Forced Convection Sample Problems

CONVECTION FORCE PROBLEMS:
1. Oxygen at a pressure of 2 atm and 27 ° C blows across a 50 cm square plate at a velocity of 30

m/s. The plate temperature is maintained constant at 127°C. Calculate the total heat lost by
plate.
a. Determine the conditions:
- Geometry
- Regine flow
b. Select the appropriate equation
c. Evaluate to find what is asked
50 cm
Flat plate (isothermal)
Forced convection (oxygen is blown)

o2 50 cm
Film temperature:
Te+Ts
Tf =
2
127+27
Tf = o
Tf =77 C ≈ 350.15 K
2
X = 50 cm
V= 30 m/s
( x ) ( ρf ) (γ )
Ts= 127° C (material) N Rex =
μf
P= 2 atm
Te= 27°C (stream)
Thermodynamics Properties of Oxygen
Table 2-245-8th ed; Table 2-122-9th ed
Single Phase Properties at 350.15 K and 2 atm (0.20 M ρa )
Double Interpolation will be done
300 0.10 350.15K,0.10, ρ = 0.036087; μ=23.1179
500 0.10 Cρ=932.9533 ; k =0.02650

Check the values
300 1.0 350.15K,1MPa, ρ=0.36243 μ=23.993
500 1.0 Cρ=944.5708 ; k =0.0305

SOLUTION:
kg −5
ρ f =2.3459 3
; μf =2.3139 ×10 Pa∙ s
m
kg m
0.5 m(2.3459 )(30 )
m
3
s
N Rex = −5
2.3139 ×10 Pa∙ s
6
N Rex =1.520 ×10 (turbulent)
Chapter 5, Eq 5-51 to 5-67 – 9th Ed
[ ( )]
0.8
1 /2 0.8 0.43 Recr hx
N ux =0.664 Recr Pr + 0.036 Rex Pr 1− =
Rex k
J
C pf =934.2783
kg
Recr−given∈Perr y ' s=5 ×105 ( Rex< 3× 107 ,∧0.7 < Pr< 400 )
( 934.2783 ) ( 2.3139 ×10−5 )

Prf =(Cprμ
k f
= ) 0.0270
=0.8007
[ ( ) ]
0.8
1/ 2 0.8 5 × 105
N ux =0.664 ( 5 × 105 ) ( 0.8007 )1/ 3 +0.036 ( 1.5208 ×106 ) ( 0.8007 )0.43 1−
1.520 × 106
hx h ( 0.5 )
N ux =2136.8384= = h=115.389 w /m2 ∙ k
k 0.0270
Q=Ah(Ts-Te)
=(0.5)^2(115.389 W/m2.K)(127-27)
Q= 2884.73
2. Air flows parallel to the sides of a house at -20° C with a speed of 12 km/hr. The size of the
surface is 4m×3m the flow being along the 4m side. The wall surface is at 20°C. Determine the
heat loss to air from the wall.
a. Determine the conditions:
- Geometry
- Regine flow
b. Select the appropriate equation
c. Evaluate to find what is asked
Flat plate (isothermal)
3m *saturated air
Assume since no pressure
* P = 1atm = 0.101325
air
If saturated, we should find 273.15 k in Perry.
If not, use 1 atm in perrys

4m
Ts = 20°C
Te= -20°C
( x ) ( ρf ) (γ )
Tf=(20-20)/2=0C = 273.15K N Rex =
μf
γ = 12 km/hr
A= 4m (3m) = 12m 2
Thermodynamic Properties of Air (Table 2-110 for 9th Ed; 2-187 for 8th Ed)
Using double interpolation
0.10 MPa , 273.15 K ; ρ=0.051209 ; μ=17.0025 ; Cp=0.02928 ; k=24.1132

1 MPa ,273.15 K ; ρ=0.5394 ; μ=17.1736 ; Cp=0.03167 ; k =24.6246
SOLUTION:
kg −5
ρ f =1.4976 3
; μf =1.7003 ×10 Pa∙ s
m
N Rex =
( x ) ( ρf ) (γ )
=
( 4 m ) ( 1.4976 kg/m3 ) ( 12 km/hr ) ( 1 km )(
1000 m 1 hr
3600 s )
μf 1.7003 ×10 Pa ∙ s
−5
N Rex =1174380.992(turbulent )
[ ( )]
0.8
1 /2 1 /3 0.8 0.43 Recr
N ux =0.664 Recr Pr +0.036 Rex Pr 1−
Rex
NP rf = ( ∁ kρμ ) ; Recr=5 ×10 5
J
C pf =1015.37
kg ∙ K
w
K f =0.0241
m∙ K
( 1015.3786 ) ( 1.7003 ×10−5 )

N Pr= =0.7160
0.0241
5 1/ 2
N ux =0.664 ( 5× 10 ) ( 0.7160 ) + 0.036 ( 1174380.992 ) ( 0.7160 )
1/ 3 0.8 0.43
[ 1− ( 0.4258 )0.8 ]
hx h ( 4 m )
N ux =1527.5034= =
k 0.0241
2
h=9.2032 w /m ∙ K
q= Ah ( Ts−Te )
¿ ( 4 ) ( 3 m )( 9.2032 ) ( 20 ° C−−20 ° C )
q=4417.5398W
3. Liquid water is to be heated from 60°F to 120°F in a smooth tube. The tube has an electrical heat
supplied that provides a constant heat flux such that the tube wall temperature is always 30°F
above the water bulk temperature. The Reynolds number used for calculating the heat-transfer
coefficient is 100,000. Calculate the length of tube required for heating, expressed in meters, if
the tube has diameter of 0.5 cm.
Smooth pipe (cylindrical)
Turbulent
Ti= 60°F To= 120°F

Ts= 30°F to Tb
Ts= 30+90= 120°F
N ℜ=100,000
Diameter =0.5 cm q= Ah(Ts−Te)

Ti+¿ 60+120
Tb= = =90° F ṁ C Pb ∆T = Ah(Ts−Te)
2 2
N UD =
( 2)
f
(R ED −1000 ) ( Pr )
K −2
f =0.25 ( ln R ED −1.64 ) 2300< R ED <10
6
( 2f )
1 /2
1+12.7 ( Pr 2/ 3 )
( )
0.11
P −2
K= bp ( 0.05< P rd /Prs <20 ) f =0.25 ( 0.790 ln ( 1× 10 )−1.64 )
5
Prs
Prb= ( CK ) ; P =¿ ( CK )
pμ
D
rs
pμ
S
f =4.498× 10
−3
Thermodynamic Properties Table 2-135Perry’s 9th Ed

T b=305.3722 K T s=322.0389 K
@ Sat liquid @ Sat liquid

J J
C Pb=4183.6685 C Ps=4184.9121
kg ∙ K kg ∙ K
−4 −4
μb =7.6772× 10 Pa∙ s μs =5.5917 ×10 Pa ∙ s
w w
K b =0.6188 K s =0.6420
m∙K m∙ K
( 4183.6685 ) ( 7.6772 ×10−4 ) ( 4184.9121 ) ( 5.5917 ×10−4 )

Prb= Prs =
0.6188 0.6420
Prb=5.9905 Prs =3.6450
P rb 5.1905
= =1.4240
Prs 3.6450
( )
0.11
5.1905
K= =1.0396
3.6450
( )[ ( 100,000−1000) ( 5.1905) ] ( 1.0396 )

−3
10
4.498 ×
2
N UD =
1+12.7 ( ) (5.1905 −1)
−3 1 /2
4.498 × 10 2/ 3
2
¿ 545.3012=
hD
=
h ( 100
0.5
)m
k 0.6188 w /m∙ k
2
h=67486.5504 w /m ∙ k

Forced Convection Sample Problems

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CONVECTION FORCE PROBLEMS:

1. Oxygen at a pressure of 2 atm and 27 ° C blows across a 50 cm square plate at a velocity of 30

Forced convection (oxygen is blown)

Te= 27°C (stream)

Thermodynamics Properties of Oxygen

Table 2-245-8th ed; Table 2-122-9th ed

Single Phase Properties at 350.15 K and 2 atm (0.20 M ρa )

Double Interpolation will be done

300 0.10 350.15K,0.10, ρ = 0.036087; μ=23.1179

500 0.10 Cρ=932.9533 ; k =0.02650

500 1.0 Cρ=944.5708 ; k =0.0305

( 934.2783 ) ( 2.3139 ×10−5 )

Flat plate (isothermal)

If not, use 1 atm in perrys

Using double interpolation

0.10 MPa , 273.15 K ; ρ=0.051209 ; μ=17.0025 ; Cp=0.02928 ; k=24.1132

NP rf = ( ∁ kρμ ) ; Recr=5 ×10 5

( 1015.3786 ) ( 1.7003 ×10−5 )

Smooth pipe (cylindrical)

Ti= 60°F To= 120°F

Ts= 30+90= 120°F

Diameter =0.5 cm q= Ah(Ts−Te)

Thermodynamic Properties Table 2-135Perry’s 9th Ed

@ Sat liquid @ Sat liquid

( 4183.6685 ) ( 7.6772 ×10−4 ) ( 4184.9121 ) ( 5.5917 ×10−4 )

Prb=5.9905 Prs =3.6450

( )[ ( 100,000−1000) ( 5.1905) ] ( 1.0396 )

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