Unit 4: Weightage 5 marks

Q.4.A. or B ( Attempt any one) 5 marks

Questions for 5 marks

Note: Below are the pointers for the questions you can elaborate and write in your own
words.

1.. Examine the terms: Innovation, Creativity, and Invention. Interpret the need for these
concepts in today’s business environment, providing examples of how they contribute to
organizational success.

Answer:
Innovation, creativity, and invention are closely related but distinct concepts that are vital to
modern business success.

 Creativity is the ability to generate new and original ideas.

 Invention refers to the creation of something entirely new, often in the form of a product
or solution.

 Innovation is the practical implementation of new ideas, which can include improving
existing products, services, or processes to add value.

In today’s fast-paced business environment, organizations must leverage these concepts to stay
competitive. For example, companies like Apple (innovation), Tesla (invention), and Google
(creativity) rely on these principles to develop market-leading products, solve complex
challenges, and foster ongoing growth. By focusing on innovation, businesses ensure long-term
relevance and the ability to meet changing customer needs.

2. Apply the stages in the design thinking process to address a specific challenge faced by an
organization while implementing innovative ideas or products. Provide a hypothetical example
to illustrate your explanation.

Answer:
The design thinking process consists of five stages: Empathize, Define, Ideate, Prototype, and
Test.

Challenge: A company struggles with low customer engagement in its e-commerce platform.

 Empathize: Research customers' frustrations, such as slow website load times and poor
mobile experience.

 Define: Clearly define the problem as “customers are abandoning carts due to website
inefficiency.”
  Ideate: Brainstorm solutions, like improving the mobile interface or introducing AI-
driven recommendations.

 Prototype: Develop a new mobile app version that’s faster and more user-friendly.

 Test: Release a beta version and gather feedback to refine the solution.

By following these stages, the company can innovate its product design and improve customer
experience, leading to increased engagement and sales.

3. Apply the concepts of innovation, creativity, and invention to a real-world business scenario.
Examine how these elements can be integrated to solve a specific problem faced by an
organization.

Answer:
Consider a food delivery company that is facing challenges with increasing delivery times and
customer dissatisfaction.

 Creativity: The team thinks creatively to explore alternative delivery methods, such as
using drones or autonomous vehicles.

 Invention: They invent a new drone delivery system that reduces delivery time by
bypassing traffic.

 Innovation: They integrate the drone system into their existing app and operations to
provide customers with faster, more efficient service.

Through the integration of creativity (idea generation), invention (drone technology), and
innovation (practical application in service), the company solves the problem of slow delivery
and enhances customer satisfaction, thereby gaining a competitive edge.

4. In the context of innovative management, illustrate the importance of understanding and

defining design thinking. How can a company leverage the stages of the design thinking
process to enhance its product development?

Answer:
Design thinking provides a structured framework to approach problem-solving from a user-
centered perspective. Understanding and defining this approach is critical in innovative
management as it ensures that product development is driven by real customer needs, rather
than assumptions.

By following the design thinking stages, a company can:

 Empathize with customers to understand their pain points.

 Define the problem clearly.

  Ideate potential solutions that address real needs.

 Prototype early versions to gather feedback.

 Test and refine the product for better outcomes.

For example, IDEO, a global design company, has used design thinking to develop
groundbreaking products like the Apple mouse and the Nike Flyknit shoe, ensuring the
solutions are both creative and practical.

5. Write the Key Differences between Creativity and Innovation with help of suitable examples.

Answer:

 Creativity is the ability to generate novel ideas or concepts. It is the initial spark or
thinking process that leads to new possibilities.

o Example: A team brainstorming ideas for a new app interface.

 Innovation is the application of creative ideas into real-world solutions that create value.

o Example: A company transforming a creative app concept into a fully functional

product that enhances user experience.

Key Difference: Creativity is about ideation, while innovation is about execution and bringing
ideas to life.

6. Write the Key Differences between Invention and Innovation with help of suitable examples.

Answer:

 Invention refers to the creation of something entirely new, often groundbreaking, that
has never existed before.

o Example: The invention of the light bulb by Thomas Edison.

 Innovation involves improving or finding new uses for existing products or ideas.

o Example: Apple innovating on existing mobile phones to create the iPhone,

integrating new features like touchscreens and apps to redefine the smartphone.

Key Difference: Invention is about creating something new, while innovation is about
improving and applying those creations to meet needs.
7. Articulate the major differences of Wicked and Tame problems in Innovation Management.

Answer:

 Wicked Problems are complex, ill-defined, and have no clear solution. These problems
often require creative thinking and adaptive solutions.

o Example: Climate change or poverty.

 Tame Problems are more straightforward, well-defined, and can be solved through a
structured approach.

o Example: Designing a more efficient manufacturing process.

Key Difference: Wicked problems are complex and ever-changing, requiring iterative
solutions, while tame problems can be solved through clear, predictable methods.

8. Imagine you are part of a team tasked with developing a new product to address a common
environmental issue in your community. Apply the concepts of innovation, creativity, and
invention to outline a plan for this product. Your plan should include:

1. A brief description of the environmental issue you aim to address.

 The community faces excessive plastic waste and pollution.

2. The innovative aspects of your product.

 Develop a biodegradable plastic alternative made from plant-based materials, which

decomposes quickly and reduces landfill waste.

3. Creative strategies you would employ to develop this product.

 Use design thinking to prototype the product with input from environmental experts
and community members.

 Organize hackathons to gather creative ideas for improving the material's strength and
usability.

By addressing the environmental issue through a blend of creativity (generating new ideas),
invention (creating a new biodegradable material), and innovation (practical application in the
market), the product offers an effective solution to the community’s plastic waste problem.
9. Given a company struggling to keep up with industry trends, analyze how innovative
management practices could be implemented to enhance their competitive edge. What specific
strategies would you recommend?

Answer:

 Implement open innovation by collaborating with startups, academic institutions, and

customers to co-create new products and services.

 Adopt agile management practices to quickly iterate on product designs and respond to
changing market demands.

 Foster a culture of creativity by encouraging employees to think outside the box and
rewarding innovative ideas.

 Use design thinking to empathize with customers, define their pain points, and innovate
solutions that meet emerging trends.

These strategies can help the company stay ahead of trends by continuously evolving its
products and services, and by involving diverse perspectives in the innovation process.

10. Imagine you are a manager in a tech startup. Illustrate how innovative management can
foster a culture of creativity and collaboration among your team members. What steps would
you take?

Answer:

 Encourage open communication: Create an environment where all ideas are welcome,
and employees feel free to share unconventional thoughts.

 Provide resources for experimentation: Allocate time and resources for team members
to work on side projects or innovative solutions, fostering a sense of ownership.

 Promote cross-functional collaboration: Facilitate regular team brainstorming sessions

and encourage collaboration across departments to stimulate diverse ideas.

 Celebrate failure as learning: Reinforce that failure is a part of innovation and

encourage the team to learn from mistakes rather than fear them.
11.Evaluate the effectiveness of a recent innovative management initiative in any well-
known company. How did the initiative impact employee engagement and organizational
performance?

One recent example of an innovative management initiative is Microsoft's shift to a "growth

mindset" culture under CEO Satya Nadella. The initiative encouraged a focus on continuous
learning, collaboration, and embracing challenges rather than being afraid of failure. The
initiative led to a significant boost in employee engagement as it fostered a more open and
supportive environment. Employees felt empowered to take risks, share ideas, and grow in their
roles, which in turn enhanced organizational performance. By focusing on internal
development and breaking down silos, Microsoft improved innovation and productivity,
contributing to its financial performance and market competitiveness.

12. Develop a strategic plan for a mid-sized company looking to incorporate innovative
management into their operations. What key components would you include to ensure
successful implementation?

A strategic plan for incorporating innovative management in a mid-sized company should

focus on the following components:

 Leadership Commitment: Ensure top management is committed to fostering a culture

of innovation through clear communication and role modeling.

 Employee Empowerment: Develop programs that encourage employees at all levels

to contribute ideas, with a focus on cross-functional collaboration.

 Training and Development: Provide ongoing learning opportunities to build

creativity, problem-solving skills, and a deep understanding of new technologies.

 Process Innovation: Streamline processes to encourage faster decision-making and

reduce barriers to experimentation.

 Feedback Mechanisms: Implement continuous feedback loops from both employees

and customers to gauge the effectiveness of new ideas and make adjustments as needed.

 Measurement and Metrics: Use key performance indicators (KPIs) such as employee
engagement, project outcomes, and customer satisfaction to track progress and impact.

13. A company is facing resistance from employees regarding new innovative

management practices. Propose a solution to address this resistance and outline the
methods you would use to gain buy-in from staff.

To address resistance to new innovative management practices, it is important to first

understand the root causes of the resistance—whether it's fear of change, lack of understanding,
or perceived threat to job security. A solution would involve:

 Clear Communication: Provide transparent communication about the reasons for the
change, its benefits, and how it aligns with the company's long-term goals.
  Employee Involvement: Involve employees early in the process by seeking their input
on proposed changes and demonstrating that their opinions matter.

 Training and Support: Offer training to equip employees with the skills needed to
succeed in the new environment, and provide ongoing support through coaching or
mentoring.

 Pilot Programs: Introduce innovative practices in small, manageable projects or

departments before rolling them out company-wide. This allows employees to see
success stories and feel less overwhelmed.

 Leadership Role Modeling: Ensure leaders are seen actively participating in and
supporting the new practices to reinforce their importance.

14. Given a product that has received negative feedback from users, analyze how the
design thinking process could be applied to redesign the product. What specific steps
would you take through each stage of the design thinking process?

To redesign a product based on negative user feedback using the Design Thinking process, the
following steps can be applied:

 Empathize: Conduct user interviews, surveys, or observation to understand why users

are dissatisfied and what their needs and pain points are. Gather both qualitative and
quantitative data to get a comprehensive view.

 Define: Clearly define the problem statement by synthesizing insights from the
empathy phase. For example, “Users find the product difficult to navigate and not
intuitive.”

 Ideate: Brainstorm a variety of potential solutions, focusing on creative approaches to

address the identified pain points. Encourage wild ideas and collaboration to explore
all possibilities.

 Prototype: Develop low-fidelity prototypes (e.g., wireframes, mock-ups, or paper

models) that represent possible solutions. The focus should be on testing concepts, not
perfection.

 Test: Conduct usability testing with real users, gathering feedback on prototypes.
Refine and iterate based on their input, identifying which solutions best address their
needs.

15. Imagine you are leading a team tasked with improving customer service at a retail
store. Determine how you would implement the design thinking stages to develop a
solution that enhances the customer experience.

To improve customer service at a retail store, the Design Thinking process can be applied as
follows:
  Empathize: Observe and interview customers in-store to understand their pain points
(e.g., long wait times, difficulty finding products). Engage with employees to gain
insights into their challenges and feedback from the floor.

 Define: Based on the empathy phase, define the problem, such as "Customers
experience long wait times at checkout and are frustrated by the lack of personalized
service."

 Ideate: Brainstorm solutions such as implementing mobile checkouts, training staff to

offer more personalized service, or developing a rewards program that encourages
customer loyalty.

 Prototype: Develop and test low-cost prototypes such as a mobile checkout app, new
signage, or an improved store layout to optimize customer flow.

 Test: Trial the solutions with a small group of customers and gather their feedback. Use
this to refine the ideas and make improvements before full-scale implementation.

16. In a team meeting, you are discussing a new project. Illustrate how the design thinking
stages can propose an innovative solution to a problem your team has identified. Relate
techniques you would use at each stage to gather insights and ideas.

In a team meeting discussing a new project, Design Thinking can be used as follows:

 Empathize: Conduct interviews, surveys, or ethnographic research to understand the

problem from the user's perspective. Use techniques like journey mapping or
shadowing to gain insights into user behavior and pain points.

 Define: Synthesize insights from the empathy phase into a clear and concise problem
statement. Use frameworks like "How Might We" questions to articulate the problem
in a way that inspires creative solutions.

 Ideate: Brainstorm a wide range of ideas with your team, encouraging wild ideas and
deferred judgment. Use techniques like mind mapping or SCAMPER (Substitute,
Combine, Adapt, Modify, Put to another use, Eliminate, and Reverse) to generate
diverse solutions.

 Prototype: Build quick, low-cost prototypes of the most promising ideas. These could
be sketches, wireframes, or even role-playing exercises to simulate different user
experiences.

 Test: Share the prototypes with potential users or stakeholders and gather feedback
through interviews, surveys, or user testing. Refine the prototypes based on their input.

17. Select a well-known company that utilizes design thinking in its new product
development. Determine how effectively they have implemented the stages of design
thinking and suggest improvements that could enhance their process.
Apple is a well-known company that employs Design Thinking in its product development,
especially for products like the iPhone, Apple Watch, and AirPods. They excel at empathizing
with customers through continuous market research and user feedback, clearly defining user
problems, and ideating intuitive and aesthetically pleasing solutions. However, Apple could
further enhance their process by:

 Expanding User Involvement: While Apple conducts user testing, increasing the
diversity of users involved at each stage of development could lead to more innovative
solutions that appeal to a broader range of customers.

 Iterative Prototyping: While Apple is known for high-quality prototypes,

incorporating more iterative testing and refining with smaller, quicker prototypes could
help in identifying issues earlier in the development cycle.

18. A tech start-up aims to launch a wearable health device. Examine how the design
thinking process could be applied to identify and validate user requirements. Relate
techniques you would use in each stage to ensure that the final product effectively
addresses user needs.

For a wearable health device, the Design Thinking process would unfold as:

 Empathize: Conduct interviews, surveys, and field research to understand the needs of
target users (e.g., fitness enthusiasts, elderly individuals, or individuals with chronic
conditions). Observe their daily routines, and identify pain points with existing health
devices.

 Define: Develop a clear problem statement, such as "Users struggle to track specific
health metrics like heart rate variability in real-time without overwhelming
notifications."

 Ideate: Brainstorm possible features like real-time health alerts, user-friendly

interfaces, or seamless integration with other health apps. Use co-creation workshops
with potential users to refine ideas.

 Prototype: Build low-fidelity prototypes or mockups of the wearable device and its
interface. Use these to explore different form factors, user interactions, and screen
layouts.

 Test: Conduct usability testing, focusing on accuracy, comfort, and ease of use. Collect
feedback on features, aesthetics, and functionality, and refine the design based on user
input.

19. Imagine you are leading a team tasked with developing a new educational tool for
remote learning. Examine how you would utilize the stages of the Design Thinking model
to iterate on your ideas. Point out approaches that you would take to gather feedback and
refine your solutions at each stage.
To develop a new educational tool for remote learning, Design Thinking could be applied as
follows:

 Empathize: Interview students, teachers, and administrators to understand the

challenges they face with remote learning tools (e.g., engagement issues, usability,
technical barriers). Use surveys and observation in virtual classrooms.

 Define: Synthesize findings into clear problem statements like "Students feel
disconnected and distracted during virtual classes" or "Teachers find it difficult to track
student progress in real-time."

 Ideate: Brainstorm ideas like gamification features, more interactive lesson plans, or
better tools for tracking student progress. Use user personas to guide ideation based on
specific needs.

 Prototype: Create low-fidelity prototypes of the tool with basic functionalities such as
a dashboard for tracking student progress or interactive elements like quizzes and
chatrooms.

 Test: Pilot the tool with a small group of students and teachers, collecting both
quantitative and qualitative feedback to assess engagement and effectiveness. Refine
the tool based on feedback and retest in multiple iterations.

20. A tech company wants to enhance its existing product line using the Design Thinking
model. Outline a plan that details how to progress through each stage of the model,
focusing on how to gather user feedback and incorporate it into the design process.

For enhancing an existing product line using Design Thinking, the following plan could be
applied:

 Empathize: Conduct in-depth user interviews, focus groups, and customer surveys to
understand the current product's shortcomings and user needs.

 Define: Analyze feedback to create clear problem statements that reflect the core issues
users face with the existing product.

 Ideate: Use brainstorming sessions, creative thinking workshops, and user personas to
generate multiple ideas that address these challenges.

 Prototype: Develop new iterations or enhancements to the existing product, focusing

on incorporating user-requested features.

 Test: Use beta testing, A/B testing, and usability testing with a diverse group of users
to gather feedback on new features, performance, and overall satisfaction. Use this
feedback to iterate on the design and ensure the product evolves to meet user needs.
21.Evaluating Design Solutions After Mixed User Feedback Using the Design Thinking
Multi-Stage Model

When the initial user feedback is mixed, it is essential to systematically evaluate the design and
iterate based on insights gained from the Design Thinking process. Here's how you could apply
each stage to improve the solution:

 Empathize: Revisit the user research to ensure that the right user problems were
identified. If feedback is mixed, it might indicate that the initial user personas or user
needs were misunderstood or incomplete. Conduct additional interviews, observations,
or surveys to dig deeper into users' pain points, preferences, and expectations. Engaging
with a broader sample or conducting more in-depth user testing (e.g., usability tests)
may reveal new insights.

 Define: Analyze whether the problem statement still aligns with users' actual needs.
Are there aspects of the problem you overlooked or misunderstood? Redefine the
problem based on the new insights gathered in the empathize stage. Refining the
problem definition will guide the team to focus on the most pressing user needs and
help prevent the team from chasing solutions that are not aligned with what users truly
require.

 Ideate: Reflect on the initial design concepts and assess whether they fully address the
refined problem. Are there better solutions out there? Ideation should be a continuous
process, so organize brainstorming sessions or workshops with a diverse group to
generate fresh ideas. Bring in alternative perspectives—such as those from different
departments or external experts—to challenge assumptions and identify novel
solutions.

 Prototype: If the initial prototype is generating mixed feedback, iterate quickly. Based
on user feedback, create low-fidelity prototypes of potential alternative solutions. This
stage is about experimenting and refining; the goal is to fail fast and learn from those
failures to improve the design. Test new prototypes with users, and refine them based
on ongoing user input.

 Test: Return to user testing with the updated prototype. Conduct tests that allow you to
gather concrete data on how users are interacting with the design. Compare this data
with the original testing to see if the new iterations have solved the issues identified in
the earlier stages. Use both qualitative feedback (observations, interviews) and
quantitative metrics (e.g., task completion rate, time on task) to gauge success.
22. Applying Design Thinking to a Community Health Initiative for a Nonprofit
Organization

To ensure a community health initiative addresses real needs, the nonprofit organization can
follow the Design Thinking stages:

 Empathize: Begin by deeply understanding the community’s health concerns. This can
involve interviews, surveys, focus groups, and observational research. Engage with
community members, local health professionals, and stakeholders to gather insights
into their needs, challenges, and aspirations. Also, identify any cultural or social factors
that might influence health behaviors in the community.

 Define: Synthesize the insights gathered in the empathy stage into a clear, actionable
problem statement. For example, the problem could be, "How might we improve access
to mental health services for youth in the community?" Ensure that the problem
definition is specific and focused on the needs of the target population.

 Ideate: Brainstorm potential solutions with community members, healthcare providers,

and other relevant stakeholders. Encourage creativity and include diverse perspectives
in the ideation process. Possible solutions might include awareness campaigns,
community wellness workshops, mobile health services, or peer support groups.

 Prototype: Develop low-fidelity prototypes of the most promising solutions. These

could include flyers for health awareness campaigns, a pilot wellness program, or a
digital platform for health resources. Prototypes don't have to be fully developed; they
should be simple and tangible enough to test ideas with the community.

 Test: Implement the prototypes on a small scale to collect feedback and data. Test how
the community interacts with the initiative, and gather both qualitative and quantitative
feedback. Use this feedback to make adjustments and improvements. For example, you
might find that a particular approach to mental health services isn't accessible to certain
demographics, prompting you to modify the service offering.

Each stage in this process helps refine the initiative based on community input and ensures that
it is tailored to meet actual needs.

23. Structuring an Interdisciplinary Project for Project-Based Learning (PBL)

Here’s an example of a collaborative project that spans multiple disciplines:

Project Title: Sustainable Urban Farming Solution

 Science: Students will research sustainable farming practices, including hydroponics,

aquaponics, and vertical farming. They will examine the scientific principles behind
soil health, water cycles, and plant biology.
  Math: Students will calculate space requirements, analyze the cost of materials, and
develop a budget for the project. They will also create growth charts and analyze data
related to the yield and efficiency of different farming systems.

 Engineering: Students will design a prototype for an urban farming system, selecting
appropriate materials and technology for irrigation, lighting, and temperature control.
They will also build models of the farm and test the designs.

 Social Studies: Students will investigate the social, cultural, and economic implications
of urban farming. They could study how urban farming could address food insecurity,
contribute to local economies, and promote sustainable communities.

 Art: Students will design branding for the project (e.g., logo, promotional materials)
and create visual representations of the farming systems, including diagrams, posters,
and multimedia presentations.

The goal of this project is to integrate learning across disciplines and encourage students to see
how different fields contribute to solving real-world problems. Students should work
collaboratively, applying critical thinking and problem-solving skills while engaging in hands-
on activities.

24. Introducing a Project-Based Learning Approach to Your Team

As a mentor, introducing PBL to your team involves guiding them through these phases:

 Select a Relevant Project Topic: Choose a topic that is both engaging and meaningful
to students. For example, "Designing a Sustainable School Garden" could be a relevant
and actionable topic that ties into science, environmental studies, and social
responsibility.

 Phase 1 - Define the Challenge: Start by having the students understand the problem
(e.g., how can we create a sustainable garden at our school?) and clarify the project’s
goals. Students should research the subject and explore possible solutions.

 Phase 2 - Plan and Collaborate: Facilitate brainstorming sessions where students can
generate ideas, plan logistics, and delegate roles. Encourage them to work
collaboratively and break down the project into manageable tasks.

 Phase 3 - Research and Design: Guide students in conducting research on gardening

techniques, sustainable practices, and environmental impact. They should then design
their garden plan, considering different elements such as plant species, water
conservation methods, and soil health.

 Phase 4 - Prototype and Test: Students can begin creating a model or prototype of the
garden. They will need to test their ideas on a smaller scale, collect data, and refine
their designs.
  Phase 5 - Present and Reflect: At the end of the project, students should present their
findings and the final garden design to the school community. Include a reflection phase
where they analyze what worked, what didn’t, and what they learned from the process.

This approach helps foster collaboration, inquiry, and critical thinking.

25. Applying PBL, UbD, and DT to a New Curriculum

Each of these frameworks offers distinct benefits:

 PBL (Project-Based Learning): PBL fosters engagement through real-world, hands-

on projects that integrate skills across disciplines. It builds critical thinking, creativity,
and collaboration as students work together to solve complex problems.

 UbD (Understanding by Design): UbD focuses on aligning learning goals with

assessments and instructional methods. It promotes deep understanding by starting with
the end in mind (desired outcomes) and designing backwards. This helps in creating
curriculum frameworks that focus on developing transferable skills and deep
conceptual understanding.

 DT (Design Thinking): DT emphasizes empathy, problem-solving, and iterative

design. It's a human-centered approach that encourages innovation and ensures the final
product meets real user needs. DT is particularly useful when the curriculum aims to be
flexible and responsive to students' evolving needs and interests.

In combination, these approaches can create a curriculum that is engaging, deeply meaningful,
and responsive to both students' needs and real-world challenges.

26. Designing a Project for College Students Using PBL Principles and Adapting it for
UbD

PBL Project: Reviving Traditional Knowledge Systems in Modern India

 Objective: Students will research various aspects of the Indian Knowledge System
(IKS), such as Ayurveda, Yoga, Vastu Shastra, and indigenous agricultural practices.
They will develop projects that integrate traditional knowledge with modern practices,
such as creating a digital platform to educate the public or designing a sustainable
product using traditional techniques.

 Process: Students will conduct research, interviews with experts, create prototypes or
media campaigns, and test their ideas within the community.

UbD Adaptation:

 Desired Results: Focus on understanding the cultural, historical, and practical

applications of IKS, and how it can be integrated into contemporary contexts.
  Assessment Evidence: Students will be assessed on their ability to connect traditional
and modern knowledge, as well as the practicality and cultural relevance of their
solutions.

 Learning Plan: The curriculum would emphasize understanding the principles behind
IKS, comparing them to modern scientific or technological practices, and presenting
creative solutions that respect both tradition and innovation.

By following UbD, the learning objectives would focus on deep conceptual understanding,
inquiry into the implications of traditional knowledge, and applying it creatively, rather than
just focusing on the process.

27. Applying Design Thinking to an Engineering Team Creating a Personal Fitness App

To ensure the fitness app meets user needs, Design Thinking stages would play a key role:

 Empathize: Conduct user research (surveys, interviews, and usage data) to understand
the fitness goals, challenges, and preferences of potential users. What are the pain points
in current fitness apps, and what features are most desired (e.g., personalized workouts,
progress tracking, motivation)?

 Define: Based on user feedback, create a problem statement like: “How might we
design a fitness app that is personalized, motivating, and easy to use for a wide range
of users?”

 Ideate: Brainstorm features and user flows. Possible ideas could include customizable
workout plans, gamification features (e.g., challenges, achievements), and social
features (e.g., sharing progress with friends).

 Prototype: Build low-fidelity prototypes of the app with basic features such as workout
tracking or progress visualization. The goal is to test different ideas and refine them.

 Test: Test prototypes with real users to gather feedback on functionality, usability, and
engagement. Use this feedback to tweak the design before launching a more polished
version.