INTRODUCTION:

Audiovisual education or multimedia-based education is instruction where particular

attention is paid to the audio and visual presentation of the material with the goal of
improving comprehension and retention. Audiovisual technology gradually developed in
sophistication and its use became more widespread in educational establishments such as
schools, colleges, universities, museums and galleries, as well as at tourist destinations.
Audio-visual aids maintain a high level of interest to the students and also helps to get the
students to use the language and promote greater student participation. It is also used at all
level of learning.

DEFINITION:
 Audio visual Aids are any devices which can be used to make the learning experience
more concrete, more realistic and more dynamic.

- Kinder. S. James
 Audio visual Aids are those devices by the help of which communication of ideas
between persons and groups in various teaching and training situation is helped.
These are also termed as multi- sensory materials
- Edgar Dale

 Audio visual Aids are those sensory objects or images which initiates or stimulates
and reinforce learning.
- Burton

NEED OF AUDIO-VISUAL AIDS:

 Antidote to the disease of verbal instruction
 Best motivation
 Clear images
 Vicarious experiences
 Variety
 Freedom
 Opportunities to handle and manipulate
 Retentivity
 Based on maxims of teaching
 Helpful in attracting attention
 Saving energy and time
 Realism
 Vividness
 Meeting individual difference
 Encouragement to health classroom interaction
 Spread of education on a mass scale
 Promotion of scientific temper
 Development of higher faculties
 Reinforcement to learners
 Positive transfer of learning and training
 Positive environment for creative disciplines

IMPORTANCE OF AUDIO-VISUAL AIDS:

  Help to convey meaning clearly.
 Help to supplement spoken word.
 Help to impress the ideas better.
 Help to make teaching realistic.
 Help to attract the attention of audience.
 Help to create better ideas.

CHARACTERISTICS OF AUDIO- VISUAL AIDS:

It must be adapted to the intellectual maturity of the students.
 It should be meaningful and purposeful
 It should be improved
 It should be simple
 It should be cost effective
 It should be up to date
 It should be easily portable
 It should be large enough to be seen by the whole class.

PRINCIPLES TO BE FOLLOWED FOR THE EFFECTIVE USE OF

AUDIO-VISUAL AIDS:
1. Principles of selection
2. Principles of Preparation
3. Principles of Physical Control
4. Principles of Proper Presentation
5. Principles of Response
6. Principles of Evaluation

FACTORS INFLUENCING THE SELECTION OF A V AIDS:

 The objective or the purpose
 The nature of the subject matter being taught
 The nature of the audience
 The number of audiences
 The age, education
 Interest and experience
 Knowledge of the subject
 Cost
 Skill in selection and preparation
 Knowledge of resources
 The teacher’s familiarity with original and selection, preparation and use of aids.
 The availability, functioning or working condition of aids

CRITERIA FOR SELECTING A.V AIDS:

 Do the material give a true picture of idea
 Are they meaningful
 Is the material appropriate
 Is the physical condition satisfactory
 Do they improve human relation.
 Is the material worth the time and effort
  If the teacher finds it satisfactory then he has to choose the material.

GUIDELINES FOR SELECTING & MAKING A. V AIDS:

 Easy and understandable
 Simple and direct
 Focus on key points good working condition
 Time and place
 Accuracy
 Presentation
 Brief, clear and easy Letters should be neat
 Space between letters
 Space between lines
 Interesting and positive attitude
 Natural attractive colours

THE EFFECTIVE USE OF AUDIO-VISUAL AIDS:

Planning:
 Know clearly the objectives of the presentation
 Plan well in advance
 Anticipate the problem and avoid them.
 Anticipate the size of the audience.
 Plan for the use of variety of colourful visual aids, ample number of aids has to be
planed

Preparation:
 Select a convenient and comfortable meeting place
 Anticipate the need for special effects either total lighting or darkness, prepared to
provide either, at the right time.
 Make sure that all equipment is in good working order, before starting the meeting

Presentation:
 Motivate the audience and stress the key points they should observe during the
presentation
 Present aids at the right moment and in proper sequence.
 Display only one aid at a time.
 Removal unrelated materials
 Stand beside the adds, not in front of it
 Speak facing the audience and not the side.

Evaluation:
 At the end, evaluate by providing for discussion and application to discover and dispel
misunderstanding if any
 Undertake follow-up studies and observe results
ADVANTAGES OF AUDIO-VISUAL AIDS
 Make the learning process more effective and conceptual.
 Grab the attention of targeted audience.
 Build interest and motivation.
 Enhance the energy level of teaching.
 Provide a realistic approach and experience.
 Easy to follow.
 Participation feels more engaged.
 Easier to remember.
 Keep mistakes at a minimum.
 Inaccessible materials, event, object, could easily be
 brought in classroom virtually
 Students in the large classroom may not be able to see a demonstration or small
models
 Helps to solve communication problems.
 Greater acquisition of knowledge.
 Motivate students to participate actively.
 Source of experience
 Improves critical thinking
 Helps in interaction
 Motivate students to gain further knowledge

DISADVANTAGES OF AUDIO- VISUAL AIDS:

 Apathy of teachers
 Indifference of students
 Ineffectiveness of aids
 Financial hurdles
 Absence of electricity
 Lack of facilities for training
 Language difficulties

PRINTED AIDS
INTRODUCTION:
Printed aids combine words, pictures, and diagrams to convey accurate and clear information.
It can be read at any available time and can be kept for record.

DEFINITION:
 Printed material used in inform, motivate or instruct learners.
-kemp and Dayton (1985)

TYPES OF PRINTED AIDS:

Classify printed media into three types:
1. Learning aids: series. guide sheets, job aids, picture
 2. Training Material: handouts, study guides, instructor's manuals.
3. Information material: brochures newsletter

DIFFERENT TYPES OF PRINTED AIDS:

 Leaflet
 Pamphlet
 Handouts
 Broachers
 Newspaper
 Book

ADVANTAGES OF PRINTED AIDS:

 Easy to use, generate produce modify and update
 Cheap especially if the media are black and white.

DISADVANTAGES OF PRINTED AIDS:

 They may be too familiar and be ignored because they look like high school material
 Difficult to teach emotion skills or convey emotions and feelings through print media
 Colour is more expensive.

LEAFLET
INTRODUCTION:
Leaflets are primed educational aids of a single sheet paper folded lo make a full page of
printed matter on a single side. A leaflet is commonly referred to as any piece of printed
information, which includes fact sheets, guides, small booklets, brochures and usually
distributed for a campaign to disseminate the information or message to a large population.
Leaflets are printed educational media used to propagate a message lo a mass population in a
short time.

DEFINITION OF LEAFLET:
Leaflet is a small book usually having a paper of cover. a leaflet referred to as any piece of
printed information It includes fact sheets, guides, small booklets, and distributed without
charge.

TYPES OF LEAFLETS:
1. Persuasive leaflets:
Persuasive leaflets are used to spread a message and convince people through the
reason and logic printed in the leaflets.
2. Informative leaflets:
These leaflets are used to present the facts that are already known to the people in a
target group, and therefore attract and satisfy their curiosity.
3. Directive leaflets:
As the name suggests, these leaflets are sued to offer special instructions and direction
to the people in a target group which is useful for directing and controlling their
activities.
GUIDELINES FOR PREPARING LEAFLETS:
 A leaflet must be organized under the following headings:
1) Heading:
Leaflet heading is the part which is most prominently responsible for catching
the attention of people and is therefore considered as the most important part
of the leaflet. The heading must be precise, focused on the main theme and
written in eye catching words and colours.
2) Subheadings:
Leaflet subheadings are essential when the main heading is not successful in
covering the theme of the main text. Further, subheadings may be required if
stress is required on a specific point or used to introduce a new paragraph in
text so that a gap between the main heading and text can be obtained.
3) Text:
The text in leaflets must be as brief as possible and should begin with
impressive interesting sentences to capture the attention of readers. Creditable
and verifiable facts must be presented so that readers can believe in the
content and can make use of those facts.
4) Pictures:
To make the leaflet more eye catching, the pictures are mixed in the text so
that it becomes more easily understandable, interesting and meaningful.
 Good colour combinations and background must be used in organizing the leaflet so
that leaflet could be more attractive and amazing.
 The size of leaflet must be customized so that it is easy to carry and read.
 The written words must be large enough so that everyone including the elderly people
with diminished eyesight may read the content.
 Leaflets must be a good mixture of text, illustrations and pictures so that they become
moiré interesting for the readers.

ADVANTAGES OF LEAFLETS:
 Leaflets are a good combination of written words, illustrations and pictures so they
are more widely accepted.
 They should have facts to enjoy a high level of credibility and prestige in readers.
  They are considered a permanent source of message which cannot be alerted until and
unless the leaflet is tampered with.
 A wide range of people may be targeted to spread the message through leaflets.
 A very personal question can also be answered through leaflets which can be read in
private. For example, questions and answers related to safe sexual practices.

DISADVANTAGES OF LEAFLETS:
 Illiterate people can be targeted through leaflets to spread a message. They remain
deprived of the message if leaflets are used as an education aid for them.
 Planning, printing and designing the leaflets requires a lot of time, effort, men and
money.
 Expert, skilled professional manpower is required for planning and designing leaflets.
 Distribution of leaflets is not an easy task, it requires a strong coordination, efforts,
time and money.

PAMPHLET
INTRODUCTION:
Pamphlets area type of non-projected audiovisual aids. A pamphlet is a paper that can be
folded into two or three or five, and the matter can be printed either on a single or on both
sides. In other words, a pamphlet is an unbounded booklet without a hard cover or binding. It
may consist of a single sheet of paper that is printed on both sides and folded in half, in
thirds, or in fourth, or it may consist of a few pages that are folded in half or stapled at the
crease to make a single book. A pamphlet gives a chance to explain to the people who do not
have time to slay and discuss the content of information. A pamphlet must be self-
explanatory.

DEFINITION OF PAMPHLET:
 Pamphlet is a paper that can be folded into two or three or five and the matter can be
printed either on a single or on both sides.
 In other words, a pamphlet is an unbound booklet without a hard cover or binding

PURPOSES OF PAMPHLETS:
Pamphlets are used for the following purposes:
 To mobilize people to support a cause.
 To advertise a meeting or a specific event.
 To popularize a slogan or a message.
 Explain an issue to the community.
 Inform people of their rights.
 Win support for a campaign you are running.
 Win support for any organization's point of view.

PREPARING PAMPHLETS:
To prepare a good pamphlet, the following must be followed:
 Discuss the purpose, the message, the target people and content.
 Discuss the quantity and quality of pamphlets.
 If printing is done on both sides of a pamphlet, each side should have an interesting
bold headline to get peoples' attention.
 Each side should also carry the organisation's logo or name.
 Keep the language simple by avoiding long and complicated sentences.
  The best pamphlets are short and simple.
 All facts should be correct.

STEPS FOR PREPARING PAMPHLETS:

 Initially, the purpose and nature of the pamphlets and the target group must be
determined. The target group may be a general person, professionals such as doctors,
nurses etc.
 The second priority should be to define the dimensions of the pamphlet. The best and
most used size is with the dimensions of 8.5 x 11 inches.
 Some people, however, close a larger, smaller and more expensive pamphlet sizes if
the budget can handle it.
 Design the pamphlet by writing the content and identifying the images to be included
in the pamphlet.
 Give the pamphlet for proof printing and then check for any mistake, ensure
modification, if required.
 Finally point out the needed pamphlets and distribute them according to the best
method.

STYLES FOR ORGANIZING A PAMPHLETS:

 Tutorial style:
This is the first and the most basic style of pamphlets. It gives information on a
particular subject or explains how something is done.
 Frequently asked question style:
This is a very effective technique to get an answer to any question fast.
 Testimonial style:
This is a storytelling mode. A story is narrated about the pamphlet issue. The concepts
are introduced one by one historically. This makes the learning process easier for most
learners.

ADVANTAGES OF PAMPHLETS:
  Best method of dissemination of information or a message to larger group of people.
 Save time and resources in dissemination of information to a large group of people.
 Help in propagating messages rapidly in mass scale through wide distribution. They're
easy to carry with from place to place.
 People can read them at their free time and understand the message well.
 The first readers can pass the read pamphlets to other to read.
 Can be kept safe to read again which help as reminder of the message.

DISADVANTAGES OF PAMPHLETS:
 The main disadvantage of pamphlets is that they can waste a lot of money and time if
printed pamphlets are not distributed properly.
 Only literate and educated people can be benefited with this educational aid.
Furthermore, because of more written content, they capture less attention.
 They do not ensure that the targeted group has surely paid attention and time to read
the pamphlet.

HANDOUTS
DEFINITION
Handouts are printed material that are distributed to students before the presentation.

TYPES OF HANDOUTS:
Summary type: To reinforce the keywords, key statements and principles.
Completion type: To enable students to complete the C information during the
progress of a lecture:
 In blank spaces
 On unlabelled or semi drawn sketches
 In response to some questions
Notes type: To enable the students to read through them, I particularly in the absence
of textbooks.
Assignment type: To assign work, home-task, library b work or filed jobs
Laboratory sheets: For a practical class to provide some motivational information, to
suggest format of data sheets, tables of analysis, questions for discussion, etc.
Work sheets: To state a problem and to give some hints to enable the students to start
off and to complete a design or an analysis.
Question sheets: To pose objective questions, generally multiple-choice type items,
together with response sheets if considered appropriate.

USES OF HANDOUTS:
 Directly related to the lesson content.
 As an information sheet: presenting complex, rare or hard to find information.
 As a reading list.
 As a worksheet/quiz sheet/proforma/ work book.
 As apartment source of reference.

CRITERIA FOR PREPARING HANDOUTS:

 Be typed; use at least 12-point font
  Use heading and page numbering consistently
 Use bullet points rather than continuous prose
 Make good use of space
 Keep line left justified with a ragged right edge
 Avoid excessive use of capital letters and underlining
 Leave plenty of space between columns of text
 Avoid starting a sentence at the end of a line
 Avoid using glossy paper.

PREPARATION OF HANDOUTS:
 Handouts should be never repetitious of the material provided in the textbook or given
in live lectures.
 Necessary information should be typed neatly and concisely.

INSTRUCTIONS FOR HANDOUTS:

 Decide on the type of the handouts.
 Record only those items which are directly relevant to the subject of the lesson
 Recognize the key-words and catch-words and emphasize them in the handout by
underlying them.
 Use simple and clear language.
 Draw sketches and graph labelled or unlabelled.
 Draw graphs. Write point-wise, where ever possible
 Give title and subtitle
 Use colours appropriately if possible.
 if possible, prepare enlarged transparencies to match the handouts.

GIVING OUT HAND OUTS:

 Handouts may be given out to the learners at one of the following points of the times:
 Much in advance of the presentation
 Just before the star of the session.
 During the progress of the session, as necessary
 Just after the completion of the session.

BROUCHERS
A brochure (also referred to as a pamphlet) is a type of leaflet. Brochures are advertising
pieces mainly used to introduce a company or organization, and inform about products and/or
services to a target audience. Brochures are distributed by mail, handed personally or placed
in brochure racks.

DEFINITION:
Brochure is one of the most popular marketing tools to help organizations quickly draw the
attention of prospective customers. Brochures can be distributed manually, via mail or email,
or placed in brochure racks. Usually, brochures are printed on a single tri-fold sheet of thick
glossy paper.

TYPES OF BROUCHERS:
Brochures are divided into many types by their format, content and distribution.
By format brochures are:
 Bi fold brochures
 Tri fold brochures
 Multi page bi fold/booklets/catalogues
 Flayers
 Folders
 Gate fold brochure
 Inserts etc
Types of brochures by content are:
 Company portfolio brochure
 Sales brochure
 Product catalog
 Event brochure
 Menus
 Forms
 Pamphlets
 Data sheets
Types of brochures by distribution are:
 Mailers
 E-brochures

BI-FOLD BROCHURES
 Bi-fold brochures are found among us every day: they are one of the most popular
brochure types around.
 Bi-fold brochures are made out from one or more sheets of paper that is folded once,
in two halves. Most of the times, the fold line runs perpendicular to the longest side of
the sheet. These folding forms 4 panels out of a single sheet of paper: a front-cover, a
back-cover, and two internal pages.

TRI-FOLD BROCHURES
 Tri-fold brochures are one of the most common brochures worldwide.
 Tri-fold brochures are made out from a sheet of paper that is folded two times.
Looking at the brochure inside, you fold the right panel inwards first, and then you
fold the left panel, inwards as well, so that it sits on top of the right panel.
 Tri-folds have 6 panels to place information on 3 "outside" panels and 3 "inside"
panels. The 6 panels are almost the same size.
MULTI-PAGE BI-FOLDS / BOOKLETS / CATALOGS
 A booklet is, technically speaking, a set of multi-page bi-fold brochures that are
bound together. The term "booklet" implies more than one sheet of paper.
 A way to see it is that booklets are created by binding bi-fold brochures together -
usually by stacking and stapling them. By stacking and binding bi-fold brochures, you
can create an 8-page booklet (2 bi-folds), a 12-page booklet (3 bi-folds), and on. Each
bi-fold brochure adds 4 new pages to the page count.
 Booklets are usually printed on high quality stock, and their morphology allows eye-
catching, impressive designs. The front and back covers are sometimes printed on a
thicker stock.

FLYERS
 Flyers are communication pieces created to achieve mass distribution at low cost,
similar to pamphlets, leaflets or circulars. Flyers are usually a plain single sheet of
paper without any fold. They are usually small in size a LTR page or smaller. While
some of them are printed in full colour, some others are printed in just one or two
colours to keep costs down. They can be single or double- sided.
 Flyers are ideal for promotions or campaigns where the target audience is vast.
SALES BROCHURES
A sales brochure is a middle point between a company profile and a product catalogue. It
should introduce the company briefly. However, its main focus is selling a product or service.

CATALOGS - CATALOG DESIGN

Catalogs are brochures that allow you to show products and services right in the hands of
your clients. They are excellent for both prospective and recurring buyers. Prospective buyers
will be delighted to see your products or services in detail, while recurring clients will use
your catalog as a list of all your products and services you carry.
COMPANY PORTFOLIO BROCHURE
 Every company needs a company profile a document that describes the past, present
and future activities of the company.
 A typical company profile brochure contains some of these sections:
introduction/about us, history, mission, vision, member profiles, company divisions if
any, products and/or services sold, industries and locations served, portfolio/company
record, financial data, incorporation information, office locations, contact methods,
etc.

DATASHEET
A datasheet is a flat piece of paper that includes technical specs of a given product.
Datasheets usually come in the form of an insert to be distributed inside a folder, or as a
stand-alone flyer. Datasheets usually include graphics like pie charts, data tables, histograms,
pictograms, diagrams, etc.

INSERTS
 Graphic designers call inserts to the sheets that are placed inside a presentation folder.
 Inserts allow the folders to be configured for each particular client, giving emphasis in
a certain topic, service or product.
 Inserts are usually used as sales sheets, spec sheets, or just as informative or
promotional pieces.
 Inserts are the best companions to folders.

STEPS FOR WRITING A BROCHURE:

 Step one:
 Narrowing down your topic
 Decide on the purpose of your brochure
 Get specific
 Determine your audience
 Stress the benefits of your product
 Exclude irrelevant information
 Step two:
 Setting up a layout
  Choose a lay out
 Use front cover or panel to entice readers
 Breakup information in sections
 Step three:
 Creating the content
 Speak directly to your audience
 Keep your brochure content focused
 Use testimonials
 End the brochure with a call to action

FUNCTIONS OF BROCHURE:
A brochure has three functions:
 Informative function
 Advertising function
 Identification function

IMPORTANT POINTS CONSIDERED WHEN PREPARING

BROUCHERS:
 Write in short sentences. The format of a brochure does not allow you to be verbose.
 Use bulleted lists when possible.
 Try to make your brochure as helpful as possible.
 Leave some space, free from any text or graphics in your brochure. This is called
"white space" and according to numerous research studies, it helps readers separate
important points in the brochure by giving their eyes so-called momentary breaks.
 Use only quality paper. In most cases, glossy thick paper works best, although there
can be exceptions.
 Keep it relatively simple. Using too many fonts and bold lettering and colour will
make your brochure look unprofessional.
 Don't create a complicated design. In most cases, a simple design is more efficient and
easier to perceive.
 Include only graphical and textual information that directly refers to what you are
selling.
 Don't write in passive voice. Active voice sounds more vivid, which attracts
customers. For example, compare these two sentences:
 "The following services are available through The Company,"
 "The Company offers you the following services."
 Don't combine colours just because you like them. They can be bright and rich but
totally inappropriate together. One of the best options is to use colours that are
complimentary or even the same as on your company's logo.
 Don't try to cram all the information you can onto a single sheet of paper.
 Don't make your brochure too thick. It would not make it look more solid instead, it
will chase customers away. Also, the brochure must be easy to carry, so don't use
heavy stock.

ADVANTAGES OF BROUCHERS:
 Lucrative & affordable.
 Quick & easily accessible.
 Straight forward & tangible information.
DISADVANTAGES OF BROUCHERS:
 A detailed layout.
 Not-online friendly.
 Limited reach.
NEWSPAPER
Newspapers are regarded as the most powerful mass media and thus have become the
indispensable necessity of civilized life. They play an important role in teaching-learning
process. According to Good's dictionary of Education 'newspaper is a periodical printed in
the format of a new large folded sheets, devoted primarily to news and other materials of
great interest, numbered serially, published at stated intervals, usually daily or weekly in
the commercial field, but perhaps fortnightly or monthly in the scholastic field. They are
full of information about the general economic and social life of the people of a special
region and country. They are intact, the minimum textbook for the study of current affairs.

BOOKS
A book is a set of written, printed, illustrated, or blank sheets, made of ink, paper, parchment,
or other materials, usually fastened together to hinge at one side. A single sheet within a book
is called a leaf, and each side of a leaf is called a page. A set of text-filled or illustrated pages
produced in electronic format is known as an electronic book (e-book).
Books may also refer to works of literature, or a main division of such a work. In library and
information science, a book is called a monograph, to distinguish it from serial periodicals
such as magazines, journals or newspapers. The body of all written works including books is
literature. In novels and sometimes other types of books (for example, biographies), a book
may be divided into several large sections, also called books (Book 1, Book 2, Book 3, and so
on).
EDUCATIONAL SIGNIFICANCE OF PRINTED AIDS:
 They are very useful for the study of languages. Pupils learn many new words and
many new expressions. They learn how to express themselves and how to follow the
expression of others. As regards social studies, they learn a lot about the society.
There is much geographical and scientific information also in newspapers.
 The life sketches of great personalities, educationists and the description of historical
places can enrich the curriculum.
 They provide us knowledge of examination results, admission, notices and job
opportunities.
 They help the students in preparing better for the different competitive examinations.
 They develop in the students love for literature. Materials of literacy type such as
stories, poems, pieces of literary taste are presented in the newspapers on weekends.
 For international understanding, the study of newspapers is essential. Children come
to know how the world is progressing. How we are woven internationally. How the
events occurring in our country affect all the other countries of the world and how we
shall have to suffer if the third world war breaks out?
 In this fast-changing world when there is explosion of knowledge, newspaper helps
the students to update their knowledge in every field.
 in the teaching of arithmetic, the newspapers can furnish examples concerning banks,
interest on saving accounts, deposits are also very helpful in the teaching of
economics and commerce. Likewise, a lot of information on various subjects is
available from newspapers which can be used in daily teaching.
 It develops the power of judgment and critical thinking among students. It also
develops the scientific approach to problem solving among students, in the handling
of various issues.
 They are motivating and creates interest among learners in what is now happening
than the past. It serves as a wonderful motivational aid. It is the process of going from
the known to unknown, from familiar to unfamiliar

CONCLUSION:
The word aids is vital to a correct understanding of their use. These will provide great support
to classroom teaching. So to teach effectively and for effective communication we seek to
help of audio visual aids. These give us an idea about the need of use them during teaching.
We should make the best use of the things available in the classroom or in the locality. It must
be kept in mind that amore collection of audio-visual aids cannot make reaching effective and
meaningful.
REFERENCES:
 Sodhi Jaspreet Kaur. Comprehensive Textbook of Nursing Education. (2nd ed.) New Delhi:
Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers,2022: p152-154.
 Neerja KP. Textbook of Nursing Education. (1st ed.) New Delhi: Jaypee Brothers Medical
Publishers,2003: p150-152
 Sharma. Suresh, K, Sharma. Reena. Communication and Educational Technology in Nursing.
Elsevier.2012
 Pramila, R. (2010) “Nursing Communication and Education Technology”. Hariyana: Jaypee
BROTHERS.

 https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/printed-av-aid
 https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/printed-aids
 https://www.scribd.com/document/533194237/Printed-Aids
 www.scribd.com/presentation/518373238/PRINTED-AIDS
 SUBJECT: NURSING EDUCATION

A.V. AIDS PRESENTATION

ON
PRINTED AIDS
SUBMITTED TO:
Madam Aditi Karmakar
Senior Lecturer
GCON, NRSMC&H
SUBMITTED BY:
Kankana Malla
M.Sc. Nursing 1st Year
GCON, NRSMC&H