REVIEWER IN PEH 3

Brief History and Nature of Dance 7. Relationships – The proximity or interaction of the dancer with other people,
 Dance is a form of human movement that involves the combination of physical objects, or space.
motion and artistic expression. It allows for personal and cultural storytelling, 8. Weight – Refers to the dancer's relationship to gravity; how heavy or light the
movement feels.
while also engaging the body in various patterns, energies, and rhythms.
9. Quality – The flow of energy in movement, which can be smooth, sharp, fluid, or
 Dance, an art of body movement, is integral to human expression and culture. abrupt.
As Barbara Mettler describes, it serves multiple purposes—recreation, 10. Speed – The rate at which movements occur; can be slow, fast, or change
entertainment, education, therapy, and religious expression. Unlike athletic (accelerate or decelerate).
activities, dance focuses on aesthetic and emotional experiences. 11. Genre - A category of artistic composition defined by similarities in form, style, or
Prehistoric and Early Civilizations: subject matter.
In prehistoric times, dance was often performed to appease natural forces or gain 12. Style - A distinctive way of performing or presenting something.
power. It was during the pre-Christian era, particularly in ancient Mediterranean and 13. Ballroom - A collection of partner dances, enjoyed both socially and
Middle Eastern civilizations, that dance became more formalized. In Egypt, dance was competitively worldwide.
richly depicted in their art, including wall paintings and hieroglyphs. 14. Ballet - A formal dance style with precise steps and gestures, typically
performed to music.
Greek Influence:
15. Folkdance - Traditional dance passed down within a culture or community.
The ancient Greeks highly valued dance, using it in military training, entertainment, 16. Hip-hop - A dance style originating from Black and Hispanic communities in the
and as an educational tool. Philosophers like Plato, Aristotle, and Socrates saw dance U.S., often set to rap and electronic music.
as an integration of body and soul. 17. Lyrical - A dance style blending elements of ballet, jazz, acrobatics, and modern
Roman Decline of Dance: dance.
As Rome grew more powerful, the art of dance became less significant, often 18. Contemporary - A dance form influenced by jazz music, emerging from Black
brutalized and performed by slaves for entertainment. Dance was eventually American culture in the early 20th century.
condemned by early Christians due to its association with Roman excesses. 19. Modern - A free, expressive dance style developed in the early 20th century as
Medieval Period: a reaction to classical ballet.
During the Dark and Early Middle Ages, despite the Church's disapproval, performers Dance Genres and Their Characteristics
like singers, dancers, and musicians continued to entertain the public in village Ballet
squares. These performances evolved into social dancing, which became popular  Features tutus, pointe shoes, and men in tights.
among the common people and later adopted by the nobility as court dances.  Known as the most difficult genre, serving as a foundational style for dance
Renaissance and Beyond: training.
In the Renaissance, creative expression flourished, and entertainers became valued in  Performed to orchestrated music, often the first dance experience for children.
the courts of Italy and France. Court dances, particularly ballet, rose to prominence in  Requires progression from ballet shoes to pointe shoes around age 12 with
the 15th and 16th centuries. From ballet, contemporary dance forms evolved, and teacher approval.
various dance styles spread across the globe, enriching the diversity of dance as an  Combines technique, coordination, and musicality.
art form. Tap
Benefits of Dance  Described as "musical feet," using the feet as percussive instruments.
Physical Benefits
 Dancers wear tap shoes with metal plates for sound.
 Improves cardiovascular and muscular endurance.
 Includes various styles, notably Rhythm Tap (musically driven) and Broadway
 Enhances coordination, balance, flexibility, and body composition. Tap (movement-oriented).
 Lowers the risk of cardiovascular diseases and body mass index (BMI).  Fosters rhythm, turning dancers’ feet into instruments.
 Reduces resting heart rate and improves lipid metabolism. Jazz
 Increases joint mobility and maintains bone density, helping prevent  The most popular dance style, combining elements from various dance forms.
osteoporosis.  High-energy and often accompanied by upbeat, popular music.
 Aids in recovering coordination and neuromuscular skills after injury.  Dancers wear leather split-sole jazz shoes for flexibility.
Mental/Emotional Benefits
 Known for dramatic themes and dynamic choreography.
 Sharpens the brain and decreases the risk of dementia and Alzheimer's disease. Modern
 Reduces depressive symptoms and enhances self-esteem and body image.  Developed as a rebellion against classical ballet.
 Helps release emotional and physical tension.  Focuses on the dancer's relationship with the floor, incorporating contractions
Reasons People Dance and release.
 To please gods (spiritual/ritual).  Offers a variety of shoe options for foot protection and freedom.
 To please others (performance).  Shares complexity with ballet in technique, coordination, and musicality.
 For self-expression and enjoyment. Lyrical
 To build social connections and community interaction.  Merges elements of ballet, jazz, and modern dance.
Elements of Dance  Emphasizes conveying feelings and emotions through movement.
To create expressive and meaningful dance, the choreographer makes decisions
 Set to popular songs with deeper emotional themes.
about movement based on three core elements: Space, Energy, and Time. These
elements shape the look, flow, and timing of dance, allowing for creative and unique  Lyrical shoes provide protection while allowing dancers to connect with the floor.
movements. Hip-hop
1. Space involves the overall design of movement, including where it occurs and  An edgy, raw urban dance style, also known as Street Dance.
its size and shape  Originates from popping, locking, and crumping, typically danced to rap and hip-
 Size: Movements can range from small to large (e.g., tiny steps or large lunges). hop music.
 Level: Movements can occur at different heights, from high to low (e.g., arms  Dancers often wear funky, high-top sneakers.
reaching up or down).  Freestyle in nature, allowing for personal expression and innovation.
 Shape: The body creates different forms in space (e.g., curved or straight). Contemporary
 Direction: The body moves in different directions, such as forward, backward, or  Combines elements of ballet, modern, jazz, and lyrical dance.
sideways.  Uses ballet techniques as fundamentals but breaks away from strict rules.
 Pathway: The path a body follows while moving through space (e.g., straight,  Includes categories like Contemporary Ballet and Contemporary Jazz.
zigzag, or circular).  Can be danced to various music styles and often features non-traditional
 Relationships: Proximity to others or objects, exploring closeness or distance. costumes.
2. Energy (Force) refers to the flow and intensity of motion, shaping the Ballroom
expressiveness of movement.  A partner dance characterized by step-patterns and rhythmic movement.
 Force: The energy behind movement can be strong or light (e.g., a punch vs. a  Consists of two styles: Smooth (Standard) and Rhythm (Latin).
floating motion).  Smooth focuses on elegance and fluidity, while Rhythm emphasizes energy and
 Weight: Movements can feel heavy or light based on their relationship to gravity. flair.
 Quality: The texture or flow of energy in motion (e.g., smooth, sharp, swinging).  Includes various dances such as Foxtrot, Waltz, Tango, and more.
 Stillness: The absence of motion, which can be either active (filled with energy) Folkdance
or passive (fully relaxed).  The oldest form of dance rooted in traditional activities of a culture.
3. Time refers to the speed and rhythm of movement.  Evolves naturally and spontaneously, reflecting everyday life.
 Speed: The rate of movement (e.g., slow, fast, acceleration, or deceleration). Cultural Dance
 Rhythm: The underlying pattern that organizes movement and gives it structure,  Unique to cultures around the world, these folk dances represent historical
similar to music. practices.
Vocabulary List  Symbolizes the importance of expression through dance, offering a beautiful
1. Force – The use of energy while moving. experience of cultural heritage.
2. Space – The area covered by dance movements, including aspects like shape,
level, direction, and pathways.
o Shape – The design of the body in space.
o Level – The distance from the floor (low, middle, high).
o Direction – Forward, backward, sideways, up, down.
o Pathway – Patterns the body makes as it moves through space or on the floor.
3. Time – The speed or tempo of the movement, whether fast or slow, and the
rhythm or duration of the motion.
o Rhythm – The underlying pattern that gives order to music and dance.
o Tempo – How fast or slow movements occur.
4. Locomotor Movements – Movements that involve traveling from one point to
another, such as walking, running, skipping, hopping, jumping, sliding, leaping,
and galloping.
5. Non-Locomotor Movements – Movements that occur in place, such as
bending, stretching, twisting, and swinging.
6. Size – The range of shapes and movements, from small to big.