SABANSI HEALTH SCIENCE COLLEGE

DEPARTMENT OF PHARMACY
SKILL GAP TRAINING FOR PHARMACY LEVEL IV
CANDIDATES

Prepared By Tena Tilki

(B.Pharm, Chief Pharmacist, Msc Candidate in PSCM)

Based on Ethiopian Occupational Standards, 2022

AUGUST 1, 2024
SABANSI HEALTH SCIENCE COLLEGE
Nekemte, Oromia, Ethiopia
 Sabansi Health Science College, Nekemte Campus

Practical Part
Project 1: Assisting Extemporaneous Preparations
Project Information:

Given the necessary tools, equipment and information, you are expected to perform the following .

Project 1: Prepare Iodine Tincture Disinfectant

Instruction: Under this project you are expected to perform the task based on the information provided

Iodine Tincture (Weak Iodine Solution

Ingredients Master formula Reduced Formula

Iodine 25g
Potassium Iodide 25g
Purified Water 25 g
Alcohol 90% to 1000 mL
Procedure: Dissolve the potassium iodide and the iodine in the purified water and add sufficient
ethanol(90%) to produce 250 ml iodine tincture.

Task under this project

The candidate is expected to perform the following tasks:

Task 1: Calculate and weigh/measure each ingredient

Task 2: Select and maintain appropriate equipment for compounding task

Task 3: Perform the preparation by following the correct procedure

Task 4: Labeling of the compounded product, filling and documentation

Task 1: Calculate and weigh/measure each ingredient

▪ Derive (Calculate) a working formula from master formula based on the desired(send) quantity.
Given: Send(desired) quantity = 250 mL
Quantity in Master Formula = 1000 mL
𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑡𝑦 𝑜𝑓 𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑚𝑢𝑙𝑎 𝑑𝑒𝑠𝑖𝑟𝑒𝑑 250
Then we can calculate Conversion Factor = 𝑄𝑢𝑎𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑡𝑦 𝑜𝑓 = 1000=0.25
𝑀𝑎𝑠𝑡𝑒𝑟 𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑚𝑢𝑙𝑎

Ingredients Master Formula Conversion Factor Working Formula

Iodine 25 g 0.25 6.25 g
Potassium Iodide 25 g 0.25 6.25 g
Purified water 25 g 0.25 6.25 mL

Model Practical and Knowledge Assessment for Pharmacy Level IV Candidates By Tena T.Tolera 2
 Sabansi Health Science College, Nekemte Campus

Ethanol 90% to 1000 mL 250 mL

Prepare the required quantity of ethanol 90% from the given stock solution of ethanol (example 96%)
used/needed in the preparation of Iodine tincture.

Procedure(step):

Step 1: Check the initial concentration of stock solution of ethanol you are using.

Step 2: Determine the volume of the ethanol solution that needs to be prepared

Step 3: Calculate the total volume of ethanol from stock solution required to make a dilute ethanol

solution by applying the following formula: C1V1 = C2V2

Where, C1 and V1 are concentration and volume of stock solution respectively

C2 and V2 are concentration and volume of dilute preparation, respectively

To make a 250 ml of 90% ethanol solution from 96% stock ethanol solution:

Given: C2=90%, V2=250 mL, C1=96%, V1=?

By using dilution method

𝐶2𝑉2 90% 𝑥 250 𝑚𝐿

𝑉1 = = = 234.375 ≈ 𝟐𝟑𝟒. 𝟒 𝒎𝑳
𝐶1 96%
Therefore, you must mix 234.4 ml of ethanol (96%) with sufficient water to make a total of 250 mL
mixture with 70% ethanol

Step 4: Measure the calculated volume of stock solution of ethanol and pour to the container containing
the required volume of water

Step 5: Gently shake the mixture using paddles

Step 6: Verify the desired concentration of solution

Storage:

◙ Store in a cool and well-ventilated room and away from flames.

◙ Solutions should be stored in proper containers to avoid the evaporation of alcohols.

Safety and Precautions:

 Alcohols are volatile and flammable and must not be used near open flames
 Bottles with alcohol-containing solutions must be clearly labelled to avoid their accidental use
and autoclaving

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 Sabansi Health Science College, Nekemte Campus

 Since alcohol is flammable, limit its use as a surface disinfectant to small surface-areas and use it
in well-ventilated spaces only.
 Prolonged and repeated use of alcohol as a disinfectant can also cause discoloration, swelling,
hardening and cracking of rubber and certain plastics.

Task 2: Select and maintain appropriate equipment for compounding task

Equipment needed:

 Beam/digital balance
 Watch glass
 Spoon spatula
 Amber colored medicinal bottle
 Glass mortar and pestle
 Measuring cylinder
 droppers and paper

Role ingredients:

• Iodine: Active ingredient (anti-septic and disinfectant)

• Potassium iodide: to enhance solubility of iodine
• Purified water: as drug carrier/Solvent
• Ethanol 90%: as an anti-septic and to make volume up to the mark/Vehicle

Task 3: Perform the preparation by following the correct procedure

Procedure For Compounding Iodine Tincture:

1. Wear gown and wash your hands

2. Wear all Personal protective Equipment (glove, mask)
3. Clean lab bench
4. Collect necessary equipment’s
5. Develop your working formula
6. Tare the bottle to the desired volume by using purified water
7. Adjust beam balance /digital beam balance and Weigh potassium iodide on paper and iodine on
watch glass.
8. Measure purified water and ethanol 90%
9. Dissolve potassium iodide and purified water in mortar and pestle then add iodine and mix together
10. Transfer to the final tarred bottle and make final volume needed
11. Shake well and then store in a closed wall container
12. Label it properly
13. Store the preparation at appropriate place
14. Clean the working equipment and environment
15. Complete the Recordings and documentation

Actions and Uses:

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 Sabansi Health Science College, Nekemte Campus

 Act as anti-septic and disinfectant for minor cuts, wounds and abrasions

Direction for Use: Apply to the affected part with cotton wool or a small brush

Auxiliary Labels:

 For external use only

 Do not cover and use on open wounds

 Protect from light

 Keep out of reach of children

Storage: Store in a closed container to protect from heat and light

Precautions:

 All the glassware should be clean

 Handle iodine carefully as it had staining property
 Dissolve potassium iodide by adding small amount each time
 Add iodine pinch by pinch to dissolve completely

Task 4: Labeling of the compounded product, filling and documentation

Sample Label for Iodine Tincture, B.P

Iodine Tincture B.P.
250 mL
Iodine--------------------------6.25 g
Potassium Iodide-------------6.25 g
Purified water ----------------6.25 mL
Use: as an antiseptic for minor cuts
Directions: apply affected area with a cotton wool or a small brush
Store in a well closed container at cool or dry place
For Externally use only
Do not use on open wounds
Keep out of the reach of children
Date of Preparation:14/12/2016 E.C.
Beyond Use Date:28/12/2016 E.C.
Place of Preparation: Sabansi College Skill Lab

Documentation
Compounding Record/Compounding sheet/
Name of the dispensary/health institution _______________________________Date _____________
Batch number/control number: _____________________________ Batch quantity _______________

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 Sabansi Health Science College, Nekemte Campus

Description of Ingredients Name or initials of the

person in charge
Name Source Batch number Quantity

Description of the steps of the preparation

Results of QC Procedures
Beyond use Date:
Yield:
Loss:
Reason for loss:
Prepared By Name: ------------------------------------------------------Signature:--------------Date:------
End control before release of the product
Parameters Comment

Approved By Name:-------------------------------------------------Signature:--------------------Date:---------

Compounding of Topical dosage forms

▪ The topical delivery system refers to a method in which the formulation is applied to the
superficial areas such as the skin, eyes, nose and vagina for the treatment of local diseases.
▪ The main goal of topical skin delivery is confining the pharmacological or other effect of the drug
to the surface of the skin or within the skin.
▪ In addition they are preferred because they are protective, and emollient to exert local activity
when applied to the skin or mucous membranes.

Topical dosage forms are classified into three major categories.

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 Sabansi Health Science College, Nekemte Campus

Semisolid Dosage Forms

▪ Semi-solid dosage forms, for topical use, are generally presented in the form of creams, gels,
ointments, or pastes.
▪ They are prepared from one or more active ingredients dissolved or uniformly dispersed in a
suitable base and any suitable excipients such as emulsifiers, viscosity increasing agents,
antimicrobial agents, antioxidants, or stabilizing agents.

Compounding of Ointments

Definition:

Ointments are defined as homogenous, semisolid preparations intended for external application to the
skin or mucous membrane that provides emollient, protective, therapeutic or prophylactic functions.

Ointment base:

Ointment base is a vehicle or carrier for the medicament which helps for spreading, absorption and
penetration of the medicament.

There are two distinct purposes for an ointment base:

As a vehicle from which drugs may be absorbed by the skin

As a protective or emollient for the skin.

Qualities/properties of an ideal ointment base: -

Should:

not interfere with wound healing.

have low sensitization index.
Be pharmaceutically elegant.
release the medicament efficiently at the site of application.
have low index of irritation.
be non-dehydrating, nongreasy and neutral in reaction.
possess good keeping qualities.

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 Sabansi Health Science College, Nekemte Campus

be compatible with common medicaments.

be easily washable with water.
have minimum number of ingredients.
be easy to compound and remain stable on storage.
be cheap

Classification of ointment base:

a) Oleagenous (Hydrocarbon) bases:

• These are entirely lipophilic (oily).
• For example: Vaseline, hard paraffin, liquid paraffin, white ointment
b) Absorption bases:
• These are entirely hydrophilic, i.e can absorb water.
• For example: Wool fat, wool alcohol, lanolin
c) Water miscible bases:
• Easily removed after application,
• Example: Emulsifying ointment IP.
Cetrimide emulsifying ointment BP
d) Water soluble bases (washable):
For example:
• Macrogol 200, 300, 400: Viscous liquid.
• Macrogol 1500 : Greasy semisolids
• Macrogol 1540, 3000, 4000, 6000 : Waxy solids
 What are the factors which should be considered while selection of an ointment base?

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 Sabansi Health Science College, Nekemte Campus

 What are the methods of preparation of ointment?

1. Ointment prepared by fusion method

2. Ointment prepared by trituration

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 Sabansi Health Science College, Nekemte Campus

Project -2: Prepare zinc oxide ointment 30g based on the following master formula

Project information;

Instruction: Under this project the candidate is expected to perform compounding of Zinc Oxide ointment
following the procedure. Levigate the zinc oxide with the mineral oil to a smooth paste and then
incorporate white ointment.

Ingredients Master Formula Working Formula

Zinc Oxide 200 g
Mineral oil 150 g
White Ointment 650 g
Total 1000 g Send = 30 g

Task under this project

The candidate is expected to perform the following tasks:

Task 1: Calculate the quantities of each ingredient required for compounding

Task 2: Select and maintain appropriate equipment for compounding task

Task 3: Perform compounding of Zinc Oxide ointment

Task 4: Prepare Labeling for prepared products

Task 1: Calculate the quantities of each ingredient required for compounding

▪ Derive (Calculate) a working formula from master formula based on the desired(send) quantity.
Given: Send(desired) quantity = 60 g
Quantity in Master Formula = 1000 g
𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑡𝑦 𝑜𝑓 𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑚𝑢𝑙𝑎 𝑑𝑒𝑠𝑖𝑟𝑒𝑑 60
Then we can calculate Conversion Factor = = = 0.06
𝑄𝑢𝑎𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑡𝑦 𝑜𝑓 𝑀𝑎𝑠𝑡𝑒𝑟 𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑚𝑢𝑙𝑎 1000

Ingredients Master Formula Conversion Factor Working Formula

Zinc Oxide 200 g 0.06 12 g
Mineral oil 150 g(168.5 mL) 0.06 9 g(10 mL)
White Ointment 650 g 0.06 39 g
Total 1000 g Send 60 g
To change the quantity of mineral oil given in g to mL

Specific gravity of mineral oil =0.89

𝑉𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑙 𝑜𝑖𝑙 =9/0.89=10 𝑚𝐿

Task 2: Select and maintain appropriate equipment for compounding task

Equipment/Tools: Chemicals /Ingredients:

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 Sabansi Health Science College, Nekemte Campus

◙ Tripple Beam/digital balance • Zinc oxide

◙ Flexible spatula • Mineral oil
◙ Spoon spatula • White ointment
◙ Ointment slab/tile
◙ Watch glass
◙ Weighing paper
◙ Dropper
◙ 180μm sieves
◙ Ointment Jars
◙ White paper
◙ Measuring cylinder
◙ droppers

Role Of Ingredients:
▪ Zinc oxide: Active Pharmaceutical Ingredient (API) as Antifungal
▪ White ointment: Ointment base (hydrocarbon base)
▪ Mineral oil: a liqiud used to levigate ZnO
Task 3: Perform compounding of Zinc Oxide ointment
Procedure:

1. Wear gown
2. Wash your hands
3. Wear PPE (glove, mask, eyeglass …)
4. Clean lab bench and equipment needed
5. Collect necessary equipment’s
6. Develop your working formula and prepare label
7. Sift the medicaments through separate 180μm sieves
8. Adjust beam balance and Weigh zinc oxide powder on paper after sifting then Place on one side
of the tile
9. Weigh white ointment on watch glass then place on other side of tile
10. Measure 9 ml of mineral oil.
11. Take a portion of white ointment base (about two to three times the weight of the power) and
levigate it with Zinc oxide powder mixture until there is no sign of any gritty particles (This can
be checked for by spreading a thin layer on the tile).and add mineral oil then levigate together.
12. Gradually incorporate the remaining base in portions geometrically and continue levigation until
uniformly mixed
13. Finally, collect the ointment together to the center of the tile using the spatula and pack into an
ointment jar then label it.
14. Store in appropriate place
15. Clean the working equipment and the surroundings
16. Complete the Recordings and documentation

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 Sabansi Health Science College, Nekemte Campus

Task 4: Labeling of the compounded product, filling and documentation

Sample Label for Zinc Oxide Ointment
Zinc Oxide ointment B.P.
60 g
Zinc Oxide------------------
Mineral oil------------------9 mL
White ointment------------- g
Use: as an antiseptic for minor cuts
Directions: apply affected area with a cotton wool or a small brush
Store in a well closed container at cool or dry place
For Externally use only
Do not use on open wounds
Keep out of the reach of children
Date of Preparation:14/12/2016 E.C.
Beyond Use Date:28/12/2016 E.C.
Place of Preparation: Sabansi College Skill Lab

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 Sabansi Health Science College, Nekemte Campus

Practical
Project 2-1: Perform Dispensing Pharmaceuticals
Instructions: Under this project, the candidate is expected to dispense the pharmaceuticals
following good dispensing practice.
Project Sheet
Prescription Paper
Name of Health Institution: XYZ Higher Clinic
Name:Getu K. Age:55 Years Sex: M Weight:105 Kg Card No:01364/15
Adress: Region: Oromia Adress/city: Nekemte Telphone No:251####
Diagnosis: Hypertension and Hyperlipidemia
Drug Name, Strength, Dosage Form, Frequency, Duration, Quantity, Price
Route of Administration and Other Information. (dispensers use only)
Amilodipine 5mg tablet PO 1 tab daily for 2 month.
Atrovastatin 40mg tablet PO 1 tab every night for 2 month

Total Price
Prescribers Dispenser’s
Name Dr.Lali__L.___________ ________________________
Qualification/title Internist_________ _________________________
Signature __________________ _________________________
Date 30/9/2015____________ _________________________

The candidate will expected to perform the following tasks:

1. Apply good dispensing practice
2. Identify major drug groups
3. Counsel the patients/clients how to manage their disease condition in addition to their
medication.
1. Apply Good Dispensing Practice:
Definition:

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 Sabansi Health Science College, Nekemte Campus

• Dispensing includes all the activities that occur between the times the prescription
or oral request of the patient or care provider is presented and the medicine is issued.
• Good Dispensing Practices ensure that the correct medicine is delivered to the right
patient, in the required dosage and quantities, with clear information, and in package
that maintains an acceptable potency and quality of the medicine.
Good Dispensing Steps/Procedures:
The six steps of dispensing approved nationally are: -
Step 1: Receiving, interpretation and evaluation of a prescription
Step 2: Billing and recording transactions
Step 3: Selection, manipulation or compounding of the medicine
Step 4: Labeling and Packaging of the medicine
Step 5: Provision of medicines to the patient with counseling
Step 6: Prescription Filing and transaction of documents
1. Receiving, interpretation and evaluation of a prescription
▪ Basic steps for prescription evaluation and Interpretation:-
1. Legality of the Prescription (Standard Prescription, authorized signature, title & date)
2. Legibility (must be clear-never do guess work)
3. Completeness of Prescription (make sure all parts of Prescription are filled)
4. Take relevant medication history using open ended questions
5. Correctness of indication, dose and duration and safety issues such as ADE, contraindications etc.
6. Verification with the prescriber-If in doubt
7. Drug therapy problems (DTPs)
8. Announce price to the patient and confirm payment and if the patient cannot afford, try to help the
patient in informing the prescriber to replace the expensive medicine with a cheaper alternative
based on evidence.

1.1.Evaluation of legality and validity of a prescription

▪ A prescription is legal and valid when:
o It is written (can also be typed) and signed by an authorized prescriber
o Name of authorized prescriber titled or written
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 Sabansi Health Science College, Nekemte Campus

o Date of the prescription written

o Right medicines on the right type of prescription is written (standard, NPS and ART)
o The medicines are written on the right prescription such as normal, Narcotic drugs and
psychotropic substances (NPS) and antiretroviral therapy (ART).
o Date of issue not exceeding 15 days for narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances and 30
days for other medicines.
o Has all the information required to be contained with respect to parts of prescription.
 In the above prescription A Prescription was not signed by an authorized prescriber
1.2.Checking Completeness of Prescription
▪ All parts of the prescription have been written completely
▪ If not complete at least these are recorded:
 Card/Medical Record number(MNR)
 Patient full name
 Sex
 Age
 Weight
 Specific diagnosis
 all parts of Prescription are not completely filled- no prescriber signature
1.3.Take relevant medication history using open ended questions
 Taking past medication history can have a central role in the decisions needed for the selection of
current medications.
 Asked for allergy, any adverse drug reaction(ADR), compliant
 Asked liver diseases or renal diseases
 Asked for pregnancy or breast feeding
 Asked for current medications including OTC, Combined Contraceptive Pills(COC), medicines
for chronic illness
 Asked for use of alcohol, CHAT, or any other substances
 Asked for any adherence problem identified
1.4.Correctness of indication, dose and duration and safety issues such as ADE, interactions,
contraindications etc.
Check for Correctness of prescription:-
 Is indication perfect?
▪ Is there unnecessary drug therapy?

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 Sabansi Health Science College, Nekemte Campus

▪ Is there a need for additional drug therapy?

 Is effectiveness problem present?
▪ Ineffective drug? No
▪ Dose too low? No
 Is there any safety problem?
▪ Adverse drug reaction
▪ Dosage too low
▪ Any contra indication
 Checking therapeutic aspects:
 the safety of the medicine,
 possible contra-indications,
 drug/drug interactions,
 drug/food interaction,
 drug/disease interactions, and
 Treatment duplications.
 Appropriateness of the individual
 Confirm that the dose and duration of prescribed medicine are in the normal range for the patient
(noting sex and age or weight)

Project 2-2: Perform Dispensing Pharmaceuticals

Instructions: Under this project, the candidate is expected to dispense the pharmaceuticals
following good dispensing practice.
Project Sheet
Prescription Paper
Name of Health Institution: ABC Hospital
Name of the Patient: N.M
Age:30 Years Sex: M Weight:49 Kg Card No:000152
Address: Region: X Town : Z Woreda: Y
Kebele: 04 House No:056 Phone No:0911—
Out Patient: X Inpatient: ____ Ward:_____
Diagnosis: Typhoid Fever + DM+ Amebiasis

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 Sabansi Health Science College, Nekemte Campus

Drug Name, Strength, Dosage Form, Frequency, Duration, Quantity, Price

Route of Administration and Other Information. (dispensers use only)
Ciprofloxacin 500mg tablet po BID for 7 days
ORS # 1 sachet
Insulin injection 10 mL 20/30 IU SC for 1 month
Metronidazole 250 mg capsule 2 cap Po TID for 7 days
Total Price
Prescribers Dispenser’s
Name ________________________ _______________________
Qualification/title _____________________ _______________________
Registration No: ______________________ _______________________
Signature ______________________ _________________________
Date _______________________ __________________________

Task to be performed by the candidate:

Task 1: Apply good dispensing practice
Task 2: Counsel the patients/clients how to manage their disease condition in addition
to their medication.
Task 3: Identify major drug groups
Task 4: Identify drug drug, drug – food interactions and contraindication if applicable
Task 5: Identify commonly used abbreviations for dispensing instructions, routes of
administration
2. Apply Good Dispensing Practice:
Definition:
• Dispensing includes all the activities that occur between the times the prescription
or oral request of the patient or care provider is presented and the medicine is issued.
• Good Dispensing Practices ensure that the correct medicine is delivered to the right
patient, in the required dosage and quantities, with clear information, and in package
that maintains an acceptable potency and quality of the medicine.
Good Dispensing Steps/Procedures:
The six steps of dispensing approved nationally are: -
Step 1: Receiving, interpretation and evaluation of a prescription
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 Sabansi Health Science College, Nekemte Campus

Step 2: Billing and recording transactions

Step 3: Selection, manipulation or compounding of the medicine
Step 4: Labeling and Packaging of the medicine
Step 5: Provision of medicines to the patient with counseling
Step 6: Prescription Filing and transaction of documents
2. Receiving, interpretation and evaluation of a prescription
▪ Basic steps for prescription evaluation and Interpretation:-
9. Legality of the Prescription (Standard Prescription, authorized signature, title & date)
10. Legibility (must be clear-never do guess work)
11. Completeness of Prescription (make sure all parts of Prescription are filled)
12. Take relevant medication history using open ended questions
13. Correctness of indication, dose and duration and safety issues such as ADE, contraindications etc.
14. Verification with the prescriber-If in doubt
15. Drug therapy problems (DTPs)
16. Announce price to the patient and confirm payment and if the patient cannot afford, try to help the
patient in informing the prescriber to replace the expensive medicine with a cheaper alternative
based on evidence.

2.1.Evaluation of legality and validity of a prescription

▪ A prescription is legal and valid when:
o It is written (can also be typed) and signed by an authorized prescriber
o Name of authorized prescriber titled or written
o Date of the prescription written
o Right medicines on the right type of prescription is written (standard, NPS and ART)
o The medicines are written on the right prescription such as normal, Narcotic drugs and
psychotropic substances (NPS) and antiretroviral therapy (ART).
o Date of issue not exceeding 15 days for narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances and 30
days for other medicines.
o Has all the information required to be contained with respect to parts of prescription.
 In the above prescription A Prescription was not signed by an authorized prescriber
2.2.Checking Completeness of Prescription

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 Sabansi Health Science College, Nekemte Campus

▪ All parts of the prescription have been written completely

▪ If not complete at least these are recorded:
 Card/Medical Record number(MNR)
 Patient full name
 Sex
 Age
 Weight
 Specific diagnosis
 all parts of Prescription are not completely filled- no prescriber signature
2.3.Take relevant medication history using open ended questions
 Taking past medication history can have a central role in the decisions needed for the selection of
current medications.
 Asked for allergy, any adverse drug reaction(ADR), compliant
 Asked liver diseases or renal diseases
 Asked for pregnancy or breast feeding
 Asked for current medications including OTC, Combined Contraceptive Pills(COC), medicines
for chronic illness
 Asked for use of alcohol, CHAT, or any other substances
 Asked for any adherence problem identified
2.4.Correctness of indication, dose and duration and safety issues such as ADE, interactions,
contraindications etc.
Check for Correctness of prescription:-
 Is indication perfect?
▪ Is there unnecessary drug therapy?
▪ Is there a need for additional drug therapy?
 Is effectiveness problem present?
▪ Ineffective drug? No
▪ Dose too low? No
 Is there any safety problem?
▪ Adverse drug reaction
▪ Dosage too low
▪ Any contra indication
 Checking therapeutic aspects:

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 Sabansi Health Science College, Nekemte Campus

 the safety of the medicine,

 possible contra-indications,
 drug/drug interactions,
 drug/food interaction,
 drug/disease interactions, and
 Treatment duplications.
 Appropriateness of the individual
 Confirm that the dose and duration of prescribed medicine are in the normal range for the patient
(noting sex and age or weight)

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 Sabansi Health Science College, Nekemte Campus

3. Apply Pharmaceutical Supply Chain Management

Project 3-1: Project: Perform inventory Management

Project Sheet Information:
• The bincard is being used in XYZ Health center. The Health Center supports five-health posts
name: Central HP, North HP, South HP, East HP and West HP.
• The bincard is being used in the main store of XYZ Health Center
• Bincard for Frusemide 40mg tablet
• The new bincard was being started on 01/11/2015 E.C.
• There were 4000 tabs on 01/11/2015 E.C. with an expiry date of September 2024 with a batch
number of 8076.
1 2/11/2015 The store issued 600 tablets for OPD Pharmacy of the health center by
document number 00029.
2 3/11/2015 9000 tablets of the drug with batch number of 22X1 and expiry date of
September 2023 were donated by USAID and received using document
number 00016.
3 4/11/2015 3000 tablets of the drug were issued to central health post using document
number 00032.
4 5/11/2015 The store issued to south, East and West health posts 2000,500 and 1300
tablets using documents 00033, 00034 and 00035 respectively.
5 8/11/2015 EPSA supplied 5000 tablets of the drug with batch number 2131 and expiry
on date December 2023 and received by the store using document number
00017.
6 9/11/2015 2000 tablets were issued to North Health post using document number 00037
7 10/11/2015 Morning you found that 4000 tablets with batch number of 2131 and expiry
date of December 2023 with many other items had been stolen.
8 12/11/2015 2000 tablets were issued to OPD pharmacy using document number 00038
9 13/11/2015 5000 tablets were transfer to CM Hospital using document number 00040.
10 16/11/2015 EPSA supplied 6000 tablets with batch number of 16D7 and expiry date of
May 2024 in response to emergency order and the health center received
using document number 00020.
11 17/11/2015 AMREF donated to the health center 1200 tablets with batch number of 4477
and expiry date of February 2023 and received using document number
00021.
12 20/11/2015 1000,2000 and 1700 tablets were issued to south, East and West health posts
respectively
13 23/11/2015 Physical count was conducted and 4580 tablets were found in the store. The
reason for the discrepancy is unknown.
14 25/11/2015 1000 tablets of the drug with batch number of 1234 and expiry date of May
2024 were donated by USAID and received using document number 00025.
15 27/11/2015 500 tablets were issued to North Health Post.

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 Sabansi Health Science College, Nekemte Campus

Task under this Project

Task 1: Fill the BINCARD appropriately using the information given below
BIN CARD
Name of Health Facility: ____
Product Name, Strength and Dosage Form: ________
Unit of Issue: ________
Maximum Stock Level: Emergency order Point:_____________________________
Average Monthly Consumption (AMC): ____
Quantity
Doc. No. Received

Loss/Adj.
Received

Balance
Date (Receiving from or Batch Expiry

Issued
Remarks
or Issuing Issued to Number Date

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 Sabansi Health Science College, Nekemte Campus

Project 3-2: Project: Perform inventory Management

Project Information: Report and Requestion Form

This RRF is being used at MH Health Center, SNNPR Region

Health Facility: Region; Zone: _
Woreda:
Supply Branch: Maximum Stock Level:4 months of Stock
Reporting Period: From: To: Emergency Order Point:0.5 months of Stock
Report Part Requisition Part
S Ending

Consumption
N Product Description Unit of Balance

Days out of
Calculated

reach Max
Issue

Maximum
Beginning

needed to
Received
Quantity

Quantity

Quantity

Quantity
Ordered
Balance

Losses/
Adjust

Stock

Stock
Store
DU
A B C D E F=A+B+/- G H=(120*F)/ I=H-D-E
C-D-E (60-G)

1 Ceftriaxone 500mg Injection Vial 2500 350 -5 100 0 2745 0 5490 5390

2 ASA 300mg Tablet Tab 600 300 0 200 130 570 0 1140 810

3 Doxycycline 100 mg Capsule Cap 800 100 +10 0 100 810 0 1620 1520

4 Amoxicillin 500mg Capsule Cap 5000 200 100 300 150 4850 0 9700 9250
Products with Shelf life < 6 months(SN, Quantity and Expiry Date): Remarks:

Completed By: Signature: _ Date:

Verified By ______________________________Signature:___________________________ Date:

Approved By: Signature:___________________________ Date:

Instructions: Under this project the candidate is expected to perform the tasks based on
the information provided on the above RRF.

Task 1: Calculate and fill the quantity of calculated consumption, maximum stock
quantity and quantity needed to reach maximum
Task 2: Fill the information provided on the above RRF to DAGU2 store.

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 Sabansi Health Science College, Nekemte Campus

Knowledge Assessment Part

1. Which of the following products should be stored in a refrigerator?
A. Amoxicillin
B. Diphenhydramine
C. Insulin
D. Epinephrine
2. Which one of the following is False about storage of controlled substances?
A. There should be signatures at “ hand-over” and “takeover”
B. They require physical counting after each entry
C. They need to put under double locked cabinet
D. They do not need special registry recording and prescription
3. Select the diuretic agent for hypertension treatment?
A. Prazosin
B. Hydrochlorothiazide
C. Losartan
D. Captopril
4. Which one of the following is true about basic rules for shelving of Pharmaceuticals?
A. Heavy and fragile items should be best put on the upper shelves
B. Extra stock on the upper shelves can be added if it is too heavy
C. Frequently picked items should be at the top of the shelves
D. Boxes need to be tidy and closed as much as possible
5. Which one of the following is not main function of cosmetic product?
A. Promoting attractiveness
B. Cleansing body parts
C. Developing sense of well being
D. Altering body’s function
6. The most expensive method of procurement is
A. Direct procurement
B. Open tender
C. Restricted tender
D. Competitive negotiation
7. The Latin term “Per Os” denotes one of the following?
A. To mouth
B. When necessary
C. At bed time
D. Every hour

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8. Which of the following recruitment method is can be fast and efficient?

A. Want ads
B. Word of mouth
C. Government job services
D. Recommendations from current employees
9. Which route of drug administration gives the most rapid onset of Pharmacological
effect?
A. Intradermal Injection
B. Intramuscular injection
C. Oral administration
D. Intravenous injection
10.Which is the most commonly used local anesthetic?
A. Halothane
B. Ketamine
C. Propofol
D. Lidocaine
11.What is the mean score of the following student’s data:80,83,80,77,85,90,95,80,75,75?
A. 96 B. 78 C. 90 D. 82
12.Simultaneous use of ciprofloxacin and theophylline lead to a rise in plasma theophylline
nonpenetration. What is the category of such interaction?
A. Drug - food interaction
B. Drug - disease interaction
C. Drug - drug interaction
D. Drug- herbal interaction
13.Knowledge and practice used to diagnose, prevent and cure illness based on scientific
evidence?
A. Chinese medicine
B. Mainstream medicine
C. Angular Medicine
D. Indian Medicine
14.A 5 – year old child has been prescribed clarithromycin suspension 200 mg bid for 7
days. If the medication is supplied as a 250mg/5ml suspension. What is the volume in
mL a child will receive per dose?
A. 8 mL B. 2 mL C. 6 mL D. 4 mL
15.It refers to a kind of care in any setting that supports and promotes and does not
undermine person’s self-respect regardless of any differences.
A. Equity
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B. Stigma
C. Sympathy
D. Respect
16.Which one of the following is the most likely meaning of essential medicines?
A. Drugs that must be available in emergency departments
B. They are lifesaving drugs
C. Drugs that are listed in the national formula of a country
D. Drugs meeting the health needs of majority of population
17.Which of the following dosage form is mostly for oral use?
A. Tablet B. Aerosol C. Ointment D. Cream
18.Ototoxicity and nephrotoxicity usually occur due to:
A. Cotrimoxazole
B. Gentamicin
C. Amoxicillin
D. Azithromycin
19.Which one of the following medicine can be dispensed without prescription(OTC) in
community Pharmacy?
A. Propylthiouracil
B. Tramadol
C. Paracetamol
D. Amoxicillin
20.The narcotic drug and Psychotropic substances (NPS) prescription should not be
dispensed after______ days of prescribed.
A. 15 days B. 30 days C. 45 days D. 7 days
21.A term refers to moving products down the pipeline from the national central warehouse
until they are dispensed to the final customers?
A. Storage
B. Use
C. Procurement
D. Distribution
22.Which types of antimicrobials inhibit growth and reproduction of bacteria, but do not
kill bacteria?
A. Antibacterial
B. Antibiotics
C. Bacteriostatic
D. Bactericidal

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23.A physician prescribed paracetamol 500mg 2 tabs PRN. How do you counsel the patient
about taking of this medicine?
A. Takes as per needed
B. Take every 4 hours
C. Take every 8 hours
D. Take twice a day
24.Which category of medicines has adequate well controlled studies in pregnancy women
and do not show risk to the fetus?
A. Category C
B. Category D
C. Category A
D. Category B
25.One of the following refers to quantity of pharmaceuticals used during the reporting
period?
A. Stock on order
B. Consumption
C. Safety stock
D. Stock on hand
26.An inventory management strategy that refers to process of classifying medications into
three classes based on their cost?
A. VEN analysis
B. ABC analysis
C. Therapeutic analysis
D. Matrix analysis
27.Consequences of good practice of supply chain management of medicines?
A. Frequent stock out of pharmaceuticals
B. Excess stock due to over estimation
C. Improved availability of essential drugs
D. Wastage of valuable pharmaceuticals
28.One of the following describes the concept of “doing no harm” principles?
A. Beneficence
B. Non-Maleficence
C. Fidelity
D. Autonomy
29.Cotrimoxazole is a combination of one of the following drugs?
A. Cloxacillin + Clavulanic acid
B. Trimethoprim + Sulphamethoxazole
Model Practical and Knowledge Assessment for Pharmacy Level IV Candidates By Tena T.Tolera 27
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C. Amoxicillin + Clavulanic acid

D. Penicillin + Clavulanic acid
30.A druggist working at private pharmacy store arranged cardiovascular products at one
corner of the shelve and GI Products on the other corner of the shelve. What is the most
likely arrangement used by the druggist?
A. Alphabetical
B. Dosage Form
C. Pharmacological
D. Pharmaceutical code
31.Which one of the following is NOT component of Pharmacokinetics?
A. Distribution
B. Side effect
C. Absorption
D. Metabolism
32.Which one of the following is NOT component of ORS?
A. Potassium
B. Chlorine
C. Calcium
D. Sodium
33.Which of the following pair of abbreviation and full name is mismatched?
A. bid – twice a day
B. a.c - before meals
C. prn – as per needed
D. Q.O.D – once a day
34.Which one of the following is a gastrointestinal (GI) drug?
A. Captopril
B. Amitriptyline
C. Omeprazole
D. Carbamazepine
35.Which one of the following is long acting contraceptive method?
A. Choice oral
B. Implanon
C. Depo-Provera
D. post pill
36.If you want to know recent fact about cosmetics. Which source of information you
need?
A. Secondary sources
Model Practical and Knowledge Assessment for Pharmacy Level IV Candidates By Tena T.Tolera 28
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B. Tertiary sources
C. Text books
D. Primary sources
37.Which of the following is true about MUDA?
A. Indian term meaning wastefulness
B. Indonesian term meaning wastefulness
C. Japanese term meaning wastefulness
D. Chinese term meaning wastefulness
38.Which of the following a narcotic drug that requires special prescription paper?
A. Salbutamol
B. Ciprofloxacin
C. Amoxicillin
D. Morphine
39.An ethical principle related with providing fair equitable and appropriate treatment/care
to all patients?
A. Justice
B. Autonomy
C. Beneficence
D. Non-maleficence
40.What is the difference between the third and fourth model on the counter size setup?
A. There is no counter in the third but there is a counter in the fourth
B. There is privacy of patient in the third but there is no in the fourth
C. There is a counter in the third but there is no counter in the fourth
D. There is a counter in the third but there is also a counter in the fourth
41.Which one is equivalent to 20mg?
A. 0.002g B. 2g C. 0.02g D. 0.2g
42.What do we call an excipient used in tablet manufacturing to enhance flowing
characteristics?
A. Glidant
B. Adhesive
C. Flavourant
D. Disintegrant
43.Identify the deficiency of vitamin D?
A. Berberi
B. Scurvy
C. Rickets
D. Night blindness
Model Practical and Knowledge Assessment for Pharmacy Level IV Candidates By Tena T.Tolera 29
 Sabansi Health Science College, Nekemte Campus

44.Which of the following should you avoid during dispensing of medicines?

A. Generic product substitution possible
B. Interpretation of prescription instruction
C. Technical knowledge to handle prescription
D. Provide information on mechanism of action
45.A long-term contraceptive device that is placed in the uterus
A. IUD
B. Implanon
C. Post pill
D. Dethylstibosterol
46.The type of vitamin that has essential roles in the development of vision, bone growth,
the maintenance of epithelial tissue, the immunological process, and normal
reproduction is
A. Calciferol
B. Retinoic acid
C. Tocopherol
D. Phylloquinone
47.The right pharmacy work flow arrangement in Auditable Pharmaceutical Transactions
and Services (APTS)?
A. Evaluator→counselor ---→ Cashier →Biller
B. Counselor → biller→cashier →evaluator
C. Evaluator→biller → Counselor →Cashier
D. Evaluator→biller → Cashier → Counselor
48.A community pharmacy purchased 1000 tablets of ciprofloxacin (10 tabs/strips of 100
strips in a box) a pack from a whole sale by 15,000 birr. By adding a profit margin of
25%, what will be the unit selling price of each tablet?
A. 22.25 B. 17.5 C. 15 D. 18.75
49.Which one of the following is a not essential element of Auditable Pharmaceutical
Transaction and Services(APTS)?
A. Information for decision-making
B. Receiving and warehousing of medicines
C. Patient knowledge and satisfaction
D. Efficient utilization of medicines budge
50.Intravenous, intramuscular and subcutaneous are all examples of which routes of
administration?
A. Parenteral administration C. Pulmonary administration
B. Topical administration D. Ocular administration
Model Practical and Knowledge Assessment for Pharmacy Level IV Candidates By Tena T.Tolera 30
 Sabansi Health Science College, Nekemte Campus

51.During receiving of known drugs from a supplier, all of the following should be checked
except;
A. Type of product
B. Batch number of the product
C. Indication of the product
D. Quantity of product
52.One of the following is NOT part of good dispensing process?
A. Preparing and issuing medicines to patients
B. Procurement and supply management of medication
C. Evaluation and interpretation of prescription
D. Provision of appropriate information and counseling
53.Which of the following drug affect alertness of a heavy truck driver?
A. Ranitidine B. Amoxicillin C. Omeprazole D. Chlorpheniramine
54.Which one of the following is selective short acting Beta-2 agonist?
A. Salbutamol B. Formoterol C. Theophedrine D. Salmeterol
55.One of the following refers to quantities of products removed from your stock for
anything other than in the provision of services to patients or issuing to another facility
(recorded as negative numbers)
A. Adjustment
B. Stock on hand
C. Loss
D. Consumption
56.Which one of the following is sterile preparation?
A. Otic preparations
B. Ophthalmic preparations
C. Nasal drops
D. Effervescent granules
57.The common and serious side effect associated with anticoagulants like warfarin
A. Bleeding B. Diarrhea C. Palpitation D. Nausea and vomiting
58.Which one of the following refers to the process of preparing and giving medicine with
proper information to patient?
A. Prescribing B. Labeling C. Counseling D. Dispensing
59.The use of the following labeling instruction “Protect from moisture” means
A. Do not store below 8 °C
B. Do not store over 15 °C
C. Do not store over 30 °C
D. No more than 60% relative humidity in normal storage conditions
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 Sabansi Health Science College, Nekemte Campus

60.Which one of the following refers to the practice of allocating health products and
services to patients fairly?
A. Fidelity B. Justice C. Autonomy D. Confidentiality
61.An ethical principle related with providing fair, equitable and appropriate
treatment/care to all patients?
A. Beneficence B. Autonomy C. Justice D. Non-maleficence
62.Which one the following is the first step in pharmaceutical dispensing process?
A. Selection and manipulation of medicines
B. Provision of information and instruction
C. Receiving and validating of the prescription
D. Labeling and packaging of the medicine
63.It refers to a systematically developed, disease-focused document designed to assist
practitioners in making decisions about appropriate health care for specific clinical
circumstances
A. Formulary process C. Formulary manual
B. Standard treatment D. Formulary list
64.Why magnesium hydroxide (Mg (OH)2) and aluminum hydroxide (Al(OH)3) are
required to be formulated together in an antacid preparation?
A. To decrease clearance
B. prevent/ counteract side effects
C. For synergistic effect
D. To improve absorption
65.One of the following can be taken as a disadvantage of parenteral products?
A. It is suitable for rapid action
B. Suitable for unconscious patients
C. Dose is accurate
D. Need of trained personnel for administration
66.Quinine is
A. Antibacterial
B. Antifungal
C. Antibiotics
D. Antimalarial
67.Which one of the following is supplementary nutrients?
A. Lipids
B. Carbohydrates
C. Proteins
D. Multivitamins
Model Practical and Knowledge Assessment for Pharmacy Level IV Candidates By Tena T.Tolera 32
 Sabansi Health Science College, Nekemte Campus

68.Losartan is
A. Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor
B. Angiotensin Receptor blocker
C. Calcium channel blocker
D. Beta blocker
69.A type of drug interaction which occurs when the combined effects of the two drugs
are much greater than the sum of the effects of each agent give alone is------
A. Synergism
B. Additive
C. Potentiation
D. Antagonism
70.Which one of the following is NOT Antiretroviral drug?
A. Zidovudine B. Lamivudine C. Nevirapine D. Acyclovir
71.One of the following is not minimum requirement on label for compounded product?
A. Beyond use date
B. Quantity
C. Generic Name of the preparation
D. Brand name
72.A clear, pleasantly flavored, sweetened hydro-alcoholic liquid intended for oral
administration is:
A. Elixir B. Emulsion C. Syrup D. Suspension
73.Which one the following refers to the time period between ordering and receiving of
stock?
A. Receiving period
B. Stock on hand
C. Stock on order
D. Lead time
74.Information about remaining balance of stock on hand can be obtained from:
A. BIN Card
B. Store Requisition Form
C. Goods Receiving Note
D. Store Issue Voucher
75.Which one of the following drugs categorized under psychotropic drug?
A. Haloperidol
B. Morphine
C. Amoxicillin
D. Ibuprofen
Model Practical and Knowledge Assessment for Pharmacy Level IV Candidates By Tena T.Tolera 33
 Sabansi Health Science College, Nekemte Campus

76.If you encounter a stock arrangement where items are classified as tablets, ampoule
capsules, syrups, ointments etc.; which type of stock classification is used?
A. Dosage form classification
B. Pharmacological classification
C. Alphabetical
D. Random bin
77.Which type of equipment is used for size reduction of solid ingredients during
compounding?
A. Measuring cylinder
B. Beakers
C. Analytical balances
D. Mortar and pestles
78.Which type of Interaction happened between tetracycline and milk when taken
together?
A. Drug disease interaction C. Drug –drug interaction
B. Drug- food interaction D. Drug- herb interaction
79.Which type of interaction happened between tetracycline and antacid when taken
together?
A. Drug disease interaction C. Drug –drug interaction
B. Drug- food interaction D. Drug- herb interaction
80.If Stock on hand of Cephalexin is 2000 capsule and AMC is 1000 capsule what is its
months of stock?
A. 2 B. 3 C. 4 D.1
81.Among the following which is not true about storage guideline?
A. Clean the storeroom regularly
B. Store pharmaceuticals in a dry, well-lit, well-ventilated storeroom – out of direct
sunlight
C. Store drugs in water penetration area
D. Keep fire safety equipment available, functional, and train employees to use it
82.You dispense a prescription for Amoxicillin 500mg capsule with a SIG: 1cap tid for 7
days. The total number of capsules dispensed is:
A. 20 B. 21 C. 42 D. 14
83.Which of the following is considered as semisolid dosage form?
A. Tablet B. Ointment C. Suspension D. Syrup
84.Which of the following drug should be labeled with to be taken before meals?
A. Diclofenac B. Amoxicillin C. Omeprazole D. Antacid

Model Practical and Knowledge Assessment for Pharmacy Level IV Candidates By Tena T.Tolera 34
 Sabansi Health Science College, Nekemte Campus

85.Can be used safely as antiseptic in surgical wound:

A. Iodine solution B. Ethanol C. Hydrochloric acid D. Methanol
86.How many Cloxacillin 250mg capsule are needed to fill the following prescription. Rx-
Cloxacillin 500mg PO QID for 7 days?
A. 28 B. 56 C. 21 D. 84
87.Which one of the following is the best practice to avoid hazards in workplace?
A. Chemical disposal at the level of health facilities
B. Treating hazards, incidences and injuries in pharmaceutical service and reporting
C. Recording, reporting, and utilizing appropriate guidelines
D. Flammable products can be stored with other products anywhere on the pallets
88.Types of face powder for extremely oily skins?
A. Light B. Heavy C. Medium D. Normal
89.Which one of the following statements is false about foundation creams?
A. They help the powders to adhere to skin
B. They create uniform skin appearance by covering flaws
C. They are easy to apply when they are thicker creams
D. They are almost O/W type of emulsion
90.An excipient that added to a pharmaceutical formulation to mask bad odor?
A. Buffers C. Coloring agent
B. Preservatives D. Flavoring agent
91.Which is a part of quality assurance that ensures products are consistently produced and
controlled?
A. Good clinical practice
B. Good laboratory practice
C. Good manufacturing practice
D. Good dispensing practice
92.One of the following is angiotensin receptor antagonist?
A. Losartan B. Inamrinone C. Enalapril D. Captopril
93.Which one of the following is correct about stock record card?
A. It should be kept at each lot of item/bin
B. It has batch number column
C. It has price column
D. It should be filled and updated by the store keeper
94.Which one of the following is correct about bin card?
A. It contains location code
B. It has batch number column
C. It has price column
Model Practical and Knowledge Assessment for Pharmacy Level IV Candidates By Tena T.Tolera 35
 Sabansi Health Science College, Nekemte Campus

D. It should be kept or hold by head of pharmacy

95.Which of the following drug is local anesthetic?
A. Halothane B. Enflurane C. Ketamine D. Lidocaine
96.Which one of the following items is not correctly matched to their storage area/site?
A. Vaccines -----------Cold storage
B. Narcotics ----------Locked/secure room
C. Heavy products -------Top of the shelf
D. Flammables ------------Separate building
97.During dispensing extemporaneous preparations, if you encounter one missing
ingredient in your stock, how do you communicate to solve the problem?
A. Communicate with the prescriber to manage the problem
B. Replace the missing ingredient without consulting the prescriber
C. Perform the compounding with the remaining ingredients
D. Reject to perform the compounding
98.Generally, one of the following is wrong about excipients?
A. Excipients should be compatible with the active ingredients
B. Excipients have impact on efficacy
C. The cost of excipients for formulation should be considered
D. Excipients are biologically active
99.Hyperkalemia is the adverse effect of
A. Spironolactone C. Furosemide
B. Hydrochlorothiazide D. Chlorothiazide
100. Consequences of good/effective supply chain management of medicines?
A. Frequent stockout of pharmaceuticals
B. Improved availability of essential medicines
C. Wastage of valuable pharmaceuticals
D. Excess stock due to over estimation
101. Which of the following cannot be regarded as drug quality problem?
A. The availability of suspended particles in a solution
B. Color change
C. Melted suppository at room temperature
D. Cost of the drug
102. While we are compounding pharmaceutical products at small level, all are
mandatory except?
A. placing preparations in cold containers without removing previous label
B. Selecting the right container
C. Labeling appropriately
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 Sabansi Health Science College, Nekemte Campus

D. Following the correct procedure of compounding

103. Which stock control mechanism used to issue drugs that have the same expiry date?
A. FEFO B. FIFO C. LIFO D. LILO
104. Which one of the following drug is used to overcome the hypokalemic effect of
diuretic drugs?
A. Furosemide B. Hydrochlorothiazide C. Spironolactone D. Mannitol
105. As you are pharmacy Technician, how you prevent disease from community?
A. Dispensing B. Health Education C. Training D. None
106. Identify the non-hormonal contraceptive methods?
A. Combined oral contraceptive C. IUCD
B. Levonorgestrel only D. None of the above
107. It is a process of deciding the type of needed drug products for the prevalent disease
A. Selection B. Procurement C. Quantification D. Distribution
108. It is a process of determining the amount of drug products required
A. Selection B. Procurement C. Quantification D. Distribution
109. One of the following is refers to the process of acquiring supplies from private or
public suppliers including those obtained by purchase, donation and manufacture.
A. Selection B. Procurement C. Quantification D. Distribution
110. One of the following aminoglycosides is not indicated for systemic purpose
A. Streptomycin B. Neomycin C. Gentamycin D. Amikacin
111. Which one of the following formats is used for both reporting & requesting
Pharmaceuticals?
A. Model-19 B. Bin Card C. RRF D. Stock card
112. Which of the following is/are benefits of Good Pharmaceutical Storage Practice
A. Ensure the potency, prevent degradation and maintain physical integrity
B. Maintain the quality, safety and efficacy of pharmaceuticals throughout their shelf
life
C. Ensures sustainable access to and availability of essential medicines
D. All of the above
113. Which of the following statement about Storage of Pharmaceuticals is true?
A. Store medical supplies with insecticides, chemicals, old files, office supplies and
other materials
B. Store pharmaceuticals in a dry, well-lit, well-ventilated storeroom– out of direct
sunlight.
C. Allow storage area and controlled substances accessible to any personnel
D. Store flammable products with other products

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 Sabansi Health Science College, Nekemte Campus

114. Which one of the following is NOT the possible cause of stock out?
A. Receiving near expiry products
B. Short lead time
C. Late request
D. Late delivery
115. _____is the quantity of stock that you have on hand during the reporting period?
A. Calculated Consumption
B. Beginning Balance
C. Ending Balance
D. All of the above
116. Which of the following is correct about Bin card and Stock record card?
A. BIN card include location of pharmaceuticals
B. Stock record card not includes unit price
C. Stock record cards are used at all health facilities
D. Stock record cards not include batch number
117. Which one of the following is NOT the possible cause of overstock?
A. Under estimated demand
B. Error in inventory record
C. Inappropriate lead time
D. Transfer out to other facility
118. All are possible locations of Bin cards except?
A. With products in the store
B. With products in the dispensary units
C. With products during transportation
D. With products in the health post
119. One of the following formats is NOT used for re-supply commodities at Health post
level?
A. HPMRR B. RRF C. PFMRR D. A & C
120. Bin Cards and Stock Record Cards are prepared for all except?
A. for each product C. for each pack size
B. for each dosage form D. for program products
121. Which one of the following is NOT TRUE about Bin card and stock record card?
A. Both should be available and used at all health facilities
B. Both should be updated immediately when the transaction is conducted
C. Both should be recorded when physical counts are conducted
D. Both record pharmaceuticals related data

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122. _____Is the level where the risk of stocking out is likely, and an emergency order is
placed
A. Emergency order point C. Minimum stock level
B. Maximum Stock level D. Safety stock
123. Which of the following drugs require special care during pharmaceutical waste
disposal?
A. Cytotoxic drugs
B. Vitamins and minerals
C. Antiseptics
D. Disinfectants
124. What is the first thing to done when you encounter a poisoned patient?
A. Administering an antacid
B. Treat the victim by providing an antidote
C. Correcting airway, breathing and circulation
D. Send a laboratory request to identify the poison
125. If a prescription order calls for 2 tablet tid of total tablet required is 84 tablets, how
long will last the patient?
A. 90 days B. 6 days C. 84 days D. 14 days
126. Which of the following drug is first line drug for treatment of tuberculosis (TB)?
A. Rifampin, Isoniazid, Pyrazinamide, and Ethambutol
B. Rifampin, Isoniazid and Pyrazinamide
C. Rifampin and Isoniazid
D. Rifampin, Isoniazid and Ethambutol
127. An emergency treatment for an acid splash over one’s skin is?
A. Apply weak a base
B. Apply weak acid
C. Wash with water
D. Wash will alcohol
128. Identify the vitamin which prevents bleeding?
A. Vitamin D B. Vitamin E C. Vitamin K D. Vitamin A
129. Which of the following is a barrier for patient to Pharmacist communication?
A. Privacy dispensing environment
B. Drive through window
C. Pharmacist to patient direct communication
D. Low prescription counter

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130. Which of the following is an appropriate safety measure for controlling biological
hazards in pharmacy service?
A. Unrestricted access for unauthorized personnel
B. Involving in immunization program without PPE
C. Not using gloves and eye protection during compounding
D. Radiation safety program
131. Identification mark of drugs that used to identify drugs which are prepared at same
instances(conditions) is_____
A. Storage condition
B. Batch number
C. Dosage strength
D. Labelling information
132. Which of the following is the strength of a pharmacy professional to be a good
communicator in handling patients in dispensing practice?
A. Delegation of responsibilities to trained staff
B. Lack of interest
C. Lack of confidences
D. Laziness
133. The length of time a pharmaceutical product can be stored without the occurrence
of deterioration is called
A. Manufacturing date
B. Prescription date
C. Expiry date
D. Shelf life
134. ____________ is the smallest weight that makes a perceptible change in the pointer
of the balance which indicates equilibrium.
A. Sensitivity requirement C. Specificity
B. Capacity D. Sensitivity
135. Supplementation of which of the following vitamin is necessary to prevent
peripheral neuropathy in some patients taking isoniazid (INH)?
A. Vitamin C C. Vitamin A
B. Vitamin D D. Vitamin B6
136. Which of the following equipment is appropriate for holding iodine crystals?
A. Tile
B. Watch glass
C. Weighing paper
D. Porcelain mortar and pestle
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137. Which of the following is the use of potassium iodide in Lugol’s iodine solution?
A. Prevention of microbial growth
B. Solubility enhancer
C. Odouring agent
D. Flavoring agent
138. Which type of hazard results from botulinium toxin?
A. Physical hazard
B. Biological hazard
C. Chemical hazard
D. Psychological hazard
139. One of the following is not indicated for tuberculosis?
A. Isoniazid
B. Rifampicin
C. Streptomycin
D. Gentamycin
140. Which one of the following products NOT considered as Pharmaceutical Waste?
A. Expired pharmaceuticals
B. All damaged tubes of creams, ointments, and lotions
C. Cold chain products stored in refrigerator
D. All unsealed syrups or eye drops
141. Which one of the following is stock keeping record?
A. Issue voucher
B. Requestion Voucher
C. Bin card
D. Forecasting voucher
142. As a Pharmacy Technician the best way to determine the storage conditions for a
particular drug is
A. Refer to the USP
B. Try different ways of storage
C. Refer to the manufacturer’s label
D. Ask the pharmacist
143. What ingredient of cosmetics helps the product from drying?
A. Humectant B. Binder C. Perfume D. Colorant
144. Which one of the following is not Anti TB drug?
A. Azithromycin C. Rifampicin
B. Ethambutol D. Isoniazid

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145. Which of the following drug is first line drug for treatment of TB?
A. Kanamycin
B. Isoniazid
C. Amikacin
D. Gemifloxacin
146. Among the following stock rotation method which one is the most acceptable?
A. LIFO B. FEFO C. LILO D. FIFO
147. An antihypertensive drug having better safety during pregnancy and commonly used
in hypertensive?
A. lisinopril B. Candesartan C. Enalapril D. Methyldopa
148. Which of the following is a controlled Narcotic drug?
A. Phenytoin B. Pethidine C. Phenobarbitone D. Cimetidine
149. Which one of the following conditions makes prescription illegal?
A. Dispensing of narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances after 15 days of
prescribed
B. Medicine is written and signed by an authorized prescriber
C. Prescription has all the information required with respect to parts of prescription
D. Use of special prescription for narcotic and psychotropics drugs
150. Beneficence describes the ethical principles of one of the following?
A. Protecting the privacy of the patient
B. Allowing patients to make decisions for themselves
C. Doing harm
D. Acting in the best interest of the patient
151. How many amoxicillin 250mg tablets you need to dispense for full prescription of
500mg three times a day for 7 days?
A. 21 B. 56 C. 42 D. 28
152. True about special precautions for flammables and corrosive pharmaceutical
product?
A. It is advisable to use coolest location
B. It is recommending to store flammables near pallets
C. Always store flammables out of their original container
D. They should be stored with other pharmaceutical products
153. Identify the dosage forms which require shaking prior to use?
A. Syrup B. Elixir C. Tincture D. Emulsion
154. Which one of the following is correct about bin cards?
A. Used by store pharmacy professionals for procurement
B. Placed in filling cabinet in the pharmacist office
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C. Usually placed at the shelf where the product is found

D. The same in all aspects with stock cards
155. The maximum months of the stock allowed for health centers?
A. 2months B. 1 month C. 2 weeks D. 4 months
156. which of the following refers to bioavailability of a drug?
A. Ratio of orally administered drug to that excreted in the feces
B. Ratio of oral to parenteral dose
C. Percentage of administered dose that reaches systemic circulation
D. Ratio of drug excreted unchanged in urine
157. Which of the following ART drug is responsible for CNS
manifestation(nightmares)?
A. Lamivudine B. Dolutegravir C. Efavirenz D. Nevirapine
158. Which one of the following is complex process that can take many forms?
A. Monitoring and evaluation
B. Planning
C. Organizing
D. Implementation
159. In the following formula you are compounding, how much Talk is needed to fill
120gms? Nupercainal ointment -----------4%
Zinc oxide --------------------------20%
Talk ----------------------------------2%
A. 1.2gm B. 1.5gm C. 2.0gm D. 2.4gm
160. Newly established health facility wants to quantify pharmaceuticals for an annual
procurement. The institution uses consumption data from the nearby health facility for
quantification. Which method of quantification is the health facility used?
A. Morbidity method
B. Consumption method
C. Projection method
D. Adjusted consumption method

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