mwpKfk;

,e;jpah> gy;NtW ek;gpf;iffs; kw;Wk; kjq;fisf; nfhz;l ehlhf ,Ug;gjhy;> kj

gof;ftof;fq;fs; eilKiwg;gLj;jg;gl;l tpjj;jpy; xU Kd;Djhuz khw;wj;ijf; fz;Ls;sJ.
kpf நீz;l fhyj;jpw;F Kd;G> ,e;J FLk;gq;fs; kw;Wk; mtu;fspd; gof;ftof;fq;fs; ngUk;ghYk;
gz;ila kuGfis mbg;gilahff; nfhz;lit. mq;F jpUkzk; ,uz;L egu;fSf;F ,ilNa
xU fl;lha tptfhukhf fUjg;gl;lJ. ,e;Jf;fisg; nghWj;jtiu> ,J xg;ge;j cwTfis
tpl ,uz;L FLk;gq;fspd; Gdpjkhd rq;fkhf ,Ue;jJ. ,J ru;tty;yikAs;stuhy;
jpl;lkplg;gl;l VO gpwtpfspd; rq;fkk; vd;W mtu;fs; ek;GtjhfTk; Ntjk; $WfpwJ. gy
E}w;whz;Lfshf> ,e;jpag; ngz;fs; jq;fs; tho;tpd; xt;nthU fl;lj;jpYk; gy;NtW tpjq;fspy;
nfhLikfisr; re;jpf;f Ntz;bapUe;jJ. jpUkz cwTfspy;> mtu;fs; czu;r;rp kw;Wk; cly;
ரjpahd mjpu;r;rpia mDgtpj;jdu;. ,Ug;gpDk; mtu;fs; jq;fs; fztu;fSf;F tpRthrkhfTk;
கீ o;g;gbjYlDk; ,Ug;ghu;fs; vd;W vjpu;ghu;f;fg;gl;lJ. cupikfs; mbg;gilapyhd
murpayikg;ig Vw;Wf;nfhz;ljd; %yk;> ,e;j ngz;zpd; கீ o; epiyia khw;w Kaw;rpfs;
Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;ld. ngz;fs; kw;Wk; mtu;fspd; cupikfis ghjpg;gpypUe;J ghJfhf;f gy
rl;lq;fs; ,aw;wg;gl;L> mtu;fSf;F ,iof;fg;gLk; nfhLikfis vjpu;f;Fk; Rje;jpuj;ijAk;
mjpfhuj;ijAk; mtu;fSf;F toq;fpAs;sJ. 1976 tiu jpUkzj;jpy; cs;s nfhLik
tpthfuj;Jf;fhd fhuzkhf mq;கீfupf;fg;gltpy;iy> mjd; gpwF 1955 ,d; ,e;J jpUkzr;
rl;lj;jpd; jpUj;jj;jpd; %yk; mJ tpthfuj;Jf;fhd rupahd fhuzkhf Nru;f;fg;gl;lJ.
fztDf;F kidtp nra;Ak; nfhLik rw;W Kd; Njhd;wpaNj mNj msT Kf;fpakhdJ.

,e;J rka tuyhw;wpYk; ,Nj epiy cs;sJ. kDtpd; $w;Wg;gb> "Njitg;gl;lhy;>

fztDf;F jdJ kidtpia mbf;f KO cupik cz;L> Mdhy; mq;fp my;yJ %q;fpiyg;
gpsf;Fk; nray;ghl;by; vYk;Gfs; vJTk; cilf;fg;gltpy;iy". ,tu;fspd; $w;Wfisf; fUj;jpy;
nfhz;L> Ke;ija r%fj;jpy; ngz;fspd; epiy gupjhgkhf ,Ue;jJ vd;W ehk; fUjyhk;>
NkYk; jpUkz tho;f;ifapYk;> xU ,e;Jtpd; jdpg;gl;l tho;f;ifapYk; gy;NtW
fsq;fq;fisf; fUj;jpy; nfhz;L> ghuhSkd;wj;jpy; elf;Fk; nfhLikfis epu;tfpf;Fk; rl;lk;
vJTk; ,y;iy. ,e;J jpUkzr; rl;lk; kw;Wk; ,e;J jpUkzr; rl;lk;> 1955 vd;w nfhLik
njhlu;ghd rl;lj;ij ,aw;w KbT nra;ag;gl;lJ.

,e;J rl;lj;jpd; கீ o; tpthfuj;Jf;fhd rupahd fhuzkhf

nfh^uj;ij Nfhbl;Lf; fhl;Ljy; :
vy;yh jpUkzf; Fw;wq;fspYk;> nfhLikia tiuaWg;gJ kpfTk; fbdk;.
ghuhSkd;w cWg;gpdu;fs; kw;Wk; நீjpgjpfs; Ntz;Lnkd;Nw nfhLikapd; tiuaiwia
cUthf;Ftijj; jtpu;f;fpwhu;fs;> Vnddpy; nfhLik vd;d vd;gjw;F epiyahd kw;Wk;
tiuaWf;fg;gl;l msTUf;fs; ,y;iy. ];fy; tp. jpupghjp. nfhLikapd; KOikahd
gl;baiyj; jpUj;Jk; Kaw;rpfs; xUNghJk; ntw;wpailahJ" vd;W நீjpkd;wk; fz;lwpe;jJ.
$Ljyhf> xU tof;fpy; nfh^ukhff; fUjg;gLtJ xU tof;fpd; cz;ikfs; kw;Wk;
R+o;epiyfisg; nghWj;jJ> kw;nwhd;wpy; mt;thW ,Uf;fhJ. n\y;ld; v . n\y;ld; tof;fpy;
nld;dpq; gpuG $wpdhu;.

Neuj;jpy; 1954 Mk; Mz;bd; rpwg;G jpUkzr; rl;lk; fztd; kw;Wk;

kidtp ,UtUf;Fk; fpilj;jJ. jpUkzk; Mdjpy; ,Ue;Nj kDjhuiu Fw;wthspfs;
nfh^ukhf elj;jpAs;sdu;. "gjpyspg;gtu; vd;w thu;j;ijapy; 'jd; jhapd; Ntz;LNfhspd;gb
je;ijia mbf;Fk; Foe;ij" vd;gJk; mlq;Fk; vd;gij ftdj;jpy; nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;.
fztd; jd; kidtpia tplhg;gpbahf ,Uf;Fk; ngw;NwhuplkpUe;J ghJfhf;ftpy;iy vd;why;>
mtd; nfhLikf;F Mshf NeupLk;.

xU Fwpg;gpl;l nray; nfh^ukhdjh vd;gij தீu;khdpg;gjpy; நீjpkd;wj;jhy; nra;ag;gLk;

nghJthd fz;fhzpg;Gfspy; gpujpthjpapd; Nehf;fKk; xd;whFk;. rl;lj;jhy;
rpfpr;iraspf;fg;gl;lJ" vd;w thu;j;ijapd; mu;j;jk;. xU gpujpthjpapd; Ntz;Lnkd;Nw
nfh^ukhdjhff; fz;lwpag;gl;l nrayhFk;. ,Ug;gpDk; Nehf;fk; vd;gJ nfhLikapd;
xUq;fpize;j gFjpahf ,y;iy. gk;gha; cau;நீjpkd;wj;jpd; gftj; vjpuhf gftj; tof;fpy;
fztd; jd; kidtpiaf; nfhLikg;gLj;j epidf;ftpy;iy. Mdhy; mtdJ nray;fs;
nfh^ukhdJ vd;W தீu;g;gspj;jJ. mtu; ];fpNrh/g;updpahthy; ghjpf;fg;gl;lhu;. ,J xU
ngz;zpd; nfh^ukhd Ntz;LNfhSf;F vjpuhf xU ey;y ghJfhg;G my;y.

rமீ gj;jpy;> tpthfuj;Jf;fhd fhuzk; nfhLik Fwpj;j xU tof;if tprhupj;j cr;r

நீjpkd;wk;> Fw;wthspfspd; nray;fs; nfhLikahf ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk; vd;W தீu;g;gspj;jJ. mNj
Neuj;jpy;> xU gFj;jwpT egu; mj;jifa R+o;epiyapy; tho Vw;Wf;nfhs;sg;gLfpwhuh vd;gijf;
Fwpf;fpwJ. jpUkzk; xU nkd;ikahd kw;Wk; gf;jp ge;jk;> vdNt nfhLikapd; தீu;g;G

tho;f;ifj; Jizapd; elj;ijapy; Vw;gLk; cstpay; khw;wq;fspd; mbg;gilapy; ,Uf;f

Ntz;Lk;. F&uj;ij epahag;gLj;j rpW rz;ilfSk;> rpW thf;Fthjq;fSk; NghjhJ.
jpUkzj;ijj; njhlu kd;dpg;Gk;. xUq;fpizg;Gk; mtrpak; vd;Wk;> mjdhy; rpW
kidtpf;fpilNa fUj;J NtWghLfs;> ru;r;irfs; Vw;gl;lhy; tpthfuj;Jf;F tpz;zg;gpj;jhy;
ngupJgLj;j KbahJ vd;Wk; cr;r நீjpkd;wk; $wpAs;sJ.

jpUkzf; nfhLikahdJ cly; ரjpahfNth> kd ரjpahfNth> czu;r;rp ரjpahfNth

my;yJ ghypay; ரjpahfNth ,Uf;fyhk;. ,e;jpah xU Mzhjpf;f r%fk; vd;gjhy;> ngz;fs;
vg;NghJk; Mz;fis tpl jho;thfNt elj;jg;gLfpwhu;fs;. mtu;fs; jq;fs; nrhj;ijg; NghyNt
fUjg;gLfpwhu;fs; kw;Wk; mtu;fspd; tho;ehs; KOtJk; mtu;fSf;F Nrit nra;a Ntz;Lk;.
ve;j xU tifahd nfhLikAk; ,y;iy> mJ vd;dntd;W rupahff; Fwpg;gpLtij
fbdkhf;FfpwJ. kdf; nfhLik vd;gJ xU Jizf;F NtjidiaAk; Jd;gj;ijAk;
Vw;gLj;Jtij cs;slf;fpaJ. mJ xU egUld; tho;tij fbdkhf;FfpwJ. cly; ரjpahd

nfhLik vd;gJ mbj;jy;> miwjy; kw;Wk; gpw cly;ரjpahd td;Kiwfis cs;slf;fpaJ.

ghypay; nfhLik> kWGwk;> clYwT my;yJ ,aw;iff;F khwhd clYwtpy; <Lgl xU
Jizia fl;lhag;gLj;JtJ mlq;Fk;. jpUkzj;jpy; clYwT kWg;gij kdf; nfhLikapd;
xU mq;fkhf ,e;jpa நீjpkd;wq;fSk; mq;கீfupf;fpd;wd.

tpthfuj;Jf;fhd fhuzk; nfhLik :

jhk;gj;jpa tho;tpy; md;whlk; Vw;gLk; R+o;epiyfs; jk;gjpfSf;Fs; xUtiunahUtu;
epk;kjpahf tho;tjw;F xU njsptpd;ikia cUthf;FfpwJ. vy;yh epiyfSk; nfhLikapd;
Fw;wj;jpw;F toptFf;Fk; vd;gjw;F mj;jifa KOikahd tiuaiw ,y;iy vd;whYk;>
ek;ikr; Rw;wp elf;Fk; jpUkz J\;gpuNahfj;jpd; xU tof;if ehk; fle;J nrd;why;>
gpd;tUgit Nghd;w rpy epge;jidfis ehk; Kbf;fyhk;:

• kidtp மீ jhd cly; ரjpahd td;Kiw.

• tho;f;ifj; Jizapd; mwpT kl;Lky;y> mij gfpuq;fkhf Vw;Wf;nfhs;tJk; tptfhuq;fs;
my;yJ tpgr;rhuk; nra;jy;.
• NkYk; tho;f;ifj; Jiztu;fspy; xUtu; tpgr;rhuj;jpy; <Lgl;ljhf jtwhff; Fw;wk;
rhl;lg;gLk; re;ju;g;gq;fspy;.
• Ntjidapd; epiyahd ntspg;ghL> kidtpiaf; fj;Jjy; my;yJ J\;gpuNahfk; nra;jy;
Mfpatw;Wld; Mj;jpuk;.
• tho;f;ifj; Jizia xU Rahதீdkhd jdpeguhf ,Ug;gjw;F vy;yh tifapYk; kdr;Nrhu;T
kw;Wk; fl;Lg;gLj;Jjy; kw;Wk; kidtp kw;wtiu rhu;e;jpUg;gijj; jtpu NtW topapy;yhj
epiyapy; jpUkz cwtpy; ,Uf;FkhW kidtpia fl;lhag;gLj;Jjy;.
• mtu;fs; Vw;fdNt jpUkz tho;f;ifapy; ,Uf;Fk; NghJ> ghypay; ரjpahf guTk; Nehapd;
ve;j cz;ik my;yJ rk;gtj;ij ntspaplf;$lhJ. kw;Wk; gl;bay; நீz;L nfhz;Nl nry;fpwJ.

fztd; kidtp ,Utupd; elj;ij> jpUkzr; rl;lj;jpd; கீ o; nfhLikapd;

vy;iyf;Fs; tuf;$ba ,ay;Gilajhf ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk;. ,e;j N[hb gpupe;J nry;y tpUk;Gk;
midj;J gpd;dzp kw;Wk; R+o;epiyfisAk; நீjpkd;wk; ftdpf;f Ntz;Lk;. mbg;gilapy;>
jpUkzk; Nkhrkile;jjw;fhd fhuzj;ij நீjpkd;wk; tprhupf;f Ntz;Lk;.
nghJthf tpthfuj;J vd;gJ xU tof;fwpQupd; cjtpAld; kw;Wk; gupe;Jiuf;fg;gl;l
rl;lj;jpd; %yk; jpUkzj;ij fiyg;gJ vd;W nghUs;. ,U jug;gpdUk; my;yJ ,UtUNk
gpupe;J> ,Uf;Fk; cwtpy; ,Ue;J jq;fis tpLtpj;Jf; nfhs;s tpUk;Gk; NghJ xUtu;
tpthfuj;Jf;Fr; nry;yyhk;. ,Ug;gpDk;> xt;nthU khepyj;jpw;Fk; jpUkzk; njhlu;ghf mjd;
nrhe;j rl;lq;fs; cs;sd.
nfhLik vd;gjd; nghUs; :
nfhLik vd;gJ nghJthf kw;wtu;fSf;F cly;> kd> nghUshjhuk; Nghd;w ve;j
tpjkhd typiaAk; Jd;gj;ijAk; Vw;gLj;Jk; jpUkzr; nrayhFk;. nfhLikapd; fUj;J
mfepiyahdJ> ,J vg;NghJk; Neuk;> ,lk; my;yJ egu;> cz;ikfs; kw;Wk; tof;fpd;
R+o;epiyfisg; nghWj;jJ. vdNt ,d;W ehk; nfhLikahff; fUJtJ rpy Mz;LfSf;F
Kd;G nfhLikahff; fUjg;gltpy;iy my;yJ ,d;W ehk; fUjhjJ rpy fhyj;jpw;Fg; gpwF
nfhLikahf khwf;$Lk;. vdNt> ,e;j fhuzj;jpw;fhf> ,e;J jpUkzr; rl;lk;> 1955 ,d; கீ o;>
'nfhLik' vd;w thu;j;ijf;F rl;lkd;wk; Ntz;Lnkd;Nw ve;j tiuaiwiaAk;
nfhLf;ftpy;iy> NkYk; mij KbntLf;f tplg;gl;Ls;sJ.

nfhLikapd; gupzhkk; :
jpUkzr; rl;lq;fs; (jpUj;jk;) rl;lk; 1976 f;F Kd;G நீjpj;Jiw gpuptpd; xNu fhuzk;
nfhLik. ,e;j tpjpapd; கீ o;> 'nfhLik' vd;w thu;j;ij kpfTk; fl;Lg;gLj;jg;gl;l mu;j;jj;jpy;
gad;gLj;jg;gLfpwJ. 've;jnthU jug;gpdUk; kw;wtiu ,JNghd;w nfhLikAld; elj;jpdhy;>
mJ mtUf;F/mts; tho;tJ தீq;F tpistpf;Fk; kw;Wk; தீq;F tpistpf;Fk; vd;W kw;wtupd;
kdjpy; epahakhd mr;rj;ij Vw;gLj;JfpwJ. kw;nwhd;W> mJ நீjpj;Jiw gpuptpidf;fhd
rupahd fskhf khWk;. Mdhy; 1976 Mk; Mz;L jpUj;jj;jpw;Fg; gpwF> "kw;nwhU fl;rpAld;
tho;tJ mtUf;F தீq;F tpistpf;Fk; kw;Wk; தீq;F tpistpf;Fk; vd;W kw;wtu;fspd; kdjpy;
epahakhd mr;rj;ij Vw;gLj;Jk; tifapy;" ,e;j gpuptpd; thu;j;ijfs; khw;wg;gl;ld. gpupT
13(1)(i) ,y; Jizg;gpupT (IA) Ir; Nru;g;gjd; %yk; nfhLikahdJ tpthfuj;Jf;fhd
fhuzkhfTk; khwpaJ.

,e;j khw;wq;fs; ehuhaz; fNz\; j];jhNd V. RNrjh j];jhNd vd;w iky;fy;

தீu;g;Gf;Fg; gpwF cWjp nra;ag;gl;ld.

nfhLikia mbg;gilahff; nfhz;L nfhLikia mbg;gilahff; nfhz;L

நீjpkd;w tpthftpyf;fk; (judicial tpthfuj;J (Divorce) (mj;jpahak;

Separation) (mj;jpahak; 10(1)(b)) 13(1)(i)(a))

,e;j gpuptpd; கீ o;> kDthf;fhsu; jpUkzj;ij ,e;j mbg;gilapd; கீ o;> kDthf;fhsu;
mq;கீfupg;gjw;F Kd; my;yJ gpd;du; ve;j jpUkzj;ij mq;கீfupj;j gpwNf
Neuj;jpYk; நீjpkd;w tpthftpyf;fj;jpw;fhd tpthfuj;jpw;fhd kDit jhf;fy; nra;a
KbAk;.
kDit jhf;fy; nra;ayhk;.
nfhLikf;F mg;ghy;> kidtp mj;jpahak; fztd; kw;Wk; kidtp ,UtUk;
13(2)-y; Fwpg;gplg;gl;l gpw mbg;gilfspd; கீ o; nfhLikia mbg;gilahff; nfhz;L
tpthfuj;jpw;fhd kDit jhf;fy; nra;a
நீjpkd;w tpthftpyf;fj;jpw;fhd kDit
KbAk;.
jhf;fy; nra;ayhk;.
,e;j mbg;gilapd; கீ o;> ,U ,e;j mbg;gilapd; கீ o;> ,U
jug;GfSf;F ,ilNaahd jpUkzk; jug;GfSf;Fk; ,ilNaahd jpUkzk;
KOikahf KbtilahJ; mJ jw;fhypfkhf KOikahf KbtilAk;.
epWj;jg;gLk;.
,e;j mbg;gilapd; கீ o;> தீu;g;Gfs; ,e;j mbg;gilapd; கீ o; தீu;g;G gpwg;gpf;fg;gl;l
gpwg;gpf;fg;gl;l gpwF> நீjpkd;wk; mij gpwF> நீjpkd;wj;jhy; rkurk; nra;a ve;jnthU
epahakhdjhfTk; jFjpahdjhfTk; fhZk; tha;g;Gk; ,y;iy.
NghJ rkurk; nra;a tha;g;G ,Uf;Fk;.

nfhLik - ,uz;L tiffs; :

'nfhLik' vd;gJ> (m) clYf;F tpistpf;fg;gLk; nfhLik ; (M) cs;sj;jpw;F
tpistpf;fg;gLk; nfhLik (Mental cruelty) vd ,U tifg;gLk;. ,jpy; clYf;F
tpistpf;fg;gLk;. nfhLik vd;gij ahtUk; mwpNthk;. fztd; kidtpia fd;dj;jpy;
miwe;jhy;> mJ cly; nfhLik MFk;. Mdhy; kidtp kdk; NehFk;gb fztd; VNjDk;
nra;jhy;> mJ cs;sf; nfhLik MFk;. ,J 'rl;lf; nfhLik' (legal cruelty) vdTk;
$wg;gLfpwJ. ,it njhlu;ghf gpd;tUk; rpy Kf;fpa tof;Ffisf; ftdpg;Nghk;.

cly; ரjpahd nfhLik :

xU tho;f;ifj; Jiz> kw;w kidtpapd; cly;> if> fhy;> MNuhf;fpak; Mfpatw;wpy;
fhaq;fis Vw;gLj;Jk; td;Kiwr; nraiyr; nra;jhy;> mJ cly; ரjpahd nfhLikahff;
fUjg;gLfpwJ. ,e;j tifahd nfhLikia nray;gLj;JtJ kpfTk; vspjhdJ. ];thjp vjpu;
mutpe;j; Kj;fy;> 2015 tof;fpy; நீjpkd;wk;> “cly; ரjpahd nfhLikia cUthf;Ftjw;F xd;W
my;yJ ,uz;L nray;fs; NghJkhdjhf ,Uf;Fk;> me;j xw;iwr; nray; ghuJ}ukhdjhfTk;>
kpfTk; ghukhdjhfTk; ,Ue;jhYk;> mJ nfhLikapd; Nrhjidia jpUg;jpg;gLj;j KbAk;.
cly; nfhLikf;F rkk;."

cly; ரjpahd nfhLikapd; கீ o;> ntspapy; vq;Fk; elf;Fk; ve;j td;KiwiaAk;

ehq;fs; Fwpg;gpltpy;iy> khwhf nfhLikia tpistpf;Fk; jpUkz cly; ரjpahd

td;Kiwia ehq;fs; Fwpg;gpLfpNwhk;. ve;jnthU cly; ரjpahd td;Kiw> cly; fhaq;fs;>

capUf;F mr;RWj;jy;> %l;L kw;Wk; MNuhf;fpaj;jpw;F mr;RWj;jy; Mfpait ngz;zpd; kdjpy;
ntspg;gilahf gaj;ij Vw;gLj;Jk;> mJ tho;f;ifj; Jizf;F cly; ரjpahd nfhLikia
cUthf;Fk;. tpthfuj;Jf;fhd nghJthd fhuzq;fspy; xd;W cly; ரjpahd

td;Kiwahf ,Ug;gjhy;> cly; ரjpahd nfhLikia epWTtJ xU gzp my;y. K];லk;

jpUkzr; rl;lk;> 1939 ,d; கீ o; 'tof;fkhd jhf;Fjy;fs;' xU jpUkzj;ij fiyg;gjw;fhd
fhuzq;fspy; xd;whFk;. ,e;jpa jz;lidr; rl;lj;jpd; 351tJ gpuptpd; கீ o; $wg;gl;Ls;sgb
jhf;FjNy ghuJ}ukhd Fw;wkhFk;. ghu;rp jpUkzk; kw;Wk; tpthfuj;Jr; rl;lk;> 1936d; கீ o;

fLikahd fhaj;ij Vw;gLj;JtJ tpthfuj;Jf;fhd fhuzkhf vLj;Jf;

nfhs;sg;gLfpwJ. ,e;jpa jz;lidr; rl;lj;jpd; gpupT 320 fLikahd fhaj;ij tiuaWf;fpwJ.
vdNt> jhf;Fjy;> fLikahd Fw;wkhFk; .

gpukpsh ghl;bah vjpu; tp[a; Fkhu; ghl;bah tof;fpy;> kidtp jdJ khkpahuplk; வl;ீ il
jd; ngaUf;F khw;WkhW Nfl;Lf; nfhz;lhu;> mtu; kWj;jjhy; mtu; khkpahuplk; jtwhf
ele;Jnfhz;L வl;ீ il tpl;Lj; jpUg;gptpl;lhu;. mtsJ fl;lisapd; Ngupy; fztu; mtuJ
rNfhjuu;fshy; jhf;fg;gl;lhu; kw;Wk; tujl;riz Nfl;ljhf fztu; மீ J ngha;ahd Fw;wr;rhl;L
Rkj;jg;gl;lJ. ,J nfhLikahdJ vd;W நீjpkd;wk; $wpaJ.

kd ரjpahd nfhLik :
gpupT 13(1) (IA) ,d; கீ o; cs;s kdf; nfhLik vd;gJ kw;w jug;gpdUf;F kd
NtjidiaAk; Jd;gj;ijAk; Vw;gLj;Jk; elj;ij vd;W gutyhf tiuaWf;fg;gLfpwJ> mJ
me;j jug;gpduhy; kw;wtUld; tho KbahJ. NtW thu;j;ijfspy; $Wtjhdhy;> kdf;
nfhLik vd;gJ fl;rpfs; xd;whf tho;tij epahakhd Kiwapy; vjpu;ghu;f;f
Kbahj ,ay;Gilajhf ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk;.

jp gpshf;']; yh bf;\dup (8tJ gjpg;G.> 2004) "kdf; nfhLik" vd;w nrhy;iy

tptupf;fpwJ "(cz;ikahd td;Kiw ,y;yhky;) tho;f;if> cly; MNuhf;fpak; my;yJ kw;w
Jizapd; kd MNuhf;fpaj;jpw;F Mgj;ij tpistpf;Fk; tho;f;ifj; Jizapd; elj;ij. kdf;
nfhLik nghUe;jhJ. kdf; nfhLikapd; $Wfs; tiuaWf;fg;gl;lit my;yJ epiyahdit
my;y vd;gjhy; fLikahd tiuaiw tho;f;if Kiw> fy;tp> FLk;g Kiwfs;>
eவdkakhf;
ீ fy; kw;Wk; cyfkakhf;fy; kw;Wk; r%f Clfq;fspd; mjpfupj;j gad;ghL
Mfpait kdf; nfhLikapd; gupkhzq;fis khw;Wtjw;F gq;fspf;Fk; rpy fhuzpfshFk;.

rpuh[;KfkJfhd; [d;Nkh`kj;fhd; vjpuhf `/gpRd;dprh ahrpd;fhd; tof;fpy;> r%ff;

fUj;Jf;fs; kw;Wk; tho;f;ifj; juk; khWk;NghJ rl;lf; nfhLikapd; fUj;J khWfpwJ vd;gij
cr;r நீjpkd;wk; xg;Gf;nfhz;lJ. cr;r நீjpkd;wj;jhy; kdf; nfhLikahf mq;கீfupf;fg;gl;l rpy
fhuzpfs;> kidtpapd; myl;rpak;> njhlu;r;rpahd J\;gpuNahfk;> tof;fkhd Nfypf;Fupa
fUj;Jf;fs;> ghypay; cwTfisj; jtpu;g;gJ kw;Wk; mjw;F kidtpiaf; Fiw $WtJ. ,it
kl;Lky;y> jpUkzj;ij Kwpj;Jf; nfhs;Sk; njhlu;r;rpahd mr;RWj;jy; kw;Wk; Jd;GWj;jy;
Mfpait kdf; nfhLikf;fhd mbg;gilahf mq;கீfupf;fg;gl;lJ.

rku; Nfh\; vjpuhf n[a Nfh\; tof;fpy; > cr;rநீjpkd;wk; kdf; nfhLikiar;
rpj;jupf;Fk; vLj;Jf;fhl;Lfspd; gl;baiy toq;fpaJ. ,Ug;gpDk;> gl;bay; KOikahdJ my;y.

"cly; ,ayhik my;yJ

rupahd fhuzkpd;wp fzprkhd fhyj;jpw;F clYwT nfhs;s kWg;gJ
xUjiyg;gl;rkhd KbT kdf; nfhLikahf mikayhk;. jpUkzj;jpw;Fg; gpwF fztd;
my;yJ kidtp xUjiyg;gl;rkhf Foe;ij ngw;Wf; nfhs;sf; $lhJ vd;W KbT nra;tJ kdf;
nfhLikahf ,Uf;fyhk;. mbf;fb Kul;Lj;jdkhd nkhop> Jd;GWj;jy;> kw;Wk; myl;rpak;>
Jd;GWj;jy; my;yJ Jd;gfukhd tho;f;ifia toq;Ftjw;fhf fzf;fplg;gl;l jtwhd kw;Wk;
mtkhdfukhd rpfpr;ir tho;f;ifj; Jiz kdf; nfhLikahf ,Uf;fyhk;."

mJkl;Lky;yhky;> fztd; my;yJ kidtpf;F njupahky; my;yJ rk;kjk; ,y;yhky;

fUj;jil nra;jhy;> my;yJ (gpe;ija tof;fpy;) fUf;fiyg;G nra;jhy;> mJ kdf;
nfhLikahfTk; ,Uf;fyhk;. ,q;F Nkw;Nfhs; fhl;lg;gl;Ls;s tof;fpy;> kidtp jdf;F
rikf;ftpy;iy> jdf;fhf kl;LNk rikj;jjhy; kdf; nfhLikf;fhf fztu; tof;F njhlu;e;jhu;.
kidtpapd; elj;ij kdf; nfhLik vd;W cr;r நீjpkd;wk; mq;கீfupj;Js;sJ.

kw;nwhU tpthjk; cr;r நீjpkd;wk; kw;Wk; gpw cau; நீjpkd;wj; தீu;g;Gfs;> ghypd kWg;G
kdf; nfhLik vd;W தீu;g;gspj;jJ. ,e;j Kd;nkhopTf;F நீjpkd;wk; xg;Gjy; mspj;Js;sJ>
Mdhy; jpUkz gyhj;fhuk; njhlu;ghd gpur;rpid நீjpkd;wj;jhy; ,d;Dk; KbT
nra;ag;gltpy;iy. jpUkz gyhj;fhuk; ,d;Dk; Fw;wkhf;fg;gltpy;iy> Mdhy; mJ kidtpf;F
vjpuhd kdf; nfhLik. ,J mtuJ kidtpf;F kupahij> fz;zpak; kw;Wk;
czu;jpwd; ,y;yhik kw;Wk; ,e;jpa murpayikg;gpd; 21 tJ gpuptpd; கீ o; mtuJ tho;f;if
kw;Wk; Rje;jpuj;jpw;fhd cupikia மீ WtjhFk;. ngz;iz "jd; cly; மீ J

cupik ,y;yhjtshfTk;> jd; fztDld; clYwit kWf;f cupik ,y;yhjtshfTk;"

fUj KbahJ. 10 jpy;yp cau; நீjpkd;wk; "jpUkzk; vd;gJ rl;lg;G+u;t ghypay; ,d;gj;jpw;fhd
xg;ge;jk; my;y" vd;W rupahfj; தீu;g;gspj;jJ. clYwit kWg;gJ fztDf;F kdf;
nfhLikia ,iog;gjw;Fr; rkk; vd;why;> kidtpiaAk; mijr; nra;a tw;GWj;JtJ
mtSf;F kdf; nfhLikNa. vdNt> IP C gpupT 375 tpjptpyf;fpd; %yk; ,e;j rl;lg;
gpur;rpidia நீjpkd;wk; my;yJ ghuhSkd;wk; njspTgLj;j Ntz;Lk;.

tof;F rl;lk; :
 N\hgh uhzp v/s kJfu; nul;b (1998 VIMu; v];rp 121 )
,e;j tof;fpy;> Nky;KiwயீL nra;j N\hgh uhzp> jdJ fztu; kw;Wk; mtuJ FLk;gj;jpdu;
tujl;riz Nfl;ljhf Fw;wk; rhl;bdhu;. mtu; tutpUf;Fk; kUj;Jtu; vd;gjhy;> mtsplk;
nfhQ;rk; gzk; Nfl;gjpy; tprpj;jpukhf vJTk; ,y;iy vd cau;நீjpkd;wk; mtu;fspd;
Nfhupf;ifia epahag;gLj;jpaJ. ,Ug;gpDk;> cr;r நீjpkd;wk; me;jr; nraiy kdf;
nfhLikahff; fUjp> nfhLik vd;w nrhy; vq;Fk; tiuaWf;fg;gltpy;iy> ,J cz;ik
kw;Wk; msT gw;wpa Nfs;tp> mijj; jhq;Fk; egupd; kdjpy; mjd; jhf;fj;ij kl;LNk Cfpf;f
KbAk;. kw;Wk; ,e;j tof;fpy;> gpujpthjpapd; elj;ij Nky;Kiwயீl;lhsupd; jdpg;gl;l kw;Wk;
njhopy; tho;f;ifapy; kpfTk; Nkhrkhd jhf;fj;ij Vw;gLj;jpaJ. ,jdhy; mtSf;F kdf;
nfhLik ,iof;fg;gl;lJ vd;W KbT nra;ag;gl;lJ.

ngz;Zf;F vjpuhd nfhLikfs;

xU ngz;zpd; fztd; my;yJ fztdpd; cwtpdu; ngz;iz nfhLikf;F

cs;shf;Fjy; .
,e;jpa jz;lidr; rl;lk; > 1860>gpupT 468 m ,uz;L gpupTfshf gpupf;fg;gl;L ,e;jr;
rl;lj;jpy; gpupT 85 kw;Wk; gpupT 86 vdf; nfhLf;fg;gl;Ls;sd .

xU ngz;zpd; fztd; my;yJ fztdpd; cwtpdhuhf ,Ugtu; > mg;ngz;izf;

nfhLikf;F Mshf;Ffpd;wdu; vdpy;> mtiu %d;W Mz;Lfs; tiu நீl;bf;ff; $ba rpiwj;
jz;lidAld; jz;bf;f Ntz;Lk;. kw;Wk; mguhjk; tpjpf;fg;gl Ntz;Lk;.

(1 ) Ntz;Lnkd;Nw jq;fsJ elj;ij top mg;ngz;iz> mNdfkhf jw;nfhiy nra;J

nfhs;syhk; vd;w epiyf;F js;spf; nfhz;L nry;yy;> my;yJ fLikahd fhak; my;yJ
capUf;F> cly; cWg;Gf;F my;yJ MNuhf;fpaj;jpw;F (kd my;yJ cly; ரjpahdjhfNth)

Mgj;ij Vw;gLj;jf; $ba nraiyr; nra;aj; J}z;Ljy;. vLj;Jf;fhl;L:

njhlu;r;rpahf ,bj;Jiuj;jy;> gopj;jy;.
(2) ve;jnthU nrhj;J my;yJ kjpg;Gkpf;f gj;jpuk; njhlu;ghd> ve;jnthU rl;ltpNuhj
Nfhupf;ifiaAk; G+u;j;jp nra;a>my;yJ>
(3) kidtpapd; rk;gsk; KOtijAk; gwpj;Jf;nfhs;tJ>
(4 ) mtis my;yJ mtSld; njhlu;Gila ve;jnthU egiuAk; fl;lhag;gLj;Jk;
Nehf;fpy;> my;yJ>
 (5) mts; my;yJ mtSld; njhlu;Gila ve;jnthU egUk;> mj;jifa Nfhupf;ifia
G+u;j;jp nra;aj; jtwpa fhuzj;jpdhy;>
(6) > ,utpy; ntFNeuk; FbNghijapy; வl;
ீ bw;Fj; jpUk;GtJ kidtpf;F vjpuhff;
fz;bj;jhy; mtis miwtJ "nfhLik" MFk;.
mj;jifa ngz;iz Jd;GWj;jy; .

vLj;Jf;fhl;L: je;ijaplkpUe;J gzk; ngw;W tu fl;lhag;gLj;jp mbj;jy; my;yJ ngw;W tuhj

fhuzj;jhy; mbj;jy;.

xU nraypd; tpisT nfhLikah my;yJ ,y;iyah vd;gJ egUf;F egu; khWgLk;.

me;j egu; rhu;e;j r%f kw;Wk; nghUshjhu epiyia nghWj;Jk; khWgLk;. ,e;j gpuptpd; கீ o;
Fw;wj;ij cUthf;Fk; Nehf;fj;jpw;fhf "nfhLik" cly;ரjpahf ,Uf;f Ntz;bajpy;iy.
kdjstpy; rpj;jputij my;yJ mrhjhuz elj;ij $l xU Fwpg;gpl;l tof;fpy; nfhLik kw;Wk;
Jd;GWj;jy; vdf; fUjg;glyhk;.

Jd;GWj;jல :

cr;rநீjpkd;wk;: Me;jpu khepyk; vjpu; M. kJR+jd uht; 1 4989 (25 fl gpupT 85)
Nehf;fj;jpw;fhf Jd;GWj;jy; vd;gJ nfhLik my;y. xU ngz; my;yJ mtSld; njhlu;Gila
NtW ve;j egUk; nrhj;J Nghd;w rl;ltpNuhj Njitia G+u;j;jp nra;a Jd;GWj;Jk; NghJ> mJ
gpupT 498-m (,e;jr; rl;lj;jpy; gpupT 85) ,d; கீ o; jz;lidf;Fupa "nfhLik" MFk;.

njhlUk; Fw;wk; (Continuing offence): mUz; tpah]; vjpu; mdpjh tpah];

(Arun Vyas v. Anita Vyas; 1999 4 SCC 690) 498-1 (25 F 4 85) 82 Fw;wj;jpd; rhuhk;rk; nfhLik. ,J

xU njhlu;r;rpahd Fw;wkhFk;. xt;nthU re;ju;g;gj;jpYk; me;j ngz; nfhLikf;F

Mshf;fg;gl;lhy;> mtSf;F xU Gjpa fhy tuk;G (new starting point of limitation) njhlq;Fk;.

fle;j fhy rk;gtq;fs;: jpUkjp. gre;j; fTu; vjpu; khepyk; (Smt. Basant Kaur vs
State (Nct Of Delhi); 2003 CriLJ 803): 24 tho;e;J> Foe;ijfisg; ngw;W tsu;j;J> mjd; gpd;
fztd; nfhLik nra;jjhf Gfhu; nfhLj;jhu;. mtuJ Gfhupy; 24 tUlq;fs; ele;j xt;nthU
rk;gtq;fSk;> mtuJ fztu; kw;Wk; mtuJ khkpahu; kw;Wk; jpUkzkhd fztdpd;
rNfhjup மீ J nfhLik my;yJ Jd;GWj;jy; vdf; Fwpg;gplg;gl;lJ.

gpupT 498-m ,d; (,e;jr; rl;lj;jpy; gpupT 85) Nehf;fNkh my;yJ rl;lkpaw;wpajd;
Nehf;fNkh ,J my;y vd;W $wpa nly;yp cau; நீjpkd;wk;> gpupT 498-m (,e;jr; rl;lj;jpy; gpupT
85) vt;thW jtwhf kw;Wk; J\;gpuNahfk; nra;ag;glyhk; vd;gij ,e;j tof;F ntspg;gilahf
ep&gpf;fpd;wJ vd;Wk; fUj;J njuptpj;jJ.
tof;F rl;lk; :
ரkh mfu;thy; tof;fpy; Vs. 2004 Mk; Mz;L mDgk; kw;Wk; Xu;]; ரkhit mtuJ
fztu; mDgk;> khkpahu;> ikj;Jdu; kw;Wk; khkdhu; MfpNahu; Nghjpa tujl;riz toq;f
Kbahky; Jd;GWj;jpdu;. Fw;wk; rhl;lg;gl;ltu; ரkhit mtuJ thapy; mkpyk; kw;Wk; er;Rg;
nghUisf; nfhLj;J capiu kha;j;Jf; nfhs;Sk;gb fl;lhag;gLj;jpdhu;. Ke;ija rl;lg;G+u;t
jpUkzj;jpd; NghJ ,uz;lhtJ kidtpia jpUkzk; nra;J nfhs;Sk; fztu;> ரkh kw;Wk;
mDgk; ,UtUf;Fk; ,uz;lhtJ jpUkzk; vd;gjhy; gpupT 498A ,d; mu;j;jj;jpy; fztd;
my;y> vdNt ,uz;lhtJ kidtp ,ij miof;f KbahJ vd;W நீjpkd;wk; $wpaJ. gpupT.
Igprpapd; 307> 498A gpupTfspd; கீ o; Fw;wk; rhl;lg;gl;l Fw;wq;fspy; ,Ue;J gpujpthjpfs;
tpLtpf;fg;gl;ldu;.

Mz;fSf;F vjpuhd nfhLikfs;

xU kidtp jd; fztidf; nfhLikg;gLj;JtJ njhlu;ghd rl;lk; NtW topiag;

Nghy njspthf ,y;iy. ek; ehl;by; ngz;fis Mz;fNs Mjpf;fk; nrYj;jp tUtjhy;>
fztDf;F mtu;fs; nfhLik ,iog;gij ngz;fs; Vw;Wf;nfhs;tJ fbdk;. ,Ug;gpDk;>
ngz;fisg; gw;wpa tpopg;Gzu;T> ngz;zpaj;jpd; miy kw;Wk; ngz;fspd; fy;tp kw;Wk;
Rje;jpuk; mjpfupj;J tUtjhy;> ngz;fs; jq;fs; Njitfs; kw;Wk; Nfhupf;iffis G+u;j;jp nra;a
jq;fs; fztu;fSf;fhd rl;l tpjpfis jtwhf gad;gLj;jj; njhlq;fpAs;sdu;. ,e;jpa
நீjpkd;wq;fs; gyKiw ,ijf; Fwpg;gpl;L> kidtp nra;j kdf; nfhLikahy; fztd;khu;fis
tpthfuj;J nra;a mDkjpj;Js;sd.

(1) fztd; kw;Wk; mtdJ FLk;g cWg;gpdu;fSf;Fj; njuptpf;fhky; jd;

je;ijapd; ,lj;jpw;Fg; Gwg;gLjy;.2
(2) jpUkz NtWghLfs; Fwpj;J fztUf;F vjpuhf fhty; Jiw Gfhu; nra;jy;
(3) fztupd; mYtyf Kftupf;F mtu;fsJ jpUkz NtWghL Fwpj;J fbjk;
vOJjy;.2
(4) tpupTiuahsuhf ,Uf;Fk; mtuJ fztu; jahupj;j Kidtu; gl;l Ma;twpf;ifia
vupj;jy;.3
(5) cwtpdu;fs; kw;Wk; ez;gu;fs; Kd;dpiyapy; fztid Mz;ikaw;w egu; vd;W
miog;gJ.
(6) jw;nfhiy nra;J nfhs;tjhf kpul;ly; kw;Wk; fpupkpdy; tof;fpy; fztu; kw;Wk;
mtuJ FLk;gj;jpdiu <LgLj;Jjy;.4
(7) fztupd; KjyhspfSf;F (tq;fp) mtu; tq;fpapd; fbjj; jhisj; jdJ jdpg;gl;l
gad;ghl;bw;Fg; gad;gLj;Jfpwhu; vd;W Gfhuspj;jy;.5
(8) fztdpd; ez;gu;fSf;F Njநீu; jahu; nra;a kWj;jy;.5
 (9) fztUf;F vjpuhf [hமீ dpy; ntsptu Kbahj Fw;wq;fspd; jtwhd mwpf;iffis
kidtp jhf;fy; nra;jy;.

tof;F rl;lk; :
kidtp fztuplk; vg;NghJk; gzk; Nfl;Lk;> mijj; juhj xU tof;fpy;> mtiu
tujl;riz tof;fpy; ,Oj;J> Foe;ijfisf; nfhd;W> mjd; %yk; Fw;wk; rhl;Ltjhf
kpul;bajhf cr;r நீjpkd;wk; தீu;g;gspj;jJ. kidtp nra;j kdf; nfhLikahy; tpthfwJ
toq;fpaJ .

rl;lg;gpupT 498A-d; கீ o; xU ngz; Gfhu; mspj;j kw;nwhU tof;fpy;> tprhuizf;Fg;

gpwF நீjpkd;wk;> mtu; jdJ fztiuAk; mtuJ FLk;gj;jpdiuAk; rq;flg;gLj;jTk; rpiwapy;
js;sTk; nra;j Gfhu; jtwhdJ vd;W fz;lwpe;jJ. jtwhd tof;ifj; jhf;fy; nra;tJ
kidtpapd; nfh^ukhf fUjg;gl;ljhy; நீjpkd;wk; tpthfuj;J toq;fpaJ. epWtg;gl;l
eilKiwr; rl;lj;jpd;gb> xU kidtpapd; jtwhd Gfhu;fs; vg;NghJk; nfh^ukhdit.
tprhuizf;F gpd; mJ epuhfupf;fglyhk; .

KbTரை :

"ahiuAk; rpj;jputij nra;aNth> nfh^ukhfNth>

kdpjhgpkhdkw;wtuhfNth> ,opTgLj;jNth my;yJ jz;bf;fNth KbahJ."
,e;jg; gpd;dzpapy;> fztd; my;yJ kidtpapdhy; nfhLikg;gLj;jg;gLtJ
fz;zpak; kw;Wk; Rje;jpuj;jpw;fhd mbg;gil cupikia மீ WtjhFk;. ,e;jpa murpayikg;Gr;
rl;lk;> mjhtJ> ,e;jpahtpd; mbg;gil newpKiw> cWg;G 21-d; கீ o; thOk; cupikapd; xU
gFjpahf ,Ug;gjhy;> fz;zpaj;Jld; tho;tjw;fhd cupikia cj;juthjk; nra;fpwJ. cly;
kw;Wk; kd cisr;ry; kw;Wk; Jd;gj;ij kw;wtu;fSf;F Vw;gLj;JtJ kw;wtu;fisf;
fhag;gLj;Jtjw;F rkk;.
Reference :

https://blog.ipleaders.in/cruelty-as-a-ground-for-divorce/

https://blog.ipleaders.in/cruelty-under-the-hindu-law/