‫فقرة‬

‫لو سألك‬
 Types of Tropism

• Phototropism: Change in growth in response to Light

• Geotropism: Change in growth in response to Gravity.
• Thigmotropism (Haptotropism): Change in growth in
response to Touch
• Hydrotropism: Change in growth in response to Water.
• Chemotropism: Change in growth in response to
Chemicals. Ex: Roots growing towards minerals in soil &
Pollen grain germination (Toward micropyle)
Moaaser Q.
Which of the following nucleus is reposuble for the
genatic variation for the resulting indiviuals by sexual
reproduction in flowering plants?
A) Egg cell nucleus.
B) Tube nucleus.
C) Synergid cells.
D) Tube nucleus
E) Generative nucleus
In which of the following figures doesn't self-pollination
occur?
The following figures illustrate the pollen grains of three
different species of plants, or examining them by the light
microscope with the same magnification power, which of them
can be transferred easily by insects to complete the pollination
process?

A) (1)
B) (3)
C) (1) and (2)
D) (2) and (3)
Which of the following represents the first step for
germinating the seed ?
A) Pollination.
B) Fertilization.
C) Imbibition.
D) The appearance of radicle.
The opposite figure illustrates a cross section in a tomato
fruit, which of the following statements is correct?
A) (X) is diploid and (Y) is haploid.
B) (Y) is diploid and (X) is haploid.
C) Both (X) and (Y) are diploid.
D) Both (X) and (Y) are haploid.
The opposite figure represents a longitudinal section in a
plant flower, which of the following structures don't have
a role in completing the artificial parthenocarpy process?
A) (X) and (Y).
B) (X) and (L).
C) (Y) and (Z).
D) (Y) and (L).
The following figures represent sections for different
fruits, study them, then answer:

1) What is the number of pollen grains that participate in the

formation of seeds (X)?
A) 4 B) 8 C) 16 D) 24
The following figures represent sections for different
fruits, study them, then answer:

2) What is the number of nuclei that participate in the

formation of seeds (Y)?
A) 4 B) 5 C) 10 D) 20
The following figures represent sections for different
fruits, study them, then answer:

3) What is the number of ovules that participate in the

formation of seeds (Z) ?
A) 1 B) 2 C) 7 D)14
The following figures represent sections for different
fruits, study them, then answer:

4) Why is the size of seeds in (L) different?

A) Due to the difference in the amount of food stored in the two cotyledons of each one of them.
B) Due to the difference in the number of chromosomes that are present in each one of them.
C) Due to the difference in the amount of food stored in the endosperm tissue in each one of them.
D) Due to the difference in the number of nuclei that participate in the formation of each one of them.
H.W Q.
5) There are hermaphrodite flowers of an earlier
ripening male organ, and they always resort to self-
pollination.
A) The two statements are incorrect.
B) The first statement is correct, the second is incorrect.
C) The first statement is incorrect, the second is correct.
D) The two statements are correct.
 ‫خلي بالك‬

-The Tube nucleus doesn`t divides (It is responsible for formation and guiding the
growth of pollen tube, extending it down to reach the micropyle)

-The Generative nucleus divides mitotically forming 2 male nuclei

7) Which of the following doesn’t occur when a suitable pollen
grain falls on the stigma?
A) The stimulation of auxins to form a fruit.
B) A tube which reaches the micropyle is formed.
C) The division of tube nucleus.
D) A and B.
 ‫خلي بالك‬
• The Nucellus is a nutritive tissue for the Embryonic
sac contents
• The Endosperm is a nutritive tissue for the early
developing embryo
20) The common thing between nucellus and
endosperm is ..........
A) Number of chromosomal sets.
B) Site of presence.
C) Function.
D) Method of formation.
36) Which of the following graphs illustrates the
relation between the maturation of fruits and the rate
of the vegetative growth in an annual plant?
39) Which of the following statements expresses the
opposite figure correctly ?

A) Unisexual flower is self-pollinated.

B) Unisexual flower is cross pollinated.
C) Hermaphrodite flower is self-pollinated.
D) Hermaphrodite flower is cross pollinated.
41) Which of the following choices represents the correct
descending order regarding the genetic variation in the
following cases?

A) Cross-pollination>> Self-pollination for the same plant>> Plant tissue

culture>>Self-pollination for the same flower.
B) Cross-pollination>> Self-pollination for the same plant>> Self-pollination
for the same flower >>Plant tissue culture.
C) Self-pollination for the same plant>> Self-pollination for the same flower>>
Cross-pollination>> Plant tissue culture.
D) Plant tissue culture>> Self-pollination for the same flower>> Self-
pollination for the same plant>> Cross pollination.
45) Which of the following is numerically equal to the number of nuclei
that participate in the formation of a wheat grain? 5
A) The number of antipodal cells produced by the division of two spore
mother cells. 6
B) The number of fertilized eggs in a natural watermelon fruit. Many
C) The number of degenerated cells in the embryonic sac after fertilization. 5
D) The number of fertilized eggs in a pea pod of 6 seeds. 6
47) The table represents the diameters of different varieties of plants’
pollen grains. Which plant would have a higher chance of cross-pollination
by air from the data given in the table?
A) Plant D
B) Plant B
C) Plant A
D) Plant C
49) The aims of the reproduction process in the plant
are achieved, when the occurrence of ...........
A) The pollination without fertilization.
B) Fusion of the male nucleus with egg cell nucleus
inside the embryonic sac only.
C) Triple fusion.
D) Double fertilization.
55) In flowering plants, which part of the female organ are responsible for selecting
the appropriate pollen grain for germination?
A) Stigma.
B) Style.
C) Ovary.
D) Ovule.
The pollen grain starts germinating when it falls on the stigma, which is a sticky disc
59) Study the opposite graph then deduce, which of the
following expresses the number of cells in the mature
ovule for a dicotyledonous plant and a
monocotyledonous plant?
A) X
B) Y
C) Z
D) L
 ‫ايه الي هيحصل لو‬
• Ovule is completely surrounded by the two
integuments
• The pollen grain is completely surrounded by the
thick wall
No Fertilization
62) How many fruits and seeds resulted from spraying a carpel containing 7 ovules
surrounded completely with integuments by pollen grains of the same species?

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
 ‫خلي بالك‬
• Plants that form Flowers & Fruits & seeds & zygote Angiosperm
(flowering & seeded plants by pollination and fertilization)

• Plants that form Flowers & fruits without forming zygote & seeds Parthenocarpy
• (Pollination without fertilization)

• Plants that form zygote without forming Flower & Fruits & seeds Fern plants
(Non-flowering & seedless plants)
63) You have three plants:
-Plant (X): doesn’t form flowers and doesn’t form seeds.
-Plant (Y): produces flowers but doesn’t form seeds.
-Plant (Z): produces flowers and forms seeds.
Which of the following alternatives is correct concerning these plants?
A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
 ‫تعالي نجمع‬
• Number of formed fruits = Number of ovaries =
Number of carpels
• Number of formed seeds = Number of ovules =
Number of pollen grains
64) The flower of bean plant contains three carpels, each one contains four
ovules, which of the following alternatives in the following table represents
the results of fertilizing this flower?

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
66) From the opposite figure what is the number of the
ovaries that give the following fruits and what is the
number of the ovules that give the following seeds?
A) 2:6
B) 3:12
C) 4:3
D) 5:12
78) From the opposite figure that represents a seed of a
dicotyledonous plant, what is the number of
chromosomal sets of structures (X) and (Y) ?

A) Haploid and diploid respectively.

B) Diploid and haploid respectively.
C) Both are haploid.
D) Both are diploid.
85) The following figures illustrate the transverse
sections of three different plant ovaries (X). (Y) and (Z)
after fertilization:

1) Which seeds of these plants

are considered endospermic seeds?
A) (X) and (Y).
B) (X) and (Z).
C) (Y) and (Z).
D) (X). (Y) and (Z).
85) The following figures illustrate the transverse
sections of three different plant ovaries (X). (Y) and (Z)
after fertilization:

2) Which of these choices represent

s a transverse section in the ovary of bean plant?
A) (X) and (Y).
B) (X) and (Z).
C) (Z).
D) (Y).
 ‫خلي بالك‬
‫مش احنا عارفين ان من اسباب ال ‪ Cross pollination‬هي ان ال ‪ Anther‬يكون ‪ lower than‬ال ‪Stigma‬‬
‫طيب لو ملقتش الكالم دا في االختيارات ؟‬
‫يبقي ممكن علشان ال ‪ filament‬اقصر من ال ‪style‬‬
‫بالتالي خلي ال ‪Anther lower than Stigma‬‬
79) From the opposite figure, answer upon which of the following parts does cross-
pollination depend?

A) (3) and (4)

B) (5) and (6)
C) (1) and (5)
D) (2) and (6)
External Sources
 ‫خلي بالك‬
Green sepals ‫ال‬
colored petals ‫ال‬
‫ ؟‬sepals are colored ‫طيب امتي ممكن اشوف ال‬
Tulip & Onion ‫ زي ال‬perianth (Monocotyledon) ‫ كانت‬flower ‫لو ال‬
(The leaves of calyx ( sepals) are difficult to be differentiated
from those of the corolla (petals) where they are similar in
stucture & color)
petals ‫ زي ال‬colored ‫ يبقوا‬Sepals ‫فممكن ال‬
The following table shows the number of parts of each floral whorl of a
mono-carpel plant flower.

From your study of the previous table, which of the following is correct about this plant?
A) Self-pollinated, its flower produces 12 fruits, and its seeds are mostly ex-endospermic.
B) Cross-pollinated, its flower produces one fruit, and its seeds are mostly ex-
endospermic.
C) Cross-pollinated, its flower produces six fruits, and its seeds are mostly endospermic.
D) Cross-pollinated, its flower produces one fruit, and its seeds are mostly endospermic.
The following table illustrates the number of parts in each of the floral whorls of one of
the flowers.

From your study of the previous table, which of the following is correct about this flower?
A) Self-pollinated and gives 4 fruits after fertilization.
B) Self-pollinated and gives 8 fruits after fertilization..
C) Cross-pollinated and gives 4 fruits after fertilization..
D) Cross-pollinated by wind and gives one fruit after fertilization.
The application of the parthenocarpy technique may result in losses to
farmers in all the following plants, except.......…………

A) Rice
‫ دي يعني هعمل مانجا من غير بذره فدي حاجه حلوة‬mango ‫ لل‬parthenocarpy ‫لو عملت‬
B) Maize ‫ الي بناكلهم‬seeds ‫ فدول اساسا‬Wheat ‫ و‬Maize ‫ و‬Rice ‫اما ال‬
C) Wheat ‫علشان انتجهم فدا كدا مش هنتجد اساسا الرز وال الذره‬parthenocarpy technique ‫فلو ال‬
‫وال القمح فدا خساره كبيره للفالح‬
D) Mango
All the following factors indicate that the illustrated flower in the opposite
figure is pollinated by wind, except ..........

A) Stamens are divided into sacs and drooped to the outside.

B) Petals are small-sized.
C) The ovary is central.
D) Stigmas are large and pinnate
If you know that the number of nuclei that participate in the formation of
maize grain is (X), so the number of nuclei that participate in the formation of
bean seed is……

A) Half X
B) X
C) 2X
D) 4X
The embryonic sac in angiosperms is similar to the........... in
ferns.

A) Rhizome
Embryonic sac contains Egg cell
B) Archegonium Archegonium contains Egg cell

C) Sorus
D) Antheridium
• In Monocotyledons (Endospermic seeds) : The Ovary wall
(Pericarp) and ovule wall (Testa) fuse together forming Grains

• Most of monocotyledons are perianth

So the sepals and petals are similar in most plants that are
characterized by fusion of their pericarp and seed testa.
Sepals and petals are similar in most plants that are characterized by
........

A) Large stamens.
B) Large petals.
C) The presence of testa in their seeds.
D) Fusion of their pericarp and seed testa.
From the opposite figure, what is the structure that
can't be seen in both pomegranate and marrow fruits
after their formation?
A) Structure (1).
B) Structure (2).
C) Structure (3).
d) Structure (4).
 EXTRA INFO

The Pear (‫ )الكمثري‬is False fruit where the receptacle is

enlarged and forms the eaten part in the fruit (As apple)
From your study to the following figures. Which of the following statements
is correct?

A) The number of nuclei that participate in the formation of each of fruits (Z)
and (L) are equal.
B) The flower that forms fruit (Y) doesn't undergo double fertilization.
C) The flower that forms fruit (Y) shares with the flower that forms fruit (Z) in
the increase of the receptacle consumption to auxins.
D) The number of pollen grains required to form each of fruits (X) and (L) is
equal.
The parthenocarpy in bean will produce pods devoid of seeds
What happens when spraying the early femaleness bean flowers with pollen
grain extract?

A) Bean pod won't be formed.

B) Bean pods would be formed without seeds.
C) Pods are formed and contain seeds.
D) False fruit is formed
Study the opposite figure of the plants (W, X, Y, and Z) then answer:
Which of the following may represent the numbers (1, 2, and 3) respectively?

A) Z - Y - X
B) X - Y - Z
C) Y - W - X
D) W - W - Z
How can you obtain the illustrated fruit in the opposite figure?
A) Spraying the flower stigmas with pollen grain powder in
methyl alcohol.
B) Spraying the early femaleness flower carpels with pollen
grains of the same species.
C) Adding indole acetic acid to early femaleness flower
stigmas.
D) Adding a meiotic division inhibitor of the generative nuclei
of pollen grains.
Which of the following plants, the ovary wall doesn't enter in its formation?
Which of the following alternatives is considered
among the plants that form zygotes but don’t form
seeds?
A) Mango.
B) Polypodium.
C) Apple.
D) Wheat.
Exam Questions
25 P2) Which of the following describe the eggplant
fruit? (Experimental exam 1 2021)
A) True fruit.
B) False fruit.
C) Single seeded fruit.
D) Seedless fruit.
31 P2) Study the diagram that represents the floral whorls of a
complete matured flower arranged from outside to inside, then
determine: What is the reason that helps in occurrence of self-
pollination in this flower? (Experimental Exam 1 2021)
A) Maturity of both (L) and (Z) at
the same time.
B) (Y) attracts insects.
C) Maturity of (L) before (Z).
D) (X) protects the inner parts
32 P2) What is the difference between the steps of formation of
each pollen grains and ovules in flowering plants?
(Experimental Exam 1 2021)
A) Number of times of occurrences of mitotic division.
B) Number of times of occurrences of meiotic division.
C) Number of resulted cells from meiotic division.
D) The order of occurrence each of meiosis and mitosis.
87 P2) Study the graph that illustrates one of the vital
processes that occur inside the ovule of pea plant, which its
somatic cells contain 14 chromosomes, then conclude. What is
the process that is expressed by A and B together?
(Experimental exam 1 2021)
A) Double fertilization.
B) Triple fusion.
C) Formation of embryonic
sac.
D) Formation of the fruit.
36 p1) Which of the previous figures illustrates the main role
of the structure hat is referred to by the arrow? (Experimental
exam 2 2021)

A) 2
B) 3
C) 4
D) 1
 ‫خلي بالك‬
‫وظيفه ال ‪ calyx‬انه يحمي ال ‪Inner parts‬‬
‫طيب في انهي ‪ figure‬هنا قام بوظيفته وهي حمايه ال ‪ Inner parts‬؟‬
‫‪ -‬في (‪ )2‬علشان كان محاوط ال ‪inner parts‬‬
26 P2) Which of these fruits is different in the type
from the others? (Experimental exam 2 2021)
A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
69 P2) What is the shape of pea fruit pods resulting
from treating flowers by pollen grain powder in ether
solution? (Final exam 2021 1st session)
A) Free of seeds.
B) Having a few seeds.
C) Larger in size.
D) Taller than normal.
71 P2) What is the solution that can be used by a
farmer to activate the growth of roots on sugarcane
cuttings? (Final exam 2021 1st session)
A) Liquid nitrogen
B) Nitrous acid
C) Indole acetic acid
D) Coconut milk
70 P2) What is the similarity between beans seeds and maize
grains? (Final exam 2021 1st session).
A) Containing micropyle through which water passes during
germination.
B) Embryo feeds on endosperm during development.
C) Embryo feeds on stored food in the cotyledons during
development.
D) Origin of the envelope surrounding them.
25 p1) Study the opposite diagram that illustrates the
stages of male gamete formation in plants. What is the
purpose of process 2? (Final exam 2021 1st session)

A) Chromosomal content reduction.

B) Chromosomal content duplication.
C) Division of microspore nucleus and its differentiation.
D) Thickening of pollen grain coat for protection.
68 P2) Which of the followings must be present in cross
pollination of flowers by wind?
(Final exam 2021 1st session)
A) Pollen grains are large in number and light.
B) Stigma completely covers the petals.
C) Petals are brightly colored.
D) Level of stigma is lower than anther.
73 P2) Study the opposite figure then illustrate how
this fruit is formed? (Final exam 2021 2nd session)

A) Pollination then fertilization.

B) Removing stamens of the flower.
C) Pollination without fertilization.
D) Treating the plant by nitrous acid.
24 p1) Study the opposite figure that illustrates a part of
mature ovary what is the letter that represents the food of
embryonic sac content? (Final exam 2021 2nd session)

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
89 P2) In front of you two different types of seeds of
flowering plants. Identify each of A and B then determine:
what is the most important thing that distinguishes the
seed A from seed B? (Final exam 2021 2nd session)

A) Presence of nucellus.
B) Absence of nucellus.
C) Presence of endosperm.
D) Absence of endosperm.
35 p1) Which of the following is determined by the
structure number (2)? (2022 first session)
A) Fertilization
B) Fruit
C) Pollination
D) Seed
29 P2) Study the following diagram which illustrates the
stages of male gametes formation in plants: What is the
purpose from process (2)? (2022 first session)

A) Production of microspores
B) Formation of spore mother cell
C) Production of pollen grain nuclei
D) Reduction of chromosomal number
28 P2) What is the similarity between pineapple and
the apple fruit? (2022 first session)
A) Their formation is related to the occurrence of
pollination and fertilization.
B) Both of them contain seeds.
C) They are produced from pollination without
fertilization
D) They are formed as a result of a hormonal activity.
30 P2) Study the following diagram which illustrates a process
done on plant by man: What is the role of substance (X) in the
formation of substance (Y)?
(2022 first session)

A) Increasing the size of seeds

B) Increasing the number of seeds
C) Stimulating the plant to resist virus
D) Stimulating the reproductive organs to produce the fruits
35 P2) Study the opposite figure, then answer:
What is the accurate description of this fruit?
(2022 second session)

A) Formed from enlargement of the ovary.

B) Resulted from fertilization.
C) Resulted from inflorescence.
D) Formed without fertilization.
34 p1) Study the opposite figure that illustrates a
section of one carpel in a flower. What is the expected
number of synergid cells in this figure? (2022 second
session)

A) 5
B) 15
C) 20
D) 8
88 P2) What is the consequence of putting a part
(X) on the part (Y)? (2022 second session)

A) Solidification of floral whorl

B) Ovary cells enlargement
C) Formation of false fruit
D) Flower welting
27 P2) What is the role of filament in flower stamens?
(2022 second session)
A) Determines the type of pollination in unisexual
flowers.
B) Determines the type of pollination in hermaphrodite
flowers.
C) Protects the carpels in hermaphrodite flowers.
D) Shares in pollen grain formation.
 ‫خلي بالك‬
‫مش احنا عارفين ان من اسباب ال ‪ Cross pollination‬هي ان ال ‪ Anther‬يكون ‪ lower than‬ال ‪Stigma‬‬
‫طيب لو ملقتش الكالم دا في االختيارات ؟‬
‫يبقي ممكن علشان ال ‪ filament‬اقصر من ال ‪style‬‬
‫بالتالي خلي ال ‪Anther lower than Stigma‬‬
34 P2) Study the opposite drawing, then answer: What
distinguishes the pollination process as shown in the
drawing? (2022 second session)

A) Cross for the plant

B) Self for the plant
C) Self for the plant and self for the flower
D) Cross for the plant and cross for the flower
33 p1) The opposite figure illustrates a part of a mature
ovary in a flowering plant. Which letter indicates one of
the products of meiotic division?
(Experimental Exam 2023)

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
91 P2)Study the opposite figure then answer, what is
the effect of inhibition of auxins in this plant during
its stage of its growth? (Experimental Exam 2023)

A) Forming fruits without seeds

B) Wilting of fruits
C) Stopping the vegetative growth
D) Wilting and death of the plant.
91) Study the opposite figure then answer, what is
the effect of inhibition of auxins in this plant during
its stage of its growth? (Experimental Exam 2023)

A) Forming fruits without seeds

B) Wilting of fruits
C) Stopping the vegetative growth
D) Wilting and death of the plant.
72 P2) What is the difference between the two flowers
A and B? (Experimental Exam 2023)

A) Type of pollination
B) Sex of the flower
C) Number of ovules
D) Number of pollen sacs
33 P2) Study the opposite figure that illustrates the formation
of one of the fruits. If you know that (1) is formed from (A)
and (2) is formed from (B). Which of the following best
describes the produced fruit? (Experimental Exam 2023)

A) True fruit resulting from the

non-occurrence of fertilization.
B) False fruit resulting from the occurrence of fertilization.
C) True fruit resulting from the occurrence of fertilization.
D) False fruit resulting from the non-occurrence of fertilization.
92 P2) Why does the embryo of some seeds keep the
endosperm? (1st Session 2023)
A) Because the endosperm is the only food source for
germination of all seed types.
B) Due to the fusion of the ovule integuments with the
ovary wall.
C) When it does not consume all of the endosperm
during its development.
D) When it stores food in the two cotyledons.:
93 P2) What is the fruit in which the ovary does not
store food other than the food stored in the seed?
(1st Session 2023)
A) Orange
B) Corn
C) Egg plant
D) Marrow
37 p1 ) What is the source of the food substances
required for nutrition of the ovule in flowering plants?
(1st Session 2023)
A) The nucellus and micropyle.
B) The funicle.
C) The micropyle.
D) The ovary wall and nucellus.
38 p1) Where is the axial flower found?
(1st Session 2023)
A) Between a bract and the flower pedicle.
B) Between a bract and axial bud.
C) Between receptacle and axial bud.
D) Between the plant stem and a leaf.
90 P2) Examine the picture in front of you and then
conclude. What is/are the structure(s) that result(s)
from double fertilization? (1st Session 2023)
A) 4 only
B) 3 only
C) 2 and 4
D) 3 and 4