DATOS

Tf ≔ 195 TO ≔ 15 αal ≔ 23.6 ⋅ 10 -6 Eal ≔ 70 GPa

df ≔ 60 do ≔ 25 αlat ≔ 20.9 ⋅ 10 -6 Elat ≔ 105 GPa

variación de temperatura

ΔT ≔ Tf - TO

ΔT ≔ 195 - 15 = 180

Area del aluminio

π
Aalu ≔ ―⋅ ⎛⎝df ⋅ do⎞⎠
4

π
Aalu ≔ ―⋅ ⎛⎝60 2 - 25 2 ⎞⎠ = 2336.56
4

Area del laton

π
Alat ≔ ―⋅ do
4

π
Aalu ≔ ―⋅ ⎛⎝25 2 ⎞⎠ = 490.874
4
analisis de compatibililidad

δT = δP

δT = δT (aluminio) - δT (laton)

δT = αal ⋅ δT - L - αlat ⋅ ΔT ⋅ L

δT = ΔT ⋅ L ⎛⎝αal - αlat⎞⎠

δT ≔ 180 ⋅ L ⎛⎝23.6 ⋅ 10 -6 - 29.9 ⋅ 10 -6⎞⎠

δT ≔ 4.86 ⋅ 10 -4

δP = δP (alu) + δP (lat)

PL PL
δP = ――― + ―――
Aal ⋅ Eal Ala ⋅ Elat

δP ≔ 2.55 ⋅ 10 -8

remplazamos datos

δT = δP

4.87 ⋅ 10 -4 ＝ 2.55 ⋅ 10 -8

4.87 ⋅ 10 -4 N
P ≔ ―――――
2.55 ⋅ 10 -8

P = 19098.039 N

Esfuerzo del aluminio

-P
σal ≔ ――
Aalu

-19098.039
σal ≔ ――――
2.34 ⋅ 10 -3

σal = -8.162 ⋅ 10 6 MPa

 Bronce Aluminio

Abr ≔ 2.4 in 2 Aal ≔ 2.8 in 2

Ebr ≔ 15 ⋅ 10 6 Eal ≔ 10.6 ⋅ 10 6

αbr ≔ 12 ⋅ 10 -6 αal ≔ 12.9 ⋅ 10 -6

Lbr ≔ 14 in Lal ≔ 18 in

SOLUCION

parte a)
lb
P ≔ 11 ⋅ 10 3 ―― 2
⋅ 2.8 in 2
in

P = ⎛⎝3.08 ⋅ 10 4 ⎞⎠ lb

P ⋅ Lbr P ⋅ Lal
dP ≔ ――― + ―――
Abr ⋅ Ebr Aal ⋅ Eal

kg
dP = 0.547 ―
m
dP ≔ 0.03064 in

calculamos dt

dT ≔ dP + 0.02 in

dT = 0.051 in

calculamos la temperatura parte b)

dT ≔ Lbr ⋅ αbr + Lal ⋅ αal δalu ≔ dT + dP

0.051 in = 14 in * 12x 10 -6 Δt + 18 in * 12.9x 10 -6 Δt δalu = 0.031 in

Δt ≔ 124.93

TF ≔ 200 F
TF ≔ 200 F

DATOS

ACERO LATON

Ea ≔ 200 GPa El ≔ 105 GPa

αa ≔ 11.7 ⋅ 10 6 αl ≔ 20.9 ⋅ 10 6

La ≔ 250 mm = 0.25 m Ll ≔ 300 mm = 0.3 m

ΔT ≔ 50
da ≔ 30 mm = 0.03 m dl ≔ 50 mm = 0.05 m

SOLUCION
π ⋅ ⎛⎝da⎞⎠ 2 π ⋅ ⎛⎝dl⎞⎠ 2
Aace ≔ ――― Alat ≔ ―――
4 4

Aace = ⎛⎝7.069 ⋅ 10 -4⎞⎠ m 2 Alat = 0.002 m 2

FORMULAS

δT = αΔT L

δT (acero) ≔ αa ⋅ ΔT ⋅ La

δT (acero) ≔ 11.7 ⋅ 10 -6 ⋅ 50 ⋅ 0.25 m = ⎛⎝1.463 ⋅ 10 -4⎞⎠ m

δT (laton) ≔ αl ⋅ ΔT ⋅ Ll

δT (laton) ≔ 20.9 ⋅ 10 -6 ⋅ 50 ⋅ 0.3 m = ⎛⎝3.135 ⋅ 10 -4⎞⎠ m

PL
δ = ――
AE
P⋅L P⋅L
δa ≔ ――― δl ≔ ―――
Aace ⋅ Ea Aace ⋅ Ea

0.25 0.30
δa ≔ ――――――――― δl ≔ ―――――――
⎛⎝7.069 ⋅ 10 ⎞⎠ m 2 ⋅ 200 GPa
-4 ⎛⎝0.002 m 2 ⎞⎠ ⋅ 105 GPa

1 1
δa = ⎛⎝1.768 ⋅ 10 -9⎞⎠ ― δl = ⎛⎝1.429 ⋅ 10 -9⎞⎠ ―
SE N N
 1 1
δa = ⎛⎝1.768 ⋅ 10 -9⎞⎠ ― δl = ⎛⎝1.429 ⋅ 10 -9⎞⎠ ―
SE N N

δT ≔ δP
1 1
δT. ≔ ⎛⎝1.463 ⋅ 10 -4⎞⎠ m + ⎛⎝3.135 ⋅ 10 -4⎞⎠ m ＝ δP. ≔ ⎛⎝1.768 ⋅ 10 -9⎞⎠ ―+ ⎛⎝1.429 ⋅ 10 -9⎞⎠ ―
N N
1
δT. = ⎛⎝4.598 ⋅ 10 -4⎞⎠ m ＝ δP. = ⎛⎝3.197 ⋅ 10 ⎞⎠ ―
-9

⎛⎝4.598 ⋅ 10 -4⎞⎠
P ≔ ――――――
⎛⎝3.197 ⋅ 10 -9⎞⎠ ― 1
N

P = ⎛⎝1.438 ⋅ 10 5 ⎞⎠ N
 DATOS

E ≔ 45 GPa P ≔ 0.35

σX ≔ -180 MPa

SOLUCION

determine a) la magnitud de σy para la cual el cambio en la altura del bloque será cero

Sy ≔ 0 Ey ≔ 0 Gz ≔ 0
1
Ey = ―⋅ ⎛⎝Gx - vGy - vGz⎞⎠
E
Gy = vGx = ((0.35)) ⋅ ((-180)) = -63

1
Ez = ―⋅ ⎛⎝Gz - vGx - vGy⎞⎠
E
-v ((0.35)) ⋅ ((-243))
Gz = ―― ⎛⎝Gx + Gy⎞⎠ = ――――― = -1.89
E 45

1
Ex = ―⋅ ⎛⎝Gx - vGy - vGz⎞⎠
E
Gx - vGy -157.95
Gz = ―――= ―――= -3.51
E 45

b) el cambio correspondiente en el área de la cara ABCD

Αo = Lx Lz

Α = Lx ⎛⎝l + Ey⎞⎠ Lz ⎛⎝l + Ez⎞⎠ = Lx Lz ⎛⎝l + Ey + Ez + ExEz⎞⎠

ΔΑ = Α - Ao = Lx Lz ⎛⎝l + Ey + Ez + ExEz⎞⎠ ⋅ LxLz ⎛⎝Ex + Ez⎞⎠

ΔA ≔ ((100 mm )) ((25 mm )) ((-3.51 - 1.89)) = -13500 mm 2

c) el cambio correspondiente en el volumen del bloque.

Vo = LxLyLz

V = Lx ⎛⎝l + Ex⎞⎠ Ly ⎛⎝l + Ey⎞⎠ Lz ⎛⎝l + Ez⎞⎠

V = LxLyLz ⎛⎝l + Ex + Ey + Ez + ExEy + EyEz + EzEx + ExEyEz⎞⎠

ΔV = V - Vo = LxLyLz ⎛⎝Ex + Ey + Ez⎞⎠

ΔV ≔ ((100 mm )) ((40 mm )) ((25 mm )) ((-3.51 + 0 - 1.89)) = -540000 mm 3

ΔV = -540000 mm 3