21ST CENTURY

LITERATURE
FROM THE
PHILIPPINES
AND THE WORLD
Quarter 1 |
LESSON 4 |
 CONVENTIONAL
literature that is commercially available
through normal distribution channels.

21ST CENTURY
UNLOCKING contemporary times/current century in the Anno
IDEAS Domini era or Common Era, under the Gregorian
calendar.

LITERARY GENRES
category of literature
CONVENTIONAL
AND 21ST
CENTURY
GENRES
21st Century Literary Genres
Lesson 4
 21ST CENTURY LITERATURE
• New literary work created last decade
• written by contemporary authors that deals with current
themes/issues and reflects a technological culture
• often breaks traditional writing rules

21ST CENTURY READER

• grew up using technology as a primary learning tool.
• capable of navigating and interpreting digital formats and
media messages.
• posses literary
LETS GET skills which include technological abilities
STARTED
(keyboarding, internet navigation, interpretation of
technological speak, ability to communicate and interpret
coded language and decipher graphics
 WHAT’S NEW!
What are the four conventional literary
genres have you found in the puzzle?
 POETRY  FICTION
 DRAMA  NON-FCITION
What are their unique features?
 POETRY - imaginative awareness of
experience expressed through meaning, sound
 FICTION – created from the imagination, not presented as
and rhythmic language choices to evoke
fact in story telling (e.g. novel, short story, novella)
emotional response employing meter and
 NON-FICTION - based on facts and the author’s opinion
rhyme.
about a subject with the intention to inform and persuade
 DRAMA - prose / verse presenting in dialogue
(e.g. biographies, articles from textbooks, magazines and
or pantomime a story acted on a stage
newspapers)
 CONVENTIONAL LITERARY
GENRES
POETRY FICTION
> Imaginative awareness of experience > created from the imagination, not
> expressed through meaning, sound, and rhythmic presented as fact, and may be based on
language choices to evoke an emotional response. story/situation.
> employ meter and rhyme > Types: Novel, short story, and novella.

DRAMA NON-FICTION
> composition in prose/verse presenting a story in
a dialogue/pantomime. > based on facts and the author's opinion
about a subject
> involves conflict and more contrast of characters
> Purpose: inform and persuade
> intended to be acted on stage
> Examples: biographies, articles from
> situation/series of events having vivid,
textbooks, and magazines and newspapers.
emotional, conflicting/striking interest
21ST CENTURY
LITERATURE
GENRES
Different Types
Examples
 FORMS OF 21ST
01
GENRE FICTION
fiction stories ; plot-driven works that allow the
readers to escape from reality.
CENTURY
Chick Literature LITERATURE
02 NEW AND EMERGING LITERARY GENRES
works written by authors that deviate from traditional
writing methods.
Flash Fiction, Six-Word Flash Fiction, Science Fiction, Creative Non-Fiction,

03
ELECTRONIC LITERATURE
literary works that maximize the features and explore the
contexts of personal andnetwork computers.
Digi-Fiction, Text-Talk Novel, Blog, Hyper Poetry

04
GRAPHIC LITERATURE
sequential storytelling
Illustrated Novels, Graphic Novels, Manga, Doddle Fiction
 ILLUSTRATED NOVEL
CHARACTERISTICS:
• Extended narrative with multiple images
together with the text to produce meaning.
• Story through text and illustrated images
• 50% of the narrative presented without
words
• Reader: must interpret the images to
comprehend the story completely.
• Textual portions are presented in
traditional form
• Some illustrated novels may contain no text
at all
• Span all genres
 ILLUSTRATED NOVELS
EXAMPLES:
• THE INVENTION OF HUGO BARET
> by Brian Selznick
• THE ARRIVAL
> by Shaun Tan
 DIGI-FICTION
CHARACTERISTICS:
• Triple Media Literature
• Combines three (3) media:
⚬ Book
⚬ Movie/Video
⚬ Internet Website
HOW TO UNDERSTAND THE STORY?
• Students must engage in: (in all three forms)
⚬ Navigation (INTERNET WEBSITE)
⚬ Reading (BOOK)
⚬ Viewing (MOVIE/VIDEO)
 DIGI -FICTION
EXAMPLES:
• SKELETON CREEK
> by Patrick Carman
• LEVEL 26
> by Anthony Zuiker
 GRAPHIC NOVEL
CHARACTERISTICS:
• Narrative in comic book formats
• employed in a broad manner, encompassing
non-fiction works and thematically linked
short stories and fictional stories across a
number of genres.
• DIRECTION IN READING: Left to Right
GRAPHIC NOVEL VS. COMIC
• Longer • shorter
• More complex piece • tells the story
of text that usually over many issues
covers the storyline and/or volumes
in one book
 ELEMENTS OF GRAPHIC NOVEL
PANELS segment of comic containing both image and text

FRAMES border that surrounds and contains the panel

GUTTER the space that lies between panels

BLEED when an image goes beyond the borders of the page

the heaviness or intensity of a line or block of shading for

GRAPHIC visual focus.
WEIGHT Bolder the graphic weight : Greater the visual focus,
> making element more noticeable in the scene.
CAPTION - a box or section of text that gives details on the
background and setting of the scene.
- sits separately to speech and thought bubbles
- Location: often the top or bottom of the panel.
SPEECH contains the dialogue spoken by different characters within a
BUBBLE scene.
- enclosed in a bubble/another shape
 ELEMENTS OF GRAPHIC NOVEL
THOUGHT - contains the internal dialogue of a character
BUBBLE - usually shaped like a cloud coming from the
character’s head
SPECIAL - words that give a sense of sound on the page (e.g.
EFFECTS BANG! THUMP!).
SOUNDS - To heighten their impact, the words are either
bolded or have a special graphical treatment to
make it stand out on the page.
LAYOUT configuration/outline of all the elements on the page
- the way in which the frame, panels, speech bubbles,
etc. are arranged to tell the narrative

CLOSEUP an angle that zooms into an image, like a character’s

face, to allow for closer view.
- employed to convey a feeling of intimacy between
the reader and character (such as when a character
reveals their thoughts or revelations).
 TYPES OF BUBBLES
Normal Normal
Thoughts
Speech
Speech Vertical Bubble

Scream Electric
Bubble Whisper
Devices Bubble

Weakness
Caption Extended
Speech
ELEMENTS Caption
 MANGA
CHARACTERISTICS:
• The Japanese word for comics
• Originally published in Japan
• Considered as an artistic and storytelling
style
• America-manga : comics created by
American artist in manga
style.
TYPES OF MANGA:
• SHONEN : Boys Manga [Naruto, Bleach, One Piece]
• SHOGO : Girl's Manga [Sailormoon]
• SEINEN : Men's Manga [Akira]
• JOSEI : Women's Manga [Loveless, Paradise Kiss]
• KODOMO : Children's Manga [Doraemon, hello Kitty]
01 PICTURES
Depicting objects and figures
ELEMENTS OF MANGA
ACCORDING TO NATSUME (1977)

02 WORD
including onomatopeia ; expresses auditory and tactile information

03 BALLOON
indicating words to develop dialogue
JAPANESE VISUAL LANGAUGE
Qualities of texture and non-
linguistic graphic symbols represent

04
the characters’ movements.
FRAME
surrounding pictures' READING PATTERN
panels, graphics, symbols right to left
Movement and sound; tactile qualities;
emotional states of the characters
TYPES OF BUBBLES
 MANGA

EXAMPLE FORMAT
 DOODLE FICTION
CHARACTERISTICS:
• Literary presentation where author
incorporates: (traditional font)
⚬ Doddle Writing
⚬ drawing
⚬ Handwritten Graphics
• Drawing enhances the story
⚬ adding humorous elements
Example :
- The Diary of a Wimpy Kid (Jeff Kinney)
- Timmy Failure (Stephan Pastis)
 DOODLE FICTION

EXAMPLE FORMAT
ELEMENTS:
• Handwriting Graphics
• Drawing
 TEXT-TALK NOVELS
CHARACTERISTICS:
• one of the modern ways. of writing stories
and novel
• Blogs, email, and IM format narratives
• Stories told almost entirely in dialogue
simulating social network exchanges/social
networking sites (SNS)
 CHICK LITERATURE
CHARACTERISTICS:
• also known as Chick Lit
• genre fiction
• addresses the issue of modern womanhood
*humorously and lightheartedly*
• typically features a female protagonist
whose feminist is heavily thermalizing in
the plot.
ELEMENTS:
• feminist literary genre
• Protagonist: A woman focuses on facing
trials in the real world
• Central Theme: Romantic Relationships and • The Night Before Christmas - Scarlet Bailey
Friendships • It Started with a Kiss - Miranda Dickinson
 FLASH FICTION
CHARACTERISTICS:
• a style of fictional literature
• extreme brevity/very short story
• There is no widely accepted definition of
the length and category
• range from word to a thousand
ELEMENTS
• Brevity - compresses the entire story into the space
of a few paragraphs.
• Complete Plot - with a beginning, middle, and end
• Gripping Conflict/Tension
• Characters
• Setting
• POV
• Theme : Realistic
 FLASH FICTION
EXAMPLE FORMAT

EVERYONE CRIED
• Lydia Davis
See More at: https://www.newyorker.com/books/flash-fiction/everyone-cried
 SIX-WORD FLASH FICTION
CHARACTERISTICS:
• the six-word story
• an extreme offshoot of flash fiction
that does exactly what it says on the
tin.
Example:
⚬ For Sale: Baby Socks, never worn
￭ Ernest Hemingway
⚬ Longer for him. Got him, Shit.
￭ Margaret Atwood
 CREATIVE NON-FICTION
CHARACTERISTICS:
• known as literary non-fiction/narrative non-
fiction
• a genre of writing
• uses literary styles and techniques to create
factually accurate narratives.
• rooted in accurate fact but not primarily
written in service to its craft.
• relatively young to be scrutinized with the
same critical analysis given to fiction and
poetry.
EXAMPLES:
• 1000 Gifts - Ann Voscamp
• Wind, Sand, and Stars - Antoine de Saint-Exupery
01 SETTING
location or place of events
ELEMENTS OF CREATIVE
NON-FICTION
02 DESCRIPTIVE IMAGERY
imaginary image created in mind

03 FIGURATIVE LANGUAGE
non-literal words and phrases ; figures
of speech
05 CHARACTER
the persons/individuals/
subjects/doer of the action

04
in the story
PLOT
the structure of story that begins with
exposition and ends with resolution
01 INCITING MOMENT
characters and setting is introduced
STRUCTURE
NARRATIVE PLOT

02 RISING ACTION
conflict arises

03 CLIMAX
interesting part

04 DENOUMENT
final resolution
 SCIENCE FICTION
CHARACTERISTICS:
• genre of speculative fiction
• deals with imaginative concepts
⚬ Examples themes:
￭ futuristic science and technology
￭ space travel
￭ time-travel
￭ parallel universe
￭ extra-terrestrial life
• Literature of Ideas: explores the potential
consequences of scientific and other
innovations.
Examples:
⚬ Kingdom of Ash - Sara Maas
⚬ Mockingjay - Suzanne Collins
 BLOG
CHARACTERISTICS:
• a weblog
• a website containing short articles changed
regularly.
• POST: short articles uploaded on social
networking sites.
• SOME: written by one person containing
his/her own opinions, interests, and
experience.
• OTHERS: written by different people
 HYPER POETRY
CHARACTERISTICS:
• Another term: Digital Poetry
• uses links and hypertexts mark-up
• involved either:
⚬ set words, phrases, lines, etc. that are
presented in variable order
⚬ contains parts of the poem that move
and transform
• usually found online through
⚬ CD-ROM
⚬ Diskette Version
 LET'S SUM UP
MANGA CREATIVE NON-FICTION
comics of Japan literary genre with factual
and accurate narratives
DOODLE FICTION SCIENCE FICTION
handwritten graphics and drawing science fantasy/imaginative
TEXT-TALK NOVELS science
stories told entirely in dialogue BLOG
ILLUSTRATED NOVEL website articles
through SNS
Text and illustrated images
CHICK LITERATURE HYPER POETRY
DIGI-FICTION feminist literary genre uses links and hypertext
Triple Media Literature (Book, Video/Movie, and mark-up that presented in
FLASH FICTION
Internet Website extreme brevity of fictional lit. traditional poetry
GRAPHIC NOVELS SIX-WORD FICTION
Long narrative comic book stories told briefly in six words
 WHAT’S MORE
ANALYZE AND IDENTIFY
 FLASH FICTION
-> it is all about love and love is tradition
-> The plot was deemed to be too brief/brevity
-> Because the authors employ more free verse, it is
regarded as a work from the twenty-first century.
-> The writers don't use a lot of rhythm or format. Tristan
Café can therefore be characterized as a literary work
from the twenty-first century by these peculiarities.
-> In flash fiction, a whole tale is condensed into a small
number of paragraphs.
-> Flash fiction does not have a set word limit, however some of the most typical word
counts vary from six words on the short end to over words on the long end.
 What I Have Learned

1. What are the conventional literary genres?

2. What are the common characteristics of conventional literary genre
3. What are the different 21st century literary genres?
4. What are the common characteristics of modern literary genres?
5. What is the difference between conventional and modern literary g