AYU Access this article online

Website: www.ayujournal.org

DOI: 10.4103/0974-8520.119668
Clinical Research Quick Response Code:

Clinical trial on different dose patterns of Shodhanartha

Abhyantara Snehana
Vasant C. Patil, Anup B. Thakar1, Madhav Singh Baghel2
Assistant Professor, Department of Post-Graduate Studies in Panchakarma, SVM Ayurveda Medical College, Ilkal,
Karnataka, 1Associate Professor, Department of Panchakarma, 2Professor, Department of Kayachikitsa, Institute
for Post Graduate Teaching and Research in Ayurveda, Gujarat Ayurved University, Jamnagar, Gujarat, India

Abstract
Internal oleation (Snehana) is a major preparatory procedures performed before
Bio‑Purification (Shodhana). Oleation leads and decides the total outcome of the
Bio‑purification therapy; hence, standard guidelines are needed for performing the internal
oleation in an effective manner and also for avoiding the inadequate and excess oleation. It
is obligatory to start and increase the dose of lipids (Sneha) in appropriate and judicious way
considering the bio‑fire (Agni) and nature of bowel habit (Koshtha) of the subject. The outcome
of Bio‑Purification depends upon proper mobilization of Dosha from the periphery (Shakha) to
gastrointestinal tract (Koshtha); which is achieved with the help of oleation therapy (Snehana
Karma) and sudation therapy (Svedana Karma). This clinical study was carried out on 29 subjects
to standardize the dose and duration of internal oleation and to develop the oleation grade
for the assessment of internal oleation therapy. The selected subjects were randomly divided
into two groups, in which group A was given fixed increase dose of ghee and in group B
non‑fixed increase dose was given. Results of this study show that the total percentage of
oleation was 33.57% in group A and it was 45.28% in group B. Subjects of Group B (non‑fixed
dose schedule) have shown better oleation in all the aspects, i.e. duration, oleation grade, and
purification grade.
Key words: Bio‑purification, oleation, purgation, purification, Snehana, Shodhana

Introduction the Vata Dosha. Sneha helps in protecting the body from the
negative onslaught of Vata Dosha.
Internal oleation is the major preparatory procedures In Ayurvedic classics, brief procedures of internal oleation has
performed before Bio‑purificatory therapies (Shodhana been told in the form of verse; however, there is no detail and
Karma) such as therapeutic emesis (Vamana Karma) and precise explanation about the test dose, pattern of increase in
therapeutic purgation (Virechana Karma). The outcome of dose, assessment of symptoms of adequate oleation (Samyak
Bio‑Purification depends upon proper mobilization of Dosha Snigdha Lakshana),[2] etc. So, there is urgent need of
from the periphery (Shakha) to gastrointestinal tract (Koshtha), standardization of internal oleation, especially the dose pattern.
which is achieved with the help of oleation therapy (Snehana
Karma) and sudation therapy (Svedana Karma). Of these two, Currently, the practicing physicians are facing difficulty in
the oleation is a major therapy which decides the outcome of deciding the proper dose and duration of oleation. Therefore,
purificatory procedure.[1] two main discussion points in internal oleation are the fixation
of dose and duration. It seems that Scholars have considered
Emesis and purgation are the Bio‑purificatory procedures bio‑fire (Agni) as a technique to fix the dose of Sneha and
against the normal physiological processes of the body. Anything bowel habit (Koshtha) to fix the duration of oleation.[3]
against physiological activity of the body is bound to aggravate
There is no mention of dose schedule of Sneha in classics.
Indirect references regarding the fixation of dose of Sneha are
available. Charaka explained this with an illustration that, just
Address for correspondence: Dr. Vasant C. Patil,
as cloth absorbs the water up to its capacity then drains off.
Assistant Professor, Department of Post‑Graduate Studies
Similarly, the bio‑fire according to its strength digests the Sneha
in Panchakarma, SVM Ayurveda Medical College,
and drains off when excess. Here, Chakrapani also supported
Ilkal, Karnataka, India.
the Charaka’s view of where to stop Snehana.[4] Up to the
E‑mail: [email protected]
12th cent A.D., the physicians are able to assess the bio‑fire and

AYU | Apr-Jun 2013 | Vol 34 | Issue 2 147

 Patil, et al.: Clinical trial on dose patterns of Shodhanartha Abhyantara Snehana

bowel habit and decide how much dose and duration for Sneha Rest days
is required. Afterwards, in the society, the physician wanted a This is the 3 days interval after completion of oleation. The oil
quick ready reckoner of internal oleation schedule, which was massage and sudation therapy were performed in the morning
fulfilled by Vangasena for first time in 12th cent. A.D. Vangasena during this period and the subjects were given liquid, hot, and
was the first Scholar to describe clearly the three abstract light diet.
incremental dose schedules as least, medium, and best.[5]
Purgation
Ghee (medicated or non‑medicated) is given in specific On the day of purgation, first oil massage and sudation were
increasing dose pattern for three to seven days, determined done and then purgative formulation was administered at
by the nature of bowels passed and the digestive power of an around 10 am.
individual. Estimated quantity of lipid required for oleation
ranges from 600 to 1200 ml. Post‑purificatory dietetic regimen
Payadi diet regimen was advised after purgation, depending
The careful daily assessment of oleation is very important for upon the type of Bio‑purification.[8]
deciding further steps like sudation, emesis, or purgation. Any
error in the assessment may lead to complications. The assessment Design of study
of the outcome of oleation therapy is done on the basis of the This is a randomized, parallel, and open labeled interventional
symptoms of adequate oleation described in the classics. clinical trial.
It is hypothesized that oleation occurs better in the group, Selection of subjects
where Sneha has been given according to the bio‑fire. In The recruited subjects fulfilling the inclusion criteria were
addition, it is presumed that if oleation occurs better, then selected for the study irrespective of sex, religion, occupation, etc.
purification will be better.
Inclusion criteria
Aims and Objects Patients having Eczema, Leucoderma, Acne, Psoriasis, and
healthy volunteers belonging to age group of 16 to 60 years
1. To formulate oleation grade assessment criteria for the were selected for the study.
assessment of oleation
2. To evaluate the effect of oleation on the outcome of
Exclusion criteria
Subjects having major illness and severe impairment of bio‑fire
Bio‑purification
were excluded from the study.
3. To evaluate the safety of Internal oleation.
Grouping
Materials and Methods The selected patients and healthy volunteers were randomly
divided and studied under two groups.
Subjects attending the OPD of Kayachikitsa, Institute of Post
Graduate Teaching and Research (IPGT and RA), Jamnagar,
Group A (fixed dose group)
Subjects in the group received test dose of pure ghee on the
were recruited for the study. Then, detailed examination of
first day and then dose was increased equal to the test dose
the subject was done on the basis of a specially prepared
daily, till the appearance of symptoms of adequate oleation or
CRF incorporating all the details about internal oleation and
maximum seven days, whichever was earlier.
purgation along with the necessary details of disease conditions.
The assessment criteria for bio‑fire, bowel habit, and symptoms Group B (non‑fixed dose group)
of adequate oleation formulated earlier by Varsha B, et al.[6] In this group, the subjects were given test dose on the first
were modified and used in the present study.[7] For assessment day and then dose was increased on the basis of analysis of
of oleation grade, a new formula was developed. bio‑fire by using parameter of the bio‑fire index. Pure ghee was
given till the appearance of symptoms of adequate oleation or
Brief procedure of oleation and purgation maximum seven days, whichever was earlier. So, the dose of
Preparatory procedures of oleation Sneha was not fixed and the dose schedule in this group varied
Prior to the oleation therapy in all the groups, the assessment in each individual subject.
of Agni and Koshtha was done in all subjects. In subjects having
indigested matter (Ama), digestive therapy (Pachana) with Interventions
Trikatu powder 3 g thrice in a day for two days was given. Same for both groups (except the dose).

Main procedure of internal oleation Drug

In the morning (after proper digestion of previous night meal Amul brand Buffalo ghee for oleation.
and in empty stomach), the subjects were administered the
ghee. Hot water was given as after drink. Purgative formulation
Icchabhedi Rasa[9] 250 mg and 80 ml of decoction of Triphala
After administering ghee, instructions were given to the and endocarp of fruit of Cassia Fistula (Aragwadha).
subjects ‑ not to take food until he/she feels hunger and only
hot water was allowed to drink. During this period, subjects Posology
were given light diet from I.P.D. The symptoms of adequate The drugs were administered according to bio‑fire
oleation were observed daily. strength (Agnibala), bowel habit (Koshtha), constitution,

148 AYU | Apr-Jun 2013 | Vol 34 | Issue 2

 Patil, et al.: Clinical trial on dose patterns of Shodhanartha Abhyantara Snehana

exercise capacity, physique, habit, etc., till the appearance Only fat excretion 1
of symptoms of adequate oleation or maximum seven days, d) Oiliness of skin (Tvak Snigdhata)
early in the morning, at sunrise time, after digestion of Excessively dry and rough skin 5
previous meal, when the subject is not feeling hungry with Roughness of skin 4
hot water.
Dryness of skin 3
Test dose Normal skin 2
For both groups, test dose was fixed on the basis of the Oily skin 1
following Criteria Excessively oil skin 0
Factor Score e) Lightness of body (Gatra Laghava)
Strength of bio‑fire 20 Absent in all 24 hrs. 5
Exercise capacity 10 Present after 18‑24 hrs. 4
Habit 10 Present after 12‑17 hrs. 3
Soft/medium/hard bowel habit 30/20/10 Present after 6‑11 hrs. 2
Present after 3‑5 hrs. 1
Interpretation f) Lightness of abdomen (Udara Laghava)
If the score was more than 50, then 50 ml of test dose was Absent in all 24 hrs. 5
given. If the score was more than 40, then 40 ml of test dose
was given, and If the score was more than 30, then 30 ml of Present after 18‑24 hrs. 4
test dose was given. Present after 12‑17 hrs. 3
Present after 6‑11 hrs. 2
Follow‑up
Present after 3‑5 hrs. 1
Subjects were observed daily during oleation and after
purgation. g) Normal unobstructed evacuation of stool
(Mala-anulomana)
Statistical test No defecation 4
The data obtained were subjected to statistical analysis for Not satisfactory, with straining 3
level of significance by paired ‘t’ test and unpaired ‘t’ test using Satisfactory, with straining 2
Sigmastat software.
Satisfactory, without straining 1
Assessment criteria h) Softness of body parts (Anga Mardava)
To give objectivity, score was assigned to all symptoms of Slight
adequate oleation. Moderate
Scoring pattern Excess
i) Weakness (Sada)
Symptoms 1_Ap Mild weakness occasionally and does not affects 3
a) Normalcy of Vata (Vatanulomana) activities of daily living
Upward movement of Vata with excessive belching 5 Moderate weakness either occasionally or 2
and flatulence continuously present; affects ADL
Upward movement of Vata with occasional belching 4
Severe weakness present continuously; affects ADL 1
and flatulence
Absent 0
Mild flatulence and heaviness of abdomen 3
Vatanulomana but absence of lightness of 2 j) Fatigue without doing any work (Klama)
abdomen Mild fatigue occasionally and does not affects 3
Vatanulomana and lightness of abdomen 1 activities of daily living
b) Consistency of stool (Pureesha Samhati) Moderate fatigue either occasionally or 2
continuously present; affects ADL
Too dry and solidified 5
Solidified 4 Severe fatigue present continuously; affects ADL 1
Normal (semisolid) 3 Absent 0
Loose 2 k) Aversion to oily substance intake (Snehodvega)
Watery 1
Aversion, yet the person can able to take ghee 3
c) Oiliness of stool (Pureesha Snigdhata)
without force
Dry stool 5
Aversion by tasting, person can able to take Ghee 2
Stool with less quantity of fat 4
on forcing
Stool with moderate quantity of fat 3 Aversion by tasting, seeing and smelling; person 1
Stool with large quantity of fat 2 cannot able to take at all

AYU | Apr-Jun 2013 | Vol 34 | Issue 2 149

 Patil, et al.: Clinical trial on dose patterns of Shodhanartha Abhyantara Snehana

Intensity of bio‑fire Table 1: Symptoms of adequate oleation observed in

Bio-fire Strength Index (BSI) = Total Dose / Given Dose × T.
29 subjects
T = Time taken for the digestion of Ghee. Symptoms of adequate Group A Group B
Lesser the BSI, more will be the intensity of bio-fire. oleation No. % No. %
Normalcy of Vata 14 100 15 100
Assessment criteria of grade of oleation Intensity of Bio‑fire 14 100 15 100
For assessing the oleation Grade on the basis of symptoms of Loose stool 14 100 15 100
adequate oleation, an equation was developed as follows:
Oiliness of stool 14 100 15 100
Total score of symptoms of adequate oleation is 47. After
vigilantly analyzing the score, different grades of oleation had Normal unobstructed 14 100 15 100
been framed by giving range of score. evacuation of stool
Lightness of body 14 100 15 100
Score Grade of oleation Lightness of abdomen 14 100 15 100
9‑16 Superior and adequate Softness of body parts 14 100 15 100
17‑24 Moderate and adequate Oiliness of skin 2 57.14 10 80
25‑32 Mild and adequate Weakness 6 42.86 5 33.33
>32 Inadequate Fatigue without doing any work 6 42.86 6 40
<9 Excess Aversion to lipids 2 14.28 4 26.66

Results appear, then it can be concluded that complete oleation

of gastrointestinal tract has occurred. This is also called as
General observations gastrointestinal tract oleation (Koshtha Snigdhata) in general.
Total 29 subjects were registered for the present study, which Afterwards, the symptoms like softness of body parts and
were randomly divided by simple random sampling into two oiliness of skin appear. This reveals that oleation has reached
groups. Among these, 14 subjects were registered in group A up to peripheral tissue level. This is called as peripheral tissue
and 15 subjects were registered in group B. In group A, one oleation (Shakha Snigdhata). The symptom of aversion to lipids
subject left against medical advice. intake suggests that there is no need of further administration
of lipids [Tables 2 and 3].
82.76% of the study populations were unhealthy, in which
maximum 41.38% subjects were having eczema, followed by Thus, from the above data, it can be concluded that the
34.48% psoriasis, and least of 3.45% subjects were having acne pattern of symptoms of adequate oleation as described by
and leucoderma. In this study, 17.24% individuals were healthy Charaka[11] and other eminent Scholars appear in a sequential
volunteers. manner. However, some symptoms like oiliness of skin and
aversion to lipids are little difficult to achieve and may not
appear in all the subjects. Lightness of body present during the
Discussion
initial phase of oleation but its appearance lessens as the dose
has increased.
So, though internal oleation is in practice since ancient times
as a preparatory procedure of Bio‑purification, the details of the Effect of Snehana on both groups
process were changed in some or other way in the flow of time There is significant effect of Snehana on Pureesha Snigdhata,
period and traditions. From the available Ayurvedic textbooks, Gatra mardava, and Tvak Snigdhata in group B compared to
some daily abstract dose schedules are mentioned which were the group A [Table 4]. The data indicate that in group B,
based on the individual experiences or traditions. Some other the % of oleation was more, i.e. 45.28. So, the hypothesis
authors even tried to double the 6th day dose on 7th day.[10] stands true that by giving the dose of Sneha with due
consideration of bio‑fire and bowel habit, better oleation will
Symptoms of adequate oleation be obtained [Table 5].
Normalcy of Vata is very first symptom quoted in the list of
symptoms. Practically also, this symptom appears first. The value of Varsha B. et al., concluded that the Sneha given in
Bio‑fire strength index (BSI) was accepted as a score for intensity increasing dose pattern does better oleation leading to better
of hunger directly. Though the subjects did not report the actual bio‑purification.[12] Aswini K. et al., concluded that oleation by
increase in hunger on their regular meal timings but considering increasing dose pattern is the best choice prior to purgation, as
the quantity of ghee given, the BSI was decided [Table 1]. in this group less discomfort during digestion of ghee, grade of
oleation is more.[13]
Pattern of appearance of symptoms of oleation
The data suggest that all symptoms of adequate oleation do Oleation grade (Snigdhata grade)
not appear on the same day but as oleation process goes on In group A, maximum of 57.14% subjects achieved moderate
in the body, the symptoms appear one by one. First of all, grade, 28.57% subjects achieved best grade, and 14.28% subjects
gastrointestinal tract becomes oleated, so that normalcy of achieved least. In group B, maximum 73.33% subjects achieved
Vata Dosha and intensity of bio‑fire are observed initially. best grade, 26.66% subjects achieved moderate grade, and not a
Furthermore, when oiliness of stool and loose stool signs single case of least grade [Table 6].

150 AYU | Apr-Jun 2013 | Vol 34 | Issue 2

 Patil, et al.: Clinical trial on dose patterns of Shodhanartha Abhyantara Snehana

Relation between oleation grade and purification Dose pattern for oleation
grade The dose pattern was standardized as follows:
This data clearly indicate that better quantitative and qualitative • For best strength of bio‑fire: 40, 76, 108, 146, 205, 225,
oleation provides better grade of purification. In group B, where and 210 ml
dose increase was according to bio‑fire, the subjects achieved • For medium strength of bio‑fire: 37, 75, 116, 152, 201,
better bouts of purgation, i.e. onset, interval between two bouts, 276, and 210 ml
and total purgation period was less [Table 7]. • For least strength of bio‑fire: 30, 50, 90, 130, 160, 220 ml

Table 2: Pattern of adequate oleation found in subjects of group A

Initiation of symptoms Mean score
I day II day III day IV day V day VI day VII day
Normalcy of Vata 1.1 1.08 1.07 1.21 1.15 1.1 1.12
Intensity of Bio‑fire 2.57 2.75 2.06 1.63 1.50 1.11 0.73
Loose stool 3.14 3.07 2.78 2.30 2 2.1 1.87
Oiliness of stool 4.85 4.42 4 3.42 3.15 2.8 2.37
Softness of body parts ‑ ‑ ‑ 2.14 2 1.8 1.75
Oiliness of skin ‑ ‑ ‑ 2.5 2.46 2.3 2
Lightness of body 1.21 1.35 1.42 1.57 2 2.1 2.12
Weakness ‑ ‑ ‑ 2.5 2.25 1.75 1.75
Fatigue without doing any work ‑ ‑ 2.25 2.4 2.25 2.16 2
Aversion to lipids 0 0 0 3 2.8 2.75 2.5

Table 3: Pattern of adequate oleation found in subjects of group B

Initiation of symptoms Mean score
I day II day III day IV day V day VI day VII day
Normalcy of Vata 1.22 1.21 1.2 1.13 1.14 1.12 1.0
Intensity of Bio‑fire 2.53 2.53 1.83 1.57 1.18 1.11 1.10
Loose stool 3.21 2.92 2.71 2.4 1.85 1.66 1.54
Oiliness of stool 4.42 4.21 3.85 3.4 3.21 2.77 2.5
Softness of body parts ‑ ‑ 2.33 1.93 2.5 1.33 1.30
Oiliness of skin ‑ ‑ 2.46 2.2 1.78 1.33 1.30
Lightness of body 1.13 1.4 1.73 1.46 1.64 1.66 2.5
Weakness ‑ ‑ 2.66 2.66 2.75 2.66 1.5
Fatigue without doing any work ‑ ‑ 2.75 2.66 2.33 1.5 1.5
Aversion to lipids ‑ ‑ 2 2 2.71 1.4 2
Here scoring pattern was framed in such way that, lesser the score more the Snehana

Table 4: Effect of Snehana on both groups

Symptoms Mean % SD SE Unpaired t P
Group A Group B
Vatanulomana 1.071 1.000 6.54 0.00 0.00 1.000 >0.05
Agnideepti 0.800 0.736 7.5 0.224 0.059 0.419 >0.05
Asamhata Varchas 1.857 1.929 3.78 0.730 0.195 −0.32 >0.05
Pureesha Snigdhata 2.857 2.286 20 0.469 0.125 2.174 <0.05
Gatra Mardava 1.857 1.143 38.45 0.363 0.097 5.204 <0.001
Tvak Snigdhata 2.000 1.500 25 0.519 0.139 2.463 <0.05
S D: Standard deviation, S E: Standard error

Table 5: Total effect of oleation in 29 subjects

Group Total mean score of symptoms of adequate oleation in seven days % of oleation
I day II day III day IV day VI day VI day VII day
A 32.55 32.51 29.43 26.99 23.55 18.61 14.76 33.57
B 32.88 33.00 28.17 25.56 24.11 13.40 3.786 45.28
Percentage of oleation calculated by taking the average of individual symptoms of adequate oleation

AYU | Apr-Jun 2013 | Vol 34 | Issue 2 151

 Patil, et al.: Clinical trial on dose patterns of Shodhanartha Abhyantara Snehana

Effect of oleation on lipids Table 6: Oleation grade observed in 29 subjects

Some modern physicians and subjects undergoing oleation
therapy think that it might lead to rise in the lipid levels. There Oleation Group A Group B Total Percentage
is a fear amongst the medical fraternity and the subjects that grade No. of % No. of %
oral intake of lipids used for oleation therapy (internal oleation) Pts Pts
may lead to an increase in the biochemical parameters, Least 2 14.28 0 0 2 6.89
especially the lipids. Oral ingestion of cholesterol is reflected Medium 8 57.14 4 26.66 12 41.37
as a mild increase in the plasma concentration. However, when Best 4 28.57 11 73.33 15 51.72
cholesterol is ingested, the rising concentration of cholesterol
inhibits the most essential enzyme for endogenous synthesis
of cholesterol, thus providing an intrinsic feedback control Table 7: Relation between oleation grade and
system to prevent an excessive increase. As a result, the purification grade
plasma concentration is usually not altered more than ± 15% Oleation No. of Purification grade
by altering the amount of cholesterol in the diet, although grade pts Best Medium Least
individual responses differ markedly. A highly saturated fat (%) (%)
diet increases blood cholesterol concentration up to 15 to 25%.
Group A
Ingestion of diet containing highly unsaturated fatty acids
Best 5 120 360 120%
usually depresses the blood cholesterol concentration to a slight
moderate amount [Tables 8‑11].[14] Moderate 7 ‑ 114.2 571.4%
Least 2 ‑ ‑ 2
A review of studies done till date provides an evidence that Group B
oral ingestion of lipids (internal oleation) do not cause rise in
Best 11 327.3 763.6 19.09%
the level of lipids, rather it facilitates in bringing the increased
Moderate 4 250 250 ‑
level lipids to normal; even if the lipid levels increase during
Least 0 0 0 0
oral ingestion of lipids (internal oleation), it is transient and

Table 8: Effect of internal oleation on Biochemical parameters in group A

Biochemical parameters n Mean % SD SE T P
BS AS
Cholesterol 13 193.5 202.7 ↑4.8 20.43 5.67 −1.629 >0.05
Triglycerides 12 145.7 134.8 ↓7.47 109.3 31.57 0.345 >0.05
HDL 13 39.98 41.82 ↑4.63 11.29 3.13 −0.59 >0.05
LDL 12 122.9 135.0 ↑9.87 52.66 15.2 −0.799 >0.05
VLDL 12 29.10 28.62 ↓1.65 23.55 6.79 0.071 >0.05
B S: Before Snehana, A S: After Snehana, S D: Standard deviation, HDL: High density lipoproteins, LDL: Low density lipoproteins,VLDL:Very low density lipoproteins

Table 9: Effect of internal oleation on Biochemical parameters in group B

Biochemical parameters n Mean % SD SE T P
BS AS
Cholesterol 13 170.62 195.0 ↑14.95 40.63 11.27 −2.164 >0.05
Triglycerides 13 114.62 143.07 ↑24.82 41.64 11.55 −2.47 <0.05
HDL 13 35.55 35.84 ↑0.82 16.26 4.51 −0.064 >0.05
LDL 13 109.12 127.78 ↑17.10 41.59 11.53 −1.62 >0.05
VLDL 13 20.95 26.70 ↑27.44 8.98 2.49 −2.31 <0.05
B S: Before Snehana, A S: After Snehana, S D: Standard deviation, HDL: High density lipoproteins, LDL: Low density lipoproteins,VLDL:Very low density lipoproteins

Table 10: Effect of purgation therapy on Biochemical parameters in group A

Biochemical parameters n Mean % SD SE T P
BS AV
Cholesterol 13 193.54 192.46 ↓0.56 17.16 4.76 0.226 >0.05
Triglycerides 12 145.75 104.58 ↓24.13 61.41 17.73 2.32 <0.05
HDL 13 39.98 40.25 ↑0.67 10.92 3.03 −0.088 >0.05
LDL 12 122.95 128.15 ↑4.22 30.62 8.83 −0.588 >0.05
VLDL 12 29.11 20.92 ↓28.17 12.31 3.55 2.305 <0.05
B S: Before Snehana, A V: After Virechana, S D: Standard deviation, HDL: High density lipoproteins, LDL: Low density lipoproteins,VLDL:Very low density lipoproteins

152 AYU | Apr-Jun 2013 | Vol 34 | Issue 2

 Patil, et al.: Clinical trial on dose patterns of Shodhanartha Abhyantara Snehana

Table 11: Effect of purgation therapy on biochemical parameters in group B

Biochemical parameters n Mean % SD SE T P
BS AV
Cholesterol 13 170.62 185.85 ↑8.93 49.43 13.71 −1.11 >0.05
Triglycerides 13 114.62 121.07 ↑5.6 62.82 17.42 −0.37 >0.05
HDL 13 35.55 40.54 ↑14 13.93 3.86 −1.29 >0.05
LDL 13 109.12 120.74 ↑10.65 75.93 9.97 −1.16 >0.05
VLDL 13 20.95 24.76 ↑18.83 12.96 3.59 −1.262 >0.05
B S: Before Snehana, A V: After Virechana, S D: Standard deviation, HDL: High density lipoproteins, LDL: Low density lipoproteins,VLDL:Very low density lipoproteins

comes to normal after adequate Bio‑Purification (Samyak 2. Charaka. Charaka Samhita. Trikamji Y, editor. Sutrasthana, Chapter 13,
Shodhana). The fear associated with the oral ingestion of lipids Verse no. 58, 5th ed, New Delhi: Rashtriya Sanskrit Sansthan; 2002. p. 85.
3. Patil Vasant, Anup B. Thakar, Madhav Singh Baghel. Clinical study on
might be dispelled; thus, oleation therapy might be better
standardization of Shodhanarth Snehana. Journal of Research in Ayurveda
acceptable. Judicious use of oral lipids aimed at Bio‑Purification and Siddha. Vol. 28. New Delhi: CCRAS; 2007. p. 26‑36.
can be done even in cardiac diseases, non‑insulin‑dependent 4. Charaka. Charaka Samhita. Trikamji Y, editor. Sutrasthana, Chapter 13,
Diabetes mellitus where the lipids levels are usually abnormal. Verse no. 96, 5th ed, New Delhi: Rashtriya Sanskrit Sansthan; 2002. p. 87.
A prior medication aimed to bring about drying secretions 5. Vangasena A. Chikitsasara Sangraha. Snehana Adhikara, New Delhi:
of the body (Rukshana Karma) is advised in these specific Chowkhmbha Publications; 2002.
conditions.[15] A careful consideration of humors (Dosha), 6. Varsha B, Gurudeep Singh, Madhava Singh Baghel. A clinical study on
standardization of Shodhanartha Abhyantara Snehapanam. Jamnagar:
Tissue (Dooshya), Channels (Srotas), Digestive fire (Agni),
IPGTRA; 2000.
Ama, etc., prior to the oleation procedure.[16] 7. Patil Vasant, Anup B. Thakar, Madhav Singh Baghel. Assessment of agni
and koshţha w. s. r. to Abhyantara Snehana. Vol. 28. Coimbatore: Ancient
Conclusion Science of Life; 2008.p. 26‑8.
8. Patil Vasant, Anup B. Thakar, Madhav Singh Baghel. Principles and Practice
of Panchakarma. 3rd ed. Ilkal: Atreya Ayurveda Publications; 2011. p. 262.
• Increasing dose pattern according to bio‑fire and bowel habit in 9. Ambikadattta Shastri, Bhaishajya Ratnavali, Udavarta Adhikara, Verse No.
group B provided better results, so it is obligatory to consider 49‑50, 3rd ed. Varanasi; Chaukhambha Orientalia: p. 472
these two factors for dose fixation and duration of oleation 10. Patil V. Principles and Practice of Panchakarma. 3rd ed. Ilkal: Atreya
• The onset of various symptoms of adequate oleation occurs Ayurveda Publications; 2011. p. 103.
in a sequential manner which is helpful in predicting the 11. Charaka. Charaka Samhita. Trikamji Y, editor. Sutrasthana, Chapter 13,
duration of oleation and also for deciding the GIT oleation Verse no. 58, 5th ed, New Delhi: Rashtriya Sanskrit Sansthan; 2002. p. 85.
12. Varsha B. A clinical study on standardization of Shodhanartha Abhyantara
and peripheral tissue oleation
Snehapanam. Jamnagar: IPGTRA; 2000.
• The newly formulated criteria for assessment of oleation 13. Ashvin K, Singh Gurudip, Pujar Muralidhar. A study on shodhananga
Grade should be incorporated for assessing the oleation Arohana and Sadyo Snehana. Hassan: 2003.
grade 14. Guyton AC, Hall JE. Textbook of Medical Physiology. 10th ed. Singapore:
• If purgation is performed after proper oleation, superior Harcourt Publishers International Company and W. B. Saunders Company;
and safer purification is achieved. 2001.
15. Vagbhata A, Hridaya A. Commentary by Arunadatta and Hemadri
Paradkar, editor. Sutrasthana chapter 16, Verse no. 38, 2nd ed. Varanasi:
References Krishnadas Academy; 1995.
16. Patil Vasant, Anup B. Thakar, Madhav Singh Baghel. Effect of
1. Patil V. Snehana therapy in Ayurveda. New Delhi: Chowkhambha Snehapana (Internal Oleation) on lipids: A critical review. Vol. 29.
Publications; 2008. p. 1. Coimbatore: Ancient Science of Life; 2009. p. 40‑7.

{hÝXr gmam§e
emoYZmW© Amä¶ÝVa ñZohZ H$s ‘mÌm Ed§ nÕ{V H$m {M{H$ËgH$s¶ Aܶ¶Z
dgÝV nm{Q>b, AZwn R>mH$a, ‘mYdqgh ~Kob
Amä¶mÝVa ñZohZ EH$ ‘hËdnyU© nyd©H$‘© h¡, {Ogo emoYZ Ho$ nyd© à¶moJ {H$¶m OmVm h¡ & nyd©H$‘© emoYZ Ho$ n[aUm‘ H$mo à^mdr ~ZmVm h¡ &
Bg{b¶o Amä¶ÝVa ñZohZ H$m à¶moJ H$aZo Ho$ {b¶o ‘mZH$sH$aU H$s Amdí¶H$Vm h¡ & Amä¶ÝVa ñZohZ H$s ‘mÌm ¶w{º$V…A{¾ Ed§ H$moð>
H$r narjm H$aZo H$o ~mX {Z{üV H$aVo h¡ & Bg Aܶ¶Z H$mo Hw$b 29 ñdñW Ed§ amo{J¶mo {H$¶m J¶m& g‘yh A ‘o ñZoh pñWa ‘mÌm ‘o Am¡a
g‘wh B ‘o ñZoh dY©‘mZ ‘mÌm ‘o {X¶m J¶m& Bg Aܶ¶Z Ho$ n[aUm‘ AZwgma, g‘wh A ‘o Hw$b 33.57% Am¡a g‘wh B ‘o Hw$b 45.28%
ñZohZ à^md àmá hþAm& g‘wh B Ho$ ñdñW Ed§ amo{J¶m| ‘o ñZohZ H$m CÎm‘ n[aUm‘ {‘bm&

AYU | Apr-Jun 2013 | Vol 34 | Issue 2 153