UNIT 1.

BLOOD
Donor: Have you done taking my blood yet?
Nurse: Okay, Miss Anh, we’re almost done. Hold still for a little longer.
Donor: Sure. So, my blood might go to the local hospitals and surgical centers for
transfusions, right?
Nurse: Of course, we will give it to needy recipients.
Donor: Okay..could you tell me when we need blood transfusion?
Nurse: Blood transfusions replace blood that is lost through surgery or injury or provide
it if your body is not making blood properly.
Donor: I heard that people who have anemia, sickle cell disease, a bleeding disorder
such as hemophilia, or cancer also need blood transfusion, right?
Nurse: Exacly!
Donor: I see. Could everyone receive my blood?
Nurse: Yes, fortunately, your blood is Type O. We are always looking for donors with
Type O since everyone’s blood is compatible with it.
Donor: Really? I’m very happy to hear that, can you explain what type O mean? And
how many blood types are there?
Nurse: Human blood falls into four main types: A, B, AB, and O. These types are based
on the antigens on red blood cells and antibodies found in each person’s serum. And
type O doesns’t have neither A nor B antigen.
Donor: Wow, that’s interesting! I wonder…what happens if someone gets a transfusion
with the wrong type?
Nurse: That can be dangerous or even fatal. Giving recipients the wrong type can cause
blood clots. While some clotting is necessary to form platelets, clotting within blood
vessels can be very dangerous.
Donor: Then, you must have to be careful about labeling the blood.
Nurse: Don’t worry, our on-site labs analyze each sample of plasma to ensure we’re
providing safe blood and we keep very careful records here to make sure no one gets
the wrong blood type.
Donor: Okay, I get it, can you tell me what to do after donating blood?
Nurse: Sure. You should drink extra fluids, consider adding iron-rich foods to your diet to
replace the iron lost with blood donation.
Donor: Thank you a lot, I will. I heard that donating blood also give benefits to the
donors like: reveal potential health problems, reduce harmful iron stores and even
lower risk of suffering a heart attack…etc.. but of course, the most important part of the
process is helping to save lives.
Nurse: Yes, you’re right. Thanks for giving blood. Your blood may save the life of
someone in need. We’re really appreciate it.
Donor: You’re welcome.
UNIT 2: BONES

Doctor: So, Minh Thi, before we check the X-ray, I would like to ask you some questions.
Could you tell me the functions of the skeleton. ?

Student: Hmm, The skeleton provides the body’s basic framwork, protects vital organs,
Bones also assist the body in movement, because they serve as a point of attachment
for muscles.

Doctor: Great, The skeleton provides the body’s basic framework, while bone marrow is
an important part of the immune system.

Student: And what are some types of bone fractures?

Doctor There are several types of bone fractures. In a simple fracture, the bone is
broken but there is no open wound in the skin. In a compound fracture, the bone is
broken and a fragment of bone protrudes through an open wound in the skin.

Student:: And if you work with children, you will likely encounter greenstick fractures.
These common fractures occur when young, soft bones are bent.

Doctor: So, Minh Thi, tell me what you see in this X-ray.

Student:: Hmm, let's see. Well, there appears to be a fracture of the right humerus

Doctor: That's right. Can you identify the type of fracture?

Student:: It doesn't look too serious. The bone is typically cracked rather than broken all
the way through. This means no reponsitioning is necessary before the bone heals

Doctor: Are you sure? Maybe you should take a closer look.

Student:: Is that wrong? It's not comminuted, is it? I don’t see multiple bone fragments.

Doctor: No, it's not comminuted. You're right about that

Student:: Then I don't know. What am I missing?

Doctor: Can you see how the bone are crushed together?

Student:: Where? Oh, I see that now. Of course!

Doctor: Damaged bones must be treated carefully to avoid improper healing. So, what
do we have to do before the bone starts healing?

Student: We’ll need to reset the bone in the right place

Doctor :Yeah, you did it ! And What happens if the displace bone is not repositioned?

Student: If it is not realigned, it may cause permanent disability

Doctor :That’ right.

UNIT 3. SKIN
Patient: Good morning Dr.Thi, how are you?
Dr: I’m good. What brought you here today?
Patient: Well, my skin is very itchy and it’s turning red.
Dr: I see. Do you know what make it happened?
Patient: Hm.. I think it happened after a few minutes hugging my friend’s dog. First, it is
on my arms but now it appears on my neck, too.
Dr: Let me see…It looks like you get hives.
Pt: Hives? I heard of it before but I don’t know much about it. Is it bad?
Dr: It’s hard to tell. Hives are common and usually harmless. But occasionally they're a
sign of a serious allergic reaction. But I think you just get mild case.
Pt: What causes it?
Dr: Well, you get hives when something causes high levels of histamine and other
chemicals to be released in your skin. This is known as a trigger. The histamine and
chemicals cause inflammation and fluid to accumulate under the skin, causing wheals.
Pt: Okay…and what are the reasons of getting hives?
Dr: You can get hives for lots of different reasons. In over half of all cases, people never
find the exact cause. One common reason for getting hives is an allergic reaction. I think
you get allergy to dog hair.
Pt: I get it. Can we make it go away?

Dr: The best thing for you to do is avoid direct contact with dogs. Wash your arms and
legs carefully before and after touching them. Can you do it?

Pt: Of course. And I heard about some tips I can do while waiting for hives and swelling
to disappear likes: apply cool compresses or wet cloths to the affected areas, work and
sleep in a cool room or wear loose-fitting lightweight clothes. Is it true?

Dr: Yes. If you can do it, the hives will be treated better.
Pt: Thank you very much. I was scared when my skin started turning red, luckily it’s
alright now.

Dr: Don’t worry. Now, I will give you some medicines to treat the itching and prevent
new hives. You should call me back if you have hives with any of the following
symptoms: dizziness, wheezing, tightness in the chest or swelling of the tongue, lips, or
face.

Pt: Okay, I get it. Goodbye.

Dr: Goodbye. Get well soon!

UNIT 4: TAKING A HISTORY

Nurse: Dr. Nhu is busy with some work and She will be in shortly, Miss Thi. While you’re
waiting, I have a few questions about your past medical history

Pt: Of course. What do you need to know?

Nurse: You wrote on the form that you're suffering from chest pain

Pt: Yes. I’ve had this problem on and off for years

Nurse: Do you remember when exactly the onset of the problem was?

Pt : Let’ see. I think I first notice it about 2 years ago.

Nurse: Did that chest pain come on suddenly or gradually?

Pt : When I was cleaning the house it came suddenly.

Nurse: Can you describe what that chest pain feels like?

Pt : The pain came very quickly. I felt like a big pressure on the rib cage. I was unable to
breath well.

Nurse: Where exacly does it hurt?

Pt : It was on my left chest. I could feel every heart beats.

Nurse: It is called palpitations. And, how long did it last.

Pt : About 5 minutes

Nurse: Does the pain move anywhere else?

Pt : Just around the left chest.

Nurse: Does anything make it better or worse?

Pt : when the pain comes, i usually use painkillers to ease the pain and when i do heavy
work, the pain often comes on suddenly

Nurse: What were you doing at the time of onset?

Pt : I called my brother for his helps, took a rest and breathe deeply until I felt better.

Nurse: Do you have any associated symptoms?

Pt : I was really fatigue, heartbeat raised and difficulty breathing.

Nurse : Are you taking any medicine now?

Pt: I have use analgesic when they occur

Nurse: Have you ever been treated for the condition?

Pt : No. I did see a doctor once about it, but he couldn’t find the cause.

Nurse: Now I would like to discuss your family medical history. Does anyone in your
family have a history of heart problems?

Pt : Yes, my father has heart problems and my mother passed away because of heart
attack. Do you think that could be the problem?

Nurse: We don't know anything yet. We just want to get as much information as
possible so that doctors can use these details to discover possible causes of drug
conditions and establish a diagnosis. Thank you Thi for the information
UNIT 5. TALKING ABOUT SYMPTOMS

Pt: Good morning, Dr. How are you today?

Dr: Good morning. I’m good. Come and sit here, please. Tell me about your problems.
Pt: Well, I don’t feel good at all. Yesterday, I got a terrible stomache after having dinner.
Dr: I’m sorry to hear that. Does the pain go away?
Pt: No. It still hurts now.
Dr: Okay. Can you describe more about your pain?
Pt: Yeah. I have gripping pain around my navel, and it lasts 10 minutes every hour. I
can’t even sleep last night.
Dr: Hm… It’s seem to be quite serious. Did it start right after you have your meal?
Pt: It started after that 2 hours.

Dr: Okay. What makes it worse and what makes it better?

Pt: It’s worse when I try to stand up or bend down. And it’s better when I sit or lie down
on the bed and drink some water.
Dr: I get it. Did you have any other problems beside that?
Pt: Well, I also vomitted and had diarrhea twice. I felt a bit dizzy, too.
Dr: I understand. How about your weight? Have you noticed that you have increase or
decrease in weight?
Pt: I’ve lost five kilos in 2 months. That’s a bit too much.
Dr: Okay. Do you have any habits that you think is bad for your stomach?
Pt: Hm..I always eat late at night because I have to work all day. This habit is begun for 6
months. Everything was alright but I started to have stomache a month ago. It’s just
mild case at the first place but the one last night is a terrible nightmare. Do you think it’s
serious problem?
Dr: Yeah, I think you may get digestive disorders. But you should take some X-ray to
make sure.
Pt: Okay, Doctor. Where can I go to take the X-ray?

Dr: It’s on the second floor. Turn left when you pass the pathology department. You can
find it next to the cardiology department.

Pt: Great. I will head up there now.

Dr: Don’t worry. You’ll be fine soon.

Pt: Thank you very much.

UNIT 6: PHYSICAL EXAMINATION

Pt: Good morning, doctor.

Dr: Good morning , Miss Thi .How do you feel today?

Pt: I have had abdominal pain recently.

Dr: Have you noticed when exactly you first experience the pain?

Pt: Let’ see. I think I first notice it about 2 month ago

Dr: Does anything make it better or worse?

Pt : It really hurts in the morning and after meals and gets better when I rest a bit.

Dr : Okay. I’m going to ask you lie down on the bed. I have to do some physical
examinations of your abdomen.

Pt :Do I have to take off my shirt?

Dr :Sure. Just put your arm at your slide and relax. First, I would like to take a closer look
at your abdomen.

Pt : What did you find, doctor?

Dr: There is no abnormal condition when I do an inspection. Next could I touch your
abdomen?

Pt : Sure

Dr: Take a deep breathe. Tell me to stop if you feel pain. Does that hurt.?

Pt: Yes. It really hurt at the right position in lower abdomen.

Dr: Next, I will use percussion techiques.

Pt :Why you do that?

Dr: This test to check condition of organs beneath the abdomen

Pt: Okay. Do you think something is wrong with my stomach?

Dr: It could be appendicitis.

Pt: : Okay, Doctor. What should I do about it?

Dr: We’re probably going to have to do colonoscopy.

Pt: What is colonoscopy?

Dr: Colonoscopy is a medical procedure. That will check your colon and intestines for
any serious problems.

Pt: Really? Do you think that necessary?

Dr: Yes, of course, to make sure there is nothing more serious.

Pt: Ok. I hope it’s not hurt.

Dr: Of course it’s not. Don’t worry, I will do it quickly.

UNIT 7. FAMILY MEDICINE
Dr: Okay, Tram Anh, you’re all set to go home now
Pt: Thank you for taking care of me, Doctor
Dr: You’re welcome. But before you leave, I need to tell you how to recover from
surgery at home.
Pt: Okay, I hope it’s not too hard.
Dr: Not actually. Here’s what you have to do. First, you should have some wound care
supplies. With most surgeries, there is going to be some kind of incision site that
needs some special care and attention.

Pt: Yeah. I have heard detailed instructions from my doctor on how to care for
the wound, as well as all of the supplies needed to do so and they also explain
when to call doctor and the signs of a medical emergency. I can do that. What else?

Dr: Remember to eat and drink healthfully. Protein, vitamin C and B12 are some
of the vitamins and nutrients that can aid in the recovery process. For more
information about the right foods, talk to your doctor or dietitian. Don’t drink wines or
beers, can you?
Pt: I know. I gave up drinking alcohol for years, so this seems to be easy to me.
Dr: And don’t ever try to do something too hard. Don’t drive or exercise until your
physician allows you for normal activities. Okay?
Pt: Okay…Does it mean I have to lie on bed all day?
Dr: No, you can try to take a walk if you’re ready. While you may feel discomfort
throughout your body, it’s still important to get moving. Walking is all it takes to help
avoid blood clots and decrease symptoms of gas and constipation.
Pt: I get it. If I have any questions or problems, who can I contact?
Dr: You can call Dr.Nhu for help if you need anything. She is the best one in family
medicine.
Pt: I see. She’s very kind and thoughtful. I also get some tips from her to avoid stumbling
like: Sleep in a room near a bathroom, place night lights in hallways and wear flat shoes
or slippers. I think I will be fine. Thank you a lot.
Dr: You’re welcome. I hope you will get well soon.
UNIT 8: PEDIATRICS

MT: Good morning , Dr. How are you today?

TA: I’m great. How about you ?

MT: I feel really energetic

TA: It sounds awesome. Well, How many appointments do we have for this morning?

MT: We have 4 appointments set up so far.

TA: Okay. When is the first one?

MT: The first appointment is at 7 o’clock .The student of primary school, Phuong Thuy, is
coming in for her obesity treatments.

TA: Hmm, Treatments for her include an innovative combination of education, diet
programs and some medicines.

MT: Do you think she need physical education therapy?

TA: I will advise her to do exercises at least 30 minutes a day like running or swimming.

MT: Yeah, children nowadays are just too lazy to do any exercise...After that, you have a
three-day-old newborn . She is showing signs of jaundice.

TA: Okay. What time does she schedule?

MT: She’ll come at 8.

TA: Oh, that's right. I'll have to get the bili light ready. Can we push the appointment
back to 8:15?

MT: Sure, we need time to set up the bili light phototherapy before she comes. I will
make a call to let her mother know about that.

TA: How about the next one ?

MT: The third appointment is 9 o’ clock. His name is Nga and he had an asthma.
TA: I got it. I will check it and give him the inhaler. Please prepare the stethoscope for
me. What is the last appointment?

MT: The last appointment is at 10 o’ clock . You will have appointment with Quynh Nhu,
she will come to check again after her bicycle accident.

TA: I got it. Thank you. Let’s start working.