Essentialism-The core values Essentialism-List of

of maka-Diyos, maka-tao. standards and competencies

maka-kalikasan and maka- that learners are expected to
bansa show that DepEd is attain is the subject matter
essentialist. DepEd believes that students are expected to
in unchanging values that learn.
need to be inculcated. - Essentialist

The Deped Mission in which In K-12 Curriculum

Students learn in a child- Framework which is making
friendly, gender-sensitive, the Curriculum Relevant to
safe, and motivating learners (Contextualization
environment shows that and Enhancement), Students
DepEd applied Perennialism needed to acquire in-
to their DepEd Mission as depthknowledge, skills,
they believes that if the values, and attitudes through
learners engage with this continuity and consistency
kind of environment, it is across all levels and subjects
possible that they become in order to bring a good
friendly and good citizen of values and characteristic to
our country in the future as their future from what they
they bring a good values that are learned in schools.
they learned in schools.

The DepEd vision in which, In RA No. 10533 Sec. 5

as a learner-centered which is Curriculum
institution, the DepEd Development, The
continuously improves itself curriculum shall be learner-
to better serve its centered, inclusive and
stakeholders shows that developmentally
DepEd is progressivism. appropriate; which it shows
DepEd believes in learners that Progressivism is applied
learning by doing as well as in this law.
if we teach what they are
interested in.

The DepEd mission in which In K-12 Curriculum

administrators and staff, as Framework which is Making

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 stewards of the institution, The Curriculum Relevant To
ensure an enabling and Learners (Contextualization
supportive environment for And Enhancement), it shows
effective learning to happen that there is an application of
shows that DepEd is Reconstructionism in which
reconstructionism. DepEd there is a discussions on the
believes teaching involves students about the issues
the students in discussion of such as Disaster Risk
moral dilemmas in order to Reduction (DRR), Climate
understand the implications Change Adaptation, and
of one's action. Information &
Communication Technology
(ICT) are included in the
enhanced curriculum.

The DepEd mission in which In the K-12 Curriculum

teachers facilitate learning Framework which is Gearing
and constantly nurture every Up For The Future (Senior
learner shows that DepEd is High School) it shows that
existentialism. DepEd there is a proof of
believes that society should Existentialism that use which
not restrict an individual's students may have a freedom
life or actions and these to choose a specialization
restrictions inhibit free will based on aptitude, interests,
and the development of that and school capacity. The
person's potential. choice of career track will
define the content of the
subjects a student will take in
Grades 11 and 12. SHS
subjects fall under either the
Core Curriculum or specific
Tracks.

The DepEd Vision in which,

enables them to realize their In K-12 Curriculum
full potential and contribute Framework which is
meaningfully to building the Making The Curriculum
nation, shows that DepEd Relevant To Learners
applied Pragmatism as they (Contextualization And
believe that teaching students Enhancement), it shows
also that there is an

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 things that are practical for
life encourages them to grow application of
into better people. Pragmatism as students
acquire in-depth
knowledge, skills, values,
and attitudes through
continuity and
consistency in order to
encourage them to grow
into better people across
in all levels.

The DepEd Core Values In RA No. 10533 Sec. 5

which is Maka-Diyos, which is Curriculum
Maka-tao, Development, there is a
Makakalikasan and proof of application of
Makabansa is the proof Rationalism in which the
that shows that DepEd curriculum shall be
applied Rationalism in relevant, responsive and
which they practicing research based as
only for believing what is students is acquired
based on reason and through reason without
provides the primary the aid of the senses.
basis for knowledge

The DepEd Vision which In RA No. 10533 Sec. 5

is We dream of Filipinos which is Curriculum
who passionately love Development, there is a
their country shows that proof of application of
DepEd also uses Utilitarianism in which
Utilitarianism which The curriculum shall be
advocates actions that culture-sensitive in which
foster happiness or the teacher 's approach
pleasure and opposes offers no sense of what
actions that cause ought to constitute an
unhappiness or harm. It education.
would aim for the
betterment of society as a
whole when directed

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 toward making social,
economic, or political
decisions.

The DepEd Vision which is

Teachers facilitate learning In RA No. 10533 Sec. 5
and constantly nurture every which is Curriculum
learner is an evidence that Development, it shows
DepEd use Empiricism that there is an
where teaching-learning of application of
the students is based on the Empiricism in which The
human senses wherein it curriculum shall use
shares the view that there is pedagogical approaches
no such thing as innate that are constructivist,
knowledge, and that instead inquiry-based, reflective,
knowledge is derived from collaborative and
experience. integrative; as teacher
involves the senses in
teaching-learning of the
students to be able to
gain knowledge.

The DepEd Vision which In RA No. 10533 Sec. 5

is Students learn in a which is Curriculum
child-friendly, gender- Development, it shows
sensitive, safe, and that there is a
motivating environment Bahaviorism by which
is one also a proof that The curriculum shall be
DepEd applied learner-centered,
Behaviorism in which the inclusive and
teacher provide a developmentally
positive reinforcement, or appropriate; we teachers
rewards at the end of the encourage students to
day for their good perform desired
behaviour. Whenever behaviour as they giving
students perform a reward for their good
desired behavior, they performance.
will learn to perform the
behavior on their own

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 The DepEd Mission In K-12 Curriculum
which is Teachers Framework, it shows that
facilitate learning and there is a Constructivism
constantly nurture every in which it encourage
learner show also that students to consider this
DepEd is using to share their valuable
Constructivism as they knowledge and
help learners to construct experiences as the
knowledge rather than learner.
just passively take in
information. As students
experience the world and
reflect upon those
experiences, it helps to
build their own
representations and
incorporate new
information into their
pre-existing knowledge.

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 A

Teaching Behavior (State what the teacher said,

taught, or did).

In what way was the teacher essentialist?

e.g. He/she saw to it that the students mastered

basic concepts and skills.

He/she inculcated values.

The teachers do not allow the interests or

experiences of the pupils to significantly
influence what they teach. They use whatever
systematic solution and tried-and-true
procedures they believe are most effective in
training the minds of the students.

My cooperating teacher believes that one learns

by doing. What my teacher did was by having
virtual field trips since students are not allowed
to go out. Teachers also stimulate students
through thought-provoking games and puzzles.

My cooperating teacher encourages students to

be the voice of others. She’s explaining to the
students that they must help the society for its
reformation.

Since existentialism talks about making decisions

this has connection to the topic of my
cooperating teacher which is consumers rights.
She teaches students that it is in their hands
whether they will report those vendors who
cheats their customers.

Since pragmatism encouraged students to apply

their knowledge into real-life situations, what my
cooperating teacher was trying to do is give
real-life dilemmas. What students will do is to
give solutions to every scenario.

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 Since rationalism aims to develop the learner's
reasoning power, what my cooperating did was
to give mathematical equations about supply
function. Supply function tackles the relationship
between the price and quantity supplied.

My cooperating teachers ask students about

things that they think will make them happy when
they talk about consumer preferences.

My cooperating teacher let the students observe

their surroundings and relate to the topic.

Every meeting I cooperate with always reminds

the students to participate and class. Every
question is equivalent to a point. In that way
students will engage to the discussion actively/

At the end of the quarter my cooperating teacher

gave a final output. What the students will do is
to create a calamity plan. What are their plans,
how they will generate funds and what agency
will they ask for help.

- The most dominant philosophy of education in the Philippines are progressivism,

existentialism and reconstructionism. Based on what I have observed in my entire
school life, students are having meaningful learning when they are actively
involved in learning activities that they have interest in. Actual and experiential
learning are important and will develop individual learner’s creativity and
imagination. Students are given the freedom to learn, to exist and find the essence
of life.

- One of the philosophies that schools and teachers should give more attention to is
Perennialism. Students should be taught that they must always value their
learning. They must not forget but instead use it as an edge to face the present
and succeed in the future.

REFLECT

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 My Philosophy of Teaching

These may be of help:

I believe that the learners are unique, with their own unique learning style and set of needs and
gifts that they bring to the classroom. As a teacher, it is my obligation to expound on their
talents and to create an environment that promotes maximum learning while also meeting each
child's unique requirements.

I believe that I should teach the learners on how to grow and learn. I'm aware that kids actively
develop and modify their own knowledge based on earlier learning and experiences by
understanding that not all pupils study in the same way or at the same pace. As a teacher, I feel
it is my obligation to effectively diagnose pupils' interests, abilities, and prior knowledge. Then I
have to devise learning activities that will both challenge and enable each learner to think and
progress.

I believe that I should fulfil my goals as a teacher. By creating a strong relationship with my
students, their parents, to people and to the community. Teachers must work with other school
stakeholders to develop and build a school culture in which students can grow while improving
their learning abilities.

SHOW Your Learning Artifacts

Accomplished Observation Sheets

Philosophies of Education Teaching Behavior (State what the

teacher said, taught, or did).

1. Essentialism-teach mastery of the basics: In what way was the teacher

curriculum is prescribed; subject matter-centered essentialist?
there are universal, objective values; inculcate
values; subject e.g. He/she saw to it that the
students mastered basic concepts
and skills.

He/she inculcated values.

2. Perennialism-teach those that last, the classics, The teachers do not allow the
there are universal values; inculcate these interests or experiences of the pupils

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 universal, objective values to significantly influence what they
teach. They use whatever systematic
solution and tried-and-true
procedures they believe are most
effective in training the minds of the
students.

3. Progressivism-very child-centered; teach those that My cooperating teacher believes

interest the child; one learns by experience, that one learns by doing. What my
learners learn by doing so teacher’s teaching is teacher did was by having virtual
experiential; values are subjective; no inculcation field trips since students are not
of values since they are subjective; instead teachers allowed to go out. Teachers also
help students clarify their values stimulate students through thought-
provoking games and puzzles.

4. Reconstructionism - school is an agent of change; My cooperating teacher encourages

schooling is preparing students for the social students to be the voice of others.
changes, teaching is involving the students in She’s explaining to the students that
discussions of moral dilemmas they must help the society for its
reformation.

5. Existentialism - Teachers teach learners to make a Since existentialism talks about

choice, to make decisions, and not merely to follow making decisions this has
the crowd; one who does not make a choice and so connection to the topic of my
simply follows others do not leave meaningful life cooperating teacher which is
consumers rights. She teaches
students that it is in their hands
whether they will report those
vendors who cheats their customers.

6. Pragmatism - That which is useful, that which is Since pragmatism encouraged

practical, and that which works is what is good; students to apply their knowledge
that which is efficient and effective is that which is into real-life situations, what my
good, e.g. showing a video clip on mitosis is more cooperating teacher was trying to do
efficient and more effective and therefore more is give real-life dilemmas. What
practical than teacher coming up with a visual aid students will do is to give solutions
by drawing mitosis on a cartolina or illustration to every scenario.
board

7. Rationalism - emphasizes the development of the Since rationalism aims to develop

learners' reasoning powers; knowledge comes the learner's reasoning power, what

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 through reason; a teacher must develop the my cooperating did was to give
reasoning power of the learner mathematical equations about
supply function. Supply function
tackles the relationship between the
price and quantity supplied.

8. Utilitarianism - what is good is that which is most My cooperating teachers ask

useful (that which brings happiness) to the greatest students about things that they think
number of peoples; will make them happy when they talk
about consumer preferences.

9. Empiricism - the source of knowledge is through My cooperating teacher let the

the senses; a teacher must involve the senses in students observe their surroundings
teaching-learning and relate to the topic.

10. Behaviorism-behavior is shaped deliberately by Every meeting I cooperate with

forces in the environment and that the type of always reminds the students to
person and actions desired can be the product of participate and class. Every
design, behavior is determined by others, rather question is equivalent to a point. In
than by person's own free will; the teacher must that way students will engage to the
carefully shape desirable behavior, drills are discussion actively/
commonly used to enhance learning, rewards
reinforce learning.

11. Constructivism- learners are capable of At the end of the quarter my

constructing knowledge and meaning: teaching- cooperating teacher gave a final
learning, therefore, is constructing knowledge and output. What the students will do is
meaning: teacher does not just "tell" or dictate but to create a calamity plan. What are
asks learners for the knowledge they construct and their plans, how they will generate
meaning of the lesson funds and what agency will they ask
for help.

12. Other Philosophies

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