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    Soil Mechanics 9

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    Soil Mechanics 9

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    5 views32 pages

    Soil Mechanics 9

    Uploaded by

    yaseen10388

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    of 32

    CE 402 - Soil Mechanics

    Kabul University
    Engineering Faculty
    Civil Engineering Department
    Chapter 9
    In Situ Stresses
    Chapter Contents

    9.1 Introduction
    9.2 Stresses in Saturated Soil without Seepage
    9.3 Stresses in Saturated Soil with Upward Seepage
    9.4 Stresses in Saturated Soil with Downward Seepage
    9.5 Seepage Force
    9.6 Heaving in Soil Due to Flow around Sheet Piles
    9.7 Use of Filters to Increase the Factor of Safety against Heave
    9.8 Effective Stress in Partially Saturated Soil
    9.9 Capillary Rise in Soils
    9.10 Effective Stress in the Zone of Capillary Rise
    Introduction
    • In a given volume of soil, the solid particles are distributed randomly
    with void spaces between. The void spaces are continuous and are
    occupied by water and/or air.
    The distribution of stress is to analyze:
    – Compressibility of soils
    – Bearing capacity of foundations
    – Stability of embankments
    – Lateral pressure on earth-retaining structures
    9.1 Stresses in Saturated Soil without Seepage

    Total Stress:
    1. A portion is carried by
    water in the continuous void
    spaces.
    2. The rest of the total stress
    is carried by the soil solids at
    their points of contact.
    9.1 Stresses in Saturated Soil without Seepage

    • Total stress @ point A:


    – Saturated unit weight of soil
    – Unit weight of water above it
    9.1 Stresses in Saturated Soil without Seepage

    • 1- Water
    • 2- Soil solids, called the effective stress , 𝜎
    9.1 Stresses in Saturated Soil without Seepage

    •
    9.1 Stresses in Saturated Soil without Seepage

    • 𝜎 is called effective stress


    • 𝑢 is called neutral stress.

    • Effective stress is independent of depth of


    water, H
    Without Seepage
    Example 9.1
    • A soil profile is shown in Figure 9.3. Calculate the total stress, pore
    water pressure, and effective stress at points A, B, and C.
    Example 9.1
    9.2 Stresses in Saturated Soil
    with Upward Seepage
    9.2 Stresses in Saturated Soil
    with Upward Seepage
    9.2 Stresses in Saturated Soil
    with Upward Seepage
    9.2 Stresses in Saturated Soil
    with Upward Seepage
    9.2 Stresses in Saturated Soil
    with Upward Seepage
    Upward Seepage
    Upward Seepage
    Exp 9.2: A 9-m thick layer of stiff saturated clay is underlain by a layer of
    sand. The sand is under artesian pressure. Calculate the maximum depth
    of cut H that can be made in the clay.
    Upward Seepage
    9.2 Stresses in Saturated Soil with Downward Seepage
    Downward Seepage
    9.5 Seepage Force
    • With no seepage the effective force on an area A is

    • With seepage the effective force on an area A is

    • The decrease in the total force because of seepage is


    9.5 Seepage Force
    Example 9.5
    • Consider the upward flow of water through a layer of sand in
    a tank as shown in Figure 9.10. For the sand, the following
    are given: void ratio (e) = 0.52 and specific gravity of solids
    2.67.
    a. Calculate the total stress, pore water
    pressure, and effective stress at points A and B.
    b. What is the upward seepage
    force per unit volume of soil?
    Solution
    Part a
    – The saturated unit weight of sand is calculated as follows:
    Solution
    Part b
    – Hydraulic gradient (i)=1.5/2 0.75. Thus, the seepage force per unit
    volume can be calculated as:
    Capillary Rise

    α=0
    Homework # 9
    Solve the following problem from your text book.
    1. 9.3
    2. 9.8

    Due Date: Sunday 04, June , 2017


    9.3
    Questions!!!

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