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    Ge3 Week 10

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    Ge3 Week 10

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    GE3-WEEK-10

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    Ge3 Week 10

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    of 6

    SANTO TOMAS COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE,

    SCIENCES AND TECHNOLOGY


    Feeder Road 4, Brgy. Tibal-og, Santo Tomas, Davao del Norte, Philippines

    GE 3
    THE CONTEMPORARY
    WORLD
    CHAPTER 7
    • Global media culture
    • Various forms of global integration
    • Dynamics between local and global cultural production
    • Globalization of religion

    In this lesson, challenge


    yourself to:

    • Analyze how various media drive


    various forms of global integration
    ABSTRACTION

    Global Media Cultures

    The media have a very important impact on cultural globalization in two


    mutually interdependent ways: Firstly, the media provide an extensive transnational
    transmission of cultural products and, secondly, they contribute to the formation of
    communicative networks and social structures. The rapidly growing supply of media
    products from an international media culture presents a challenge to existing local and
    national cultures. The sheer volume of the supply, as well as the vast technological
    infrastructure and financial capital that pushes this supply forward, have a considerable
    impact on local patterns of cultural consumption and possibilities for sustaining an
    independent cultural production. Global media cultures create a continuous cultural
    exchange, in which crucial aspects such as identity, nationality, religion, behavioral
    norms and way of life are continuously questioned and challenged. These cultural
    encounters often involve the meeting of cultures with a different socio-economic base,
    typically a transnational and commercial cultural industry on one side and a national,
    publicly regulated cultural industry on the other side.

    Due to their very structure, global media promote a restructuring of


    cultural and social communities. The media such as the press, and later radio and tv
    have been very important institutions for the formation of national communities. Global
    media support the creation of new communities. The Internet, for example, not only
    facilitates communication across the globe, but also supports the formation of new
    social communities in which members can interact with each other. And satellite tv and
    radio allow immigrants to be in close contact with their homeland's language and
    culture while they gradually accommodate to a new cultural environment. The common
    point of departure is the assumption that a series of international media constitutes a
    global cultural supply in itself and serves as an independent agency for cultural and
    social globalization, in which cultural communities are continuously restructured and
    redefined. (Source: Website)

    In other words, media cultures take part in the process of globalization,


    including how they challenge existing cultures and create new and alternative symbolic
    and cultural communities.
    Various Forms of Global Integration

    Global integration is not a new phenomenon in today's contemporary


    world. Trade took place between distant civilizations even in ancient times. This
    globalization process in the economic domain has not always proceeded smoothly
    has it benefited all whom it was offered, But, despite occasional interruptions, such
    as the collapse of the Roman Empire or during the interwar period in this century,
    the degree of economics integration among different societies around the world
    has generally been rising in the past half century, and ever greater than it has
    been and is likely to improve.

    There are three (3) factors that have affected the process of
    economic globalization. These are:

    1. Improvements in transportation and communication technology have reduced


    the cost of transporting goods, services and factors of production and
    communicating economically useful knowledge and technology

    2. Tastes of individuals and, societies have generally but not universally, favored
    taking advantage of the opportunities provided by declining costs of transportation
    and communication through increasing economic integration.

    3. The character and pace of economic integration have been significantly


    influenced by public policies, although it is not always in the direction of increasing
    economic integration.

    Thus, technology, tastes, and public policy each have important


    influence on the pattern and pace of economies in its various dimensions.

    Dynamics Between Local and Global Cultural Production

    Paulo Emanuel Novais Guimarães pointed out that the advent of the
    category 'world music' led to both an unprecedented level of (re)discovery of local
    music scenes and to an assemblance of an intricate global musical platform in the
    contemporary age of globalization. The processes in which local cultures express
    and engage themselves with broader global networks and the other way around
    can be claimed to be indispensable sources of knowledge in the analytical
    approach of socio-political concerns, these being of small or large-scale societies.
    Extremely frequent in debates on globalization is after all the dichotomic struggle
    between the concrete and human 'local' against the abstract and dehumanizing
    'global' (Wilson & Dissanayake, 1996: 22). In order to apprehend how this
    relationship has indeed been marked at times by oppression and domination, the
    critical theories of authors such as Edward Said, Homi K. Bhabha and Immanuel
    Wallerstein will be applied to cases of local and global music industry operations.
    This lesson aims nonetheless, above all, to provide a concise yet consistent
    introduction to how this relation goes beyond the criticisms of cultural imperialism
    and Americanization, to how multifarious this relation can be. Key issues
    represented by the binary concepts of authenticity and homogeneity and of
    production, distribution and marketing of cultural products, will be referred to.
    Without trying to uphold a modernocentric view that admits the rise of globalization
    as a recent phenomenon, the commercial dynamics between the global and the
    local in world music approached, will be mostly from the 1950's onwards.

    Globalization of Religion

    One may ask: what is the relation of religion to globalization? First,


    there is the way in which globalization flattens out cultural differences, erodes local
    customs and beliefs, and spreads a secular, capitalist way of life that us at odds
    with religions of all sorts. At the same time, there is the way in which religion
    serves as the source of globalization's greatest resistance and as a haven for
    those standing in opposition to its ubiquitous yet often subtle power.

    In both of these views, the relationship between religion and


    globalization is antagonistic-one of struggle and conflict.

    While opposition is an important aspect of the relationship between


    religion and globalization, to see them only as foes misses some of the
    complexities of their interaction, not only in the past but in the postmodern world
    as well.

    Religion and globalization can also be seen as partners in historical


    change. In times past, religion, in various manifestations, has been a carrier of
    globalizing tendencies in the world. The history of Christianity, of course, can be
    understood in part as an early effort to create a global network of believers. Its
    extraordinary growth and influence as a world religion was a result of a link
    between its own global ambitions and the expansion of various political and
    economic regimes. It succeeded as a globalizing force long before there was a
    phenomenon called "globalization." Elements of this historical pattern can be
    found in Buddhism, Islam, and other faiths as well.

    Religion is hardly epi-phenomenal to the processes of globalization


    in our own day. It continues to be a player in intricate and even contradictory ways.
    To be sure, it was once thought that secularization was the inevitable outcome of
    the processes we call "modernity." Clearly this has not been the case. Religious
    faith persists in a complex interaction with the structures and processes of the
    modern world and that complexity has only intensified under the conditions of
    contemporary globalization.
    Sassen (1991) used the concept of global cities to describe the three
    urban centers of New York, London, and Tokyo as economic centers that exert
    control over the world’s political economy. World cities are categorized. As such
    based on the global reach of organizations found in them. Not only are there
    inequalities between these cities, there also exists inequalities within each city
    (Beaverstock et al.,2002). Alternatively, following Castells (2000), these cities can
    be seen as important nodes in a variety of global networks.

    Although cities are major beneficiaries of globalization, Bauman


    (2003) claimed that they are also the most severely affected by global problems.
    Therefore, the city faces peculiar political problems, wherein it is often fruitlessly
    seeking to deal locally with global problems and “local politics has become
    hopelessly overloaded” (p.102).

    Theories of Global Stratification

    For much of human history, all of the societies on earth were poor.
    Poverty was the norm for everyone but obviously, that is not the case anymore.
    Just as you find stratification among socioeconomic classes within a society like
    the Philippines, you would also see across the world a pattern of global
    stratification with inequalities in wealth and power between societies. So what
    made some parts of the world develop faster, economically speaking, than others?
    We may draw answers by looking at the different theories of global stratification.

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