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    Diffraction Grating

    Uploaded by

    lfcamani

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Diffraction Grating

    Uploaded by

    lfcamani
    1 views10 pages

    Original Title

    DIFFRACTION GRATING

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    © © All Rights Reserved

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    Copyright:

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    1 views10 pages

    Diffraction Grating

    Uploaded by

    lfcamani

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 10

    DIFFRACTION GRATING

    MEASURING THE WAVELENGHT OF MURCURY LIGHT BY DIFFARACTION


    GRATING
    Objectives:

    1- Verify the grating diffraction.

    2- Determine the wavelengths of light that emitted by the


    mercury vapor lamp by using a diffraction grating.
    Diffraction Grating
    A diffraction grating is an optical device made by ruling (or
    holographic laser interference) a large number of evenly spaced
    lines on a glass or metal surface fig2. With this device it is
    possible to measure the wavelength of light because of a physical
    phenomenon known as constructive interference
    m ! = " sin (θ)

    where: " is the distance between two adjacent lines on


    the grating. Also, d=1/n where n is the number of lines
    per nm λ is the wavelength of the light ray. m = 0, 1, 2
    … specifies the order of the spectrum
    Diffraction Grating Type

    1. Reflection grating: The beam will split in the same side


    2. transmission grating: The beam will split in the opposite side
    Applications of Diffraction Gratings
    § Diffraction gratings are commonly used for spectroscopic
    dispersion and analysis of light.
    § The tracks of a compact disc act as a diffraction grating,
    producing a separation of the colors of white light.
    § in optical fiber technologies where fibers are designed to
    provide optimum performance at specific wavelengths. A range
    of diffraction gratings are available for selecting wavelengths
    for such use.
    Spectrometer
    The spectrometer consists of a collimator
    which is mounted on the rigid arm, and a
    telescope mounted on the rotatable arm
    which can rotate in a horizontal plane
    about the axis of the instrument. A prism
    table of adjustable height is mounted
    along the axis of rotation of the telescope.
    A circular scale-and-Vernier arrangement
    is provided to enable measurement of the
    angle through which the telescope arm or
    the prism table is rotated.
    Apparatus:
    1.Source of Light (Mercury Vapor Lamp) : This source gives a well-
    defined line spectrum arising from interstate electronic transitions taking place
    in the excited mercury atoms .

    2. Spectrometer

    3. Diffraction Grating
    Procedure
    1. Ensure that the mercury lamp has been turned on for at least 5 minutes before
    performing the measurement.
    2. Ensure that the light entering through the slit and make the slit plate as narrow as
    possible.
    3. align the telescope unit, so that the cross hair inside the telescope tube lies at the
    center of the slit. At this position, the collimator and the telescope are in a straight line.
    4. Place the diffraction grating at the center of the spectrometer table so that the surface
    of the diffraction grating is approximately perpendicular to the collimator
    5. Place the vertical cross-hair directly on top the slit and record the angle of zero
    diffraction θ0.
    6. In order to measure an angle θ for a spectrum line (a particular wavelength), swing
    the telescope slowly until the spectrum line lies on the cross hairs.
    7. Read the angle and subtract the zero angle to determine the angle of diffraction θ
    8. Do the same for spectrum line in the other side, then find the average (for the same
    color)
    9. Calculate the wavelength from the grating equation m ! = " sin (θ)

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