Quiz 1 on microtechniques

1.A female patient aged 47 years old has night cough; the doctor wants her to do plain X-ray. She
was found to have unilateral pleural effusion- massive fluid in pleura-. In order to diagnose the
cause :

What is the most suitable histological technique to examine the effusion?

A. Freezing technique

B. Paraffin technique

C. Celloidin technique

D. Aspirated cytology

E. Exfoliated cytology

2.The pleural effusion in the previous case was malignant in origin. A biopsy from pleura was taken
and on staining the slide with H&E and examining the nearby normal cells, the section showed
basophilic and acidophilic structure.

Which of the following is basophilic?

A. Cytoplasm

B. Golgi apparatus

C. Cell membrane

D. Nuclei

E. Secretory granules

3.To diagnose precisely the type of the tumor in the previous case and in order to design the
chemotherapy plan the doctor decided to further stain slides with another technique to know the
origin of the tumor.

What is the most suitable histological technique to examine the slides?

A. Immunohistochemistry

B. Paraffin technique

C. Celloidin technique

D. Aspirated cytology

E. Exfoliated cytology

4.Which of the following is a benefit of freezing technique?

A. Gives a thin section.

B. Needs formaldehyde
C. Storable.

D. Surgical diagnosis.

E. Used in teaching.

5. In paraffin technique we put the specimen in ascending grades of alcohol.

Why did we need such a process?

A. To rehydrate the tissue

B. To dehydrate the tissue

C. To prevent autolysis

D. To mix well with wax

E. To clear the tissue.

Quiz 2 ( the cell part 1)

1.A 44-year-old women with high blood cholesterol levels (230 mg/dL) has exposed to ultrasound as
checkup procedure. Her liver showed nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) which is a disorder
characterized by excessive accumulation of lipids in hepatocytes. Which of the following is the most
likely organelle responsible of her condition?

(A) Golgi complex

(B) RER

(C) Mitochondria

(D) SER

(E) Centriole

2.A 15 years old female patient complaining a combination of progressive external ophthalmoplegia
and weakness of the limbs induced or increased by exertion she was diagnosed as myopathy. Which
of the following is the most likely organelle responsible of her condition?

(A) Golgi complex

(B) RER

(C) Mitochondria

(D) SER

(E) Centriole
3. A 30-year-old man with very high blood cholesterol levels (290 mg/dL) has been diagnosed with
premature atherosclerosis. His father died of a heart attack at age 45, and his mother, aged 44, has
coronary artery disease. Which of the following is the most likely explanation of his condition?

(A) He has a lysosomal storage disease and

cannot digest cholesterol.

(B) He has a peroxisomal disorder and produces

low levels of hydrogen peroxide.

(C) The SER in his hepatocytes has proliferated

and produced excessive amounts of

cholesterol.

(D) He has a genetic disorder and synthesizes

defective LDL receptors.

(E) He is unable to manufacture endosomes.

4.The cell membrane is formed of phospholipid bilayers.

What is the function of the cell membrane phospholipids?

(A) Decrease the cell membrane fluidity

(B) Stabilize the cell membrane

(C) Forms pumps

(D) Acts as a barrier

(E) Forms receptors and channels

5.You are assigned to examine the plasma cells-which are cells with high protein synthesis activity-
by the TEM.

Which organelle of the following is found to be the most prominent to modify the protein secretion
of such cell?

(A) Golgi complex

(B) RER
(C) Mitochondria

(D) SER

(E) Centriole.

Quiz 3 ( the cell part 2)

1. A tissue section from a tumor has been immunochemically stained for the intermediate filament
protein glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP). which of the following is the origin of such tumor?

(A) Neuroglia cells

(B) Chondrocytes

(C) Neurons

(D) Endothelial cells

(E) Fibroblasts

2.A 66 years old male patient suffering resting tremor and rigidity. Along with non-motor symptoms
such as anosmia, constipation and sleep disturbances. He was diagnosed as Parkinson’s Disease (PD).
Recent researches suspect changes in synaptic vesicles transport as a mechanism of such disease.

Which of the following cytoskeletal components is associated with kinesin?

(A) Keratin

(B) Lamin A

(C) Microfilament

(D) Microtubule

(E) Neurofilament

3. Which of the following has a rigid wall composed of 13 protofilament strands?

(A) Keratin

(B) Lamin A

(C) Microfilament
(D) Microtubule

(E) Neurofilament

4. A patient is diagnosed with a pleomorphic adenoma of the submandibular gland. The pathologist
uses anti-vimentin antibodies with immunocytochemistry to stain the biopsy tissue. One would
expect to find vimentin staining in which of the following structures?

a. Fibrous stromal connective tissue

b. Parasympathetic ganglia

c. Serous acini

d. Mucous acini

e. Striated ducts

5. A 55-year-old male alcoholic presents with symptoms of liver disease and is found to have mildly
elevated liver enzymes. A liver biopsy examined with a routine hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) stain
reveals abnormal clear spaces in the cytoplasm of most of the hepatocytes. Which of the following
materials is most likely forming these cytoplasmic spaces?

a. Calcium

b. Choelstrerol

c. Hemosiderin

d. Lipofuscin

e. Triglyceride

Quiz 4 (The nucleus & cell cycle)

1. A female child at puberty is determined to have Turner syndrome. Although the parents have
been informed of the clinical significance, they have asked for an explanation of what happened.
Which of the following is most likely to be the cause of such case?

(A) Trisomy of chromosome 21

(B) Loss of an autosome during mitosis

(C) Loss of the Y chromosome during meiosis

(D) Nondisjunction of the X chromosome

(E) Loss of the X chromosome

2. What is the structure that controls Movement of proteins in and out of the nucleus?

(A) Nuclear pore complex

(B) Nucleolus

(C) Heterochromatin

(D) Outer nuclear membrane

(E) Euchromatin

3. Which of the following represents -clumps of nucleoprotein concentrated near the periphery of
the nucleus-?

(A) nuclear pore complex.

(B) nucleolus.

(C) heterochromatin.

(D) outer nuclear membrane.

(E) euchromatin.

4. Cytochalasin is an actin binding drug that can interfere with the polymerization of microfilaments.

Which of the following processes are likely to be inhibited by such a drug?

A. Attachment of the chromosomes to microtubules.

B. Cytokinesis.

C. Duplication of the chromosomes.

D. Disassembly of nuclear membrane.

E. Separation of the sister chromatids.

5. A mitotic inhibitor is used in the treatment of lung carcinoma to promote the assembly and
stabilization of microtubule formation. Which of the following components is most likely targeted by
this inhibitor?

A. Actin

B. Ankyrin

C. Kinesin
D. Elastin

E. Tubulin

6. A 54-year-old male with a past medical history of mild retardation, major depression, alcohol
abuse, and deep venous thrombosis was admitted with pancytopenia and fever of unknown origin.
Physical examination at admission revealed a female pattern of hair distribution, gynecomastia, and
atrophic testes. Bone marrow aspiration and biopsy established a diagnosis of acute myeloid
leukemia, and cytogenetic analysis of the marrow cells revealed a 47,XXY karyotype. Which of the
following is the most likely explanation for this patient’s karyotype?

A. Leukemia

B. Mosaicism

C. Nondisjunction

D. Recombination

E. Translocation

Quiz on lecture 5 homeostasis

1.Homeostasis needs:

A. Normal function of platelets

B. Clotting factors

C. Vasoconstriction

D. All body systems

E. Normal blood vessels

2.In homeostasis, the correction of any change in extracellular tissue occurs by:

A. Positive feedback loop

B. Negative feedback loop

C. Positive turned to negative feedback

D. Negative turned to positive feedback

E. Magnification of the changes.

3.During exercise, the function of all body systems becomes:

A. Better

B. Disrupted
C. As in resting condition

D. Better in some cases

E. Better cardiovascular and respiration function.

4.An engineer’s diagram showing how constant room temperature can be maintained constant is an
example of:

A. Positive feedback loop

B. Negative feedback loop

C. Positive turned to negative feedback

D. Negative turned to positive feedback

E. Magnification of changes occur.

5.A 25-year-old man plays in a football match for 3 hours and sweats a large amount of water, then
urine formation decreases.

Which types of feed back loop was excite :

A. Positive feedback loop

B. Negative feedback loop

C. Positive converted to negative feedback

D. Negative converted to positive feedback

E. Exaggerate water loss from the body.

6.A 3-month-old male infant was exposed to high temperature which raised his body temperature.
His mother tried to cool him using a wet cloth but his temperature remained high. The mother
rushed to the hospital to save him where he received IV fluid and a drug to decrease his body
temperature. The doctor explained to her that the baby needed medical help because he must not
be exposed to high temperatures (failure of homeostasis). Why the baby had failure of homeostasis?

A. He is young

B. He is a male

C. He was not exposed to hot weather before

D. His mother did not care about him

E. The temperature was very high

7. A 25-year-old female was cutting some vegetables, and the knife injured her thumb. After 3
minutes the bleeding stopped with formation of platelets plug.

What is the effect of homeostatic mechanism?

A. Positive feedback loop

B. Negative feedback loop

C. Negative converted to positive feedback loop

D. Positive converted to negative feed back loop.

E. No effect occur. .

Quiz on lecture 6 (cell transport)

The cell membrane antiport pump:

A. Doesn’t need ATP

B. Transports one ion

C. Transports 2 ions in the same direction

D. Transports 2 ions in opposite directions

E. Depend on voltage-gated channels.

2.A 12-year-old girl who likes sciences and has a small lab in her house. She always likes to repeat
the experiments she does in school in her house lab. In one of her experiments, she puts a blood
drop in NaCl solution and takes a sample from this mixture to observe under the microscope. RBCs
appear as a biconcave disc.

What is the type of solution ?

A. Hypertonic

B. Hypotonic

C. Isotonic

D. Contains a lot of NaCl

E. Contains a little amount of NaCl.

3.Mary is a 10-year-old girl who was absent from more than 25% of her classes so her school
prevented her from sitting her exams. Her mother showed up to school providing a doctor report
stating she had cystic fibrosis. What is the cause of this condition?

A. She is shorter than normal

B. She has recurrent chest infections

C. She hasn’t Cl- pump in the plasma membrane

D. She has a defect in the cell membrane Cl- channels

E. She has defect in Na channels in cell membrane.

Quiz on Lecture 7 & 8 (resting membrane potential & action potential)

1. A change in a membrane potential from -70 mV to -60 mV is an example of:

A. Depolarization

B. Hyperpolarization

C. Polarization

D. Repolarization

E. After polarization.

2.The falling phase of action potential is due to:

A. Ca2+ influx

B. K+ efflux

C. K+ influx

D. Na+ influx

E. Na efflux.

3.Depolarization phase of action potential is caused by:

A. Activation of voltage-gated Na+ channels

B. Activation of ligand-gated Na+ channels

C. Activation of voltage-gated K+ channels

D. Activation of ligand-gated K+ channels

E. Activation of voltage -gated Ca channels.

4. The following about action potential is true :

A. It is faster in unmyelinated nerves.

B. It is a local response

C. Doesn’t need ATP.

D. It needs adequate stimulus to occur

E. Depend on ligand-gated channels.

5.The resting membrane potential of a typical neuron is about:

A. -70 mV

B. +60 mV

C. -100 mV

D. +30 Mv
E. – 50

6.During the resting membrane potential, the inside of a neuron is:

A. Negative relative to outside

B. Positive relative to outside

C. Equal in potential with outside

D. Higher than the potential of outside

E. Showing accumulation of positive charges.

7.Action potential state results from:

A. Depolarization

B. Hyperpolarization

C. Polarization

D. Zero potential

E. Depolarization followed by repolarization.

8. A 25-year-old female in biology laboratory was measuring resting membrane potential(RMP)

of a frog nerve ,the RMP was -70 .She added NaCl to the solution. Then she measured the RMP again
.

What the value of the new recorded RMP?

A. -70

B. -100

C. -60

D. -120

E. +120

9.A 20-year-old male lives in Tanta. He went to Cairo for work and he felt hungry, so he went to a
Japanese restaurant and ordered sushi. After a while he felt severe weakness in all his muscle and
started feeling a difficulty in breathing. He went to the hospital and was diagnosed with food
poisoning. The toxin was tetrodotoxin (TTX).
Which types of channels were affected?

A. Voltage –gated Na channels .

B. Voltage- gated K channels.

C. Voltage- gated Ca channels.

D. Voltage- gated Cl channels.

E. Voltage –gated Mg channels.

10.A pharmacist works in a drug factory and was exposed to a large dose of a certain toxin that
blocks voltage gated K+ channels. He suffered from shortness of breath due to weakness of
respiratory muscles. This weakness can be explained by action potentials delivered to respiratory
muscles.

What is the effect of this toxin on the action potential?

A. Higher in amplitude

B. Slower in frequency

C. Faster in frequency

D. Lower in amplitude

E. Has short refractory period.

Quiz on Lecture 9 (The stem cells)

1. Which of the following resultants best describes asymmetric division of stem cells?

A. One stem cell and one progenitor cell

B. One stem cell and one specialized cell

C. One stem cell and one embryonic cell

D. One stem cells; one rounded and one spindle.

E. Two stem cells; one small and one large

2. Which of the following is a pluripotent stem cell?

A. Adult stem cell

B. Basal cells of epidermis

C. Embryonic stem cell

D. Hematopoietic stem cell

E. Mesenchymal stem cell

3. A baby boy with a rare disease has been admitted to the hospital for a stem cell transplant, with
his mother as the donor. On examining the stem cells of the mother under the microscope, which of
the following structures is most abundant?

A. Lysosomes

B. Microvilli

C. Polyribosomes

D. Smooth endoplasmic reticulum

E. Golgi apparatus

4. A baby boy with a rare disease has been admitted to the hospital for a stem cell transplant, with
his mother as the donor. Which of the following statements best describes a stem cell?

A. It is a cell that fights against infections.

B. It is a highly specialized cell

C. It is a cell that can produce all cell types of the body

D. It is a cell that can make copies of itself

E. It is a cell that undergoes meiotic division.

5. Hematopoietic stem cells are used nowadays in many centers to improve many diseases including
immunodeficiency, cerebral palsy and autism. The number of cases treated with these cells
increases overtime. What can we call the stem cell ability to differentiate into specialized cells?

A. Cell growth.

B. Cloning.

C. Potency.

D. Proliferation.

E. Self renewal.

Quiz on Lecture 10 (The epithelium)

1.Researchers at MIT and Harvard have identified specific types of cells that appear to be targets of
the coronavirus that is causing the Covid-19 pandemic. They found subsets of cells in the lung, the
nasal passages, and the intestine that express RNAs for two proteins that SARS-CoV-2 uses to infect
cells. In the intestine, these cells called absorptive enterocytes.

Which of the following epithelium is the cell type of enterocyte?

(A) Simple cuboidal

(B) Stratified columnar

(C) Stratified squamous

(D) Simple columnar

(E) Transitional

2.Recently, numerous reports have been published suggesting that changes in gap junction
distribution, density, and properties may be involved in the initiation and persistence of various
cardiac arrhythmias (abnormalities in cardiac rhythm).

Which one of the following statements about the gap junction is true?

(A) It extends as a zone around the apical

perimeter of adjacent cells.

(B) It possesses dense plaques composed in

part of desmoplakins.

(C) It permits the passage of ions from one cell

to an adjacent cell.

(D) Its adhesion is dependent upon calcium

ions.

(E) It possesses transmembrane linker

glycoproteins.

3. Which one of the following statements about epithelia is true?

(A) They are polarized.

(B) They are vascular.

(C) They are completely surrounded by a basal

lamina.

(D) They contain wide intercellular spaces.

(E) They are not part of the wall of blood

vessels.

4. Which one of the following statements about cilia is true?

(A) They possess a 9 + 0 configuration of

microtubules.

(B) They do not contain an axoneme.

(C) They contain ciliary dynein arms.

(D) They are nearly identical to centrioles.

(E) They play a major function in absorption.

5. Which one of the following is a hereditary disease that may be associated with infertility?

(A) Adenocarcinoma

(B) Bullous pemphigoid

(C) Carcinoma

(D) Edema

(E) Immotile cilia syndrome

6. During a routine physical examination, a 71-year-old man is found to have a 7-cm pulsatile mass
deep in the abdomen, between the xiphoid and the umbilicus. He has a history of untreated
hypertension. The endothelial lining of the affected structure is composed of which of the following
tissue types?

A. Pseudostratified epithelium

B. Simple columnar epithelium

C. Simple cuboidal epithelium

D. simple squamous epithelium

E. Stratified squamous epithelium

Quiz on Lecture 11 (The connective tissue)

. 1. Which one of the following statements regarding proteoglycans is true?

(A) They consist of a core of fibrous protein covalently bound to glycoproteins.

(B) They are attached to ribonucleic acid.

(C) They are binding sites for deoxyribonucleic acid.

(D) They are composed of a protein core to which glycosaminoglycans are attached.

(E) They are the exclusive substance of the ECM along with collagen.

2. Which one of the following statements concerning loose connective tissue is true?

(A) It is less abundant than dense connective tissue.

(B) It has a lower proportion of cells to fibers than does dense connective tissue.

(C) It acts as a medium for exchange of nutrients and wastes between the blood and tissues.

(D) It provides structural support for organs.

(E) It consists of many fibers in which various types of cells are embedded.

3.A 33 years old homeless woman has been living in an abandoned building eating dried bread. She
smokes cigarettes “bummed “ from others. She has an infected toe, which is broken. She is afebrile
and the urine dipstick shows no sugar, proteins or ketones. You suggested a vitamin deficiency and
She is diagnosed to have Scurvy. What might be the underlying mechanism of this patient’s
symptoms?

A. Decreased degradation of collagen.

B. Stimulation of propyl hydroxylase.

C. Formation of unstable collagen helices.

D. Excessive callus formation of healing fractures.

E. Organ fibrosis.

4. A pathologist is looking at a histological section of aorta stained to demonstrate the many wavy
fibers that provide the aorta with the flexibility to stretch and then return to its original shape. These
fibers are also found in substantial numbers in which of the following sites?

A. biceps muscle.

B. liver.

C. mesentery.

D. spleen.

E. ligamentum nuchae.

5. A histologist wants to study lysosomes. what cell would be best for his study?

A. Fibroblasts

B. Macrophage

C. Mast cells.

D. Plasma cell.

E. Pigment cell
Quiz on Lecture 12 (The cartilage)

1. Synovial fluids of normal joints are usually devoid of collagen. Patients with rheumatoid diseases
have various types of collagen in their synovial fluid, depending on the tissue being damaged. If a
patient has type II collagen in the synovial joint, which of the following tissues is being eroded?

(A) Vascular endothelium

(B) Compact bone .

(C) Vascular smooth muscle.

(D) Articular cartilage

(E) Synovial membrane

2. What is the source of the mesenchymal progenitor cells activated for the repair of hyaline
cartilage of accident-damaged costal cartilages?

A. Adjacent loose connective tissue

B. Chondrocytes of the injured cartilage

C. Near by bony tissue.

D. Perichondrium

E. Stem cells circulating with blood

3. A 66-year-old man who suffered from severe osteoarthritis is referred to an orthopedic surgeon
for replacement of his right knee. With the patient’s permission the removed joint is used by
investigators performing an analysis of different joint tissues. The meniscus was found to contain
almost exclusively type I collagen and aggrecan was undetectable. What is the most likely
explanation for this result?

A. Elastic cartilage is normally replaced by fibrocartilage during aging and this process can be
accelerated by exercise.

B. The chondrocytes of the meniscus switched from expression of genes for type II collagen to type I
collagen.

C. The meniscus normally consists of fibrocartilage, which contains only type I collagen.

D. The meniscus had been replaced by loose connective

E. The meniscus consists of hyaline cartilage and surrounded by thick perichondrium

4. The parents of a 3-year-old boy complain that their child has a high fever, sore throat, and hoarse
voice. On physical examination, the child’s epiglottis appears swollen and erythematous. The boy is
diagnosed with acute bacterial epiglottitis. In considering this case, you recall that the epiglottis at
the entrance to the larynx is composed primarily of which of the following types of connective
tissue?
A. Dense, regular connective tissue

B. Elastic cartilage

C. Fibrocartilage

D. Hyaline cartilage

E. Loose connective tissue.

5. A 65-year-old man complains of increasing hip morning stiffness and dull pain in his lower back
and left hip. This started 10 years ago, and he takes occasional ibuprofen to relieve it. He is a
marathon runner, but the pain is starting to decrease his activities. The pain is typically exacerbated
by activity and relieved by rest. The physician told him that this is a “wear-and-tear” injury and
diagnosed his case as osteoarthritis.

In this connection, articular cartilage acts as an excellent shock absorber and provides resilience
against load. This critical biomechanical function is attributed chiefly to which of the following
components of cartilage?

a) Intracellular glycogen

b) Intracellular water

c) Membrane glycoproteins

d) Extracellular calcium phosphate

e) Extracellular hydration.

Quiz on Lecture 13 (The bone)

1. In the diaphysis of a typical long bone which of the following is In closest proximity to the
trabeculae of cancellous bone?

A. Interstitial lamellae

B. Osteons

C. Sharpey fibers

D. Outer circumferential lamellae.

E. Inner circumferential lamellae.

2. Which statement of the following best describes the endosteum?

A. Composed of two layers, osteogenic & fibrous.

B. Continuous with the joint capsule.

C. Attached to the bone by Sharpey fibers.

D. Lines the medullary cavity.

E. Contains mature osteocytes

3. In healthy bone canaliculi are likely to contain which one of the following?

A. Capillaries.

B. Nerve axons.

C. Osteocyte processes.

D. Osteoid.

E. Osteoclasts in lacunae.

4. Which component of bone impedes the distribution of nutrients & oxygen to osteocytes?

A. Extracellular matrix.

B. Canaliculi.

C. Periosteum.

D. Cell processes.

E. Haversian canals.

5. A 55-year-old woman presents with pain in her right hip and thigh. The pain started approximately
6 months ago and is a deep ache that worsens when she stands or walks. Your examination reveals
increased warmth over the right thigh. The only laboratory abnormalities are alkaline phosphatase
656 IU/L (normal 23–110 IU/L), elevated 24-hour urine hydroxyproline, and osteocalcin 13 ng/mL
(normal 6 ng/mL). X-ray of hips and pelvis shows bone erosions and regions with excessive bone
formation. Bone scan shows significant uptake in the right proximal femur. Which of the following
cells are involved in bone erosions and bone formation?

a. fibroblasts & osteogenic cells.

b. Osteoblasts & osteogenic cells.

c. Osteoblasts & chondroblasts.

d. Osteoclasts & osteogenic cells.

e. osteoclasts & osteoblasts.

Written formative exam for TSE (10-1-2021)

Question : 1 A 12-year-old girl likes sciences and has a small lab in her house. She always likes to
repeat the experiments she does

in school in her house lab. In one of her experiments, she puts a blood drop in NaCl solution and
takes a sample from this mixture

to observe under the microscope, RBCs appear crenated. What is the type of solution ?

a) Hypertonic
b) Hypotonic
c) Isotonic
d) Contains a lot of NaCl
e) Contain o.6 Nacl+ACU-.

Question : 2 A 16-year-old girl is seen for her annual health checkup. Measurements taken in the oce
indicate that the patient

has grown 15 cm over the past year. Which of the following cells in epiphyseal growth plates was
chiefly responsible for the

a) longitudinal growth of long bones in this patient?

b) Chondrocytes in the hypertrophy zone of the growth plate
c) Chondrocytes in the proliferation zone of the growth plate
d) Chondrocytes in the resting zone of the growth plate
e) Osteoblasts in the ossiffcation zone
f) osteoblasts in the periosteum.

Question : 3 A 16-year-old track and 􀃕eld athlete asks for advice on protecting her knee joints from
+IBw-wear-and-tear+IB0-

injury. In this connection, articular cartilage acts as an excellent shock absorber and provides
resilience against load. This critical

biomechanical function is attributed chiefly to which of the following components of cartilage?

a) Extracellular calcium phosphate

b) Extracellular water
c) Intracellular water
d) Intracellular glycogen
e) Membrane glycoproteins.

Question : 4

A 2-week-old baby is hospitalized for inadequate feeding and poor growth. The parents are
concerned by thechild+IBk-s weak cry. An experienced grandmother accompanies them, saying she
thought the cry sounded like a cat+IBk-s meow.The grandmother also states that the baby
doesn+IBk-t look much like either parent. The physician suggested a genetic disorder.What is the
suitable technique to conform the condition?

a) Complete blood count

 b) Immunohisochemisty
c) Karyotyping
d) Radiography
e) Ultrasound.

Question : 5

A 2-year-old girl with itchy skin and respiratory distress is brought to the emergency room by her
parents 30+AKA-minutes after eating peanut butter cookies. On physical examination, the patient
shows flushing and swelling of her lips andeyelids. Hives are present over her face and arms. Vital
signs are blood pressure 90/40 mm Hg and pulse 100 per minute. Which ofthe following is a
histologic characteristic of the inflammatory cell primarily responsible for the development of
increased vascularpermeability in this patient with a severe peanut allergy?

a) Bilobed nucleus.
b) Metachromatic staining of the granules.
c) Multisegmented nucleus.
d) Negative Golgi image.
e) Plenty of lysosomes.

Question : 6

A 27-year-old male presents to the doctor with complaints of +ACI-heartburn+ACI- and painful, sour-
tasting acid reflux that has not been alleviated by over-the-counter medications. An endoscopic
exam is performed and a biopsy of the distal esophagus is taken. Microscopic examination of the
tissue shows normal tissue without pathologic changes. What type of mucosais normal for the distal
esophagus?

a) Ciliated, columnar epithelium

b) Keratinized, stratified, squamous epithelium
c) Non-ciliated, columnar epithelium
d) Non-keratinized, simple, squamous epithelium
e) Non-keratinized, stratified, squamous epithelium

Question : 7

A girl aged 15 years old formed multiple piercings in her ears involving the cartilage of her ear pinna.
After a while shefelt severe pain in her right ear, and her doctor told her that the cartilage of her
right ear got infected. Although she took thenecessary treatment, the condition got worse resulting
in deformity and disfigurement of her right ear. Infections in hyalinecartilage typically destroy the
cartilage due to which of the following reasons?

a) cartilage is relatively avascular

b) cartilage contains aggrecan.
c) cartilage contains chondroitin sulfate
d) cartilage is not innervated
e) cartilage contains collagen type II

Question : 8
A mitotic inhibitor is used in the treatment of lung carcinoma to inhibit the assembly and
polymerization ofmicrotubule formation. Which of the following components is most likely targeted
by this inhibitor?

a) Actin
b) Ankyrin
c) Kinesin
d) Myosin
e) Tubulin.

Question : 9

A patient has repeated fractures. Although the bone mass seems to be increased, the primary defect
is due to anincrease in bone resorption and bone erosions with attempts to form bone and fill the
erosions. Which of the following cells areinvolved in the pathogenesis of this disease?

a) Osteoclasts and osteoblasts

b) Osteoclasts and osteocytes.
c) Osteocytes and osteoblasts.
d) Osteocytes and chondrocytes.
e) Osteogenic cells +ACY- osteocytes.

Question : 10

A young girl is on the ward with a history of long bone fractures resulting from only minor injuries.
Her scleraeappears blue, her skin is hyperextensible and she has di􀃕culty in hearing. She is
diagnosed to have a defect in her collagen fibers.What is the type of collagen predominantly present
in the matrix of bone?

a) Type I
b) Type II
c) Type III
d) Type IV
e) Type V

Question : 11

As regard homeostasis:

a) It is relative constancy of the internal environment

b) It needs some body systems to work .
c) It is unlimited and can protect the body from any danger
d) It is not affected by age .
e) It is not affected by exercise .

Question : 12

As regard Na+- ions:

a) It is responsible for repolarization

b) It is responsible for RMP
c) Its concentration is the same in plasma and interstitial fluid
d) Its concentration is the same in plasma and transcellular fluid
e) It is the main ion of intracellular fluid.
/

Question : 13

As regard Nernst equilibrium potential:

a) RMP is established by selective permeability of cell membrane to Na ions.

b) At equilibrium potential, little movement of ions occur .
c) At equilibrium, there is imbalance between electrical and chemical gradient
d) It states that EK+AD0- +-60 mV.
e) RMP is mainly related to selective permeability to K ions

Question : 14

Blockage of voltage gated K channels:

a) Can occur by Tetraethylammonium.

b) Can occur by tetradotoxin.
c) No action potential can elicited .
d) Shorten the repolarization phase .
e) Shorten the depolarization phase.

Question : 15

Hematopoietic stem cells are used nowadays in many centers to improve many diseases
includingimmunodefciency, cerebral palsy and autism. The number of cases treated with these cells
increases overtime. What can we callthe stem cell ability to differentiate into specialized cells?

a) Cell growth.
b) Cloning.
c) Potency.
d) Proliferation.
e) Self renewal.

Question : 16

In the current time, New parents can bank their baby's umbilical cord blood, just in case the child
needs stem cells.What are the least invasive ethical source of stem cells from the human body?

a) Adipose tissue.
b) Bone marrow
c) Embryonic.
d) Fetal.
e) Peripheral blood

Question : 17

Increase Ca ions concentration in ECF (hypercalcemia ):

a) Decrease excitability by decrease Na influx.

b) Decrease excitability by increase Na influx.
c) Increase excitability by decrease K influx.
d) Decrease excitability by increase K influx.
e) Increase excitability by increase K eflux.
/

Question : 18

Mary is a 10-year-old girl who was absent from more than 25+ACU- of her classes so her school
prevented her fromsitting her exams. Her mother showed up to school providing a doctor report
stating she had cystic fibrosis. What is the cause ofcystic fibrosis?

a) She is shorter than normal

b) She has recurrent chest infections
c) She has the Cl- pump missing from the plasma membrane
d) She has a defect in the cell membrane Cl- channels
e) She has the Na pump missing from the plasma membrane.

Question : 19

Recently, numerous reports have been published suggesting that changes in gap junction
distribution, density, andproperties may be involved in the initiation and persistence of various
cardiac arrhythmias (abnormalities in cardiac rhythm).Which one of the following statements about
the gap junction is true?

a) It extends as a zone around the apical perimeter of adjacent cells.

b) It possesses dense plaques composed in part of desmoplakins.
c) It permits the passage of ions from one cell to an adjacent cell.
d) Its adhesion is dependent upon calcium ions.
e) It possesses transmembrane linker glycoproteins.

Question : 20

Researchers at MIT and Harvard have identified specific types of cells that appear to be targets of
the coronavirusthat is causing the Covid-19 pandemic. They found subsets of cells in the lung, the
nasal passages, and the intestine that expressRNAs for two proteins that SARS-CoV-2 uses to infect
cells. In the intestine, these cells called absorptive enterocytes. Which of thefollowing epithelium is
the cell type of enterocyte?

a) Simple cuboidal
b) Stratified columnar
c) Stratified squamous
d) Simple columnar
e) Transitional

Quiz 1

Question : 1

A male aged 50 years is having a tumor. The surgeon decided to do a surgery for the patient to cut
the tumor.During the operation the surgeon wants to know the extent of the tumor, so he invited a
histopathologist totake a sample to diagnose the condition and determine how to proceed in the
operation. what technique thehistopathologist used for quick diagnosis of the condition?

a) paraffin technique
b) Celloidin technique
c) Freezing technique
d) Exfoliative cytology
Question : 2

After the operation and excision of the tumor, the histopathologist put the mass in a fixative and
dicided toperform paraffin technique for further studying of the tumor. Why he put the tumor in a
fixative?

a) To prevent autolysis
b) To dehydrated the tissue
c) To clear the tissue
d) To make it miscible with paraffin

Question : 3

A patient aged 45 went to the doctor complaining of weight loss and coughing of blood. He was
found to bea smoker, and he was rapidly losing weight. The doctor found that the patient is
continuously coughingduring the examination and the cough is productive (give sputum). the doctor
found him highly suspicious ofhaving bronchogenic carcinoma (lung cancer). His doctor wants to do
a histological technique to detect theabnormal cell in sputum. What is the most suitable histological
technique to examine the sputum?

a) Paraffin technique
b) Freezing technique
c) Aspirative cytology
d) Exfoliative cytology

Question : 4

Which stain of the following is the most commonly used?

a) H and E stain
b) Azan
c) Alcian blue staining
d) Sudan III staining

Question : 5

Whenever we stain paraffin section with hematoxylin and eosin, the nuclei appear blue. This
happens due to:

a) Eosin binds to lipids

b) Hematoxylin binds to nucleic acids
c) Eosin binds to nucleic acids
d) Hematoxylin binds to lipids

Quiz 2
Question : 1
A male patient was diagnosed with terminal renal failure, kidney transplantation
is the finalclinical opinion. Kidney biopsies were taken from the patient and the
suspected donor.
Which one of the following component of cell membrane must be matched in
both paentand chosen donor?

a) Lipid and carbohydrate

b) Protein and lipids

c) Protein and carbohdrates

d) Carbohydrates and lipids

e) Phospholipids and cholesterol

Question : 2
Large fluids droplets could be taken by the cell through which process of the following

a) Diffusion

b) Pinocytosis

c) Exocytosis

d) Phagocytosis

e) Facilitated diffusion

Question : 3
The function of proteins in cell memberane is cellular

a) Transport

b) Growth

c) Respiration

d) Barrier

e) Movement

Question : 4
In cells with high energy requirements which organelle of the following is found by EM to be the
mostnumerous

a) Mitochondria

b) SER

c) RER

d) Lysosomes
 e) Ribosomes

Question : 5
A paent aged 25 years old was injured in an accident and a􀅌er a while the
wound healedwith scar ssue. A researcher was examining the scar ssue and
he found plenty offibroblasts. Fibroblasts are the cells that secrete proteins
of the scar ssue. To secreteproteins, fibroblasts were found to have plenty of
which of the following organelles?

a) Mitochondria

b) SER

c) RER

d) Lysosomes

e) Peroxisomes

Quiz 3

Question : 1
A 75 year old presented to the clinic with her daughter. Her daughter said that her mother lost her
way andcould not return home. Also, she does not remember recent events. The doctor told her
that this is Alzheimerdisease due to accumulation of misfolded proteins. which of the following
organelles are defective

a) Endosomes

b) Lysosomes

c) Peroxisomes

d) Proteasomes

Question : 2
A 60 year old woman presented with a tumor in the anterior abdominal wall. A biopsy was taken
to know theorigin of the tumor. Which of the following should be examined.

a) Actin filaments

b) Microtubules

c) Intermediate filaments

d) Coated vesicles

Question : 3
Centrioles are formed of which of the following formulas of microtubules

a) 9 x 3 + 2

b) 9 x 3

c) 9 x 2

d) 9 x 2 + 2

Question : 4
Microtubules are chractarized by which of the following

a) Have a wall formed of 9 protofilaments

b) Share in the formation of microvilli

c) Are polymerized from tubulin protein

d) Are formed of actin filaments

Question : 5
The inclusion containing stored carbohydrates is

a) Glucose

b) Fructose

c) Glycogen

d) Iron

Quiz 4 part 1

Question : 1
What is the name of the condensed chromatin clumps inside the nucleus

a) Euchromatin

b) True chromatin

c) Heterochromatin

d) Active chromatin

e) Extended chromatin

Question : 2
The outer nuclear membrane is connuous with which organelle of the
following?
 a) RER

b) SER

c) Plasma membrane

d) Golgi complex

e) Peroxisome

Question : 3
On studying the nucleus, a researcher used immunohistochemistry to
demonstrate theintermediate filaments supporng the outer nuclear
membrane. He is supposed to usewhich immuno-histochemical stain of the
following?

a) Anti vimentin

b) Anti lamins

c) Anti Desmin

d) Anti Actin

e) Anti GFAP

Question : 4
Which one of the following is a feature of the nucleolus?

a) It is surrounded by membrane

b) It is apparent in inacve cells

c) It is apparent in inacve cells

d) It is only one in each nucleus

e) It contains nucleolar organizer genes

Question : 5
The structural unit of chroman is

a) DNA

b) Histone protein

c) Non histone proteins

d) Nucleosomes

e) The chromosome

Quiz 4 part 2

Question : 1
DNA is duplicated in the cell cycle during which phase of the following?

a) G2

b) S

c) M

d) G1

Question : 2
Cleavage furrow occurred during......

a) Diakinesis

b) S phase

c) G1 phase

d) Cytokinesis

Question : 3
which structure of the following is observable during interphase?

a) Kinetochore

b) Mitoc spindles

c) Chromosomes

d) Nuclear memberane

Question : 4
which of the following cells is arrested permanently at G0?
 a) Liver

b) Nerve

c) Intestinal

d) Skin

Question : 5
A male child at puberty is determined to have Klinefelter syndrome. Although the parents have
been informed of the clinical significance, they have asked for an explanaon of what happened.
Idenfy the item that should be discussed with the parents.

a) Trisomy of chromosome 21

b) Loss of the Y chromosome during meiosis

c) Loss of the X chromosome

d) Nondisjunction of the X chromosome

Phisyology (Quiz 1):

1. A 25-year-old female was in labor and she felt severe pain because of uterine contraction.
The pain increased with time. On arrival to the hospital the baby was already born, and
the uterine contractions and pain stopped.
The type of feedback loop during labor is:
a) Positive feedback loop
b) Negative feedback loop
c) Negative converted to positive feedback loop
d) Both B & C

2. An 18-year-old young man has been playing football for 3 years. He played a match last
Friday. During the match his heart rate reached 130 beat per minute and the respiratory
rate 20 cycle per minute. Ten minutes after the match, his heart rate and respiratory rate
returned to normal values.
a) During the match, he had:
b) Good homeostatic mechanisms
c) Disrupted homeostatic mechanisms
d) Negative feedback loop
e) Bot A & C

3. Mr. Hassan was injured, and as blood poured out of the injured tissue, his blood pressure
dropped. His heart then pumped faster to restore normal pressure.
What effect would this response have on Mr. Hassan’s homeostasis?
a) Positive feedback loop
b) Negative feedback loop
c) Negative converted to positive feedback loop
d) No effect

4. Which of the following is an example of a positive feedback loop?

 a) Maintaining a constant body temperature
b) Contractions of the uterus during childbirth
c) Maintaining a constant volume of water in the body
d) Both a and c 18

5. Which of the following is an example of a negative feedback loop?

a) Maintaining a constant body temperature
b) Contractions of the uterus during childbirth
c) Maintaining a constant volume of water in the body
d) Both a and c

Quiz 2:

1. A 30-year-old male lives in Cairo, and his family live in country side. One day he went to
visit them . After two days he developed severe watery diarrhea and loss of appetite, and
he suffered from dry mouth and blurring of vision. When he went to the clinic, the doctor
diagnosed the condition as Cholera and gave him IV fluid and medication.
What is the cause of watery diarrhea?
a) Chloride leakage from intestinal wall
b) Sodium leakage from intestinal wall
c) Water follows chloride by osmosis
d) A+C

2. A ten-year-old girl suffers from recurrent lung infection. On examination, the doctor
found that she is underweight and haven’t developed normally. She is diagnosed with
cystic fibrosis (CF).
Which ion pump is missing?
a) Chloride on pump
b) Calcium ion pump
c) Sodium ion pump
d) Potassium ion pump

3. A 15-year-old boy is interested in biology especially the practical part. One day he was
asked to put a drop of blood in hypertonic saline solution (10% NaCl) and examine red
blood cells under the microscope.
He found the RBCs:
a) Normal shaped
b) Swollen
c) Lysed
d) Crenated

4. Active transport needs:

a) ATP (adenosine triphosphate)
b) Concentration gradient
c) A carrier
d) A&C

5. The transport of water from low solutes concentration to high solutes concentration is
considered:
a) Simple diffusion
b) Filtration
c) Osmosis
 d) Active transport

Quiz RMP
Question : 1
A 25-year-old female in biology laboratory was measuring resng membrane potenal(RMP) of a frog nerve ,the
RMP was -70.She added NaCl to the soluon, the RMP calculated was:

a) -70

b) -100

c) -60

d) -120

Question : 2
Regarding RMP of nerve fiber

a) It always around 45 mV

b) Is the potential difference between the inside and outside of the resting memberane

c) Is due to presence of negative charges on the outer surface of the membrane in relation to
inside

d) Include all the change in membrane potential during propagation of nerve impulse

Question : 3
If the RMP of a nerve fall (Become less negative) there is a net

a) Gain of Na into the cell

b) Gain of K into the cell

c) Loss of protein ions from the cell

d) Loss of Cl ions from the cell

Question : 4
Regarding the RMP all are true EXCEPT:

a) the selecve permeability of the membrane is responsible for the

polarize state.

b) Na-K pump is responsible for pumping Na inside the nerve

membrane

c) Na-K pump need energy from ATP.

 d) Na-K pump keeps the normal distribuon of ions.

Question : 5
Increase K in soluon around the nerve lead to:

a) Depolarization

b) Hyperpolarization
c) Repolarization

d) No change in polarity

Question : 6
Regarding the action potential in nerve membrane all are true Except

a) It is all or none in character

b) A threshold stimulus is required for its initiation

c) The current is spread slow in myelinated nerve

d) It has a refractory period

Question : 7
The first step in nerve impulse initaition is

a) Decrease Na permeability

b) Membrane depolarization

c) Increase K permeability

d) Membrane hyperpolarization

Quiz 9

Which of the following best describes a stem cell

Select one:
a.
b. It is highly specialized cell
c. It is a cell that can produce all cell types of the body Incorrect
d. It is a cell that can make copies of itself
e. It is a cell that fights against infections
 Question2

Which of the following structures is most abundant in stem cells

Select one:
a. Lysosomes
b. Polyribosomes
c. Microvilli
d. Smooth endoplasmic reticulum

Question3

Which of the following is a pluripotent stem cell

Select one:
a. Emryonic stem cell
b. Hematopoietic stem cell
c. Adult stem cell
d. Mesynchymal stem cell

Question4

Which of the following resultants best describes asymmetric division of stem cells

Select one:
a. One stem cell and one progenitor cell
b. One stem cell and one embryonic
c. One stem cell and one specialized cell
d. Two stem cells, one small and one large

Question 5

The ability of stem cells to differentiate into specialized cells is known as

Select one:
a. Cell growth
b. Potency
c. Cloning
d. Self renewel
Quiz 10 :
Question : 1
Which one of the following statements about stratified squamous epithelium is true
a) The surface layer of cells is always keratinized
b) The cells in its most superficial layer are flattened
c) Its basal cells rest on an elastic lamina
d) Its cells lack desmosomes
e) It lines the ducts of sweat glands

Question : 2
Which one of the following statements about the desmosome is true
a) It is sometimes called a nexus
b) It permits the passage of large proteins from one cell to an adjacent cell
c) It has a plaque made up of many connexons
d) It facilitates metabolic coupling between adjacent cells
e) It is a disk shaped adhesion site between epithelial cells

Question : 3
A medical student who has chronic lower respiratory infections seeks the advice of an ear,nose,
and throat specialist. A biopsy of the student's respiratory epithelium reveals alterationsin certain
epithelial structures. This patient is most likely to have abnormal
a) microvilli
b) Desmosomes
c) Cilia
d) Hemidesmosomes
e) Basal plasmalemma infoldings

Question : 4
Which one of the following statements about glands is true
a) Exocrine glands lack ducts
b) Simple glands have ducts that branch
c) Endocrine glands secrete into ducts
d) Serous secretions are watery
e) Holocrine glands release their contents by exocytosis

Question : 5
Which of the following is a condition affecting the epidermis of the skin in which blisters do not
form
a) Adenocarcinoma
b) Bullous pemphigoid
c) Carcinoma
d) First degree burn
e) Immotile cilia syndrome

Quiz 11:

Question : 1 Which one of the following statements regarding collagen is true

a) It is composed of tropocollagen

b) Reticular fibers are composed of type II collagen

 c) It is synthesized mostly by mast cells

d) Elastic fibers are composed of type IV collagen

Question : 2

Dense regular connective tissue is present in

a) Capsules of organs

b) Basement memberane

c) Tendons

d) Dermis

Question : 3

Which one of the following cell type found in connective tissue is most often present along
capillaries and resembels fibroblasts

a) Plasma cell

b) Macrophage

c) Mast cell

d) Pericyte

Question : 4

Foreign body giant cells are formed by the union of

a) Macrophages

b) Lymphocytes

c) Adipose cells

d) Plasm cells

Question : 5

Which one of the following cell types in the connective tissue arises from myeloid stem cells

a) Pericytes

b) Eosinophils

c) Fibroblasts

d) Adipocytes
QUIZ 12:

Question : 1

Oxygen and nutrient from perichondral blood vessels reach the chondrocytes via

a) Canaliculi

b) Capillaries

c) Sharpey s fibers

d) Diffusion

Question : 2

The type of collagen present in the matrix of hyaline cartilage

a) Type I collagen

b) Type II colagen

c) Type III collagen

d) Type IV collagen

Question : 3

Concerning white fibro cartilage, which statement is true

a) Contains type I collagen

b) Present in the costal cartilage

c) Covered by perichondrium

d) Has no blood vessels (avascular)

Question : 4

Concerning the articular cartilage, which statement is true

a) It is covered by perichondrium

b) Get its nutrition from blood vessels

c) It is elastic cartilage

d) It can degenerate leading to osteoarthritis

Question : 5

In which type of cartilage elastic fibers are found in its matrix

a) Costal cartilage

Ear pinna

b) Intervertebral disc

c) Articular cartilage

QUIZ 13:
Question : 1
Osteoclasts
a) Are small immotile cells
b) Have deep basophilic cytoplasm
c) Are present in lacunae inside bone matrix
d) Have multiple nuclei
Question : 2
Bony canaliculi are defined as
a) Connection between Haversian canals
b) Cytoplasmic extensions from osteoblasts
c) Bony trabeculae
d) Channel like structure containing the processes of osteocytes
Question : 3
The outer circumferetial lamellae are present
a) Around endosteum
b) Between Haversian systems
c) Around the Haversian canal
d) Under periosteum
Question : 4
The following are characteristics of immature bone EXCEPT
a) Large number of osteocytes
b) Low mineral contents
c) Irregular arrangement of collagen fibers
d) Minute contents of proteoglycans
Question : 5
Cancellous bone
a) Its bone lamellae are regularly arranged
b) Contains Haversian systems
 c) Bone marrow spaces are lined by osteoclasts only
d) Is formed of bone trabeculae and bone marrow spaces

FORMATIVE ASSESSMENT 1 QUESTIONS:

1. During an operation the doctor wants to take a biopsy from a tumor

for rapid diagnosis of its type. What technique will be used for quick
diagnosis of the condition?

a. Immunohistochemistry
b. Paraffin technique
c. Freezing technique
d. Celloidin technique
e. Exfoliative cytology

2. A male patient has severe cough; the doctor wants to do a

histological technique to detect the abnormal cells in sputum. What is
the most suitable histological technique to examine the sputum?

a. Freezing technique
b. Aspirated cytology
c. celloidin technique
d. Paraffin technique
e. Exfoliated cytology

3.Whenever we stain paraffin sections with hematoxylin and eosin,

the nuclei appear blue. This happens due to ....

a. Hematoxylin binds to nucleic acids

b. Eosin binds to nucleic acids
c. Eosin binds to lipids
d. Nuclei are basic so attach to the base
e. Hematoxylin binds to lipids

4.After taking a small sample from the patient we put it in a fixative

(formaldehyde). Why we used the fixative?
a. To make the tissue transparent
b. To make the tissue transparent
c. To kill bacteria to prevent putrefaction
d. To remove water from the tissue
e. To remove water from the tissue

FORMATIVE ASSESSMENT 2 QUESTIONS

1. A 10 month old infant is having developmental delay and the

parents report mild abnormality when the body is attempting to move.
A muscle biobsy shows atrophied muscles, also tests reveal a
deficiency in oxidation enzymes required for energy production.

what is the affected organelle

a. Mitochondria
b. Peroxisomes
c. Lysosomes
d. SER
e. RER

2. Pregnant women at the end 8th month of pregnancy. Her doctor

decided to deliver her by cesarean operation. Few days after delivery,
the newborn baby developed yellow coloration of his skin. The cause
of jaundice is due to immature development of which organelle of the
following

a. Peroxisomes
b. Proteosomes
c. Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
d. Golgi complex
e. Lysosomes

3. The function of the RER is

a. Formation of lipid
b. Formation of proteins
c. Autophagy
d. Conjugation of bilirubin
e. Detoxification of drugs

FORMATIVE ASSESSMENT 3 QUESTIONS

1.Microtubules make which structure of the following?

a. Microvilli
b. Intermediate filaments
c. actin filaments.
d. actin filaments.
e. Kino cili
2. A male patient came to the clinic with his wife and was
investigating infertility. On examination he was found to have chest
infection. Examining the semen the sperm motility was reduced. He
was diagnosed to have Kartagnar syndrome which affects the cilia of
the respiratory system and interrupt sperm motility.

What is the protein affecting cilia movement and its absence led to
this condition?

a. Myosin
b. Motilin
c. Dynein
d. Kinesin
e. Vimentin

3. A 23-year-old man had a liver biopsy which revealed inclusions of

misfolded (misfolded) protein. The abundance of these abnormal
proteins has apparently escaped normal degradation pathways. Which
of the following organelles are responsible for degrading misfolded
proteins within cells?
a. Lysosomes
b. Proteasomes
c. Plasma membrane
d. Mitochondria
e. Peroxisomes

FORMATIVE ASSESSMENT 4 QUESTIONS

1. A 2-week-old baby is hospitalized for inadequate feeding and poor

growth. The parents are concerned by the child weak cry. An
experienced grandmother accompanies them, saying she thought the
cry sounded like a cat meow. The grandmother also states that the
baby doesn’t look much like his parents. The physician suggested a
genetic disorder. Which of the following techniques is most likely
used for diagnosis?
a. Complete blood count.
b. Radiography
c. Karyotyping
d. Immunohistochemistry

2. A child aged 2 years old came to the clinic with her mother
complaining that she looks old. On examination, the child has been
lacking subcutaneous fat, she also has loss of hair, swollen veins and
growth retardation. Measuring bone density, she has decreased bone
mass (osteoporosis), and has heart pathology. She was diagnosed as
progeria (premature aging in children) and the pathology was due to
defect in Lamin. What is lamin?

a. On phosphorylation, it leads to assembly of the nuclear envelope.

b. it is a type of thin micro-filament.
c. It attaches the chromatin to the nuclear membrane.
d. It is a protein supporting the outer nuclear membrane._

3. During what stage of mitosis does the chromatin condense into

chromosomes?

a. Prophase
b. Interphase
c. Telophase
d. Metaphase
FORMATIVE ASSESSMENT 5 :

1. Exercise has the following advantage:

a. good positive feedback loop.
b. rapid return to normal homeostasis after exercise.
c. maintained homeostasis during exercise.
d. disturbed homeostasis during exercise.

2. After labour the feed back loop is

Select one:
a. positve feed back loop.
b. negative turned positive loop.
c. positve suddenly stopped.
d. negative feed back loop
FORMATIVE ASSESSMENT 6:

1. A ten-year-old girl suffers from recurrent lung infection. On examination, the doctor
found that she is underweight and haven+IBk-t developed normally. She is diagnosed
with cystic fibrosis (CF).. Which ion pump is missing?

Select one:
a) . Sodium ion pump
b) . Calcium ion pump
c) . Potassium ion pump
d) . Chloride Ion pump

2. A 30-year-old male lives in Cairo, and his family live in countryside. One day he went to
visit them. After two days he developed severe watery diarrhea and loss of appetite, and
he suffered from dry mouth and blurring of vision. When he went to the clinic, the doctor
diagnosed the condition as Cholera and gave him IV fluid and medication. What is the
cause of watery diarrhea?
Select one:
a. Water follows chloride by osmosis
b. Sodium leakage from intestinal wall
c. Sodium leakage from intestinal wall
d. Chloride leakage from intestinal wall

3. A 15-year-old boy is interested in biology especially the practical part. One day he was
asked to put a drop of blood in hypertonic saline solution (10+ACU- NaCl) and examine
red blood cells under the microscope. He found the RBCs:

Select one:
a. Lysed
b. Crenated
c. Swollen
d. Normal shaped
FORMATIVE ASSESSMENT 7:

1. What is the type of epithelial tissue that protects the body from invasion by
microorganisms ?

Select one:
a. Simple columnar
b. Pseudostratified
c. Stratified squamous
d. Simple squamous
e. Stratified transitional

2. Which epithelial tissue forms tubules or other groupings for secretory activity?

Select one:
a. Stratified transitional
b. Pseudostratified
c. Simple squamous
d. Stratified squamous
e. Cuboidal

3. Faye was brought to the health clinic by her grand-daughter. Faye sustained a burn on her
right foot from burning trash. The area is blistered, swollen, hot and tender to the touch.
The area surrounding the burn has an increased redness.

What type of tissue do you suspect Faye has injured?

Select one:
a. Stratified transitional
b. Keratinized stratified squamous
c. Cuboidal
d. Pseudostratified
e. Simple squamous

THE END