Report on hospital

training
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Contents

S.NO. TOPIC PAGE NO.

1 INTRODUCTION 4-5

2 VISION 6
3 MISSION 7
4 LAYOUT 8
5 EQUIPMENTS 9-16

6 DEPARTMENTS 17-24
7 VALUE 25
8 CONCLUSION 26

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ACKNOWLEDGMENT

I am profoundly grateful to the hospital for the exceptional training experience provided.the
hospital staff and the expetized medical professional have significantly contributed to my growth
and understanding the the healthcare practice.i have learnt a lot during my training duration of 35
days ( 4 October, 2024 to 7 November, 2024) it was fortunate to get an opportunity of working
in this hospital.

I would like to express my sincere gratitude to the staff and community of K.R.V Nursing Home
Lalburra for providing support and guidance during my training.special thanks to MRS.RANI
NAGPURE for their mentorship and continuous encouragement.this experience has been
instrumental and enhancing my skills and understanding of healthcare practice

I would like to thank all the trainees and staff,who help me very much and without whom support
and guidance it would be impossible for me to complete the report

Last but not the least I would like to thank my friends and family members,who give mestrength and
inspire me to put best efforts in hospital training report

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1. INTRODUCTION
 Hospitals provide medical care and treatment for ill or injured people. They are
complex institutions with clinical, diagnostic, therapeutic, and support services
provided by diverse staff working together. Hospitals face many challenges in the
modern era, such as high costs, ensuring quality services, management challenges,
lack of trained staff, and increasing client awareness of their rights. The functions of
hospitals have expanded over time from caring for the sick to providing
preventative, rehabilitative, educational, and research services in addition to
treatment.

 The hospital has several departments such as Out Patient Department (OPD),
Emergency Department, Pathology,X-ray, etc .

 The emergency department is most crowded department of the hospital.it is crowded all
the day and sometimes even in night .
1.1 - Objective of hospital training
Develop a strong foundation in pharmaceutical sciences and clinical pharmacy practice
.
• Acquire hands on experience in drug dispensary, compounding and dosage calculation.
• Enhance communication skills for effective interaction with patient.
• Gain proficiency in medication management and optimization.
• Understand and implement quality assurance measure in pharmacy services.
• Learn about medication safety, error prevention,and adverse event reporting.
• understand the role of pharmacist in preventing the spread of infectious diseases.
• Collaborate with healthcare providers to optimize medication for patients.
• Stay updated on new drug, treatment guidelines,and emerging trends in pharmacy.
• Promote engagement in research activities related to pharmacy and healthcare .

Develop and understanding of pharmacy administration and management principles

In developed countries the hospital as an institution is complex, and

it is made more so as modern technology increases the range of diagnostic
capabilities and expands the possibilities for treatment. As a result of the greater
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range of services and the more-involved treatments and surgeries available, a more
highly trained staff is required. A combination of medical research, engineering, and
biotechnology has produced a vast array of new treatments and instrumentation,
much of which requires specialized training and facilities for its use. Hospitals thus
have become more expensive to operate, and health service managers are
increasingly concerned with questions of quality, cost, effectiveness, and efficiency

Fig 1.1 K.R.V NURSING HOME LALBURRA

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2. VISSION

 To be the most trusted healthcare partner FOR PEOPLE through our unsurpassed
quality & care and by striving to provide ACCESSIBLE, AFFORDABLE and BEST
AVAILABLE healthcare services in India.

 To provide quality health care to the patients, conforming to scientific and

ethical standards. To provide an ideal environment for medical education
and research.


Objective of the study:-

1. To study the hospital structure.

2. To know about Its product and services activities.
3. To know different function of all the departments.
4. To know the responsibilities of top management and how to execute responsibilities.
5. To analyse the working of hospital using by analysis of various departments.

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3. MISSION

The overall objectives of the study:

 The patient always comes first. We are dedicated to patient care.

 We treat each person with respect and dignity.
 We use a team approach to providing health care, and involve the patient as part
of our team.
 By instilling confidence in our patients, they will become positive forces in the
community and contribute to the health of others.
 we aim to continuously and profitably improve our services,staff, and facilities through
conducting innovative training programs.

Our mission is to encourage healthy living, which prevent illness and restore
optimal health with the people residing.working or visiting the communities we serve.

• To promote patient education and community awareness, prevention and

other health issues.
• To provide professional growth among medical and pharmaceutical staff.

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4. LAYOUT

Fig 4.1 Layout

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5. EQUIPMENTS

5.1 GULCOMETER :-
It is a medical device which is used to determine the approximate concentration of
glucose in blood.it is a key element of glucose testing, including home blood glucose monitoring
(HBGM) performed by people with diabetes mellitus or hypoglycemia.
A small drop of blood obtained from slightly piercing a fingertip with “lancet”,is placed on a
disposable test strip that the
d uses to calculate the blood glucose level.its unit is mg/dL or mmol/L

• Long -term complications – hyperglycemia.

• Short-term complications – hypoglycemia.

Fig 5.1 glucometer

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5.2 Thermometer :-

A medical thermometer also known as a clinical thermometer.it is used to measure

the temperature of a human or animal body.thermometer work by detecting change in
temperature and converting them into a numerical value.
 A digital thermometer is used to take/check an oral temperature
 Normal temperature
 Rectal, ear, or forehead: 100.4°F (38°C) or higher
 Oral: 100°F (37.8°C) or higher
 Armpit: 99°F (37.2°C) or higher

Fig 5.2 Thermometer

Medical thermometer can be inserted into the mousi, under the armpit,into the ear, rectum,or
placed on forehead.thermometer are also used in other fields,such as meteorology, scientific
research, and technology
There are several types of medical thermometer, including :-
GLASS THERMOMETER :- Contains a liquid,such as mercury or coloured alcohol,that rises and
falls in a glass tubewith a number scale.

ELECTRONIC THERMOMETER:- Use a thermoresistive device to detect temperature changes

and display the reading digitally.

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5.3 Stethoscope :-

Stetoscopes: The stethoscope is an acoustic medical device for

auscultation, or listening to the internal sounds of an animal or human body. It typically
has a small disc-shaped resonator that is placed against the chest, and two tubes
connected to earpieces. It is often used to listen to lung and heart sounds.

Fig 5.3 Stethoscope

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5.4 Blood pressure machine :-

A blood pressure machine ,also known as a sphygmomanometer, is a medical device

used to measure blood pressure.
A sphygmomanometer consists of an inflatable cuff, a measuring unit ,and a
mechanism for inflation for inflation the measuring unit can be a mercury manometer or
an aneroid gauge.
How it works:-
To measure blood pressure the cuff is wrapped around the upper arm and inflated to stop
blood flow in the artery the cuff is then slowly deflated while stethoscope is used to
listen the blood pumping through the artery.the first sound is (Systolic pressure)and
the last sound is (Diastolic pressure).

Mercury sphygmomanometer:-
These were the standard for many years,but mercury is toxic and mercury – containing
product are being phased out.

Fig 5.4 Blood pressure machine

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5.5 Pulse oxycemeter :-

Pulse oximeter is non invasive method for monitoring blood oxygen

saturation.peripheral oxygen saturation (SpO2) readings are typically within 2% accuracy
(within 4% accuracy in 95% of cases)of more accurate and invasive reading of arterial oxygen
saturation from arterial blood gas analysis.

A standard pulse oximeter passes two wavelength of light through tissueto photodetector . Taking
advantage of the pulsate flow of arterial blood,it measures the change in absorbance over the
course of cardiac cycle. Their should be unchanging absorbance due to venous
blood,skin,bone , muscle,fat and ,nail polish etc.
The two wavelength measure the quantities of bound:-

1. Oxygenated hemoglobin.

2. Non-oxygenatedhemoglobin.

Fig 5.5 pulse oxycemeter

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5.6 Sterlizers:-
Hospital sterilizers kill all forms of infectious elements including fungi, bacteria, viruses,
spores, and all other entities present on surgical tools.

Fig .5.6 sterlizer

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5.7 ECG Machine:-

An electrocardiogram (ECG or EKG) is a test to record the electrical signals in the heart.it
shows how the heart is beating.sticky patches called electrodes are placed on the chest and
sometimes on the arms or legs.wires connect the patches to computer which prints or
display results.
An electrocardiogram (ECG) machine has several parts that works together to record the
heart’s electrical activity.
• Electrodes:-small, adhesive patches that are placed on skin to detect the heart electrical
activity.
• Lead wires:- cables that connect the electrodes to the ECG machine. Each lead corresponds to

a specific view of the heart’s electrical activity.

• Amplifier:- Boosts the small electrical signals detected by the electrodes.

• Analog-to-digital converter(ADC:- Transforms the amplified and filtered electrical signals

into digital data that the ECG machine can interpret
and display.
• Display/recorder:-Presents the processed signals as a graph, either on a screen or printed
on paper.
• Filters:-Helpsto remove noise that can interfere with the ECG’s accuracy.
1. ECG Machine consists of 12 leads divided into two groups 1.Limb leads.
2.Precordial leads.

Fig 5.7 electrocardiogram

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5.8 Patient monitor:-

A patient monitor is a medical

that measures, records,and display a patient vital signs to help keep track of their
health.patient monitor can measure a variety of Vital signs, including heart rate ,blood
pressure, temperature , respiratory rate, blood oxygen saturation,etc.patient monitor
can display the data on a monitor and transmit it to a network.they can also compare
the patient’s physiological parameters to known set values and send an alarm if they
exceed thestandard.patient parameters such as heart rate, and rhythm, SpO2, blood
pressure,etc. cetera to keep a track of the patient’s health and provide them with high
quality.

Surgical instruments:-

Used that surgeons and general physician,these include scalpes, scissors, surgical
saws,and gloves.

Anaesthesia equipment:-

Used for performing anaesthesia during operation, this includes face mask,
reservoir bags , corrugated tube, anesthesia machine and silicone autoclave ambu
type bags.

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6. LIST OF HOSPITAL DEPARTMENT

1. OPD(Out patient department).
2. Emergency wards
3. General wards
4. Dressing room
5. Hospital pharmacy

APPROVALS –
• Building built under strict guidance for complete compliance of NABH,NABL and
even international approved jCI norms.
• Corporate tie up with client like,CGHS,ECHS and TPA approval.
•Tie up with insurance company under approval to give maximum advantage to the
patients.

6.1 OPD (Out Patient Department) :-

OPD means an out patient department of hospita.it is the section of the hospital where
patients are provided medical consultation and other allied services.
It has following parts and services:-
• Consultation performingThe importance of OPD is such that it is considered one of
the most valuable department of hospital.
• It provides 30-35% of hospital revenue by ways of consultation fees, diagnostic tests
etc.
• It is the point of entry for more than 50% of OPD patients.
• It is a screening point (triage) for patients according to treatment need.
• It is a reflection of popularity of hospital as more popular hospitals would have more
patients coming to OPD by choice.patient also get the first impression of the hospital
by visiting OPD.

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6.2 Emergency wards:-
An emergency department is also known as (casualty department) , emergency room,
accident and emergency department.
An emergency is a medical treatment facility specializing in emergency medicine, the
acute care of patients who present without priorappointment; either by their own
means or by that of an ambulance.
The emergency department is usually found in a hospital or other primary care centre.due
to the unplanned nature of patient attendance, the department must provide initial treatment
for a broad spectrum of illness and injuries, some of which may be life threatening and require
immediate attention. In some countries, emergency departments have become important entry
points for those without other means of access to medical care.
. The emergency departments of most hospitals operate 24 hours a day, all those staffing level
maybe Viridian attempt to reflect patient volume.
First aid:-

First aid is the assistance given to any person suffering us sudden illness or injury with
care provided to preserve life, prevent the condition from worsening and/ or promote
recovery.

Aims:-

The key aims of first aid can be summarised in three key points sometimes known as ‘the
three P’s.

Preserve life:-

The overriding aim of all medical care ,including first aid, to save life and minimize the
threat of death.

Prevent further harm:-

A also sometimes called prevent the condition from worsening,or danger of further

injuries, this covers both external factors, such as moving a patient away from any cause of

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harm, and apply first aid technique to prevent worsening of the condition such as applying
pressure to stop a bleed becoming dangerous.

Medical emergency:-
1. Altitude sickness:-
Which can begin in susceptible pupil at altitudes as low as 5,000 feet, can cause
potentially fatal welling of the brain or lungs.

2. Anaphylaxis:-

A life threatening condition in which the airway can become constricted and the patient
may go into shock. The reaction can because by a systemic allergic reaction to allergens
such as insect bites or peanuts anaphylaxis is initially treated with injection of epinephrine.

3. Bone fracture:-

A break in a bone initially treated by stabilizing the fracture with asplint.

4. Cardiac arrest:-
This will leads to death unless CPR preferably combined with an AED, is started within
minutes . there is often no time to wait for the
emergency service to arrives as 92% of people suffering a sudden cardiac arrest die before
reaching hospital according to american heart
association.

5. Chocking:-
Blockage of the airway which can quickly result in death due to lack of oxygen if the patients
tracheais not cleared, for ex. By the heimlich
Maneuver

6. Heart stroke:-
It is also known as sunstroke Or hyperthermia which tends to occur during heavy exercise in
high humidity ,or with in adequate water
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through it may occur spontaneously in some chronically ill persons.sunstroke , especially
when the victim has been unconscious, often
causes major damage to body system such as brain , kidney,liver, gastric tract .
Unconsciousness for more than 2 hours usually leads to
permanent disability.emergency treatment involves rapid cooling of the patient

7. Heavy bleeding:-
Treated by applying pressure (manually and later with a pressure bandage ) to the wound
site and elevating the limb if possible.
Hyperglycemia (diabetic coma) and hypoglycemia (insulin shock):-
8. Hypothermia,or Exposure:-
Occurs when a person core body temperature falls below 33.7 °C(92.6°F). Firstaid for
a mildy hypothermic patient includes rewarming which can be achieved by wrapping the
affected person in a blanket, and providing warm drinks ,such as soup and high energy
food such as chocolate however rewarming a severely hypothermic person could
resulting a fatal arrhythmia an irregular heart rhythm .
9. Poisoning:-
Which it can occur by injection, inhalation , absorption or ingestion.
10. Seizures :-
A malfunction in the electrical activity in the brain. There are three types of seizures
include a grand mal (which usually features convulsions as well as temporary respiratory
abnormalities change in skin complexion, etc). And petit mal (which usually features
twitching, rapid blinking and or fidgeting as well as altered consciousness and temporary
respiratory abnormalities.

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6.3 General wards:-

A General ward is a large room in a hospital where people who need medical treatment
stay in general ward.
Intravenous simple mean within vein therapies administered intravenously are often
included in the designation of speciality drug. Intravenous infusions are commonly
referred to as drips because many system administration employ to a drip, which
prevent air from entering the blood stream and allow estimation of flow rate.
Intravenous therapy may be used to correct electrolyte imbalance to deliver medication
for blood transfusion are as a fluid replacement to correct ,for example dehydration
intravenous therapy can also be used for chemotherapy.
Compare with other route of administration the intravenous route is the fastest way to
deliver fluids and medication throughout
the body. The bioavailability of the medication is 100% in IV therapy. during intravenous
therapy ,it use are as follows:-

1. Administration of drips :-
A procedure that involve delivering fluids or medication into a patients blood stream
through a catheter inserted into a vein.

2. Administration of cannula:-
Administration of cannula also known as an intravenous IV cannula is a procedure that
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involves inserting a plastic catheter into a vein to provide vascular access.
1. Poitioning :-
Have the patient sit or lie down with their arm exposed and extended by their side. the
healthcare professional performing the procedure will choose the insertion point ,which
is usually in the individual non dominant arm or hand.

2. Cleaning:-
The patients skin should be cleaned with an antiseptic or alcohol wipe.
3. Tourniquet:-
A tourniquet is applied above the desired insertion point.
4. Needle insertion:-
The canula needle is inserted into the skin at a shallow angle usually around 30 degree
,level up. the needle is advanced until blood appears in the cannula hub which is called a
“flashback “.
5. Cannula insertion:-
the needle is withdrawn and the cannula is advanced over it into the vein . A second
flashback of blood should appear in the catheter.
6. Securement:-
The cannula is secured in the place with medical tape on a bandage.
7. Flushing:-
The cannula is flushed with saline to ensure its positioned correctly.
8. Disposal:-
The needle is carefully disposed of in a sharps bin.

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6.4 Dressing room:-
A dressing room can be a room in a hospital or clinic used for dressing bounds or a
room where people may dress or change clothes. A screened area for ambulant
patients to change from street clothes into a hospital gown prior to examination or
treatment.

Dressing techniques: -
The following dressing techniques are easy to do and require no sophisticated
equipment .clean technique is usually sufficient .pain medication maybe
required as dressing changes can be painful. Gently cleans the wound at the time of
dressing change.

A . Wet-to-dry :-
Technique moisten a piece of gauge with solution and squeeze out the access fluid. the
gauge should be damp not soaking wet. open the gauge and place. it over top of the wound
to cover it you do not need many layers of wet gauge. place a dry dressing over top .dressingis
allowed to dry out and when it is removed it pulls.

B . Wet-to- wet:-
A piece of gauge with solution and just barely squeeze out the access fluid if it does not
soaked .open the gauge and place .it over the wound to cover it
place a dry dressing over top the guaze should not be allowed to dry or stick to the wound
C. Antibiotic ointment:-
Ointment is used to keep a clean wound and promote healing.apply ointment to the wound
not a thick layer,just a thin layer is enough.and cover with dry guaze .
D. When to do which dressing:-
Remember,the goal is to promote healing.we know that a moist environment facilities
healing.for a clean wound,it is best to use a wet-to –wet or ointment based dressing.for a
wound in need of debridement the wet –to –dry technique should be done until the wound
is clean and then change to different dressing regimen.

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6.5 Hospital pharmacy

A hospital pharmacy is a department within a hospital that preparers, compounds, stocks

and dispenses in patient medication.hospital pharmacies usually stock a larger range of
medication, including more specialized and investigations medications (medicine that are
being studied,but have not yet been approved), than would be feasible in the community
setting. Hospital pharmacies may also dispense over-the – counter and prescription
medications to outpatients.
Hospital pharmacies may provide a huge quantity of
medication per day which is allocated to the wards and to intensive care units according to
the patients medication schedule.larger hospital may use automated transport system to
aid in the efficient distribution of medications.
6.6 Managing pharmacy related services and logistics 24/7.
6.7 Preparing all the medications and converting doges form to
the applicable situation.
6.8 Contacting all healthcare provider for medication related
issues.
6.9 Reporting all the potential DRPs to the SFDA.
•Providing adequate statistics on medication consumptions.
6.10 Managing medication stores and planning for medication
budgets.
6.11 Prescribing medication and ensuring their safety and efficacy.
6.12 Conducting pharmacy related training for under and post
graduates.
6.13 Supervising pharmacy related research activities.

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7. Value
After 30 days of hospital training I came to learn about how to dispense medicines to the
patient ,I also learn about dealing with hospital condition like disease of patient, wards, staff
member ,and different department. And how to inject injection to them and how to handle
trauma and emergency cases.
I also had the opportunity to work in other hospital departments , where I gained valuable
knowledge. I first learn to assess the patient before prescribing the appropriate medication
in accordance with his disease.
hospital training :- It is a practical learning experience that helps student gain knowledge
about a hospital’s structure, products ,service ,and departments .it also helps to dent
understand the responsibility of top management and how to analyse the hospital
operations.

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8. CONCLUSION
The project Hospital training is the working in a hospital . the process take care of all the
requirements of an hospital and is capable to provide easy and effective storage of information
related to patients that come up to the hospital .

It generates test reports; provide prescription details including various test , diet advice , and
medicines prescribed to patient and doctor . it also provides injection details and billing facility on
the basis of patients status whether it is an indoor or outdoor patient .

The system also provides the facility of backup as per the requirement. Patients who are non
local language speaker or came from migrant population or ethnic minority groups often are not
able to communicate effectively with their clinicians to receive complete information about their
care. At the same time, clinical staff is often not able to understand the patient’s need or to elicit
other relevent information from the patient.

Professional interpreters services Should be made available. whenever necessary to ensure

good communicationbetween non local language speaker and clinical staff.

The task force brings together practitioner, managers , and community representative with specific
expertise and competence in policy relevant knowledge in the field.

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