Unit 3 Test Review Name:

1. Which of the following functions is an equivalent form of the function 𝑦 = 3 ?

(A) 𝑦 = 27 (B) 𝑦 = 9 ∙ 3 (C) 𝑦 = 27 + 3 (D) 𝑦 = 27 ∙ 3

2. Which of the following functions is an equivalent form of the function 𝑓(𝑥) = 4 ?

1
(A) 𝑓(𝑥) = 2 (B) 𝑓(𝑥) = 2 ∙ 2 (C) 𝑓(𝑥) = 2 ∙ 4 (D) 𝑓(𝑥) = ∙4
16

3. The function 𝑔 is given by 𝑔(𝑥) = 16 ∙ 9 . Which of the following is an equivalent form for 𝑔(𝑥)?
(A) 𝑔(𝑥) = 4 ∙ 3( ⁄ ) (B) 𝑔(𝑥) = 4 ∙ 3( )
(C) 𝑔(𝑥) = 16 ∙ 3( ⁄ ) (D) 𝑔(𝑥) = 16 ∙ 3( )

4. The function ℎ is given by ℎ(𝑥) = 25 ∙ 36 . Which of the following is an equivalent form for ℎ(𝑥)?
(A) ℎ(𝑥) = 5 ∙ 6( ⁄ ) (B) ℎ(𝑥) = 5 ∙ 6( )
(C) ℎ(𝑥) = 25 ∙ 6( ⁄ ) (D) ℎ(𝑥) = 25 ∙ 6( )

5. The function ℎ is given by 𝑘(𝑥) = 9 ∙ 4 . Which of the following is an equivalent form for 𝑘(𝑥)?
(A) 𝑘(𝑥) = 3 ∙ 2( ⁄ ) (B) 𝑘(𝑥) = 3 ∙ 2( )
(C) 𝑘(𝑥) = 9 ∙ 16( ⁄ ) (D) 𝑘(𝑥) = 9 ∙ 16( )

6. The function 𝑓 is given by 𝑓(𝑥) = 16 ∙ 4 . Which of the following is an equivalent form for 𝑓(𝑥)?
(A) 𝑓(𝑥) = 4 (B) 𝑓(𝑥) = 4 (C) 𝑓(𝑥) = 4 (D) 𝑓(𝑥) = 4

7. The exponential function 𝑔 is defined by 𝑔(𝑥) = −2𝑒 . Which of the following pairs of statements correctly
describes the end behavior of 𝑔?
(A) lim 𝑔(𝑥) = −∞ and lim 𝑔(𝑥) = 0
→ →

(B) lim 𝑔(𝑥) = ∞ and lim 𝑔(𝑥) = 0

→ →

(C) lim 𝑔(𝑥) = 0 and lim 𝑔(𝑥) = −∞

→ →

(D) lim 𝑔(𝑥) = 0 and lim 𝑔(𝑥) = ∞

→ →

by Bryan Passwater
 𝐆𝐫𝐚𝐩𝐡 𝐨𝐟 𝒇 8. The graph of the exponential function 𝑓 is shown above. Which of the
following pairs of statements correctly describes the end behavior of 𝑓?

(A) lim 𝑓(𝑥) = −∞ and lim 𝑓(𝑥) = 0

→ →
(B) lim 𝑓(𝑥) = ∞ and lim 𝑓(𝑥) = 0
→ →
(C) lim 𝑓(𝑥) = 0 and lim 𝑓(𝑥) = −∞
→ →
(D) lim 𝑓(𝑥) = 0 and lim 𝑓(𝑥) = ∞
→ →

𝐆𝐫𝐚𝐩𝐡 𝐨𝐟 𝒌 9. The graph of the exponential function 𝑘 is shown above. Which of the
following could be an expression for 𝑘?

1 1 1
(A) − (3) (B) 2(3) (C) 2 (D) − 2
2 3 3

10. The exponential function ℎ decreases at an increasing rate. Which of the following could be an expression for ℎ?
1 1
(A) − 5(4) (B) 5(4) (C) 5 (D) − 5
4 4

𝑥 0 1 2 3 4
1 1
𝑓(𝑥) 1 2 4
4 2

11. The exponential function 𝑓 is defined by 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑎𝑏 , where 𝑎 and 𝑏 are positive constants. The table gives values
of 𝑓(𝑥) at selected values of 𝑥. Which of the following statements is true?
(A) 𝑓 demonstrates exponential decay because 𝑎 > 0 and 0 < 𝑏 < 1.
(B) 𝑓 demonstrates exponential decay because 𝑎 > 0 and 𝑏 > 1.
(C) 𝑓 demonstrates exponential growth because 𝑎 > 0 and 0 < 𝑏 < 1.
(D) 𝑓 demonstrates exponential growth because 𝑎 > 0 and 𝑏 > 1.

by Bryan Passwater
 𝑥 1 2 3 4 5

𝑔(𝑥) 1 10 100 1,000 10,000

12. The exponential function 𝑔 is defined by 𝑔(𝑥) = 𝑎𝑏 , where 𝑎 and 𝑏 are positive constants. The table gives values
of 𝑔(𝑥) at selected values of 𝑥. Which of the following statements is true?
(A) 𝑔 demonstrates exponential decay because 𝑎 > 0 and 0 < 𝑏 < 1.
(B) 𝑔 demonstrates exponential decay because 𝑎 > 0 and 𝑏 > 1.
(C) 𝑔 demonstrates exponential growth because 𝑎 > 0 and 0 < 𝑏 < 1.
(D) 𝑔 demonstrates exponential growth because 𝑎 > 0 and 𝑏 > 1.

13. The exponential function ℎ is defined by ℎ(𝑥) = 3 . Which of the following statements about ℎ is correct?

(A) The function ℎ is increasing and the rate of change of ℎ is positive.

(B) The function ℎ is increasing and the rate of change of ℎ is negative.
(C) The function ℎ is decreasing and the rate of change of ℎ is increasing.
(D) The function ℎ is decreasing and the rate of change of ℎ is decreasing.

𝑥 ℎ(𝑥)
81 2
27 4
9 6
3 8
1 10

14. Selected values of the function ℎ are shown in the table above. Which of the following claim and explanation
statements best fits these data?

(A) ℎ is best modeled by a logarithmic function because the outputs over consecutive equal-length input-value intervals
are proportional.
(B) ℎ is best modeled by a logarithmic function because the inputs over consecutive equal-length output-value intervals
are proportional.
(C) ℎ is best modeled by an exponential function because the outputs over consecutive equal-length input-value intervals
are proportional.
(D) ℎ is best modeled by an exponential function because the inputs over consecutive equal-length output-value intervals
are proportional.

by Bryan Passwater
Directions: Use the graph and table of values below for problems 16 – 23.

𝑥 −5 −3 −1 1 2 5

𝑔(𝑥) 2 5 −2 −3 −5 4

ℎ(𝑥) 5 4 2 0 −2 −4

𝐆𝐫𝐚𝐩𝐡 𝐨𝐟 𝒇
The graph of the piecewise-linear function 𝑓 is shown above and consists of three linear segments. Values of the
functions 𝑔 and ℎ are shown in the table above at selected values of 𝑥. Let 𝑓 and ℎ represent the inverse functions
for 𝑓 and ℎ, respectively.
16. Find the value of ℎ (2), or indicate that it is not defined.

17. Find the value of 𝑓 (2), or indicate that it is not defined.

18. The function 𝑘 is defined by 𝑘(𝑥) = (𝑔 ∘ 𝑓)(𝑥) = 𝑔 𝑓(𝑥) . Find the value of 𝑘(0) , or indicate that it is not
defined.

19. The function 𝑚 is defined by 𝑚(𝑥) = (𝑔 ∘ 𝑓)(𝑥) = 𝑔 𝑓(𝑥) . Find the value of 𝑚(−3) , or indicate that it is not
defined.

20. The function 𝑝 is defined by 𝑝(𝑥) = (ℎ ∘ 𝑔)(𝑥) = ℎ 𝑔(𝑥) . Find the value of 𝑝(1) , or indicate that it is not
defined.

21. The function 𝑞 is defined by 𝑞(𝑥) = (𝑓 ∘ 𝑓)(𝑥) = 𝑓 𝑓(𝑥) . Find the value of 𝑞(−4) , or indicate that it is not
defined.

22. The function 𝑟 is defined by 𝑟(𝑥) = (𝑔 ∘ ℎ)(𝑥) = 𝑔 ℎ(𝑥) . Find the value of 𝑟(1) , or indicate that it is not defined.

23. The function 𝑙 is defined by 𝑙(𝑥) = (𝑓 ∘ ℎ)(𝑥) = 𝑓 ℎ(𝑥) . Find the value of 𝑙(2) , or indicate that it is not
defined.

by Bryan Passwater
 𝑡 (minutes) 0 1 2 3 4
𝑆(𝑡) 512 256 128 64 32

24. The decreasing function 𝑆 gives the number of students inside a classroom after school ends. The table gives values
of 𝑆(𝑡) for selected values of 𝑡, in minutes, since the school bell ended the day. If a model is constructed to represent
these data, which of the following best applies to this situation?

(A) 𝑦 = −256𝑡 + 512

(B) 𝑦 = −120𝑡 + 512
(C) 𝑦 = 512(2)

1
(D) 𝑦 = 512
2

25. A fitness trainer created a new fitness program designed to help her clients increase their bench press. The trainer
made estimates about the maximum amount one of her clients could bench press over time using her program. A linear
regression was used to develop a model for the maximum bench press over time. The figure shows a graph of the
residuals of the linear regression. Which of the following statements about the linear regression is true?
(A) The linear model is not appropriate, because the there is not a clear pattern in the graph of the residuals.
(B) The linear model is not appropriate, because the there is a clear pattern in the graph of the residuals.
(C) The linear model is appropriate, because the there is not a clear pattern in the graph of the residuals.
(D) The linear model is appropriate, because the there is a clear pattern in the graph of the residuals.

26. After Mr. Passwater launches his new social media app called PasswaterVision, the number of users registered on the
app begins to increase rapidly. The number of users, in millions, using the PasswaterVision app is modeled by the
function 𝑃. The number of users is expected to increase by 21% each month. At time 𝑡 = 0 years, there are 14 million
users on PasswaterVision. If 𝑡 is measured in years, which of the following is an expression for 𝑃(𝑡)? (Note: There are
12 months in a year.)
(A) 14(0.21)( ⁄ )
(B) 14(0.21)( )
(C) 14(1.21)( ⁄ )
(D) 14(1.21)( )

by Bryan Passwater
27. Polonium-209 has a half-life of 102 years. In a particular sample, the amount of Polonium-209 remaining after 𝑦
years can be modeled by the function 𝑃 given by 𝑃(𝑦) = 𝐴 (0.5)( ⁄ ), where 𝐴 is the amount of Polonium-209 in the
sample at time 𝑦 = 0. Which of the following functions 𝐿 models the amount of Polonium-209 remaining after 𝑡 days,
where 𝐴 is the amount of Polonium-209 in the sample at time 𝑡 = 0? (There are 365 days in a year, so 𝑡 = 365𝑦.)
(A) 𝐿(𝑡) = 𝐴 (0.5)( ⁄ )

) ( )
(B) 𝐿(𝑡) = 𝐴 0.5( ⁄

) ( ⁄ )
(C) 𝐿(𝑡) = 𝐴 0.5(

) ( ⁄ )
(D) 𝐿(𝑡) = 𝐴 0.5( ⁄

𝑥 𝑘(𝑥)
−1 7
0 5
2 3
4 1

28. The table above presents values for a function 𝑘 at selected values of 𝑥. An exponential regression 𝑦 = 𝑎𝑏 is used
to model these data. What is the value of 𝑘(3) predicted by the exponential function model?
(A) 1.654
(B) 1.834
(C) 1.983
(D) 2.200

29. A wind turbine uses the power of wind to generate electricity. The blades of the turbine make a noise that can be
heard at a distance from the turbine. At a distance of d  0 meters from the turbine, the noise level is 105 decibels. At a
distance of d  100 meters from the turbine, the noise level is 49 decibels.
The noise level can be modeled by the function S  d   ab , where S  d  is the noise level, in decibels, at a distance d
d

meters from the turbine.

(a) Use the given data to write two equations that can be used to find the values for constants a and b in the expression
for S  d  .

(b) Find the values for a and b .

(c) Use the given data to find the average rate of change of the noise level, in decibels per meter, from d  0 meters to
d  100 meters. Express your answer as a decimal approximation. Show the computations that lead to your answer.

by Bryan Passwater