Electronics (F) QP

Electronics (F) PhysicsAndMathsTutor.
com
Questions are for both separate science and combined science students
unless indicated in the question
The figure below shows part of the National Grid linking a power station to consumers.
1.
(a) Name the parts of the figure above labelled A and B.
A _________________________________________________________________
B _________________________________________________________________
(2)
(b) Electricity is transmitted through A at a very high potential difference.
What is the advantage of transmitting electricity at a very high potential difference?
✓) one box.
Tick (✓
A high potential difference is safer for

consumers.
Less thermal energy is transferred to the

surroundings.
Power transmission is faster.
(1)
Page 1 of 48
Electronics (F) PhysicsAndMathsTutor.com
(c) The power station generates electricity at a potential difference of 25 000 V.
The energy transferred by the power station in one second is 500 000 000 J.
Calculate the charge flow from the power station in one second.
Use the equation:
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
Charge flow in one second = _______________ C

(2)
The electricity supply to a house has a potential difference of 230 V.
The table below shows the current in some appliances in the house.
Appliance Current in amps
Dishwasher 6.50
DVD player 0.10
Lamp 0.40
TV 0.20
(d) Calculate the total power of all the appliances in the table above.
Use the equation:
power = potential difference × current
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
Total power = _______________ W

(3)
Page 2 of 48
(e) Each appliance in the table above is switched on for 2 hours.
Which appliance will transfer the most energy?
Give a reason for your answer.
Appliance __________________________________________________________
Reason ____________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
(2)
(f) The average energy transferred from the National Grid every second for each person in the
UK is 600 J.
There are 32 000 000 seconds in one year.
Calculate the average energy transferred each year from the National Grid for each person
in the UK.
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
Average energy transferred = _______________ J

(2)
(Total 12 marks)
Page 3 of 48
A student investigated how the current in a circuit varied with the number of lamps connected in
2. parallel in the circuit.
Figure 1 shows the circuit with three identical lamps connected in parallel.
Figure 1
Figure 2 shows the results.
Figure 2
Page 4 of 48
(a) Complete the sentences.
Choose answers from the box.
Each answer can be used once, more than once or not at all.
decreased stayed the same increased
As the number of lamps increased, the current __________________.
As the number of lamps increased, the total resistance of the circuit

_____________________ .
As the number of lamps increased, the potential difference across the battery
_____________________ .
(3)
(b) When there were three lamps in the circuit the ammeter reading kept changing between
0.35 A and 0.36 A.
What type of error would this lead to?
✓) one box.
Tick (✓
Random error
Systematic error
Zero error
(1)
Figure 3 shows a circuit with five ammeters and three identical lamps.
Figure 3
Page 5 of 48
(c) Complete the table below to show the readings on ammeters A2 and A5.
Ammeter A1 A2 A3 A4 A5
Current in amps 0.36 0.12 0.12
(2)
(d) The resistance of one lamp is 15 Ω.
The current in the lamp is 0.12 A.
Calculate the power output of the lamp.
Use the equation:
power = (current)2 × resistance
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
Power = _______________ W
(2)
(Total 8 marks)
A student investigated how the resistance of a piece of nichrome wire varies with length.
3.
Figure 1 shows part of the circuit the student used.
Figure 1
(a) Complete Figure 1 by adding an ammeter and a voltmeter.
Use the correct circuit symbols.

(3)
Page 6 of 48
(b) Describe how the student would obtain the data needed for the investigation.
Your answer should include a risk assessment for one hazard in the investigation.
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
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(6)
(c) Why would switching off the circuit between readings have improved the accuracy of the
student’s investigation?
Tick one box.
The charge flow through the wire would not change.
The potential difference of the battery would not increase.
The power output of the battery would not increase.
The temperature of the wire would not change.
(1)
Page 7 of 48
(d) The student used crocodile clips to make connections to the wire.
They could have used a piece of equipment called a ‘jockey’.
Figure 2 shows a crocodile clip and a jockey in contact with a wire.
Figure 2
How would using the jockey have affected the accuracy and resolution of the student’s
results compared to using the crocodile clip?
Tick two boxes.
The accuracy of the student’s results would be higher.
The accuracy of the student’s results would be lower.
The accuracy of the student’s results would be the same.
The resolution of the length measurement would be higher.
The resolution of the length measurement would be lower.
The resolution of the length measurement would be the same.
(2)
(Total 12 marks)
Page 8 of 48
Figure 1 shows a lift inside a building.
4.
Figure 1
(a) The motor in the lift does 120 000 J of work in 8.0 seconds.
Calculate the power output of the motor in the lift.
Use the equation:
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
Power output = _____________________ W

(2)
Page 9 of 48
(b) The power input to the motor is greater than the power output.
Tick two reasons why.
Energy is transferred in heating the surroundings.
Friction causes energy to be transferred in non-useful ways.
The motor is connected to the mains electricity supply.
The motor is more than 100% efficient.
There are only four people in the lift.
(2)
(c) Figure 2 shows part of the circuit that operates the lift motor.
Figure 2
The lift can be operated using either of the two switches.
Explain why.
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
(2)
Page 10 of 48
(d) Write down the equation that links gravitational field strength, gravitational potential energy,
height and mass.
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
(1)
(e) The lift goes up 14 m. The total mass of the people in the lift is 280 kg.
gravitational field strength = 9.8 N/kg
Calculate the increase in gravitational potential energy of the people in the lift.
Give your answer to 2 significant figures.
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
Increase in gravitational potential energy = ______________________ J

(3)
(Total 10 marks)
Figure 1 shows a student walking on a carpet. (separate only)

5.
Figure 1
Page 11 of 48
(a) The student becomes negatively charged because of the friction between her socks and
the carpet.
Explain why the friction causes the student to become charged. (separate only)
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
(2)
(b) The student’s head is represented by the sphere in Figure 2.
The student is negatively charged. The arrow shows part of the electric field around the
student’s head.
Draw three more arrows on Figure 2 to complete the electric field pattern. (separate only)
Figure 2
(1)
(c) The negatively charged student touches a metal tap and receives an electric shock.
Explain why. (separate only)
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
(3)
Page 12 of 48
(d) Some carpets have thin copper wires running through them. The student is less likely to
receive an electric shock after walking on this type of carpet.
Suggest why. (separate only)
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
(2)
(Total 8 marks)
The figure below shows a house with a solar power system.

6.
The solar cells generate electricity.
When the electricity generated by the solar cells is not needed, the energy is stored in a large
battery.
(a) The solar cells on the roof of the house always face in the same direction.
Explain one disadvantage caused by the solar cells only facing in one direction.
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
(2)
Page 13 of 48
(b) The mean current from the solar cells to the battery is 3.5 A.
Calculate the charge flow from the solar cells to the battery in 3600 seconds.
Use the equation:
charge flow = current × time
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
Charge flow = _______________ C

(2)
(c) Write down the equation which links efficiency, total power input and useful power output.
___________________________________________________________________
(1)
(d) At one time in the day, the total power input to the solar cells was 7500 W.
The efficiency of the solar cells was 0.16
Calculate the useful power output of the solar cells.
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
Useful power output = _______________ W

(3)
(e) The wasted energy that is not usefully transferred by the solar cells is dissipated.
What happens to energy that has been dissipated?
✓) one box.
Tick (✓
The energy becomes less useful.
The energy is destroyed.
The energy is used to generate electricity.
(1)
Page 14 of 48
(f) Why is it unlikely that all the UK’s electricity needs could be met by solar power systems?
✓) one box.
Tick (✓
A very large area would need to be covered with

solar cells.
Solar power is a non-renewable energy

resource.
The efficiency of solar cells is too high.
(1)
(Total 10 marks)
The photograph below shows an electric car being recharged.

7.
(a) The charging station applies a direct potential difference across the battery of the car.
What does ‘direct potential difference’ mean?
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
(1)
Page 15 of 48
(b) Which equation links energy transferred (E), power (P) and time (t)?
✓) one box.
Tick (✓
energy transferred = power × time
energy transferred = power2 × time
(1)
(c) The battery in the electric car can store 162 000 000 J of energy.
The charging station has a power output of 7200 W.
Calculate the time taken to fully recharge the battery from zero.
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
Time taken = _______________ s

(3)
(d) Which equation links current (I), potential difference (V) and resistance (R)?
✓) one box.
Tick (✓
I=V×R
I=V2×R
R=I×V
V=I×R
(1)
Page 16 of 48
(e) The potential difference across the battery is 480 V.
There is a current of 15 A in the circuit connecting the battery to the motor of the electric
car.
Calculate the resistance of the motor.
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
Resistance = _______________ Ω
(3)
(f) Different charging systems use different electrical currents.
• Charging system A has a current of 13 A.

• Charging system B has a current of 26 A.
• The potential difference of both charging systems is 230 V.
How does the time taken to recharge a battery using charging system A compare with the
time taken using charging system B?
✓) one box.
Tick (✓
Time taken using system A is half the time of system B
Time taken using system A is the same as system B
Time taken using system A is double the time of system B
(1)
(Total 10 marks)
Page 17 of 48
Student A investigated how the current in resistor R at constant temperature varied with the
8. potential difference across the resistor.
Student A recorded both positive and negative values of current.
Figure 1 shows the circuit Student A used.
Figure 1
(a) Describe a method that Student A could use for this investigation.
___________________________________________________________________
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(6)
Page 18 of 48
(b) Student B repeated the investigation.
During Student B’s investigation the temperature of resistor R increased.
Explain how the increased temperature of resistor R would have affected Student B’s
results.
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
(2)
Figure 2 shows the scale on a moving coil ammeter at one time in the investigation.
Figure 2
(c) What is the resolution of the moving coil ammeter?
Resolution = __________ A
(1)
(d) Student B replaced the moving coil ammeter with a digital ammeter.
Figure 3 shows the reading on the digital ammeter.
Figure 3
The digital ammeter has a higher resolution than the moving coil ammeter.
Give one other reason why it would have been better to use the digital ammeter throughout
this investigation.
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
(1)
(Total 10 marks)
Page 19 of 48
The diagram below shows how the National Grid connects power stations to consumers.
9.
(a) Name the parts of the National Grid labelled K, L and M.
K = _____________________________________________
L = _____________________________________________
M = _____________________________________________
(3)
Figure 1 shows how the percentage of electricity generated by gas-fired power stations changed
in the UK over 5 years.
Figure 1
(b) Calculate how many times greater the percentage of electricity generated by gas-fired
power stations was in 2018 than in 2014.
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
Number of times greater = _______________

(2)
Page 20 of 48
(c) Explain one environmental effect of generating electricity using a gas-fired power station.
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
(2)
(d) The UK government wants more electricity to be generated using renewable energy
resources.
What is a renewable energy resource?
✓) one box.
Tick (✓
An energy resource that can be burned
An energy resource that can be recycled
An energy resource that can be replenished quickly
An energy resource that can be reused
(1)
Page 21 of 48
(e) An offshore wind farm is a group of wind turbines that are placed out at sea.
Figure 2 shows the power output of an offshore wind farm compared with a wind farm on
land for a 24-hour period.
Figure 2
Give two advantages of the offshore wind farm compared with the wind farm on land.
Use information from Figure 2.
1 _________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
2 _________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
(2)
(Total 10 marks)
Page 22 of 48
Figure 1 shows a circuit diagram.
10.
Figure 1
(a) In which position could a switch be placed so that both lamps can be switched on or off at
the same time?
✓) one box.
Tick (✓
J K L M
(1)
(b) Draw the circuit symbol for a switch in the box below.
(1)
(c) In 30 seconds, 24 coulombs of charge flow through the battery.
Calculate the current in the battery.
Use the equation:
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
Current = ___________________________ A
(2)
Page 23 of 48
(d) There is a potential difference of 3.6 V across the battery.
Calculate the energy transferred by the battery when 60 coulombs of charge flows through
the battery.
Use the equation:
energy transferred = charge flow × potential difference
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
Energy transferred = ___________________________ J

(2)
A student built Circuit X and Circuit Y shown in Figure 2.
The components used in each circuit were identical.
Figure 2
(e) How would the reading on the ammeter in Circuit Y compare to the reading on the
ammeter in Circuit X?
✓) one box.
Tick (✓
The reading in Y would be higher.
The reading in Y would be lower.
The readings would be the same.
(1)
Page 24 of 48
(f) How does the total resistance of Circuit Y compare with the total resistance of Circuit X?
✓) one box.
Tick (✓
The total resistance of Y is greater.
The total resistance of Y is less.
The total resistance is the same.
(1)
The student built another circuit which is shown in Figure 3.
Figure 3
(g) Write down the equation which links current, potential difference and resistance.
___________________________________________________________________
(1)
(h) There is a potential difference of 3.6 V across the lamp in Figure 3.
The current through the lamp is 0.80 A
Calculate the resistance of the lamp.
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
Resistance = ___________________________ Ω
(3)
(Total 12 marks)
Page 25 of 48
The ancient Greeks thought that atoms were tiny spheres that could not be divided into anything
11. smaller.
Since then, different discoveries have led to the model of the atom changing.
Some of the discoveries are given in the table below.
The mass of an atom is concentrated in the nucleus. A
Electrons orbit the nucleus at specific distances. B
The nucleus contains neutrons. C
The nucleus contains positively charged protons. D
(a) Which discovery was the earliest?
✓) one box.
Tick (✓
A B C D
(1)
(b) Which discovery was the most recent?
✓) one box.
Tick (✓
A B C D
(1)
Page 26 of 48
(c) The alpha particle scattering experiment led to the nuclear model of the atom.
The figure below shows the paths of alpha particles travelling close to a gold nucleus.
Complete the sentences.
Each answer may be used once, more than once or not at all.
attracts decreases does not change
increases reflects repels
Alpha particles and gold nuclei are both positively charged.
The gold nucleus _________________________________ the alpha particles.
As the alpha particle approaches the gold nucleus, the electric field strength
experienced by the alpha particle _________________________________.
As an alpha particle approaches the gold nucleus, the force
experienced by the alpha particle _________________________________.

(3)
Page 27 of 48
(d) The results of the alpha particle scattering experiment were reproducible.
What does reproducible mean?
✓) one box.
Tick (✓
Another scientist repeats the experiment and gets the same results.
Another scientist repeats the experiment and gets different results.
The same scientist repeats the experiment and gets the same
results.
The same scientist repeats the experiment and gets different

results.
(1)
(Total 6 marks)
Light bulbs are labelled with a power input.

12.
(a) What does power input mean?
✓) one box.
Tick (✓
The charge transferred each second by the bulb.
The current through the bulb.
The energy transferred each second to the bulb.
The potential difference across the bulb.
(1)
(b) Write down the equation which links current, potential difference and power.
___________________________________________________________________
(1)
Page 28 of 48
(c) A light bulb has a power input of 40 W
The mains potential difference is 230 V
Calculate the current in the light bulb.
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
Current = ________________________________ A
(3)
The following table shows information about three different light bulbs.
Total power Useful power

Light bulb Efficiency
input in watts output in watts
P 6.0 5.4 0.90
Q 40 2.0 0.05
R 9.0 X 0.30
(d) Write down the equation which links efficiency, total power input and useful power output.
___________________________________________________________________
(1)
(e) Calculate the value of X in the table above.
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
X = ___________________________ W
(3)
(f) In addition to power input, light bulbs should also be labelled with the rate at which they
emit visible light.
Suggest why.
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
(2)
(Total 11 marks)
Page 29 of 48
The photograph below shows an LED torch.
13.
(a) The torch contains one LED, one switch and three cells.
Which diagram shows the correct circuit for the torch?
✓) one box.
Tick (✓
(1)
(b) Write down the equation which links charge flow (Q), current (I) and time (t).
___________________________________________________________________
(1)
(c) The torch worked for 14 400 seconds before the cells needed replacing.
The current in the LED was 50 mA.
Calculate the total charge flow through the cells.
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
Total charge flow = _______________ C

(3)
Page 30 of 48
(d) When replaced, the cells were put into the torch the wrong way around.
Explain why the torch did not work.
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
(2)
(e) Write down the equation which links efficiency, total power input and useful power output.
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
(1)
(f) The total power input to the LED was 0.24 W.
The efficiency of the LED was 0.75
Calculate the useful power output of the LED.
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
Useful power output = _______________ W

(3)
(Total 11 marks)
The diagram below shows a hydroelectric power station.

14.
Electricity is generated when water from the reservoir flows through the turbines.
Page 31 of 48
(a) Write down the equation which links density (ρ), mass (m) and volume (V).
___________________________________________________________________
(1)
(b) The reservoir stores 6 500 000 m3 of water.
The density of the water is 998 kg/m3.
Calculate the mass of water in the reservoir.
Give your answer in standard form.
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
Mass (in standard form) = _______________ kg

(4)
(c) Write down the equation which links energy transferred (E), power (P) and time (t).
___________________________________________________________________
(1)
(d) The electrical generators can provide 1.5 × 109 W of power for a maximum of 5 hours.
Calculate the maximum energy that can be transferred by the electrical generators.
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
Energy transferred = _______________ J

(3)
Page 32 of 48
(e) The graph below shows how the UK demand for electricity increases and decreases during
one day.
The hydroelectric power station in the above diagram can provide 1.5 × 109 W of power for
a maximum of 5 hours.
Give two reasons why this hydroelectric power station is not able to meet the increase in
demand shown between 04:00 and 16:00 in above graph.
1 _________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
2 _________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
(2)
(Total 11 marks)
A student investigated how the current in a filament lamp varied with the potential difference
15. across the filament lamp.
The diagram below shows part of the circuit used.
Page 33 of 48
(a) Complete above diagram by adding an ammeter and a voltmeter.
Use the correct circuit symbols.

(3)
The graph below shows some of the results.
(b) The student reversed the connections to the power supply and obtained negative values for
the current and potential difference.
Draw a line on the graph to show the relationship between the negative values of current
and potential difference.
(2)
(c) Write down the equation which links current (I), potential difference (V) and resistance (R).
___________________________________________________________________
(1)
(d) Determine the resistance of the filament lamp when the potential difference across it is 1.0
V.
Use data from the graph above.
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
Resistance = _______________ Ω
(4)
Page 34 of 48
(e) A second student did the same investigation. The ammeter used had a zero error.
What is meant by a zero error?
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
(1)
(Total 11 marks)
A student heated water in an electric kettle.

16.
(a) Water has a high specific heat capacity.
Complete the sentence.
°C J kg s W
The specific heat capacity of a substance is the energy needed to raise the
temperature of 1 __________ of the substance by 1 __________.

(2)
(b) The kettle circuit contains a thermistor which is used to switch the kettle off when the water
reaches 100 °C.
What is the correct symbol for a thermistor?
✓) one box.
Tick (✓
(1)
Page 35 of 48
(c) The resistance of the heating element in the kettle is 15 Ω.
The current in the heating element is 12 A.
Calculate the power of the heating element.
Use the equation:
power = (current)2 × resistance
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
Power = _______________ W
(2)
The student investigated how quickly the kettle could increase the temperature of 0.50 kg of
water.
The graph below shows the results of the investigation.
Page 36 of 48
(d) The temperature of the water did not start to increase until 10 seconds after the kettle was
switched on.
What is the reason for this?
✓) one box.
Tick (✓
Energy is transferred from the surroundings to the kettle.
The charge flows slowly through the kettle circuit.
The heating element in the kettle takes time to heat up.
The power output of the kettle increases slowly.
(1)
(e) Describe a method the student could have used to obtain the results shown in the graph.
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
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(6)
Page 37 of 48
(f) The mass of water in the kettle was 0.50 kg.
The temperature of the water increased from 20 °C to 100 °C.
specific heat capacity of water = 4200 J/kg/°C
Calculate the energy transferred to the water.
Use the Physics Equations Sheet.
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
Energy = _______________ J
(3)
(g) The water in the kettle boiled for a short time before the kettle switched off.
During this time 5.0 g of water changed to steam.
specific latent heat of vaporisation of water = 2 260 000 J/kg
Calculate the energy transferred to change the water to steam.
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
Energy = _______________ J
(3)
(Total 18 marks)
Page 38 of 48
A student investigated how the total resistance of identical resistors connected in series varied
17. with the number of resistors.
The student used an ohmmeter to measure the total resistance of the resistors.
The diagram below shows the student’s circuit with 3 resistors.
The student repeated each reading of resistance three times.
The table below shows the student’s results for 3 resistors in series.
Total resistance in Ω
Number of
resistors
Reading 1 Reading 2 Reading 3 Mean
3 35.9 36.0 36.1 36.0
(a) Calculate the mean resistance of 1 resistor.
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
Resistance = _______________ Ω
(2)
(b) What was the resolution of the ohmmeter the student used?
✓) one box.
Tick (✓
0.1 Ω 0.2 Ω 1.1 Ω 36.0 Ω
(1)
Page 39 of 48
(c) How do the results show that the student’s measurements were precise?
✓) one box.
Tick (✓
The measurements are accurate.
The measurements are grouped closely together.
The measurements are reproducible.
(1)
The graph below shows the results.
(d) How do the results show that the total resistance is directly proportional to the number of
resistors?
✓) one box.
Tick (✓
The results give a line with a positive gradient.
The results give a straight line that would go through the origin.
The results show a linear relationship.
(1)
Page 40 of 48
(e) Predict the mean total resistance of 7 resistors.
Use the graph above.
Mean total resistance of 7 resistors = _______________ Ω

(1)
(f) Some resistors are connected in series with a battery.
When more resistors are added in series, the total resistance increases.
Complete the sentences.
Each answer may be used once, more than once or not at all.
decreases increases remains the same
When the number of resistors increases, the potential difference across each
resistor _______________.
When the number of resistors increases, the current in the circuit
______________________________.
(2)
(Total 8 marks)
The diagram shows part of a lighting circuit in a house.

18.
(a) What is the frequency of the ac mains electricity supply in the UK?
✓) one box.
Tick (✓
20 Hz 50 Hz 60 Hz 100 Hz
(1)
Page 41 of 48
(b) The mains electricity supply has an alternating potential difference.
Which diagram shows an alternating potential difference?
✓) one box.
Tick (✓
(1)
(c) The potential difference across the lamp is 230 V.
The current in the lamp is 0.020 A.
Calculate the power output of the lamp.
Use the equation:
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
Power = _______________ W
(2)
(d) The potential difference across the lamp is 230 V.
Calculate the energy transferred by the lamp when 180 C of charge flows through the lamp.
Use the equation:
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
Energy transferred = _______________ J

(2)
Page 42 of 48
(e) An electrician needs to replace the light switch in the diagram above.
Describe the possible hazard and the risk to the electrician of changing the light switch.
Hazard
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
Risk
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
(2)
(Total 8 marks)
The graph below shows how the current through a filament lamp changes after the lamp is
19. switched on.
(a) The normal current through the filament lamp is 1.5 A.
For how many seconds is the current through the filament lamp greater than 1.5 A?
Tick one box.
0.01 s
0.08 s
0.09 s
0.14 s
(1)
Page 43 of 48
(b) Why might the filament inside a lamp melt when the lamp is first switched on?
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
(1)
(c) The lamp is connected to a 24 V power supply. The current through the lamp is 1.5 A.
Calculate the power of the lamp.
Use the equation:
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
Power = ______________________ W
(2)
(d) LED lamps are much more efficient than filament lamps.
What does this statement mean?
Tick one box.
LED lamps have a similar power output to filament lamps.
LED lamps waste a smaller proportion of the input energy

than filament lamps.
LED lamps have a higher power input than filament lamps.
LED lamps waste a larger proportion of the input energy

than filament lamps.
(1)
(Total 5 marks)
Page 44 of 48
(a) Draw a diagram to show how 1.5 V cells should be connected together to give a potential
20. difference of 4.5 V.
Use the correct circuit symbol for a cell.
(2)
A student built the circuit shown in the diagram below.
(b) Calculate the total resistance of the circuit in the diagram above.
Use the equation:
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
Total resistance = _______________________ Ω

(2)
Page 45 of 48
(c) The resistance of P is 3.5 Ω.
Calculate the resistance of Q.
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
Resistance of Q = ______________________ Ω
(1)
(d) The student connects the two resistors in the diagram above in parallel.
What happens to the total resistance of the circuit?
Tick one box.
It decreases
It increases
It does not change
(1)
Give a reason for your answer.
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
(1)
(Total 7 marks)
Page 46 of 48
The plug of an electrical appliance contains a fuse.
21.
(a) What is the correct circuit symbol for a fuse?
Tick one box.
(1)
(b) The appliance is connected to the mains electrical supply. The mains potential difference is
230 V.
Calculate the energy transferred when 13 C of charge flows through the appliance.
Use the equation:
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
Energy transferred = _______________________ J

(2)
The diagram below shows the structure of a fuse.
(c) Write down the equation that links charge flow, current and time.
___________________________________________________________________
(1)
Page 47 of 48
(d) The fuse wire melts when 1.52 coulombs of charge flows through the fuse in 0.40 seconds.
Calculate the current at which the fuse wire melts.
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
Current = _______________________ A
(3)
(e) The mass of the fuse wire is 0.00175 kg. The specific latent heat of fusion of the fuse wire
is 205 000 J/kg.
Calculate the energy needed to melt the fuse wire.
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
Energy = _______________________ J
(2)
(Total 9 marks)
Page 48 of 48

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Electronics (F) PhysicsAndMathsTutor.

(a) Name the parts of the figure above labelled A and B.

(b) Electricity is transmitted through A at a very high potential difference.

What is the advantage of transmitting electricity at a very high potential difference?

A high potential difference is safer for

Less thermal energy is transferred to the

Power transmission is faster.

Use the equation:

Charge flow in one second = _______________ C

The electricity supply to a house has a potential difference of 230 V.

Appliance Current in amps

DVD player 0.10

Use the equation:

power = potential difference × current

Total power = _______________ W

Which appliance will transfer the most energy?

Give a reason for your answer.

There are 32 000 000 seconds in one year.

Average energy transferred = _______________ J

Figure 2 shows the results.

Choose answers from the box.

decreased stayed the same increased

As the number of lamps increased, the current __________________.

As the number of lamps increased, the total resistance of the circuit

What type of error would this lead to?

Current in amps 0.36 0.12 0.12

(d) The resistance of one lamp is 15 Ω.

The current in the lamp is 0.12 A.

Calculate the power output of the lamp.

Use the equation:

power = (current)2 × resistance

(a) Complete Figure 1 by adding an ammeter and a voltmeter.

Use the correct circuit symbols.

Tick one box.

The charge flow through the wire would not change.

The potential difference of the battery would not increase.

The power output of the battery would not increase.

The temperature of the wire would not change.

They could have used a piece of equipment called a ‘jockey’.

Figure 2 shows a crocodile clip and a jockey in contact with a wire.

Tick two boxes.

The accuracy of the student’s results would be higher.

The accuracy of the student’s results would be lower.

The accuracy of the student’s results would be the same.

The resolution of the length measurement would be higher.

The resolution of the length measurement would be lower.

The resolution of the length measurement would be the same.

Calculate the power output of the motor in the lift.

Use the equation:

Power output = _____________________ W

Tick two reasons why.

Energy is transferred in heating the surroundings.

Friction causes energy to be transferred in non-useful ways.

The motor is connected to the mains electricity supply.

The motor is more than 100% efficient.

There are only four people in the lift.

The lift can be operated using either of the two switches.

gravitational field strength = 9.8 N/kg

Give your answer to 2 significant figures.

Increase in gravitational potential energy = ______________________ J