ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I extend my hearty thanks to Mr.__________________________

Physical Education Teacher who guided me for the successful
completion of the project. I take this opportunity to express my deep
sense of gratitude for her invaluable guidance, constant encouragement
construction comments, sympathetic attitude and immense motivation,
which has sustained my efforts at stages of this project.

I wish to express my deep gratitude and sincere thanks to Principal

Madam Mrs Suvidha Mahale, Challenger Public School, Pimple Saudagar
for her continuous encouragement and all facilities that she provided for
this project work. I sincerely appreciate this magnanimity for which I
shall remain indebted to him Furthermore I wish to thanks my friends,
classmate and family who helped me to carry out this project work right
from its inception and their constant encouragement, valuable advice
and support.

_____________________________
XII CPS PIMPLE SAUDAGAR
 CERTIFICATE

THIS IS TO CERTIFY THAT THIS PHYSICAL EDUCATION

INVESTIGATORY PROJECT IS DEVELOPED BY

___________________________ CLASS 12

ROLL NUMBER (__) ON THE TOPIC

CRICKET

HE HAS DEVELOPED THIS PROJECT SUCCESSFULLY UNDER MY GUIDANCE

AS PRESCRIBED BY THE AISSCE COURSE DURING THE SESSION2024-25

Internal Examiner. External Examiner

Principal
 CRICKET

Sr.No. Topic
Introduction
History
Rule
Equipment
Officials
Position in Cricket
Bibliography
 INTRODUCTION
Cricket is a bat-and-ball game that is played between two teams of
eleven players on a field at the centre of which is a 22-yard (20-
metre) pitch with a wicket at each end, each comprising
two bails balanced on three stumps. Two players from the batting team
(the striker and nonstriker) stand in front of either wicket holding bats,
with one player from the fielding team (the
bowler) bowling the ball towards the striker's wicket from the opposite
end of the pitch. The striker's goal is to hit the bowled ball with the bat
and then switch places with the nonstriker, with the batting team
scoring one run for each exchange. Runs are also scored when the ball
reaches or crosses the boundary of the field or when the ball is
bowled illegally.
The fielding team tries to prevent runs from being scored
by dismissing batters (so they are "out"). Means of dismissal include
being bowled, when the ball hits the striker's wicket and dislodges the
bails, and by the fielding side either catching the ball after it is hit by the
bat, but before it hits the ground, or hitting a wicket with the ball before
a batter can cross the crease in front of the wicket. When ten batters
have been dismissed, the innings ends and the teams swap roles. Forms
of cricket range from Twenty20 (also known as T20), with each team
batting for a single innings of 20 overs (each "over" being a set of 6 fair
opportunities for the batting team to score) and the game generally
lasting three to four hours, to Test matches played over five days.
Traditionally cricketers play in all-white kit, but in limited overs
cricket they wear club or team colours. In addition to the basic kit, some
players wear protective gear to prevent injury caused by the ball, which
is a hard, solid spheroid made of compressed leather with a slightly
raised sewn seam enclosing a cork core layered with tightly wound string.
The earliest known definite reference to cricket is to it being played
in South East England in the mid-16th century. It spread globally with the
expansion of the British Empire, with the first international matches in
the second half of the 19th century. The game's governing body is
the International Cricket Council (ICC), which has over 100 members,
twelve of which are full members who play Test matches. The game's
rules, the Laws of Cricket, are maintained by Marylebone Cricket
Club (MCC) in London. The sport is followed primarily in South
 Asia, Australia, New Zealand, the United Kingdom, Southern Africa and
the West Indies.
Women's cricket, which is organised and played separately, has also
achieved international standard.
The most successful side playing international cricket is Australia, which
has won eight One Day International trophies, including six World Cups,
more than any other country and has been the top-rated Test side more
than any other country.

 HISTORY
Origins
Cricket is one of many games in the "club ball" sphere that basically
involve hitting a ball with a hand-held implement; others
include baseball (which shares many similarities with cricket, both
belonging in the more specific bat-and-ball
games category), golf, hockey, tennis, squash, badminton and table
tennis. In cricket's case, a key difference is the existence of a solid target
structure, the wicket (originally, it is thought, a "wicket gate" through
which sheep were herded), that the batter must defend. The cricket
historian Harry Altham identified three "groups" of "club ball" games:
the "hockey group", in which the ball is driven to and from between two
targets (the goals); the "golf group", in which the ball is driven towards
an undefended target (the hole); and the "cricket group", in which "the
ball is aimed at a mark (the wicket) and driven away from it".
It is generally believed that cricket originated as a children's game in the
south-eastern counties of England, sometime during the medieval
period. Although there are claims for prior dates, the earliest definite
reference to cricket being played comes from evidence given at a court
case in Guildford in January 1597 (Old Style, equating to January 1598 in
the modern calendar). The case concerned ownership of a certain plot of
land and the court heard the testimony of a 59-year-old coroner, John
Derrick, who gave witness that,
Given Derrick's age, it was about half a century earlier when he was at
school and so it is certain that cricket was being played c. 1550 by boys
in Surrey. The view that it was originally a children's game is reinforced
by Randle Cotgrave's 1611 English-French dictionary in which he defined
 the noun "crosse" as "the crooked staff wherewith boys play at cricket"
and the verb form "crosser" as "to play at cricket"
 RULE
INNINGS

 the batting team's captain may declare the innings closed, even
though some of the captain's players have not had a turn to bat: this
is a tactical decision by the captain, usually because the captain
believes that their team have scored sufficient runs and need time to
dismiss the opposition in their innings
 the set number of overs (i.e., in a limited overs match) have been
bowled
 the match has ended prematurely due to bad weather or running
out of time.
 in the final innings of the match, the batting side has reached its
target and won the game.
OVERS
The Laws state that, throughout an innings, "the ball shall be bowled
from each end alternately in overs of 6 balls". The name "over" came
about because the umpire calls "Over!" when six balls have been bowled.
At this point, another bowler is deployed at the other end, and the
fielding side changes ends while the batters do not. A bowler cannot
bowl two successive overs, although a bowler can (and usually does)
bowl alternate overs, from the same end, for several overs which are
termed a "spell". The batters do not change ends at the end of the over,
and so the one who was non-striker is now the striker and vice versa.
The umpires also change positions so that the one who was at "square
leg" now stands behind the wicket at the non-striker's end and vice
versa.
Fielding
Of the eleven fielders, three are in shot in the image above. The other
eight are elsewhere on the field, their positions determined on a tactical
basis by the captain or the bowler. Fielders often change position
between deliveries, again as directed by the captain or bowler.
If a fielder is injured or becomes ill during a match, a substitute is
allowed to field instead of the aforementioned fielder, but the substitute
cannot bowl or act as a captain, except in the case of concussion
substitutes in international cricket. The substitute leaves the field when
the injured player is fit to return. The Laws of Cricket were updated in
2017 to allow substitutes to act as wicket-keepers.
Umpire and Scorers
The game on the field is regulated by the two umpires, one of whom
stands behind the wicket at the bowler's end, and the other in a position
called "square leg" which is about 15–20 metres away from the batter
on strike and in line with the popping crease on which that umpire is
taking guard. The umpires have several responsibilities, including
adjudication on whether a ball has been correctly bowled (i.e., not a no-
ball or a wide); when a run is scored; whether a batter is out (the fielding
side must first appeal to the umpire, usually with the phrase "How's
that?" or "Howzat?"); when intervals start and end; and the suitability of
the pitch, field and weather for playing the game. The umpires are
authorised to interrupt or even abandon a match due to circumstances
likely to endanger the players, such as a damp pitch or deterioration of
the light.
Off the field in televised matches, there is usually a third umpire who
can make decisions on certain incidents with the aid of video evidence.
The third umpire is mandatory under the playing conditions
for Test and Limited Overs International matches played between two
ICC full member countries. These matches also have a match
referee whose job is to ensure that play is within the Laws and the spirit
of the game.
The match details, including runs and dismissals, are recorded by two
official scorers, one representing each team. The scorers are directed by
the hand signals of an umpire (see image, right). For example, the
umpire raises a forefinger to signal that the batter is out (has been
dismissed); the umpire raises both arms above their head if the batter
has hit the ball for six runs. The scorers are required by the Laws to
record all runs scored, wickets taken and overs bowled; in practice, they
also note significant amounts of additional data relating to the game.
A match's statistics are summarised on a scorecard. Prior to the
popularisation of scorecards, most scoring was done by men sitting on
vantage points cuttings notches on tally sticks, and runs were originally
called notches. According to Rowland Bowen, the earliest known
 scorecard templates were introduced in 1776 by T. Pratt
of Sevenoaks and soon came into general use. It is believed that
scorecards were printed and sold at Lord's for the first time in 1846.
Scores are displayed differently depending on location, although it is
standard to show how many wickets have been lost and how many runs
a team has made in the following formats.
Within Australia, the format is Wickets/Runs. While in the rest of the
world, the format is Runs/Wickets.
A score of 125 with 4 wickets lost, would be displayed as 4/125 or 125/4
respectively.
Umpire Sine
 Equipment

1. Bat.
2. Ball.
3. Cricket Pad.
4. Thai pad.
5. Gard.
6. Helmet.
7. Glose
8. Yelbo Pad.
9. Stumps.
 Officials

1. Two (2) Umpire on Fild.

2. One (1) T.V. Umpire.

 Position in Cricket
 Bibliography

 Physical Education Books

 Photos an information on Google.

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