DNA Biology Science Education Presentation

REPORTERS:
-APRIL KIM
MOICO
-KRISTINE
GYUBGGNKUNGJGYGN
SARVIDA
STRUCTURAL AND
DEVELOPMENT
-GIAN RAM
HUSI
-TRISTAN GYUBGGNKUNG
CLUTARIO
CHARACTERISTICS OF
DNA SEQUENCE
LEARNING COMPENTENCIES
STATE WHAT DNA IS AND WHeRE IT
CAN BE FOUND
STrUCTURE OF DNA
DEVELOPMENT CHARACTERISTICS OF
DNA
HOW IT IS USE IN Classifying LIVING
THING
What is
DNA?
a presentation about all things DNA.
It is a molecule that contains the
genetic instructions of organism.
is the hereditary material in humans
and almost all other organisms
Why does every living
thing hAVE DNA?
WHAT IS ITS IMPORTANCE?
HOW DOES IT FUNCTION?
Every living organism, from the
smallest bacteria to the largest
whale, possesses DNA
(deoxyribonucleic acid) as the
fundamental blueprint for life.
The Central Dogma of Molecular Biology describes
The Central Dogma of Molecular Biology describes the the fundamental flow
of genetic information within a biological system.
fundamental flow of genetic information within a It outlines the process
by which DNA, the genetic blueprint, is used to create
biological system. It outlines the process by which DNA, proteins, the
workhorses of the cell.
the genetic blueprint, is used to create proteins, the
The Central Role of DNA in Life.
The Central Role of DNA in Life.
DNADNA
servesserves
as the primary repository of genetic information,
as the primary repository of genetic containing
the instructions necessary for an organism's development,
information, containing the instructions necessary for growth, and
survival.
an organism's development, growth, and survival.
The Central Dogma of Molecular Biology describes the fundamental flow
- Genetic Code: DNA is composed of four nucleotide
of genetic information within a biological system. It outlines the process
bases: adenine
by which DNA, (A),blueprint,
the genetic thymine (T),toguanine
is used (G), and
create proteins, the
cytosine (C). The specific sequence of these bases
The Central Role of DNA in
along the DNA molecule constitutes the geneticLife.
code, which
DNA serves as thedetermines theoforder
primary repository of aminocontaining
genetic information, acids in
the instructions necessary for an organism's development, growth, and
proteins.
survival.
- Protein Synthesis:
The information encoded in DNA is
transcribed into messenger RNA (mRNA),
which then travels to ribosomes, the
protein-making machinery of the cell.
- Inheritance:
DNA is passed down from parents
to offspring through replication, a
process that creates an exact copy
of the DNA molecule.
Where is DNA found?
DNA is in every cell of every living
thing. It is found within the
chromosomes of the cell.
Chromosomes work to build proteins
and assist in duplication or division of
the cells.
Structure of
DNA
The unique structure of DNA allows it
to be a hereditary molecule and allows
it to store instructions for directing cell
activities.
DNA stands for
DNA
deoxyribonucleic acid. It is
a long molecule made up
of monomers called
nucleotides.
PHOSPHATE
BASE
Deoxyribonucleic Acid
Sugar macro-molecule
[ stores the genetic material ]
DEOXYRIBOSE
SUGAR
The twisted ladder
shape is called a
double helix.
NITROGEN BASES
Adenine Thymine
Cytosine Guanine
Nucleotide
The backbone of
DNA is formed by
alternating sugar
and phosphates The rungs of the ladder are formed by the four
held together by a nitrogen bases and are held together by weak
strong bond. hydrogen bonds.
What does dNA look like?
The bases of DNA pair with
each other in a
Adenine Thymine
predictable way.
A ALWAYS PAIRS WITH T
Cytosine Guanine C ALWAYS PAIRS WITH G
DEVELOPMENT CHARACTERISTICS OF DNA SEQUENCE
REPLICATION
MUTATIONS
GENETIC RECOMBINATION
GENE REGULATION
EPIGENETICS
GENOMIC EVOLUTION
REPLICATION
This is the process by
which DNA makes a
copy of itself during cell
division. It ensures that
each new cell receives
an exact copy of the
DNA. helix
mutation
Changes in the DNA
sequence, known as
mutations, can occur
due to errors during
replication or due to
environmental factors.
GENETIC RECOMBINATION
This occurs during meiosis
when homologous
chromosomes exchange
genetic material. This
process increases genetic
diversity and contributes
to evolution.
GENETIC REGULATION
Is the mechanism
that tells the cells
when and how much
of a protein to
produce.
EPIGENETICS
Refers to how your
behaviour and
evironment can cause
changes that affect
the way your genes
work.
GENOMIC EVOLUTION
The Process by which a
genome changes in structure
(sequence) or size over time.
This leads to genetic
diversity and the adaptation
of organisms to changing
environments.
CLASSIFYING
LIVING THINGS
STRUCTURAL CHARACTERISCTICS OF DNA
Gene Structure and Organization:
Gene structure includes the arrangement of coding

regions (exons) and non-coding regions (introns)
within a gene.
Variations in gene structure and organization among
species can reveal evolutionary relationships.
Genomic Architecture:
This includes the overall arrangement of genes on

chromosomes and the presence of large-scale
genomic features such as repetitive elements or
gene duplications. Patterns in genomic
architecture, such as the presence of certain
repetitive DNA sequences or chromosomal
rearrangements, can help classify organisms.
Genetic Markers
Genetic markers are used to identify and

compare genetic variations among species. By
examining these markers, scientists can
classify organisms into groups based on their
genetic differences.
Gene Expression Patterns:
A matrix containing the expression a level of a set of

genes. ( Rows) in a set of cells (columns).
This is How genes are turned on or off during different
stages of development or in response to
environmental conditions.
This is how a cell is functioning at a specific time.
Developmental Gene Networks:
Gene networks can reveal how genes

interact to control development.
Similarities in these networks can help
classify organisms into related groups.
Evolutionary Developmental Biology (Evo-

Devo):
Evo-Devo examines how alterations in developmental
genes and pathways lead to the diversity of life forms.
By studying these changes, scientists can classify
organisms based on evolutionary changes in
developmental processes, helping to understand how
different species have evolved.
QUIZ TIME
St. Alypius!!
(1-2) Define DNA
(3-6) Give atleast 4
Development
Characteristics of DNA
sequence
( 7-10) Give atleast 4
Structure
Characteristics of DNA
THANK
YOU

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REPORTERS:

Gene structure includes the arrangement of coding

This includes the overall arrangement of genes on

Genetic markers are used to identify and

Gene Expression Patterns:

A matrix containing the expression a level of a set of

Developmental Gene Networks:

Gene networks can reveal how genes

Evolutionary Developmental Biology (Evo-

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