Module 5 Assignment - Analysis & Reflection Essays #5

3. What is Durkheim's theory of deviance, crime, punishment, and the moral order of society?
Durkheim’s theory of deviance is that it is an essential part of all societies. He believes
that it plays an important role in being able to reinforce order by playing a crucial role in being
able to tell which behavior is allowed and which behavior is not. His idea of deviance suggests
that being deviant is necessary in communities because it puts up a challenge to their current
norms and values and shows that there is a need for changes and adjustments to moral
boundaries. In his eyes, this process is what helps keep society balanced but also leaves room to
be able to adapt.
Crime in Durkheim’s eyes seemed to be inevitable. If there was a punishment for the
people who committed a crime, it would resolve their commitment to the values and norms
which would increase solidarity. He believed that there could be no society that can be exempt
from crime but a society that manages crime to make sure it keeps from preventing it reaching
levels that could jeopardize social stability.
Durkheim looked at punishment not so much as a method to try and stop crime from
happening but more so as a way to strengthen rules and unity. His theory was that when
punishment is distributed, it is not only on the offender but affects society as well. He feels that
there should be more focus on restoring measures rather than focusing on the crimes.
His theories show a lot of insights into all the intricacies of social order, the roles that crime and
punishment play and the inevitability of deviance. Overall, he theorizes that crime should serve a
function in reinforcing social stability and norms, and by understanding deviance and
punishment through his views, you would see that they are not always disruptive but more a
component that keeps society stable.

6. Discuss Weber's theory of stratification (class, status, and power)? How does it differ from
Marx's theory of class (alienated labor)?
Max Weber's theory of stratification is divided into three main ideas: class, status, and
power. This theory of stratification looks more into the layers of society compared to Karl Marx's
view, which mainly focuses on economic class conflicts. Weber's theory is different because it
shows that social differences are not just about money but also about social status and political
power.
Weber breaks down stratification into class, status, and power. According to him, class is
defined by one's position in the economy which may affect the opportunities that a person may
get such as how much money they can earn and what they can buy. He believes that classes can
change over time and there's a chance for movement in between the classes. Marx's idea is
different because he views class as who owns the means of production and who doesn't.
Status according to Weber is about the kind of respect a person gets whether it be from
their nationality, race, job, or education level. This idea sheds light on being able to understand
inequality by showing that people's standing in society is more than just how much money a
person makes but how they are viewed by society.
Power in Weber's eyes is being capable of making others do what you want regardless of
what they want. This can vary in things such as administration, politics or even society. Marx's
idea of power is that it only comes from economic control while Weber believes it can come
from different places such as being in a political party.
Overall, Marx's theory is mostly about how the economy is shaped by society and how he
believed that the economy affects everything in society, like politics and laws, and that the
struggles between the different social classes can cause changes in society. Weber often looked at
all the different ways people could be divided and how it would affect them.
Works Cited
Luna, A. (2024, May). Theory Durkheim. Lecture, Sacramento State.
Luna, A. (2024, May). Theory Weber. Lecture, Sacramento State.
Luna, A. (2024, May). Theory Weber 2. Lecture, Sacramento State.

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3. What is Durkheim's theory of deviance, crime, punishment, and the moral order of society?

Durkheim’s theory of deviance is that it is an essential part of all societies. He believes

levels that could jeopardize social stability.

component that keeps society stable.

Marx's theory of class (alienated labor)?

person makes but how they are viewed by society.

from different places such as being in a political party.

Luna, A. (2024, May). Theory Durkheim. Lecture, Sacramento State.

Luna, A. (2024, May). Theory Weber. Lecture, Sacramento State.

Luna, A. (2024, May). Theory Weber 2. Lecture, Sacramento State.

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