Paper17623 Super

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IJARSCT
International Journal of Advanced Research in Science, Communication and Technology (IJARSCT)
International Open-Access, Double-Blind, Peer-Reviewed, Refereed, Multidisciplinary Online Journal
Impact Factor: 7.53 Volume 4, Issue 6, April 2024
Iot Based Smart Irrigation System using Artificial

Intelligence
Dr. G. Nanthakumar1, Mr. K. Pazhanivel2, Abinesh A3, Ganesh K. R4, Harish V5, Nagendran S6
Professor, Department of Computer Science and Engineering1
Assistant Professor, Department of Computer Science and Engineering2
Student, Department of Computer Science and Engineering3,4,5,6
Anjalai Ammal Mahalingam Engineering College, Thiruvarur, Tamil Nadu, India
Abstract: Sustainable agriculture depends on effective water management, and the Internet of Things
(IoT) and artificial intelligence (AI) combine to offer a novel approach to irrigation process optimisation.
In order to improve water utilization in agriculture, this research suggests a comprehensive system that
includes buzzers, LCD displays, relays, water pumps, soil moisture sensors, AI algorithms, and water
pumps. An AI algorithm at the centre of the system evaluates data collected in real time from field-installed
soil moisture sensors. These sensors gather information on the soil’s moisture content, which offers
important insights into the real water needs of the crops. After analysing this data, the AI programme
decides how best to schedule irrigation. The system’s integration with a relay is intended to regulate when
a water pump is activated. According to the suggestions of the AI algorithm, the relay provides accurate
control over the irrigation operation, enabling on-demand watering. By avoiding over- irrigation and
conserving water, this lowers the chance of waterlogging and associated problems. The system has an LCD
display to improve user engagement and offer real-time feedback. Important details like irrigation status,
soil moisture levels, and AI-driven suggestions are conveyed through the display. With the help of this
function, farmers may monitor the system’s performance and make well-informed judgements.
Furthermore, a buzzer is incorporated to deliver auditory notifications in the event of crucial occurrences,
such low soil moisture levels or system faults.This guarantees timely resolution of problems that might
affect crop health and system performance as a whole. A number of benefits are provided by the suggested
AI-driven water management system, including improved agricultural output, water conservation, and
operational effectiveness. Water scarcity and resource optimisation in irrigated fields are addressed by the
system, which offers a comprehensive precision agriculture solution by utilising the capabilities of IoT
devices, soil moisture sensors, relays, water pumps, buzzers, and LCD displays
Keywords: Artificial Intelligence, Internet of Things, Moisture Sensor and Water Conservation
I. INTRODUCTION
1.1 Introduction:
Global food security relies significantly on the success of agricultural practices, with water management playing a
pivotal role in determining agriculture's effectiveness. The prudent use of water resources is paramount to ensuring the
success and sustainability of agricultural endeavors worldwide. Effective irrigation techniques are essential in this
context, as they not only dictate the efficient utilization of water but also directly impact agricultural productivity and
environmental conservation efforts. However, traditional irrigation methods often fall short in adapting to the dynamic
challenges posed by changing climatic conditions and the diverse water requirements of different crops. This limitation
underscores the critical need for precision water management strategies that can address these challenges while
optimizing water usage, enhancing agricultural yields, and promoting environmental sustainability.
1.2 Challenges with Conventional Irrigation Techniques:

Conventional irrigation techniques, while widespread, often exhibit limitations in their adaptability and responsiveness
to changing environmental conditions and crop needs. These techniques typically rely on fixed schedules or manual
Copyright to IJARSCT DOI: 10.48175/IJARSCT-17623 145

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interventions to determine irrigation timings and volumes, which may not always align with the actual water
requirements of crops.Furthermore, traditional irrigation systems lack the flexibility to adjust to fluctuations in climatic
circumstances, such as variations in rainfall patterns or temperature extremes.
Additionally, the uniform application of water across fields may not account for variations in soil moisture levels or the
specific water needs of individual crops, leading to inefficient water use and suboptimal agricultural outcomes. These
shortcomings underscore the pressing need for innovative approaches to water management in agriculture that can
overcome the limitations of conventional techniques.
1.3 The AI-Driven Approach to Precision Water Management:

This study suggests using new technology to manage water better for farming. Traditional ways of watering crops
sometimes have problems, so this study proposes a new idea: using artificial intelligence (AI) and the Internet of Things
(IoT) to make irrigation smarter. By combining these technologies with gadgets like screens, switches, sensors, and
pumps, the goal is to use water more wisely, grow more food, and take care of the environment.
The AI and IoT technologies work together to monitor water use in real-time and make decisions about when to water
crops. Soil moisture sensors placed in fields keep track of how wet the soil is and send that information to AI software.
The AI software analyzes the data and decides when and how much water crops need. This way, farmers can water their
crops at the right times and avoid wasting water.
Besides helping farmers use water more efficiently, the AI-driven system also helps protect the environment. By only
watering, when necessary, it reduces water waste and prevents soil erosion. Plus, it minimizes the risk of waterlogging
and nutrient runoff, which can harm nearby ecosystems. By promoting smarter water use and reducing reliance on old-
fashioned methods, the system supports biodiversity and keeps natural habitats healthy.
Overall, the AI-driven approach to precision water management aims to make farming more efficient and sustainable.
By using technology to monitor water use, make smart decisions, and protect the environment, this system helps
farmers grow more food while using fewer resources. It's a win-win for farmers, consumers, and the planet alike.
II. RELATED WORKS

The article titled "Design and Development of IoT-Based Smart Irrigation System," authored by [1] issue of the
International Research Journal of Modernization in Engineering Technology and Science, explores the innovative
application of Internet of Things (IoT) technology in revolutionizing irrigation practices. aThe article delves into the
design, development, and implementation of a smart irrigation system that aims to modernize agricultural practices by
automating and optimizing water management processes. In the contemporary agricultural landscape, the efficient
utilization of water resources is of paramount importance, particularly inA light of pressing challenges such as water
scarcity and resource inefficiency. Traditional irrigation methods, which often rely on manual intervention and outdated
technologies, are no longer adequate to meet the demands of modern agriculture. The article addresses these challenges
by proposing the integration of IoT technology into irrigation systems, thereby enabling real-time monitoring and
control of water usage. The IoT-based smart irrigation system described in the article offers a comprehensive solution
to the complexities of water management in agriculture.
The cited article, authored by [2], the article explores the application of IoT in revolutionizing irrigation practices. It
likely delves into the design, functionality, and benefits of smart irrigation systems, which leverage IoT devices such as
sensors, actuators, and controllers to automate and optimize water management processes in agriculture. The authors
may discuss various aspects of smart irrigation systems, including their components, operation principles, and potential
impact on addressing contemporary challenges in agriculture, such as water scarcity and resource inefficiency.
Additionally, the article may highlight case studies or practical examples demonstrating the effectiveness and feasibility
of IoT-based smart irrigation systems in real-world agricultural settings.
The referenced article, authored [3] explores the implementation of an IoT-based smart irrigation system utilizing
artificial intelligence (AI). Published in the International Journal for Research Trends and Innovation in 2022, the
article focuses on the integration of AI technology with IoT devices to enhance irrigation practices. The authors likely
delve into the design and functionality of the smart irrigation system, emphasizing the role of AI algorithms in
optimizing water usage and conserving resources. Key terms such as artificial intelligence, irrigation, Internet of
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Things, and water conservation are likely central to the discussion, as the article aims to highlight the significance of
these technologies in modernizing agricultural practices. Additionally, the article may present case studies or practical
examples showcasing the effectiveness of the IoT-based smart irrigation system in real-world scenarios, demonstrating
its potential to address contemporary challenges in agriculture and contribute to sustainable water management
practices.
The paper "IoT Based Smart Irrigation System Using Soil Moisture Sensor and ESP8266 NodeMCU" by [4], published
in the International Journal of Computer Science and Information Technology Research, introduces a groundbreaking
approach to agricultural irrigation management. Through the integration of IoT technology with soil moisture sensors
and ESP8266 NodeMCU, the system offers real-time monitoring and control of irrigation processes. By collecting and
analyzing soil moisture data, farmers can optimize irrigation schedules, leading to significant water savings and
improved crop yield. The paper outlines the hardware setup, communication protocols, and software architecture of the
system, highlighting its ease of implementation and scalability.
III. LITERATURE REVIEW
TITLE AUTHOR NAME YEAR TECHNIQUE DESCRIPTION

Design and Dr. Vivek Vaidya, April- Smart The literature highlights
development of Mr.Yash Chavan, Miss. Dineshwari 2023. Irrigation for the imperative of smart
IOT based smart Madavi, Mr. Utkarsh Meshram, Mr. Crop. irrigation systems amid the
irrigation system Somesh Nandeshwar global water crisis,
emphasizing their role in
conserving water and
streamlining agricultural
practices.
IoT Based Krishna Singh, 2019 Effective way This paper proposes an
Approach for Samyak Jain, of crop advanced automated
Smart Irrigation Varun Andhra, Cultivation in irrigation approach tailored
System Suited to Shilpi Sharma IoT based. to India's multi-crop,
Multiple Crop integrating IoT and Data
Cultivation Science technologies.
An overview of Khaled Obaideena, 2022 Emphasizing This literature review
smart irrigation Bashria A.A. Yousef , water-usage explores SMART
systems using Maryam Nooman AlMallahi ,Yong through irrigation's role in
IoT. Chai Tan MontaserMahmouda, Sensory advancing Sustainable
HadiJaber,MohamadRamadanf system. Development Goals,
emphasizing water-use
efficiency through IoT and
sensory systems.

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IoT-Based smart N.Rahul,S. 2022 Crop A smart irrigation System

irrigation System Sumathi,S.rajaprabu, Irrigation based on water is added to
using artificial j.Prawin Kumar, using the soil or land during
intelligence. R.Varthish Artificial irrigation to support plant
intelligence development . Rainfall
and reduce the could not always be
wastage of enough to supply the plants
water. with the water they need to
develop , depending on
various factors such as area
, season and climate.
Iot Based Smart Ms.S.Shobana, April- Using Soil The key objective of the
Irrigation System B.SanjanaPandey, june,2021 Moisture paper is to monitor the soil
Using Soil Padmashri.R, Sensors and moisture content during its
Moisture Sensor U.Triveni Esp8266 dry and wet conditions
And using in crop with the aid of a moisture
Esp8266nodemcu. irrigation. sensor ,an automated water
inlet setup which can also
monitor and record
temperature etc.
IV.METHODOLOGY
Sensor Integration:
In the sensor integration module,the focus lies on seamlessly integrating soil moisture sensors into the agricultural
environment. This involves careful selection of sensors based on criteria like accuracy and durability,followed by the
development of hardware and software components for data acquisition. The sensors are connected to the main control
unit, ensuring reliable communication and power supply.Through rigorous testing and calibration,the module ensures
the accuracy and consistency of sensor readings, providing reliable data for irrigation decision-making.
Artificial Intelligence:
The artificial intelligence module employs advanced algorithms to analyze sensor data and optimize irrigation
schedules. Preprocessing techniques are applied to clean and normalize the data before feeding it into machine learning
models. These models, such as neural networks or decision trees, learn from historical data to make real-time irrigation
decisions based on soil moisture levels. Continuous feedback mechanisms refine the models' predictions over time,
ensuring adaptability to changing environmental conditions and improving overallsystem efficiency.
User Interface Module:

The user interface module focuses on providing a user-friendly interface for interacting with the irrigation system. It
incorporates intuitive design principles to present relevant information, such as irrigation status and soil moisture levels,
in a clear and concise manner. Interactive controls allow users to adjust irrigation schedules and customize system
settings as needed. Feedback mechanisms, such as notifications and progress indicators, keep users informed about
system actions and status updates, enhancing user experience and facilitating efficient systemmanagement.
Data Flow Diagram:

A Data Flow Diagram (DFD) for an IoT-based smart crop irrigation system enhanced with Artificial Intelligence (AI)
showcases how data flows and interacts between different elements of the system.
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International Open-Access,
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Fig. 1. Data Flow Diagram
Use Case Diagram:

A use case diagram at its simplest is a representation of a user’s interaction with the system that shows the relationship
between the user and the different use cases in which the user
user is involved. In the use case diagram figure 2. shows the
IoT-based
based smart irrigation system autonomously collects real-time
real data and analyzes
zes it using AI algorithms to optimize
irrigation. Actuators are then controlled to implement the optimized irrigation
irrigat schedule, ensuring efficient water usage
and maintaining crop/landscape health.
Fig. 2. Use case Diagram
V. COMPONENTS
Soil moisture sensor module
It is employed to measure the soil's moisture content. This technology makes use of a capacitance
capacitance-based soil moisture
sensor.
The details are described below.
1. Working Temperature - -40oC to 60oC
2. Operating Voltage – 5V DC
3. Operating current :- 40Ma.
Copyright to IJARSCT DOI: 10.48175/

10.48175/IJARSCT-17623 149
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Fig. 3. Soil moisture Sensor

Arduino Uno
It is an open source microcontroller with a built-in programme for successful functioning. the software usedto create the
Arduino IDE programme. It use loop logic to carry out logic. To ensure a 5V DC supply, the Arduino power source
may be provided through a DC converter.
1. Operating voltage – 5V 50
2. Digital pins- 14 (0- 13)
3. Analog pins- 6 (A0 – A5)
4. Microcontroller- ATMega328P.
Fig. 4. Arduino Uno

Wi-Fi Module
The system may communicate data over the internet by connecting through wifi, which is made possible by the ESP-
8266 wifi module.
1.Operating voltage- 3.3V DC
2.Working Temperature - -40oC to 125oC
3.Flash memory size- 512 KB
4.Pins used – VCC, Ground, TX, RX, & Reset pins
5.Program used via Arduino IDE or AT- Commands
Fig. 5. Wi-Fi
Relay module
Relay is a switch that may be controlled electronically or electromechanically. There is a port marked with the letters
(NO), which is often open. Relay switch receives a 5V DC power source, which causes the relay coil to get magnetised
and trip off, signalling that the circuit is closed. By looking at the green light, which shows that it is ON, this situation
may be detected.
1.Operating voltage- 5V DC
2.Output parameters – 10A 25oV AC
3.Input control signal current – 1.5 - 1.9 mA.
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Fig. 6. Relay
VI. DESIGN
System Architecture:
The system architecture in Figure 5 depicts an IoT-based smart irrigation system leveraging artificial intelligence,
incorporating components like a moisture sensor, LCD display, Arduino Uno microcontroller, motor, power supply
unit, AI model, Wi-Fi module, buzzer, relay, and a mobile app interface. The moisture sensor measures soil moisture
levels, which are displayed on the LCD screen and transmitted to the Arduino Uno. The Arduino, equipped with a Wi-
Fi module, communicates the data to the AI model for analysis. The AI model processes the data and generates
commands to control the motor and relay for irrigation purposes based on optimal moisture levels. Additionally, the
system includes a buzzer for alerts and a mobile app interface for real-time monitoring and control of the irrigation
process.
Fig. 7. Block Diagram
VII. IMPLEMENTATION
In implementing the proposed system, We begin by setting up hardware and communication protocols. Integrated
sensors monitor soil and environmental conditions continuously. AI-driven analysis enables optimized irrigation
schedules, with real-time feedback and ongoing refinement for efficient plant care.
Step 1: Initialize system components and communication protocols.
Step 2: Continuously monitor and store real-time soil moisture and environmental data.
Step 3: Utilize AI algorithms to analyze collected data for optimal irrigation scheduling.
Step 4: Determine irrigation timing and duration based on analysis results.
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Step 5: Interface with relays to activate water pumps according to schedule.

Step 6: Display irrigation status and provide feedback through LCD and buzzer notifications.
Step 7: Continuously evaluate and refine system performance based on feedback.
VIII. FLOWCHART
A flowchart for the IoT-based smart irrigation system using AI represents a visual diagram illustrating the sequential
flow of actions and decisions within the system. It outlines the process of collecting soil moisture data, analyzing it
using AI algorithms, and controlling irrigation accordingly, ensuring a clear understanding of the system's functionality
and logic.
Fig. 8. FlowChart
IX. GRAPH
This graph illustrates the relationship between soil moisture levels and the state of the motor.The X-axis represents
varying levels of soil moisture, indicating the wetness or dryness of the soil.The Y-axis depicts the corresponding state
of the motor, indicating whether it's activated or deactivated based on the soil moisture readings.
State of
Motor
on off
1024 2000
Range of Soil moisture
Fig. 9. Soil Moisture graph
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X. RESULT
The Figure 8 shows the mobile application through which the farmer monitors the irrigation process. Figure 9 and
Figure 10 shows the output of the proposed system. It indicates the Soil moisture, pump status and Reading Time and
show the history of pump status.
Fig. 11. Test case 1
Fig. 12. Test Case 2
Fig. 10. Auto Irrigation App

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X. CONCLUSION
In conclusion, the development and implementation of an AI-driven solution for precise water management in piped
and micro-irrigation networks present a significant step forward in sustainable agriculture practices. By leveraging
advanced technologies such as AI algorithms, soil moisture sensors, and microcontrollers, the system effectively
optimized water usage while maintaining crop productivity. The integration of components like the LCD display,
buzzer, relay,and water pump ensured seamless operation and user-friendly experience. Through continuous monitoring
and analysis of soil moisture levels, the system dynamically adjusted irrigation schedules to meet the specific needs of
crops and soil conditions. This not only led to reduced water consumption but also minimized environmental impact by
preventing water wastage, waterlogging, and soil erosion. Overall, the AI-driven solution offers a promising approach
to address the challenges of water scarcity and agricultural sustainability, paving the way for more efficient and
responsible water management practices in the future.
REFERENCES
[1] Dr. Vivek Vaidya, Mr. Yash Chavan, Miss. Dineshwari Madavi,Mr. Utkarsh Meshram, Mr. Somesh Nandeshwar.”
Design and Development of IOT Based Smart Irrigation System.” International Research Journal of Modernization in
Engineering Technology and Science-e-ISSN:2582-5208,April-2023.
[2] Krishna Singh, Samyak Jain, Varun Andhra, Shilpi Sharma.” IoT Based Approach for Smart Irrigation System
Suited to Multiple Crop Cultivation.” International Journal of Engineering Research and Technology. ISSN 0974-
3154, Volume 12, Number 3 (2019), pp. 357-363.
[3] Khaled Obaideena, Bashria A.A. Yousef , Maryam Nooman AlMallahi , Yong Chai Tan Montaser Mahmouda, Hadi
Jaber ,Mohamad Ramadanf. “An overview of smart irrigation systems using IoT”, Energy Nexus 7 (2022)100124.
[4] N.Rahul,S.Sumathi,S.rajaprabu,j.Prawin Kumar,R.Varthish.”IoT-Based smart irrigation System using artificial
intelligence. "Index terms – Artificial intelligence,irrigation,Internet of Things and Water Consservation.published by
International Journal for Research Trends and Innovation 2022.
[5] Ms.S.Shobana,B.SanjanaPandey,Padmashri.R,U.Triveni.” Iot Based Smart Irrigation System Using Soil Moisture
Sensor And Esp8266nodemcu” International Journal of Computer Science and Information Technology Research, Vol.
9, Issue 2, pp: (52-58), Month: April - June 2021.
[6] Gutiérrez, J., Medina, J.F.V., Garibay, A.N., Gándara, M.A.P.2014. Automated Irrigation System Using Wireless
Sensor Network and GPRS Module. IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement. 63(1), 1-11.
[7] Kait, L.K., Kai, C.Z., Khoshdelniat, R., Lim, S.M., Tat, E.H. 2007. Paddy Growth Monitoringwith Wireless Sensor
Networks. International Conference on Intelligent and Advanced Systems, IEEE, 966-970.
[8] Patil, S.S., Thorat, S.A. 2016. Early detection of grapes diseases using machine learning and IoT. Second
International Conference on Cognitive Computing and Information Processing(CCIP), IEEE, 1-5.
[9] Aitkenhead, M.J., Dalgetty, I.A., Mullins, C.E., McDonald, A.J.S., Strachan, N.J.C. 2003. Weed and crop
discrimination using image analysis and artificial intelligence methods. Computers and Electronics in Agriculture,
39(3), 157–171.
[10] Al-Ghobari, H.M., Mohammad, F.S. 2011. Intelligent irrigation performance: evaluation and quantifying its ability
for conserving water in arid region. Appl Water Sci. 1:73–8.

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ISSN (Online) 2581-9429

Iot Based Smart Irrigation System using Artificial

1.2 Challenges with Conventional Irrigation Techniques:

Copyright to IJARSCT DOI: 10.48175/IJARSCT-17623 145

1.3 The AI-Driven Approach to Precision Water Management:

II. RELATED WORKS

III. LITERATURE REVIEW

TITLE AUTHOR NAME YEAR TECHNIQUE DESCRIPTION

Copyright to IJARSCT DOI: 10.48175/IJARSCT-17623 147

IoT-Based smart N.Rahul,S. 2022 Crop A smart irrigation System

User Interface Module:

Data Flow Diagram:

Fig. 1. Data Flow Diagram

Use Case Diagram:

Fig. 2. Use case Diagram

Copyright to IJARSCT DOI: 10.48175/

Fig. 3. Soil moisture Sensor

Fig. 4. Arduino Uno

Fig. 7. Block Diagram

Step 5: Interface with relays to activate water pumps according to schedule.

Fig. 11. Test case 1

Fig. 12. Test Case 2

Fig. 10. Auto Irrigation App

Copyright to IJARSCT DOI: 10.48175/IJARSCT-17623 153

Copyright to IJARSCT DOI: 10.48175/IJARSCT-17623 154

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