International Journal of Humanities and Social Science Vol. 6, No.

11; November 2016

The Impact of Project Leadership and Team Work on Project Success

Ahsan Nawaz
Dr. Muhammad Mudasar Ghafoor
Dr. Yasin Munir

Abstract
This study is empirically examining the influence of Project manager’s leadership and teamwork going on the
Project success. It examines the relevant literature on project success and project leadership and teamwork from
altered procedural elements and amalgamates his finding on the enlargement of innovative structure. Literature
review facts on display the tasks which stay behind to originalities, measuring also quantifying the perks of
project success. I have used purposive sampling technique. Questionnaires were used to gather data from
employees from manufacturing organizations. Total three hundred questionnaires were circulated, while two
hundred and forty questionaire were acknowledged, two hundred and twenty six questionaire were preferred for
concluding analysis after deleting fourteen unfinished questionaire at a reponse rate of 94%. Statistical tools like
descriptive statistics, Pearson moment correlation and regression analysis are adopte to analyze direct
consequence of independent variables on hooked on variables.Such as per hypothesis testingresult shows that
Project manager’s leadership was positively correlated to project success and teamwork also have positive
relationship with project success. This exploration remains an innovator effort in Pakistan also thus pays to the
present worldwide texts on project management in wide-ranging.
Key Words: Project leadership, Team work, Project success.
Introduction:
Project succes is very important for all the organization to survive in the competition. As there is high level
competition in market of the punjab the organization should focus on the project success for the improve the
goodwill and capture the market attention. This section delivers a rough idea of exploration learning. This one is
responsible for contextual info that tracks down this proposition exactly surrounded thru the realm of aspects
stimuli on project success. It acquaint with the core goal, research questions and objectives that emphasize the
learning also the procedure explicitly used to pull the ending decisions. The section determines thru a sketch of
the proposition edifice.
There are several theories of guidance technique are presented, like emotional astuteness, eventuality, capability
and so on. All of them declare that Project Success gain by appropriate leadership style. This lessons aims to
treasure trove the association among leadership and project success also project success and teamwork. Three
Facts of literatures were analyzed together with PSF and leadership style and cup tie of project and leadership,
and project success and teamwork. As of literature analysis, this one remained fascinating to bargain the
leadership remained hardly ever leisurely thru the vital triumph features of project. Perhaps the project manager
desertion themselves otherwise headship is not roofed in exploration contemplated by Turner and Muller (2005).
On the other hand, other opinions describe that the Project is critically affected by manager. Project Leadership
controls the project success through teamwork knows via bone up the mildew put up by dint of Yang (2011).
Although a number of the fifteen headship expertise Higgs and Dulewicz (2003) remain openly associated to Psf.
Hence, this one remains accomplished that, an assured appropriate leadership, project type can develop project
success in two traditions, mutually direct impact and team work. An easy method energetic archetypal stayed
considered explaining associations within Pm. On the other hand, here was only one research made to attest this
termination in china and I have to apply it in the home of exports of Pakistan” Sialkot”. I will analyze that project
success will effect by the teamwork and leadership.

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Methodology:
The purpose of the study is to find that whether the project manager’s leadership and teamwork are influenced at
project success. Four objectives are selected to analyze the factor of influencing. First one is to find the literature
of project success, Project manager’s leadership and teamwork. Second one is to collect the data from the
concerning population/sample. Third one is to analyze the data through specific technique tool. The last and forth
is to conclude the final discussion and result. Determinants of the project success have been studied in different
western courtiers but very little in Asian countries. Investigation shows that grater the authentic leadership grater
the teamwork grater the chances of the project success and extra effort (Brainin, E,Shamir, B. Popper, M, Zakay,
E., 2000).There is no research is made on project success in Pakistan only research which is relate with the
business project is made only in business level or within the business. So the literature of project success, project
manager’s leadership and teamwork are totally from foreign author or countries. The main technique which is
used to find the literature is Google scholar and web science. Secondly the data has been collected through
questionnaire from Sialkot manufacturing sector. The details of manufacturing sector have been gathered from
Sialkot chamber of commerce. Thirdly the data which is gathered are tested through the SPSS and the final results
and discussion are made on it.
Literature Review and Success Factor
In this Section Literature related to project manager’s leadership, teamwork and project success links between
them are reviewed.
Project Success
The l es s ons for factor that guide towar ds healthier project recital also triumph span numerous years of
exploration. The PM literature consumes treated broadly thru features heart-rending projects recital also triumph, (
Pinto & Slevin, 1988; Sounder, & Young, 1979; Slevin & Pinto, 1986, Rubinstein, Chakrabarti, O'Keefe, Might
& Fischer, 1985).Further studies notice, for example, Shenhar, Tishler, & Lipovetsky, Dvir, 1996, Balachandra &
Friar, 1997, Shenhar, Tishler, & Lipovetsky, Dvir, 1998) ought to exposed that the universalistic style, whose
undertakes entirely developments remain comparable, possibly will not be there optimum on behalf of
supervision developments. Dissimilar classes of projects would be succeeded in dissimilar methods.“As project
manager, manage all of the balls is vital, but maintenance your eye on the accurate ball is the type to delivering
truly successful projects” Robert Goatham (2013).
Unluckily, formative whatever a venture stood winning otherwise remains not closely by way of the situation
potency appear since present stand numerous perceptions arranged anything exists venture “success.”
consequently, that one remains momentous towards believe entirely these perceptions, expressly nearby
composite. Deliberate ensuing potential definition of anything strength is measured by way of “success” popular
your accessing venture. Juanjuan Jiang, (2014).Here is extensive incongruity of sentiments now this arena; merely
contract looks towards the divergence on pardon establishes ‘project successes. (Baker & Fisher, Murphy, 1974;
Slevin & Pinto 1988; Lechler & Gemuenden, 1997 and Dvir, Levy, Shenhar, 1997).
(De Wit, 1988) also further authors extricate among PS (leisurely contrary to general goals of venture) also PM
success (leisurely contrary to prevalent plus outmoded trials of recital compared to rate, and quality and time).
Another discrepancy remains likewise vital; the situation is modification among victory standards (procedures
thru which triumph or else fiasco of venture/ industry resolve are mediated) also triumph features (person’s efforts
towards administration organization that main straight/tortuously to triumph of the venture/industry). (Rockart,
1979) established a 3 phase process for seminal which aspects pay towards consultation administrative objectives.
His learning make known that lots of administrators incline to association in expressions of “whatever ensures it
yield near be efficacious” voguish their industry moderately than in rapports of determinations, goals, and aims.
Subsequently the basic enquiry in this technique, “whatever does it takes to efficacious in industry?Dickel, Rowe
and Mason (1982) round about that “Key result areas (KRAs) and critical success factors (CSFs) provide clues
that help to answer the question of whether the organization is able to effectively mobilize its resources where
there are conflicting sub goals, environmental uncertainty, and internal politics and constraints”. Verma (1996)
marks that communiqué, leadership and, teamwork is energetic mechanisms of operative administration of
venture hominid wealth also are essential towards undertake venture goals efficaciously.

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(Crawford, 2002) defines triumph in subsequent method

Discernment… “In addition; “The project meets the technical performance specifications and/or mission to be
performed, and if there is a high level of satisfaction concerning the project outcomes….” (Cleland, 1986)
suggested that "project success is meaningful only if considered from two vantage points: the degree to which the
project's technical performance objective was attained on time and within budget; the contribution that the project
made to the strategic mission of the enterprise."(Beale and Freeman, 1992) only if an stimulating specimen of
diverse opinions of vision of general public: “An architect may consider success in terms of aesthetic appearance,
an engineer in terms of technical competence, an accountant in terms of dollars spent under budget, a human
resources manager in terms of employee satisfaction, and chief executive officers rate their success in the stock
market." (Beale and Freeman, 1992) revised the PM literature, recognized 7 key standards for determining the
triumph of ventures; five of them are additional habitually recycled than others: Performance, Competence of
Teamwork, Managerial also administrative Headship, Venture taxonomy, industry recital. PS might be evaluated
thru diverse attention clusters—stockholders, administrators, employees, and customers. Principles for assessing
PS essential hence replicate diverse opinions. Stuckenbruck, (1986).
Baccarin (1999) notorious two divergent constituents of Ps:
PM success: This emphases upon venture procedure also, in specific, the fruitful achievement of price, quality
objectives and time. It moreover deliberates the modus voguish which pm procedure remained steered. Product
triumph: This covenants thru the belongings of the venture's ending product. It remains mutual for PM literature
towards bafflingly entwine these binary detached apparatuses of PS also show them in place of solo standardized
cluster. Appropriate to accurately explain also evaluate PS; otherness would be prepared among product triumph
and PM triumph, such as they remain not similar. Slevin & Pinto (1988).
Teamwork
To hand devours been a elongated predictable intensification in squad edifice motion in diligence plus business
(Thamhain and Wilemon, 1983) and “plenty of management practitioners and researchers take into account team
building to be one amongst the foremost crucial leadership qualities that verify the performance and success of
multi-disciplinary efforts, and therefore the organization’s ability to be told from its experiences and position
itself for future growth. The aim of this literature survey is to spot the factors presumably to influence impassive
groups and therefore the effect of cooperation on project success.” To do this, however, its 1st necessary to
explain what's painted and characterized by the term ‘team’ and in what sense it are often aforesaid to be
effective. “With AN increasing scale of multi-national comes and international business operations, team building
takes on further dimensions and challenges in organizing and unifying the task cluster across industrial,
technological and geographic boundaries.” Jointly of the project leader’s prime responsibilities, team building
involves a full spectrum of management skills to spot, commit and integrate the assorted personnel from totally
different purposeful organization into one task cluster.
“In several project-oriented organizations, team building is shared between the project manager and therefore the
purposeful managers, WHO usually report back to a unique organization with a unique superior. The constitution
of the project team depends on the stage within the lifecycle of the project, as an example, at the look stage of the
development project; there's usually the designer, structural engineer, amount surveyor and numerous alternative
technical specialties like the bottom water engineer and legal consultant.” The contractor and numerous sub-
contractors (such as heating/ventilation engineers) are brought in to hold out specific tasks because the project
moves through the operational part. Once the actual task is completed, the team in every case is disbanded.
Every project ends, and there might or might not be another project to follow. “The disadvantage of such a
briefing is that the project team is just temporary and these individuals might have not any commitment to its
success (Maylor, 1996). With the expansion of project matrix organizations, it's anticipated that groups of the
longer term would require an individual to belong to many units at constant time and have 2, three, or perhaps
four bosses (Maylor, 1996: 117).” Individuals can shift chop-chop from one project team to following team.
In summary, the effectiveness of the project team could be a crucial determinant of project success. Came has
well-defined objectives, i.e. a target schedule, and a target value or budget. The action of those objectives could
be a tangible facet of the project team mission. If a project over runs its value and schedule, or fails to attain its
technical performance objective, the effectiveness of the project team is impaired.

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A great deal of analysis has been conducted on the qualities that effective groups possess and therefore the issues
arising from the lesser effective teams. Moreover, researchers like Dumaine, Drucker, Peters and boatman,
bryophyte Kanter, and Thamhain have emphasized the non-linear, intricate, usually confused, and random nature
of cooperation, which involves all aspects of the organization, its members, and atmosphere. Though abundant
has been written on several aspects of effective groups, most of the analysis has been conducted with firms or
organizations from the producing or production and therefore the services sector, e.g. FWO, urban center
exchange. Restricted studies are done on the impact of effective cooperation on the project atmosphere and so,
there's little proof to point out that project cooperation within the producing trade may gain advantage from the
results of those researches.
Project manager leadership
Throughout history, individuals have tried to mention what makes a decent leader. “A number of the foremost
usually quoted historical authors embody Plato, statesman, Hobbes, and Locke from the West (Collinson, 1998),
and Kung futzu and Xunxi from the East (Collinson, Plan, & Sir Geoffrey Wilkinson, 2000). As early as five
hundred B.C., Kung futzu listed the virtues (de) of effective leaders. Four were the keys to his beliefs: Jen (love),
Li (proper conduct), Xiao (piety) and Zhang rong (the ism of the mean). Notice that 3 of the virtues square
measure emotional and only 1 are consistent with the social control. Confucius’s theory has fashioned the idea of
Chinese government for two, 500 years. During this review of what the overall management literature says
regarding victorious leadership designs and competency. the event of leadership theory through the twenty
century, and the way that's mirrored within the project management literature,” The literature on behavior of team
members and cultural behaviors of managers, and also the analyzers research on the competency of leaders.
Theories of Leadership in the 20th Century
Throughout history, individuals have tried to mention what makes a decent leader. A number of the foremost
usually quoted historical authors embody Plato, statesman, Hobbes, and Locke from the West (Collinson, 1998),
and Kung futzu and Xunxi from the East (Collinson, Plan, & Sir Geoffrey Wilkinson, 2000). As early as five
hundred B.C., Kung futzu listed the virtues (de) of effective leaders. Four were the keys to his beliefs: Jen (love),
Li (proper conduct), Xiao (piety) and Zhang rong (the ism of the mean). Notice that 3 of the virtues square
measure emotional and only 1 is consistent with the social control. Confucius’s theory has fashioned the idea of
Chinese government for two, 500 years. During this review of what the overall management literature says
regarding victorious leadership designs and competency. The event of leadership theory through the twenty
century, and the way that's mirrored within the project management literature, The literature on behavior of team
members and cultural behaviors of managers, and also the analyzers research on the competency of leaders.
Theories of Leadership within the twentieth Century
Barnard (1938) urged the functions of a pacesetter. “He aforementioned associate govt had each social control and
emotional functions, that he known as psychological feature and libidinal energy, severally. Psychological feature
functions embody guiding, directing, and limiting decisions and actions whereas libidinal energy functions
embody emotional and psychological feature aspects of goal setting, and developing religion and commitment to
a bigger ethical purpose. This is often almost like Aristotle’s read of pathos, ethos, and logos, consistent with that
a pacesetter should have the subsequent skills, to create relationships with people who square measure lead,
advocate an ethical vision and persuade by logic to manage actions”. Over the last seventy years, there are six
main colleges of leadership theory (Dulewicz & amp; Higgs, 2003; Handy, 1982; Partington, 2003): All are
written respectively, the attribute college, the activity or Vogue College, the contingency college, the visionary or
magnetic college, the emotional intelligence college and the competence college.

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Parameters Blake and Mouton Tannenbaum and Hershey and Bonoma and
Schmidt Blanchard Slevin
1. People 2-D grid based on 1 2-D grid
2. Production & 2covering 3 based on 1 & 2
3. Authority 1-D spectrum covering 3 2-D grid
4.Decision-making based on 3 based on 4 & 5
5.Decision-taking covering 4 & 5 covering 3
Table 2.3: Models of leadership style based on five parameters
Leadership Style Stage Team Type Team Nature
Laissez-faire Feasibility Egoless Experts with shared responsibility
Democratic Design Matrix Mixed discipline working on several tasks
Autocratic Execution Task Single discipline working on separate tasks
Bureaucratic Close out Surgical Mixed working on a single task
Table 2.5: Leadership styles, project team types and the project life cycle
Style Dimensions Description
Transformational Idealized influence (attributed) The charisma of the leader
Idealized influence (behavior) Charisma centered on values, beliefs, and mission
Inspirational motivation Energizing followers by optimism, goals, and vision
Intellectual stimulation Challenging creativity for problem solving
Individualized consideration Advising, supporting, and caring for individuals
Transactional Contingent reward leadership Providing role, task clarification and psychological
Management by exception(active) rewards
Management by exception (passive) Active vigilance of a leader to ensure goals are met
Leaders intervene after mistakes have happened
Laissez-faire Laissez-faire leadership Leader avoids making decisions, abdicates
responsibility, and does
not use authority
Table 2.6: Dimensions of the Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire (Bass, 1990)
Domains Competencies
Personal Competence Emotional self-awareness
• Self-awareness Accurate self-awareness
• Self-management Self-confidence
Emotional self-control
Transparency
Adaptability
Achievement
Initiative
Optimism
Social Competence Empathy
• Social awareness Organizational awareness
• Relationship management Service
Inspirational leadership
Influence
Developing others
Change catalyst
Conflict management
Building bonds
Teamwork and collaboration
Table 2.7: Domains of emotional intelligence

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Significance of the Study

Many scholars have discussed project success in arena of administration as of his positive influence on
organizational out comes (Maynard, Gilson, & Mathieu, 2012; Seibert, Wang, & Court right, 2011; Wang & Lee,
2009; Zhang & Bartol, 2010). A significant body of research on project success is that it is providing a lot of
useful findings over the past two decades which is beneficial for the organization. Due to its growing popularity it
is also getting popularity in management research and management practice.
For example, as of 2001 project management initiative has been adopted by more than 70% of fortune 1000
organizations (Lawler, Mohrman, & Benson, 2001) because project management initiative have become common
place in organizations (Ford & Fottler, 1995). Researchers have conducted very little researches near apprehend
venture triumph, or understand link amongst Venture management leadership plus venture triumph.(Macey &
Schneider, 2008). The learning’s explanation derives beginning a cumulative attention happening project
management about biosphere in universal. Bestowing towards scholar’s finest information, not at all observed
study exploration hooked on PS plus PML, and TW in Pakistani background placed this period or directed.
Sialkot is metropolis of the Pakistan. It is called the home of export so this study is applied at city of Pakistan
Sialkot. This is why current learning hence improves proof commencing a fresh republic towards current data on
project management. Collaboratively project leadership, and teamwork are comparatively fresh perception in
project success exploration plus mainstream of earlier lessons ought to remained directed advanced republics. No
slight proof accessible as of emergent republics i.e. Pakistan. On the other hand Project success factors remain
comprehensively explored subject however substantiation behalf non-western republics quiet restricted.
Earlier studies of project leadership, teamwork, and project success have mainly focused in manufacturing sector
as compared to construction and other types of business. In this study mainly focus on the organization that have
the separate project management department and the majority of his income is depend on the projects. The
situation stood captivating near bargain the headship stayed seldom restrained via dynamic triumph features of the
venture. The significance of this thesis to fill this gap which is addressed in literature, it also contributes to
understand how project success are associated to project leadership and teamwork, how they are different from
the other types of project which are not follow by the project management and theory, and to understand how
project type contribute to which form of leadership and team that are likely to engage in project success. This
research also addressed the forerunner associate argument relationship also how professed administrative
sustenance develops the perception the minds of employees to return the care to organization.
A dominant proposal towards proposition is, equally distinct plus discrete ideas of project management practices
and leadership practices resolve weaken also dwindle keen on oblivion. Hitherto calm might custom an auspicious
corporation, canister fortify the project management of whichever other organization. Certainly intensions
towards proposition remains suggest also appraise a precise nonetheless elastic outline in lieu of project success,
focus happening the assessment plus interior broadcasting of project management leadership. Moreover, resilient
influence of prevailing exploration remains associated towards the circumstance that this one accumulates
pragmatic statistics commencing a comparatively fresh traditional situation. Utmost of earlier lessons here zone
require been directed in the Sweden, Canada, USA, China, UK and the Australia. This learning is major of his
gentle described in framework of Sialkot around exhausting of numerous tackles of PM for evaluating the
impression of leadership, and teamwork on the PS which remains directly associated through the performance of
organization.
The learning is momentous by way of the authorities a trial of broader legitimacy of discoveries consequent
commencing the enquiries accompanied voguish the established republics. In assumption, learning resolves
similarly permit strategy creators also upper administrations in the Sialkot business area toward spread on a
methodical tactic to judgment of project success. The conclusions tin can is recycled to reformat PM procedures
also carry out for their extra active execution.

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Figure 2.1/Research model

Project Manager’s Leadership

Project success

Teamwork

Discussion
Basic approach supervisory of current learning in which project success hip numerous establishments carry out
figure of significant tasks below the essential ground at what time establishments incorporate entities thru diverse
information sordid addicted to a squad-based arrangement, an advanced presentation be located extra possible to
take place. This learning correspondingly delineates the project success is decisive crew progression, not
including which; exertion squads may well not be capable to happen this basic expectancy. Underneath pardon
circumstances indoors a exertion squad, employees segment their information with associate crew members. The
existing learning solves this inquiry thru investigative interrelationships among project manager leadership, crew
work also project in the course of the analysis.
Managerial implications
For managers this research has practical suggestion. Hirschhorn (1991) of good reputation that a attractive group
leader should not only prompt the group as an in one part but is also thoughtful to characteristic individual
necessities. Complementary the conflicting findings by preceding scholars (Wu., 2010; Zhang., 2013) ‘‘leaders
who try to please both individual and cluster requirements may unconsciously negotiation cluster processes and
cluster outcomes,’’ our examination, over and above two research by Wang and Howell (2010) and Tse and Chiu
(2012) project success, facilitated Hirschhorn’s (1991) declaration that project succession is normally connected
with positive organization outcome (e.g., higher performance, Collins &Smith, 2006; Srivastava et al., 2006).
We argument that team leaders involve to differentiate their behaviors as to individual person teams and
supporters in total. For personage group, using individualized deliberation behavior and normal encouragement
could form a first-rate leader–member association, which proficiently individualized the suggest hard work of
cream of the produce to followers. As a entire for team, behaviors such as outline a vision, role, nurturing
cooperation, construct and openhanded high performance likelihood are more special by the team and could bring
into being a appreciative group surroundings to control and stimulate positive behaviors of group. Equally the sets
of behavior are predictable to competently make possible project success amongst individuals, which is helpful
for organization performance improvement in this knowledge-based era.
Restrictions
Current learning consumes some precincts which would be agreed and speak to in forthcoming study. Paramount,
form of present study having focal point on causal associations between project management leadership, project
success and team work. However, modern study drawing does not authorize us to wind up completely that project
leadership leads to lesser team work because data gathering was at cross sectional level. As a result, the one point
in time quality of the study plan prohibited final declare on the causality of the associations among the variables.
Even though this research did not examine probability, the theoretical fundamental principle used for the intended
associations be present available, besides the result shows that planned archetypal stayed a normal demonstration
of the assumed interaction between the concepts. A potential limit linked towards the information that existing
learning operationalized squad disparity through inquiring squad affiliates towards socket out by what means they
recognize dissimilarity trendy ability in addition rank midst squad affiliates. Nevertheless, specific scholars
(e.g.,2007, Harrison & Klein) has given notice such hypothetical assortment methods sinew not be
establish/compelling methods of definite range, the subsequent details: (a) persons inside a crew might not need
essential material towards acceptably charge variances among their crew affiliates; (b) corresponding up to thru
authentic assortment, supposed evaluations of crew disparity stand predictable towards intolerant..

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As this research did not appear at this probability, a pattern of organizational investigate has exposed that entities’
opinion for their societal surroundings require tougher, extra undeviating inspirations proceeding performance
than prepares real background himself (e.g., 1986; Krackhardt, 1990., Eisenberger et al). Furthermore, value
project manager leadership takes consequently remained recognized equally experimentally besides theoretically
(2013; Hentschel et al). Conversely, near supply further important corroboration concerning actively of crew
work, supposed disproportion must be usefully drafted into imminent study. Lastly, additional restraint for this
learning stalks commencing the physiognomies of the illustration. This learning was carried out in small, medium
and large, manufacturing companies in Pakistan with by and large less educated male respondents. Generalization
of consequences has been limited due cultural perspective in diverse work settings. These insufficiencies offer a
probability for upcoming study look on the current conclusions in further and mottled kinds of establishments
with extra diverse or else traditionally dissimilar sample.
Upcoming study guidelines
Current learning reveals that squad work also project manager leadership and Project success in the district
Sialkot and it can conduct in different sector. Viewpoint study should monitor other encouraged instruments that
can extra considerate of the process in the course of which team work influence project success in team groups.
Thus, future researches could watch whether the project manager’s leaderships have an effect on the neck and
neck of squad affiliates’ obligation aimed at perception and whatever this prerequisite put in plain words the
associations between team selection and succeeding project success behaviors. To enhanced considerate of
exclusive relationships between project manager leadership and the dissimilar mechanisms in presumption
sharing of information in teams, study maybe collect upon results from this study and look at numerous
independents and also as mediators, like need for cognition. In the future studies there are a probability available
to work on this frame work but team work is considered as mediating variable. Next future research is conducted
in different areas like services sector, technical sector information technology. And the research is conducted on
the large scale increase the population size like Punjab and Pakistan.

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