ARCHIPELAGOS

I N S T I T U T E O F M A R I N E C O N S E R VAT I O N

Multidisciplinary Internship Opportunities

2016-2017
2019-2020
 Archipelagos Institute of Marine Conservation is a non-
profit, non-governmental organization committed to
researching and defending the biodiversity of the Greek
seas and islands as well as the entire eastern Mediterranean
region.

Since 2001, Archipelagos has offered research

opportunities to over 2,500 students, recent graduates and
scientists from all over the world.

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 INTRO

p.4 p.6 p.10

WHO WE ARE OUR BASES OUR BOATS

PROJECT
AREAS

p.14 p.18 p.22 p.26 p.30 p.34

MARINE MARINE TERRESTRIAL LAB MEDIA & PR OTHER

MAMMALS & CONSERVATION CONSERVATION RESEARCH PROJECTS PROJECTS
SEA TURTLES
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 WHO WE ARE
Since 1998, Archipelagos has focused on a combination of multidisciplinary scientific
research and efficient conservation work, in which local communities play an active
part. This cooperation creates a strategic foundation that enables and strengthens
the activities of Archipelagos at the local, national and European level, allowing us
to defend marine and terrestrial wildlife against the ever-increasing human threats.

HOW WE WORK OUR TEAM

Archipelagos operates far from city centers and commercial interests, One of the main aims of Archipelagos is to bring together the expertise and know-how of
offering a pure, direct approach to environmental conservation. the national and international scientific conservation community, gaining knowledge and
We are working in different areas of the Aegean Sea throughout the year, next to the experience which actively contribute to the conservation of the unique biodiversity hotspot
ecosystems in need of protection and management. Despite adverse weather conditions, of the Aegean Sea and the eastern Mediterranean.
especially during the winter months, we manage to implement significant research and
environmental protection activities thanks to the enthusiasm and dedication of our Scientists, experts, recent graduates and students join forces with Archipelagos in its
research team. These actions are combined with applied scientific research in the field research bases on the eastern Aegean islands throughout the year. Teams are comprised
and in the laboratory as well as developed in close cooperation with local communities, of people from all over the world, with a wide background of specialties and skills, who
authorities, international NGO coalitions and national and European institutions. actively participate in various projects. Archipelagos works closely with leading universities
and research institutes from Europe, America, and Asia.

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 MAIN AREAS OF FOCUS

1 2

MARINE WILDLIFE TERRESTRIAL WILDLIFE

C O N S E R VA T I O N C O N S E R VA T I O N

. Marine mammals . Oceanographic . Island fauna, focusing on endangered species such as

. Fisheries research chameleons, jackals, bats and birds.
. Coastal ecosystems, . Water quality . Island flora, focusing on the rare island forests and
focusing on endange- . Pollution assessment freshwater habitats.
red habitats and . Shipping disaster . Development of the Aegean Seed Bank
species prevention. . Pollution and human impact assessments
. Invasive species . Management of priority habitats.

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 OUR BASES
Archipelagos Institute of Marine Conservation runs research bases and
stations on seven islands of the Aegean: Samos, Ikaria, Lipsi, Arki, Marathi,
Leros and Oinousses, which is situated further to the north.

Samos Island, Pythagorio - Main Research Base (1) Oinousses Island - Marine Research Station
Samos Island, Vathi - Laboratories & Lecture Hall (2) Arki Island - Coastal Biodiversity Research Station
Ikaria Island - Forestry & Agronomy Research Base Marathi Island - Coastal Biodiversity Research Station
Lipsi Island - Fisheries & Coastal Ecosystem Research Base Leros Island - Sustainable Aquaculture Research Station

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 RESEARCH BASES

M A I N R E S E A R C H B A S E : P Y T H AG O R I O

Archipelagos’ main research base is located close

to the small town of Pythagorio, in the settlement of
Mesokampos, on the southeastern part of Samos
island. It is a multifunctional facility, which enables the
conservation of coastal ecosystem and terrestrial
biodiversity. The base houses offices with a small library
and a presentation area, a small lab, dormitory style
rooms for accommodation and a kitchen. Wireless
Internet is available.

The building is situated just a few steps away from the

beach, with a beautiful view facing the coast of Turkey
and the national park of the Dilek peninsula. The Psili
Ammos salt marsh, a protected Natura 2000 site, is
located a few kilometers away and supports important
migratory and resident bird populations, as well as other
wildlife.

S A M O S I S L A N D : VA T H I

The laboratories and lecture hall are located in Vathi (also known as Samos Town), the capital of the island, in a
beautiful neoclassical building provided by the University of the Aegean. It is comprised of spacious teaching and
meeting rooms, offices, chemical and microbiological research laboratories, and serves as a seed and tissue
bank. Wireless Internet is also available.

Situated on the coast and overlooking the harbor, the base is close to the centre of the picturesque town of Vathi.
It is home to the Samos Archaeological Museum, regarded as one of the most interesting provincial museums of
Greece. The old part of town, with its narrow streets, old churches, and spectacular view of the horseshoe-sha-
ped bay below, is truly delightful.
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 LEROS ISLAND
RESEARCH BASES

LIPSI ISLAND Archipelagos is currently in the process of

setting up a Sustainable Aquaculture Re-
search Station in the northern part of Leros
Archipelagos Fisheries & Coastal Ecosystem Research
island. This station will support research on
Base is situated in the centre of a small town and
includes an office, dormitory style accommodations, sustainable aquaculture practices and mini-
a kitchen facility, and wireless internet is available mizing their impacts on marine ecosystems.
throughout. Lipsi, a small, charming island complex in
the northern Dodecanese, is inhabited by a population
of 750 people. The island complex is part the EU
Natura 2000 network, due to its special wildlife
diversity. Its economy is based mainly on fisheries, so
the locals heavily rely on the health of the surrounding
waters. The population booms in the summertime, as
many tourists and seasonal visitors are attracted to
the beautiful landscapes, numerous small beaches,
hospitable community and rich aquatic life. Lipsi is a
blueprint for a “green island”, as it is one of the very
few Aegean islands where efficient recycling, waste and
waste water management systems are in place.

IKARIA ISLAND
The Forestry and Agronomy Research Base is located in the settlement of Kastanies, Rahes,
within a traditional village community. Offices, a research laboratory, computer room and
presentation area are provided and wireless Internet can be accessed throughout. Additionally,
an online meteorological station and AIS receiver station are installed in the base. Dormitory style
accommodation and kitchen facilities with a biomass heating unit are available. The base borders
a small agricultural land, a pine forest and stream valleys with an amazing view.
Ikaria is a very special island of the Aegean, with beautiful beaches, traditional villages and very
hospitable local community. The island is characterized by a unique natural environment with a
rare combination of Mediterranean ecosystems. It is mountainous, with many streams and lakes,
as well as large, diverse forests.
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 RESEARCH BASES

A R K I & M A R AT H I I S L E T S ( PAT M O S A R E A )

The Costal Biodiversity Research Stations on the The area is part of the “Permanent Wildlife Refuge of
small islets of Arki and Marathi are housed in buildings Arki Island Complex & N. Patmos Islets”, which consists
provided by the Municipality of Patmos. The facility of 14 isles in the Patmos region. It was established
on Arki includes a simple office, laboratory, dormitory by the Greek authorities in 2004, based on research
style accommodation and kitchen. On Marathi, the carried out by Archipelagos in cooperation with the local
station is located in a small environmental observatory. community, the Municipality of Patmos and the South
Archipelagos’ research teams use these facilities mainly Aegean District.
for short term surveys.

The small island of Arki has 45 inhabitants, while

Marathi, an even smaller islet nearby, is permanently
inhabited by only 3-5 people. Both stations are
predominantly used by Archipelagos’ teams for littoral
ecosystem research. The surrounding area is unique
because of its pristine natural environment, with almost
no anthropogenic impact and rich marine biodiversity.
It is a perfect location for studying and experiencing
pure nature.

OINOUSSES ISLAND
The Marine Research Station provided by the Development Center of Oinousses Aegean is located
in the heart of the only town on the island. The office facilities are set in a beautiful building overlo-
oking the sea with wireless Internet available throughout. Between autumn and spring, thousands
of cormorants migrate daily over Oinousses Town and can even be seen from the office window!

The beautiful island of Oinousses is situated east of Chios island and inhabited by 600 people. It
is historically known for being home to a large number of ship owning families. On the island there
are several small beaches and vineyards, as well as the magnificent Church of St. Nicholas and the
Monastery of Evangelismos.

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CONSERVATION VESSELS
O U R B OAT S
Archipelagos uses three boats which serve as mobile platforms for marine
research and conservation work. They support our actions on the Greek
seas and in the wider area of the eastern Mediterranean all year round.

O K E A N O S M O T O R B OAT

Archipelagos’ research vessel, Okeanos, is a 12m Bertram motorboat.

It supports several Archipelagos’ projects, including the mapping of
seagrass meadows and coralligene reefs with the use of an ROV,
structure scanner and sonar, as well as monitoring IUU fisheries and
marine mammal research. The boat is fully equipped with all navigation,
safety and communication requirements as well as a radar, GPS plotter,
structure scanner, autopilot and a 6.5 kVA generator.

Manufacturer: Bertram
Type: Motorboat
Overall Length: 12m
Engine: 2* Iveco 335 hp
Passenger Capacity: 12 persons

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 PINELOPI NIREAS

For oceanographic research and marine conservation actions, Archipelagos provides For marine mammal research, Archipelagos uses a dual-mast sailing boat, Nireas, 13.4m in
a dual-mast sailing boat, Pinelopi, of 16m length and 5m width. She is a traditional length. Nireas provides steering outside and inside, supporting the team’s research needs even
vessel, a copy of a famous sailing boat from 1811. Her structure is reinforced with during winter months. The boat is fully equipped with all navigation, safety and communication
10mm steel so that she can withstand the harshest weather conditions. The boat is requirements.
fully equipped with all navigation, safety and communication requirements.
Manufacturer: Jouet 1300, 1982
Manufacturer: Perama, Athens 1979 Type: Sailing boat (Ketch)
Type: Traditional, steel dual-mast sailing boat Overall Length: 13.4m
Overall Length: 16m Engine: Perkins 50 hp
Engine: Ford Fumoko 140 hp Passenger Capacity: 12 persons
Passenger Capacity: 14 persons

K AYA K S
Archipelagos also uses a small fleet of 8 kayaks to support coastal research.Kayaks are considered
to be an ideal, eco-friendly means of researching coastal habitats, while the great clarity of the
Aegean waters (down to 40m) makes it possible to survey relatively large depths.

The kayaks are flexible, leave zero carbon footprint, cause no environmental impact and do not
produce any noise pollution. One of the main applications of kayaks is monitoring and mapping the
seagrass meadows, using a small structure scanner, an underwater camera and a bathoscope.
During parallel surveys structure scanner readings can be shared via wi-fi on tablets on other
kayaks. Kayak-based surveys also include sampling surface waters to study zooplankton and
microplastics, monitoring seabirds and, with some luck, even marine mammals!
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 The Mediterranean is a unique sea with exceptional biodiversity within its waters.
Although it represents only 0.8% of the seas worldwide, it supports 7% of the all existing
marine species. Even though the rich biodiversity spans across the Mediterranean
Sea, 25 hotspots have been found in the Eastern Basin alone, which covers the
Levantine and Aegean Sea.
The Aegean Sea covers an area of approximately 214,000 km2 and holds thousands
of smaller and larger islands and islets in its waters. The Aegean Sea composes one of
the most biodiverse regions in the entire Mediterranean. It hosts 12 marine mammal
species that are at risk and supports extensive areas of priority protected habitats,
including Posidonia seagrass beds and Coralligene reefs. The marine ecosystems
of the region also support hundreds of fish species and thousands of invertebrate
species.
All of the above highlight the magical world of the Greek seas, but the fact
that this biodiversity still survives seems to be purely by luck since few protection
or conservation measures are in place. This is a great challenge that all actions of
Archipelagos aim to address."

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PROJECT
AREAS

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1 M A R I N E M A M M A L S
& SEA TURTLES

The eastern Aegean region is home to a large number of marine mammals which are classified either as at risk or data
deficient. This habitat is in desperate need of protection, as it is subjected to a wide range of anthropogenic threats. The
aim of Archipelagos is to better understand and monitor the habitat structure and population dynamics of cetaceans around
the eastern Aegean islands. The ultimate goal is the implementation of “Marine Protected Areas” and supporting effective
conservation actions and management policies in order to protect the cetacean and other species biodiversity.

OUR AIM
The Aegean, just like the whole Mediterranean Sea, is influenced by
human activities such as shipping, tourism, unregulated fisheries practices
and pollution, which threaten the survival of marine mammal populations.
A vital sector of the eastern Aegean economy are the fisheries, which
cause an unavoidable interaction between the marine mammals and the
fishermen who are after the same prey.

The main goals of our research are:

. Monitoring the habitat use, abundance and distribution of cetaceans,
Mediterrenean monk seals and sea turtles.
. Studying the population structure and its dynamics.
. Studying the behaviour through visual and acoustic data.
. Investigating the impact of major threats, such as fishing and tourism, on the
cetacean behavior.

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 MARINE MAMMALS & SEA TURTLES

WHERE
The monitoring of marine mammal populations focuses on the
sea around Samos and extends to the islands of Ikaria, Fourni,

HOW
Patmos, Arki and Lipsi. From the research base of Pythagorio in
Samos, land based surveys are also conducted from a number
of observational points in different parts of the island.

Our current work includes the following activities: The boats used by Archipelagos to carry out marine mammal
surveys are anchored in Samos Marina, a little port next to the
. Conducting boat-based surveys to collect data on cetacean abundance, distri- main research base.
bution and behavior.
. Conducting land-based surveys to investigate the effects that marine vessels
W H AT
and fishing pressure exert on the behavior of cetaceans and to collect data on Research surveys can focus on::
the abundance, distribution and behavior of marine mammals. . Dolphin populations, including common dolphins, bottlenose
. Collecting data about different types of marine vessels, their distance from the dophins, striped dolphins and Risso’s dolphins.
focal group, fishing activities and marine debris during the boat and land surveys. . Whale populations - sperm whales, Cuvier’s beaked whales
. Assessing the populations of resident, transient and seasonal cetaceans and occasionally fin whales.
through photo-ID. . Mediterranean monk seals.
. Developing an online photo-ID network. . Sea turtle populations, including green turtles and loggerhead
. Using a hydrophone to collect acoustic data. turtles.
. Creating GIS maps to pinpoint critical habitats and understand the factors
threatening them.
. Delivering first aid to live stranded animals
. Performing necropsies of animals that have been found stranded dead

Archipelagos/Wings For Science

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 ARCMAP GIS
MARINE MAMMALS & SEA TURTLES

GENERAL MONITORING The marine mammal team utilizes ArcMap

GIS for mapping the populations of species
found in the Aegean Sea. By applying the
The main task of the marine mammal team is to monitor the
data collected during surveys and fieldwork,
study area through both land and boat-based surveys in order
to analyze the abundance, distribution and behavior of marine we can show the distribution and abundance
mammals and turtles. Data on various human impacts (marine of different species, as well as hot spots and
vessels, fishing activity, debris) are also collected. migration patterns in the sea.

During surveys, the team is responsible for behavioral data

collection, photographing individuals and later cataloging
the photograph. All these data are recorded and stored in a
database at the main research base for later analysis.

P H O T O I D E N T I F I C AT I O N
During marine mammal pods sightings, the Archipelagos marine mammal team gathers
photographic material used for identifying individuals inhabiting the studied area. To facilitate this
process, all pictures are sorted, cropped and named. The identification is done by comparing
different morphological aspects of the body and fin, such as patches of color, shape, scars, nicks,
notches etc.
Once the individuals have been identified and classified, they are introduced into a photo-ID catalog
which includes all the cetaceans spotted so far.
As a result of this process, the team can get a better idea of the population size in the study area,
compare it along the coming years and identify the social structure and residency pattern of target
species.
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 M A R I N EM AM
RAI NMEM AMLASM&M SAELA PTRUORJTELCETSS

STRANDING RESPONSE PROJECT

Archipelagos’ team takes part in rescuing stranded for analyses (for example toxicological, DNA and
marine mammals and turtles when such incidents occur stomach content). Through this work, we can gain
in the study area. After being notified of a stranding, the a better understanding of the factors that threaten
team members assess the situation and provide first the populations of these charismatic animals and
aid in order to improve the health of the animal. If the take actions that will efficiently protect them.
individual is already dead, necropsy is carried out to
determine the cause of death and to collect samples

TURTLE MONITORING

In the eastern Aegean, there are no extensive nesting turtle monitoring project includes various activities
beaches for turtles. However, numerous sites can be ranging from observation at sea, monitoring the
found on the island every summer. At the same time, nests, administering first aid to injured turtles and
rich feeding areas are abundant in the region, therefore, performing necropsies of turtles found dead in the
turtle encounters occur year round. Archipelagos’ region.

MEDITERRANEAN MONK SEAL

Mediterranean monk seals are considered to be the second most endangered marine mammals
in the world. It is estimated that only 450 individuals remain. One of the most important surviving
populations of the species resides along the Greek and Turkish coasts of the Aegean Sea.
Research on monk seal population includes monitoring the nesting and feeding areas as well as
assessing the interaction with fisheries.
Since the spring of 2014, Archipelagos has been involved in daily monitoring and conservation of
a young monk seal which displays a highly unusual behavior, approaching inhabited coastal areas
and touristic beaches. Archipelagos’ team works closely with the local community in a unique
conservation effort to ensure the wellbeing of this special seal pup and facilitate her reintroduction
to the natural environment.
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 2 MARINE CONSERVATION

With over 18,000 km of coastline and one of the largest fishing fleets in Europe, the monitoring of marine activities in
Greece is not a simple task. The Aegean Sea supports exceptional biodiversity, including rare and protected marine habi-
tats and species. For over a decade, Archipelagos has been collecting data and monitoring important ecosystems of the
region, assessing habitats and populations as well as the different factors impacting them. Knowledge acquired in this way
enables us to develop successful, targeted management and conservation plans.

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 MARINE CONSERVATION

MONITORING THE
POSIDONIA MEADOWS
Posidonia oceanica seagrass of the Mediterranean is believed to
be the oldest living organism on Earth. It can be over 100,000

FISHERIES years old. The eastern Aegean still supports extensive meadows
of Posidonia, while in other parts of the Aegean they have been
damaged or destroyed as a result of urbanisation of the coastal
areas, marine pollution and climate change. The EU and national
Fisheries have been an activity of vital importance to the island legislation protecting this priority habitat is not enforced in many
and Greek coastal communities for thousands of years. parts of the Mediterranean, therefore mapping, monitoring and
However, over the past couple of decades, marine resources have become ove- protecting the Posidonia meadows is of the utmost importance.
rexploited, frequently through the use of destructive practices. If drastic measures Our current work includes the following activities::
are not introduced, the fishing industry will face the risk of collapse. Archipelagos’
. Mapping Posidonia seagrass meadows with a combination of
work to prevent this threat includes a combination of the following projects:
boat, kayak and drone-based surveys.
. Recording the landings of artisanal fisheries’ fleets. . Assessing the impact caused by illegal trawling activity and
. Correlating catch data versus temperature data originating from loggers instal invasive species.
-led on fishermen’s gear. . Monitoring fishing activities and promoting sustainability.
. Conducting questionnaire-based surveys to collect information about fisheries . Experimental installation of sustainable mooring systems over
in the area, such as gear used, effort per catch, differences in catches over time seagrass meadows.
and other historical data. . Environmental campaigns about Posidonia meadows and
.Researching and recording Illegal, Unregulated and Unreported (IUU) fisheries coralligenous reefs to enlist public support for their protection.
in the Greek waters.
. Work related to the development and assessment of successful fisheries
management measures.
. Working on the establishment of the first ‘‘fisheries co-managed area’’ in Greece.

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 SHIPPING
MARINE CONSERVATION
R I S K A N A LY S I S
The Mediterranean is considered to be of
C OA S TA L high risk for major spills from large cargo
ECOLOGY ships and tankers. However, only a medium
level of preparedness to deal with such
accidents exists. The main shipping areas
For over 15 years, Archipelagos has been
in the Aegean Sea, between Greece and
monitoring the biodiversity of shallow, littoral zone
Turkey, have largely unmonitored shipping
ecosystems of the eastern Aegean Sea. The data
traffic and are considered to be of even
collected enables us to get an understanding of
higher risk, as over 75% of all Mediterranean
local conditions, ecosystem changes, processes
maritime accidents have been recorded in
and threats. Surveys have a wide range of
this region. Research in this field focuses
focus, including biodiversity assessments (fish,
on the risk assessment and analysis, as well
invertebrates and algae) and the spread of
as the development of management and
invasive species. They also include the impacts
prevention measures.
of the factors threatening protected species and
ecosystems, colonization rates, experiments on
sustainable mooring systems and artificial reefs,
and many more.

A Q U A C U L T U R E I M PA C T S
The increasing demand for seafood, along with continued overfishing, have resulted in intensified
aquaculture production in the Mediterranean. Recent aquaculture developments have been carried
out with a focus on market demand, creating strong impacts on coastal ecosystems, wild fish
stocks and local communities. Archipelagos strives to implement more sustainable aquaculture
practices and to assess the impacts of units operating over intensively. Work in this field includes:
. Analyzing the impact of aquaculture on coastal habitats and the accuracy of existing EIAs.
. Collecting preliminary data to identify the impacts on biodiversity caused by different aquaculture
practices and creating models of more sustainable approaches to aquaculture.
. Cooperating with a medium sized aquaculture company on Leros island to modify its practices in
order to create an eco-friendly model that respects the carrying capacity of the area.
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 MARINE CONSERVATION

CORALLIGENE MAPPING

Coralligenous reefs are frequently referred to as the and boat-based surveys. By producing maps and
best kept secret of the Mediterranean. Because of the putting pressure on the authorities, we strive to enforce
lack of awareness, they have been greatly overlooked EU legislation that bans trawling over reefs which
in terms of conservation, partially due to the lack of causes their irreversible destruction. Our work includes
efficient research on these habitats in the Aegean. participatory GIS surveys and boat-based surveys with
In cooperation with UNEPMAP-RAC/SPA, we are the use of a cartographic camera, structure scanner and
confirming the location of coralligenous reefs based an ROV in order to create a map of coralligenous reefs
on a combination of data acquired from fishermen in the eastern Aegean. (Coral pictures: E. Ballesteros)

I N VA S I V E S P E C I E S

For decades, fishermen and scientists have observed an increased influx of invasive species into
the Aegean Sea that originates from both the Red Sea and from ballast waters of cargo ships. This
sometimes causes important ecosystem changes, affecting both habitats and fisheries’ production.
Aiming to understand the extent of the problem in the Aegean, Archipelagos monitors the interaction
of invasive species within the coastal zone ecosystems and fisheries landings. This includes:

. The collection of data regarding invasive species via underwater visual census (UVC) surveys,
questionnaires and recordings of fisheries’ landings.
. The creation of GIS maps which provide an overview of alien species distribution.

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 3 TERRESTRIAL CONSERVATION

The islands of the eastern Aegean are home to a rich biodiversity of flora and fauna. Thick pine forests, dense oak woods
and green riparian valleys linked to rare island freshwater ecosystems can be found here, alongside garrigue and maquis
types of vegetation. Samos is the only island in the Mediterranean where golden jackals can be found and the only place
in Greece where Mediterranean chameleons still survive. The island of Ikaria supports an ancient holm oak forest, which is
more than 500 years old. The surrounding islands and islets are important transit stations, feeding grounds and breeding
spots for a large number of protected birds, including flamingos, Eleonora’s falcons and Audouin’s gulls.

OUR AIM
Archipelagos initiated its actions with focus on marine research and
conservation, but the field of action gradually expanded to cover
the terrestrial island habitats, which are also of great environmental
importance. Both marine and terrestrial ecosystems are integral parts
of a unified system and effective protection can only be achieved if we
treat them as a whole.

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 TERRESTRIAL CONSERVATION

BIRDS
The islands of the Aegean are crucial feeding and breeding
grounds for numerous species of birds. More than 200 species
have been reported on Samos, already constituting up to 50%
W H AT of all bird species found in Greece. Current avian studies within
Archipelagos involve the collection of baseline qualitative sightings
data related to threatened wetland habitats of Samos and other
important ecosystems in the eastern Aegean islands and islets.
Archipelagos’ terrestrial research focuses on: Using this information we hope to improve site protection and
ecological status of these areas.
. Rare wetland habitats: the protected Alyki salt marsh, Mesokampos salt
marsh and Potokaki pools in the southeastern part of Samos. Archipelagos’ work in this field includes a combination of the
following projects:
. Internationally important and protected bird species: greater flamingo,
ruddy shelduck, Eleonora’s falcon, Audouin’s gull, Scopoli’s . Collecting information on a daily basis via standardised point
shearwater etc. count methods and transect surveys in order to observe
. Mammals: golden jackals, wild boars, beech martens, weasels, hares and accurate temporal comparisons.
small rodents. . Study of the nesting behavior with the use of camera traps.
. Caring for injured birds before releasing them back into the wild.
. Reptiles and amphibians: Mediterranean chameleons,Caspian whip
. Other studies depending on personal interests (e.g. raptor,
snakes, Balkan terrapins, tree frogs and numerous other species. migration) and qualifications (e.g. ringing license) of the research
. Insects: dragonflies, butterflies, moths and beetles, as well as other team.
brackish and freshwater species.
. Plants: ancient trees, orchids, marshland flora and endemic plant species.

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 B AT R E S E A R C H
TERRESTRIAL CONSERVATION

CHAMELEON Bat research is conducted depending on

P O P U L AT I O N qualifications (e.g. licenses) of the research
team members, as there is no such expertise
Samos is the only part of Greece which in the Archipelagos core team.
still supports a population of Mediterranean
chameleons. However, the fragile population
of this species is increasingly threatened and In cooperation with experts, we have
human factors are to blame. managed to identify eleven species of bats
on Samos. With threats such as pesticides,
Surveys are carried out in spring, summer and autumn, light pollution and loss of habitat connectivity
ceasing in winter due to the annual hibernation of on the rise, there is an increasing need of
chameleons. Archipelagos’ work in this field includes continuing the research.
a combination of the following projects:
Archipelagos’ work in this field includes:
. Surveys determining the population size and
distribution, involving mark-recapture techniques and . Surveying transects and analyzing sound
morphometrical analysis. files recorded.
. Surveys assessing seasonal variation of habitats and . Visiting caves to identify species.
vegetation type preference. . Mist netting for species identifications.
. Assessing the impact of wind farms on
local bat populations.

ANCIENT TREES
Surveys of ancient trees have been carried out across the eastern Aegean islands to profile some
of the most biologically important flora. Age of the trees is estimated to designate them as Monu-
ments of Nature and allow the implementation of protection laws.

Archipelagos’ work in this field includes a combination of:

. Locating and identifying ancient trees across Samos, Ikaria and other islands of the eastern
Aegean.
. Determining the age of the specimen by measuring trunks and taking bark samples.
. Creating a GIS map pinpointing the locations of ancient trees and enforcing their legal protection.

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 TERRESTRIAL CONSERVATION

JAC K A L P O P U L AT I O N S

Samos is currently the only island of the

Mediterranean where golden jackals can be
found. The local population is genetically unique,
and the factors influencing its distribution and
foraging behavior are subjects of Archipelagos’
research.

Researchers attend a selection of sites on a regular basis

in order to determine whether anthropogenic disturbance
has an impact on the habits and ecology of the jackals.
Archipelagos’ work in this field includes a combination of
the following projects:

. Nighttime acoustic surveys monitoring territorial groups

with the use of vocalization techniques to estimate the
number of packs on the island.
. Behavioral surveys using camera traps.
. Necropsies of dead individuals.

AEGEAN SEED BANK

In the spring of 2005, Archipelagos created the Aegean Seed Bank with the aim of collecting and
preserving different kinds of seeds from around the Aegean and promoting their use among local
farmers. These seeds are also propagated under suitable conditions and used to present the be-
nefits of traditional, organic agricultural practices.

Archipelagos’ work in this field includes a combination of the following projects:

· Research into traditional agricultural farming techniques practiced by local communities on the
Aegean islands.
· Experimental application of these practices as well as organic farming techniques.
· Collection, classification and analysis of local seed varieties preserved in the Aegean Seed Bank.
25
 L A B
4 RESEARCH

Marine debris is everywhere in our seas, in the form of large or small fragments or as microplastics fibers. It has been
detected in all of our oceans and seas worldwide, as well as on six continents from the poles to the equator. Traveling on
a ship thousands of miles from lands you can find floating pieces of plastic, which break down into invisible microplastics.
According to a report by the United Nations, it is estimated that in every square kilometer of the ocean there are approxi-
mately 13,000 pieces of plastic.
OUR AIM

One of the main efforts of Archipelagos has been the establishment

of the first non-governmental, non-profit, independent laboratory in
Greece.
The Archipelagos laboratory facilitates studies which detect and analyze potential
sources of pollution harmful for marine and terrestrial ecosystems. Such
contamination can also damage the health of people who live on the islands and in
the coastal regions of the eastern Mediterranean. The Archipelagos laboratory offers
local communities the analysis of drinking water, swimming water and soil quality
free of charge. Analyses are being performed with the aim of detecting pesticide
residues in plant tissues, final products (e.g. wine and oil), as well as in soil samples.
Potential microbial contamination of vegetables is also being assessed. Other
analyses include determining the pharmacological potential of marine organisms.

26
 LAB RESEARCH

O U R AC T I O N S

MICROPLASTICS
Archipelagos Institute of Marine Conservation, in
2009, was the first organisation in Greece to initiate
research assessing the extent of microplastics
distribution. The research illustrated the scale of the
The invisible world of microplastics pollution problem and the results were shocking.

The issue of microplastics pollution is similar to that of climate change, in the Analysing more than 1000 samples from 167 beaches of
sense that it is an invisible problem that is easily neglected by the authorities the Greek coast, every sample contained microplastic fibers.
and the public, but it is an issue bequeathed to future generations. Not only the Samples from remote islands and uninhabited areas were found
food chain, but also water sources can hold microplastics for very long periods, to contain microplastics fibers in an amount equivalent to the
possibly for centuries. beaches of Athens. Further analysis carried out to date shows
that almost 100% of fish and marine invertebrates examined
Plastic is everywhere around us: in plastic bags, bottles, toys, screw caps, (such as sponges and sea cucumbers) contained microplastics
packaging etc. In 2012 the global plastic production exceeded 280 million tons. fibers in their stomachs. The goal of Archipelagos is to identify the
main source of influx of microplastics into the Aegean and verify
Of these only 1% was recycled and it is estimated that only 50% of plastic waste
whether they are indeed traveling through the food chain, from
ends up in landfills. The rest is dispersed in the environment, directly or indirectly, plankton to humans. The findings of this research will be used for
and as a result, plastics are one of the main polluters of the world’s waters today. awareness campaigns.

27
 THE LABS
LAB RESEARCH

WA T E R Q U A L I T Y The Archipelagos laboratory is located in the

Archipelagos research base on Samos and a
The Archipelagos laboratory analyzes both marine and smaller lab unit operates in the Archipelagos
freshwater samples, defining the content of microbes, research base on Ikaria. In addition, an on-
nutrients and other chemical compounds. The aim is board lab is currently being developed on the
to assess the safety of local potable water, groundwater Archipelagos research boat, Pinelopi. The
and swimming water in order to protect human health on-board lab will facilitate water analyses
as well as the environment. When contamination in various parts of the Greek seas during
is detected, Archipelagos informs and collaborates Archipelagos’ research expeditions.
with communities as well as relevant authorities
(local, national and/or EU) for the development and
application of appropriate measures.

All of the techniques used in the Archipelagos laboratory

are certified and produce scientific, reliable results.
Further analyses which require resources beyond these
currently available at the Archipelagos laboratory are
undertaken at partner university laboratories.

D R I N K I N G A N D G R O U N D WA T E R
Archipelagos provides analyses of drinking water on various islands of the Aegean, focusing
especially on the islands where the local authorities do not conduct regular monitoring. In most
places drinking water can originate from different sources, hence the risk of pollution caused
by nearby anthropogenic activities and natural rock erosion. On small islets and islands of the
Aegean, where the water resources are limited and potable water is transported to people via
water tankers, the quality of the water can differ with each shipment delivered. The Archipelagos
laboratory provides local island communities with water quality analyses in order to ensure that
they have free, safe access to drinking water. In addition, Archipelagos tests the water in regions
where the contamination of groundwater is possible. When sources of pollution are detected,
Archipelagos collaborates with local, national and EU authorities in order to eliminate them.
28
 LAB RESEARCH

S W I M M I N G WA T E R S

The Archipelagos laboratory supplies data on swimming Our chemical water analyses are carried out using the
water quality at various beaches and informs local photometric method (certification ISO 9001: 2000)
authorities, communities and visitors whether the waters and a digital arsenator (certification ISO 9001: 2000).
are safe for them and their children to swim in or not. In The microbiological analyses are also carried out (IDEXX
many places around the Greek coastline, such samples Colilert-18/ Quanti-Tray®: ISO 9308-3 (E. coli).
are not regularly collected by the national authorities.
Even when these tests are conducted, the results are
not shared with the local communities.

SOIL QUALITY

Growing healthy and productive crops requires good of their soil and of natural methods of replenishing any
soil quality. If your soil is poor, you can selectively add nutrients that are missing.
the nutrient that is lacking from your soil for the specific Our laboratory provides analyses of soil samples for the
crop you are growing in place of adding chemical following parameters:
fertilizers. On the basis of this principle, the Archipelagos Ammonia, calcium, chloride, free chlorine, cooper, iron,
laboratory team offers free analyses of soil quality for pH, magnesium, manganese, nitrate, nitrite, phosphate,
farmers who are also advised of the nutrient content phosphorus.

PESTICIDE RESIDUES
Archipelagos conducts research on pesticide residues in order to assess environmental effects of
the use of pesticides and herbicides in farming practices and to inform consumers and farmers
about these effects. Using the results of our analyses, we create awareness campaigns that explain
the health hazards of pesticides and encourage farmers to choose organic methods in place of
chemical agents. Our laboratory team collects samples from olive groves, vineyards, vegetable
gardens and greenhouses. Samples are collected and analyzed from the main crops, the produced
goods (e.g. wine and oil), the surrounding vegetation growing on the ground and the soil. In recent
years there has been a slow but steady shift towards organic farming by people who live on the
islands. Nevertheless, a lot of work is still needed for progress to be made on a large scale.

29
 M E D I
5 PROJECTSA & P U B L I C R E L A T I O N S

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OUR AIM

Due to the increase of the human activities and tourism, there is a cri-
tical pressure on the marine mammal populations. A vital sector of the
northeastern Aegean economy is the fisheries, causing an unavoidable
interaction between the marine mammals and the fishermen who are
after the same prey. The main goals of our research are:

Monitoring the habitat use, abundance and distribution.

Study of population structure and dynamics.
Study of behavioral ecology and communication.
Efficient conservation of the marine mammal population and protection from
anthropogenic threats.
Study of the impacts of interactions with fisheries.

30
 MEDIA & PUBLIC RELATIONS PROJECTS

I L L U S T R AT I O N S O F
F L O R A A N D FA U N A
MEDIA AND PUBLIC
R E L AT I O N S
Focusing on illustrating marine and terrestrial biodiversity, from
mammals to flora, this placement provides an opportunity to
work on numerous projects. The participant will contribute to
environmental conservation efforts while developing a dynamic
personal portfolio. Activities include:
Thanks to the media and public relations team, the Archipelagos’ efforts are made
public in real time. Archipelagos is a non-profit organization, therefore fundraising . Creating scientific illustrations of the species of the Greek seas
campaigns are essential for our continuous work. Activities may include: and islands, both marine and terrestrial.
. Creating illustrations to be used for informational material in
. Creating press releases for newspapers, internet, television and radio. related conservation activities with the aim of raising public
. Establishing new social network profiles and using them to promote awareness.
Archipelagos’ work and launch awareness campaigns.
. Extending Archipelagos’ partnerships by contacting international universities,
institutions and embassies.
. Designing and preparing fundraising campaigns and events.

31
 A N I M AT I O N
MEDIA & PUBLIC RELATIONS PROJECTS

E D U C AT I O N This placement focuses on creating animated

films which help to raise awareness about
Archipelagos plays an active role in raising environmental issues. Activities include:
environmental awareness among children living in the . Making animations about marine and
local communities and throughout Greece by creating terrestrial biodiversity of the Aegean
educational material and presentations. Qualified ecosystems and the factors which threaten
educators, passionate about the environment and them.
seeking to expand their knowledge and experience are . Participating in awareness campaigns at a
needed for this purpose. local, Greek and European level.
Work may include:

. Preparing lesson plans, presentations, educational

games and other teaching aids for children of different
ages.
. Cooperating with different Archipelagos teams to
create and develop teaching packs.
. Visiting local schools to present teaching material and
implement lesson plans.

GRAPHIC DESIGN
Archipelagos’ research and conservation work requires creative individuals to prepare innovative
graphic material in order to launch and promote awareness campaigns. Volunteers taking part in
such placement will be expected to use their graphic design skills in environmental awareness
campaigns, educational material and promotion of environmental conservation through a variety of
media. A working knowledge of design software is essential in order to produce professional quality
graphics. Main fields of activity include:

. Designing posters, leaflets, booklets and material for lectures which present the natural
environment of the Aegean to raise awareness regarding local biodiversity and threats to it.
. Working closely with other members of the media team to integrate illustrations into posters.

32
 MEDIA & PUBLIC RELATIONS PROJECTS

D O C U M E N TA R Y F I L M P R O D U C T I O N

The footage created in the course of this placement can be used in various genres, from awareness videos
to documentaries for children, giving the participant an opportunity to contribute to environmental conservation
efforts while developing a varied showreel and portfolio. A working knowledge of video editing software is
essential in order to produce professional quality videos.

Main fields of activity are:

. Filming the research activities carried out by Archipelagos’ teams.
. Wildlife, nature and landscape filming on the islands of the eastern Aegean.
. Video journalism covering the issues related to biodiversity and factors impacting the natural
environment.
. Editing underwater videos using the archive material.
. Filming and editing material for different media (TV, Internet).
. Producing promotional, awareness and educational material about the local biodiversity and threats to it.
. Working with members of other teams to incorporate various forms of media into the production process,
e.g. illustrations or graphic designs.

E N V I R O N M E N TA L P H O T O G R A P H Y
Focusing on photographing marine and terrestrial biodiversity as well as landscapes, this place-
ment provides an opportunity to work on a range of projects. A working knowledge of photo editing
software is desirable to produce professional quality images. Activities include:

. Wildlife and nature photography of species found in the eastern Aegean.

. Landscape photography on the islands of the eastern Aegean.
. Portrait photography.
. Photographing the research activities carried out by Archipelagos’ teams.
. Working with members of the research teams and helping them with basic photography and
editing techniques.
33
 A D M I N I S T R AT I V E
OTHER PROJECTS WORK

I N F O R M AT I O N At Archipelagos we are always in need of

TECHNOLOGY assistance to help with office organization
and other relevant tasks. Work will involve:
The work of Archipelagos’ teams produces large datasets
and media archives which need to be organized in easily . Organizing the participants’ files and
searchable databases. Archipelagos also runs a number documents.
of websites, such as the wildlife library, which need to be . Creating standardized protocols for storing
continually maintained and updated. The placement focuses all paperwork.
on database design and data mining, general system . Organizing various material generated
administration as well as creating new websites. during Archipelagos’ research and
conservation activities.
Projects may involve the following:
. Helping with the general upkeep of
. Content management system administration. Archipelagos’ bases and stations, as well
. Database design and implementation. as research work as required.
. Data mining and modeling. . Correspondence and other administrative
. Website design. tasks.
. Designing and implementing an intranet website for
the ease of information and file sharing.

GIS MAPPING
In order to effectively preserve and manage different areas of the eastern Aegean, they need to
be accurately identified. Unfortunately, the region has not been mapped in enough detail to allow
this. During all field surveys, both marine and terrestrial, the paths, locations and relevant points of
interest are marked and recorded so that a database of GIS material can be created. Participants
of a GIS placement can expect to work on some of the following assignments:

. Participating in fieldwork in order to log tracks, locations and points of interest on a GPS device.
. Boat and kayak-based surveys for mapping Posidonia oceanica and coralligene reefs.
. Creating maps for various in-house and external projects, using both raw and secondary GIS data.
. GIS analysis of both marine and terrestrial habitats and ecosystems.
. Collecting additional GIS information from external sources.
. Creating “participatory GIS maps” based on the data collected from local communities.
34
 OTHER PROJECTS

R E N E WA B L E E N E R G Y S O U R C E S

Energy demand is constantly increasing in the whole communities, using the new research base in Lipsi
world and Greece is not an exception. Archipelagos is island as a study site where numerous renewable
developing projects which involve experimentation and energy and desalination applications will be used to
application of small-scale renewable energy sources. provide power and water.
Such solutions are low cost, sustainable and beneficial
to the environment and the island communities. . Establishing contacts and partnerships with researchers
in Greece and the rest of Europe in order to identify
The aim is to examine efficient and inefficient examples environmental impacts of large scale renewable
of renewable energy sources and develop an optimal energy developments.
proposal which could be successfully applied on small-
scale across the Greek islands. The work involved in . Research into energy self-sufficiency using the islands
this area includes: of the eastern Aegean as an example and promoting
sustainable, efficient application of renewable energy
. Launching a campaign e.g. for the promotion of technologies.
reusing cooking oil waste for producing biodiesel.
. Participating in conservation activities and creating
. Carrying out general research regarding the application informational material with the aim of raising public
of renewable energy sources for the island awareness regarding the use of small-scale renewable
energy sources. LEGAL WORK

Due to the dynamic nature of Archipelagos’ work, we need to have an understanding of both
national and international laws and policies in order to assess the relevant enforcement. This
knowledge is required to combat environmental crimes and to implement our management and
conservation strategies of the environment.
Some of the work involved may include research and legal analysis related to:
. EU fisheries legislation and Illegal, Unregulated and Unreported (IUU) fisheries.
. Combating the illegal trade of endangered plants and animals.
. Combating environmental crimes, pollution incidents and the destruction of natural habitats and
wildlife.
. Shipping, ship traffic and maritime accidents.
. Uncontrolled use of live ammunition by the armed forces posing threats to public health and
wildlife
. Creating, implementing and managing protected areas.
35
 Archipelagos, Institute of Marine
www.archipelago.gr Conservation
[email protected]
[email protected] Join Archipelagos, Institute of
Marine Conservation
Tel: +30 22 73061191
P.O. Box 42 Pythagorio @ArchipelagosIMC
Samos, 83103 Greece
@archipelagosimc