THERAPEUTIC

MODALITIES
 THERAPEUTIC MODALITIES
TOS BASED QUESTIONS

1. Explain, apply, and critique the rehabilitation and reformation

programs of the BJMP, Provincial Jails, BUCOR, and other similar facilities.
(6 QUESTIONS)

2. Explain, apply, and critique the re-integration programs of the PDLs of

BJMP, Provincial Jails, BUCOR, and other similar facilities to the community,
and the relevant community policies and laws on former PDLs. (6
QUESTIONS)

3. Critique and design rehabilitation programs, reintegration programs, and

promotion of human rights programs among the PDLs across all institutions.
(8 QUESTIONS)
HUMAN RIGHTS
 HUMAN RIGHTS

Those rights which are inherent in our nature and

without which, we cannot live as human beings.

It allows us to develop and use our human qualities,

intelligence, talents and conscience and to satisfy
our spiritual and other needs.
 CHARACTERISTICS OF HUMAN RIGHTS

ØINHERENT (LIKAS) - not granted by any person or authority

ØFUNDAMENTAL - without them, the life and dignity of man will be meaningless
ØINALIENABLE (HINDI MAIAALIS) - cannot be rightfully taken away from a
free individual. Cannot be given away or be forfeited.
ØIMPRESCRIPTIBLE - cannot be lost even if man fails to use or assert them,
even by a long passage of time.
ØSection 6. Art 3 PH CONSTI
The liberty of abode and of changing the same within the limits prescribed by law
shall not be impaired except upon lawful order of the court. Neither shall the right
to travel be impaired except in the interest of national security, public safety, or
public health, as may be provided by law.
 CHARACTERISTICS OF HUMAN RIGHTS

• INDIVISIBLE (HINDI NAHAHATI) - Not capable of being

divided. Cannot be denied even when other rights have already
been enjoyed.
• UNIVERSAL (PANGKALAHATAN)- It applies irrespective of
one's origin, status, or condition or place where one lives. Rights can
be enforced without national border.
• INTERDEPENDENT (MAGKAKAUGNAY) - The fulfillment
or exercise of one cannot be had without the realization of the
other.
 CHARACTERISTICS OF HUMAN RIGHTS

1. Natural Rights - God-given rights, acknowledged by

everybody to be morally good. Unwritten, but prevail as
norms of the society.

2. Constitutional Rights - Conferred and protected by

the constitution and which cannot be modified or taken
away by the law-making body.

3. Statutory Rights - Those rights which are provided

by law promulgated by the law-making body. May be
abolished by the body that created them
 SOURCES AND FOUNDATIONS OF
HUMAN RIGHTS LAW

ØThe 1987 Constitution The Constitution itself is a source, and

not only the Bill of Rights.
ØInternational Bill of Rights
ØUniversal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR)
ØInternational Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR)
RIGHTS OF PERSON UNDER
CUSTODIAL INVESTIGATION
 CUSTODIAL INVESTIGATION

Includes the practice of issuing an invitation to a person. Who is investigated in

connection with an offense he is suspected to have committed.

Police officers would call the person to go with them to the police station to
answer a few questions about a related case they are investigating. Most
importantly, RA 7438 clearly says to observe the rights even during an
investigation. This is a must.
 RIGHTS OF PERSON UNDER
CUSTODIAL INVESTIGATION

Section 12, Article III of the 1987 Constitution

The right to be informed of his rights
Ø The right to remain silent and to be reminded that anything he says can and will be used
against him
Ø The right to an attorney or to counsel, preferably of his own choice; if not, one will be
provided for him
Miranda Warning
A brief history: Ernesto Miranda was arrested in Arizona in 1963, the case went to trial and the
prosecution built their case entirely on his confession to the two police officers during his
interrogation. However, the suspect had not been warned that anything he said could be used against
him as evidence in court; consequently, anything he had said was excluded from trial. Miranda was then
retried and convicted, and the U.S. Supreme Court ruled that in the future all suspects must be aware
of their rights by being read the Miranda Warning
 RIGHTS OF PERSON UNDER
CUSTODIAL INVESTIGATION

Rights against torture, force, violence, threat, intimidation or

any other means which may vitiate the free will of the person

Right against secret detention places, solitary, incommunicado, or

other similar forms of detention
 REPUBLIC ACT NO. 7438
AN ACT DEFINING CERTAIN RIGHTS OF PERSON ARRESTED,
DETAINED OR UNDER CUSTODIAL INVESTIGATION AS WELL AS THE
DUTIES OF THE ARRESTING, DETAININGAND INVESTIGATING
OFFICERS, AND PROVIDEING PENALTIES FOR VIOLATIONS THEREOF

Section 2. Rights of Persons Arrested, Detained or Under Custodial Investigation;

Duties of Public Officers.-
a. Any person arrested detained or under custodial investigation shall at all times be
assisted by counsel. (independent and competent counsel)
b. Any public officer or employee, or anyone acting under his order or his place, who arrests,
detains or investigates any person for the commission of an offense shall inform the latter, in
language known to and understood by him, of his rights to remain silent and to have
competent and independent counsel, preferably of his own choice, who shall at all times be
allowed to confer privately with the person arrested, detained or under custodial investigation. If
such person cannot afford the services of his own counsel, he must be provided with a
competent and independent counsel by the investigating officer.
 REPUBLIC ACT NO. 7438

c. The custodial investigation report shall be reduced to writing by the investigating officer,
provided that before such report is signed, or thumb marked if the person arrested or
detained does not know how to read and write, it shall be read and adequately explained to
him by his counsel or by the assisting counsel provided by the investigating officer in the language or
dialect known to such arrested or detained person, otherwise, such investigation report shall be
null and void and of no effect whatsoever.

d. Any extrajudicial confession made by a person arrested, detained or under custodial

investigation shall be in writing and signed by such person in the presence of his counsel
or in latter's absence, upon a valid waiver, and in the presence of any of any of the parents, elder
brothers and sisters, his spouse, the municipal mayor, the municipal judge, district school supervisor,
or priest or minister of the gospel as chosen by him; otherwise, such extrajudicial confession
shall be inadmissible as evidence in any proceeding.
 REPUBLIC ACT NO. 7438

e. Any waiver by a person arrested or detained under provisions of Article

125 (12,18,36) of the Revised Penal Code, or under custodial investigation,
shall be in writing and signed by such person in the presence of his
counsel; otherwise, the waiver shall be null and void and of no effect.

In every case, the person detained shall be informed of the cause of his detention
and shall be allowed, upon his request, to communicate and confer at any time with
his attorney or counsel.
 REPUBLIC ACT NO. 7438

• f. Anyperson arrested or detained or under custodial investigation shall be

allowed visits by or conferences with any member of his
immediate family, or any medical doctor or priest or religious
minister chosen by him or by any member of his immediate family or by his
counsel, or by any national non-governmental organization duly
accredited by the Commission on Human rights of by any
international non-governmental organization duly accredited by
the Office of the President. The person’s “immediate family” shall
include his or her spouse, fiancé or fiancée, parent or child,
brother or sister, grandparent or grandchild, uncle or aunt,
nephew or niece, and guardian or ward.
 THE UNITED NATIONS STANDARD
MINIMUM RULES FOR THE
TREATMENT OF PRISONERS
(THE NELSON MANDELA RULES)
 THE UNITED NATIONS STANDARD
MINIMUM RULES FOR THE
TREATMENT OF PRISONERS
(THE NELSON MANDELA RULES)

These rules represent an updated blueprint for prison management

in the 21st century which upholds and promotes prisoners' dignity.
As a tribute to the late South African President's own experience of 27
years of imprisonment in the course of his long struggle for global
human rights, equality, democracy and a culture of peace, the UNGA
named the revised rules the Nelson Mandela Rules.
 THE UNITED NATIONS STANDARD MINIMUM
RULES FOR THE TREATMENT OF PRISONERS
(THE NELSON MANDELA RULES)

RULES OF GENERAL APPLICATION

Rule 1 All prisoners shall be treated with the respect due to the
inherent dignity and v alue as human beings. No prisoner shall be
subjected to, and all prisoners shall be protected from, torture and
other cruel, inhumane or degrading treatment or punishment,
for which no circumstances whatsoever may be invoked as a justification.
The safety and security of prisoners, staff, service providers and
visitors shall be ensured at all times.
 THE NELSON MANDELA RULES

RULES OF GENERAL APPLICATION

Rule 2 The present rules shall be applied impartially.
Rule 3 Imprisonment and other measures that result in cutting off persons from
outside world are afflictive by the very fact of taking from these persons the
right of self- determination by depriving them of their liberty.
Rule 4 The purposes of a sentence of imprisonment or similar measures
deprivative of person's liberty are primarily to protect society against crime
and to reduce recidivism.
Rule 5 The prison regime should seek to minimize any differences between
prison life and life at liberty that tend to lessen the responsibility of the
prisoners or the respect due to their dignity as human beings.
 THE NELSON MANDELA RULES

PRISONER FILE MANAGEMENT

Rule 6 There shall be a standardized prisoner file management system in
every place where persons are imprisoned.

Rule 7 No person shall be received in a prison without any valid

commitment order.

Rule 8 Prisoner’s personal information shall be entered in the prisoner file

management system in the course of imprisonment.
 THE NELSON MANDELA
RULES
PRISONER FILE MANAGEMENT
Rule 9 All records referred to in rules 7 and 8 shall be kept confidential
and made available only to those whose professional responsibilities
require access to such records.

Rule 10 prisoner file management systems shall be used to generate

reliable data about trends relating to and characteristics of the prison
population, including occupancy rates, in order to create a basis for
evidence-based decision making.
 THE NELSON MANDELA
RULES
SEPARATION OF CATEGORIES
Rule 11 The different categories of prisoners shall be kept in separate
institutions, taking account of their sex, age, criminal record, the legal
reason for their detention and the necessities of their treatment.

DETAINEE /// PRISONERS

MALE///FEMALE
YOUTH///ADULT
 THE NELSON MANDELA RULES

ACCOMMODATION
Rule 12 Where sleeping accommodation is in individual cells or rooms, each
prisoner shall occupy by night cell or room by himself or herself. If for special
reasons, such as temporary overcrowding, it becomes necessary for the central
prison administration to make an exception to this rule, it is not desirable
to have two prisoners in a cell or room.
Rule 13 All accommodation provided for the use of prisoners and in particular all
sleeping accommodation shall meet all requirements of health, due regard being
paid to climatic conditions and particularly to cubic content of air, minimum floor
space, lighting, heating and ventilation.
 THE NELSON MANDELA RULES

ACCOMMODATION
Rule 14 In all places where prisoners are required to live or work:

(a) The windows shall be large enough to enable the prisoners to read and
work by natural light and shall be so constructed that they can allow the entrance
of fresh air whether or not there is artificial ventilation;
(b) Artificial light shall be provided sufficient for the prisoners to read or work
without injury to eyesight.

Rule 15 The sanitary installations shall be adequate to enable every prisoner to comply
with the needs of nature when necessary and in a clean and decent manner.
 THE NELSON MANDELA RULES

ACCOMMODATION
Rule 16 Adequate bathing and shower installations shall be provided so that every
prisoner can, and may be required to, have a bath shower, at a temperature suitable to the
climate, as frequently as necessary for general hygiene according to season and
geographical region, but at least once a week in a temperate climate.

Rule 17 All parts of a prison regularly used by prisoners shall be properly maintained
and kept scrupulously clean at all times.

PERSONAL HYGIENE
Rule 18 Prisoners shall be required to keep their persons clean, and to this end they
shall be provided with water and with such toilet articles as are necessary for health
and cleanliness
 THE NELSON MANDELA RULES

CLOTHING AND BEDDING

Rule 19 Every prisoner who is not allowed to wear his/her own clothing shall be provided
with an outfit of clothing suitable for the climate and adequate to keep him or her in good
health. Such clothing shall in no manner be degrading or humiliating.

Rule 20 If prisoners are allowed to wear their own clothing, arrangements shall be made on
their admission to the prison to ensure that it shall be clean and fit for use.

Rule 21 Every prisoner shall, in accordance with local or national standards, be provided with a
separate bed and with separate and sufficient bedding which shall be clean when issued,
kept in good order and changed often enough to ensure its cleanliness.
 THE NELSON MANDELA RULES

FOOD
Rule 22
1. Every prisoners shall be provided by the prison administration at the usual hours
with food of nutritional value adequate for health and strength, of
wholesome quality and well prepared and served.

2. Drinking water shall be available to every prisoner whenever he or she needs

it. (human body can last weeks without food, but only days without water) (The body is made up of
50-75% water. Water forms the basis of blood, digestive juices, urine and perspiration, and is contained
in lean muscle, fat and bones.)

PHP 70/DAY allowance

 THE NELSON MANDELA RULES

EXERCISE AND SPORT

Rule 23
Every prisoner who is not employed in outdoor work shall have
at least one hour of suitable exercise in the open air daily if
the weather permits.
Young prisoners, and others suitable age and physique, shall
receive physical and recreational training during the period
of exercise. To this end, space, installations and equipment should be
provided.
 THE NELSON MANDELA RULES

HEALTH-CARE SERVICES
Rule 24 The provision of health care for prisoners is a State
responsibility. Prisoners should enjoy the same standards of
health care that are available in the community, and should
have access to necessary health-care services free of charge
without discrimination on the grounds of their legal status.
 THE NELSON MANDELA RULES

RESTRICTIONS, DISCIPLINE AND SANCTIONS

Rule 36 Discipline and order shall be maintained with no

more restriction than is necessary to ensure safe
custody, the secure operation of the prison and a well
ordered community life.
 THE NELSON MANDELA RULES

INSTRUMENTS OF RESTRAINTS
Rule 47 The use of chains, irons or other instruments of
restraint which are inherently degrading or painful shall be
prohibited.
 THE NELSON MANDELA RULES

SEARCHES OF PRISONERS AND CELLS

Rule 50 The laws and regulations governing searches of prisoners
and cells shall be in accordance with obligations under
international law and shall take into account international standards
and norms, keeping in mind the need to ensure security in the prison.
Searches shall be conducted in a manner that is respectful of
the inherent human dignity and privacy of the individual being
searched, as well as the principles of proportionality, legality and
necessity.
 THE NELSON MANDELA RULES

CONTACT WITH OUTSIDE WORLD

Rule 58
Prisoners shall be allowed, under necessary supervision, to communicate
with their family and friends at regular intervals; (actually keeps them
sane)
(90 days/5 minutes of telephone call)
a. By corresponding in writing and using, where available, telecommunication,
electronic, digital and other means; and
b. By receiving visits
 THE NELSON MANDELA RULES

BOOKS
Rule 64 Every prison shall have a library for the use of all
categories of prisoners, adequately stocked with both recreational
and instructional books, and prisoners shall be encouraged to
make full use of it.
 THE NELSON MANDELA RULES

RELIGION

Rule 65 If the prison contains a sufficient number of prisoners

of the same religion, a qualified representative of that
religion shall be appointed or approved. If the number of
prisoners justifies it and conditions permit, the arrangement
should be on a full-time basis.
 THE NELSON MANDELA
RULES
RETENTION OF PRISONERS’ PROPERTY

Rule 67 All money, valuables, clothing and other effects

belonging to a prisoner which he or she is not allowed to
retain under the prison regulations shall on his or her
admission to the prison be placed in safe custody. An
inventory thereof shall be signed by the prisoner. Steps shall be
taken to keep them in good condition.
 THE NELSON MANDELA RULES

NOTIFICATIONS
Rule 68 Every prisoner shall have the right and shall be
given the ability and means, to inform immediately
his or her family, or any other person designated as a
contact person, about his or her imprisonment, about
his or her transfer to another institution and
about any serious illness or injury.
 THE NELSON MANDELA RULES

INVESTIGATIONS

Rule 71 Notwithstanding the initiation of an internal investigation, the

prison director shall report, without delay, any custodial
death, disappearance or serious injury to a judicial or other
competent authority that is independent of the prison
administration and mandated to conduct prompt, impartial
and effective investigations into the circumstances and causes of
such cases. The prison administration shall fully cooperate
with that authority and ensure that all evidence is preserved.
 THE NELSON MANDELA RULES

REMOVAL OF PRISONERS
Rule 73
1. When prisoners are being removed to or from an institution they shall be
exposed to public view as little as possible and proper safeguards shall be
adopted to protect them from insult, curiosity and publicity in any form.
2. The transport of prisoners in conveyances with inadequate ventilation or light, or
in any which would subject them to unnecessary physical hardship, shall be
prohibited.
3. The transport of prisoners shall be carried out at the expense of the prison
administration and equal conditions shall apply to all of them.
 THE NELSON MANDELA RULES

INSTITUTIONAL PERSONNEL

Rule 74 The prison administration shall provide for the

careful selection of every grade of the personnel,
since it is on their integrity, humanity, professional capacity
and personal suitability for the work that the proper
administration of prison depends.
 THE NELSON MANDELA RULES

INTERNAL AND EXTERNAL INSPECTIONS

Rule 83
1. There shall be a twofold system for regular inspections of
prisons and penal services.
a. Internal or administrative inspections conducted by the
central prison administration;
b. External inspections conducted by a body independent of the
prison administration, which may include competent international or
regional bodies.
 THE NELSON MANDELA RULES

INTERNAL AND EXTERNAL INSPECTIONS

2. In both cases, the objective of the inspections shall be to
ensure that prisons are managed in accordance with existing
laws, regulations, policies and procedures, with a view to bringing
about the objectives of penal and corrections services, and that the
rights of prisoners are protected.
 THE NELSON MANDELA RULES

TREATMENT

Rule 91 The treatment of persons sentenced to imprisonment or a

similar measure shall have as its purpose, so far as the length of the
sentence permits, to establish in them the will to lead law-
abiding and self-supporting lives after their release and to fit
them to do so. The treatment shall be such as will encourage their
self-respect and develop their sense of responsibility.
 THE NELSON MANDELA RULES

CLASSIFICATION AND INDIVIDUALIZATION

Rule 93
1. The purpose of classification shall be:
a. To separate from others those prisoners who, by reason of their criminal
records or characters, are likely to exercise a bad influence;
b. To divide the prisoners into classes in order to facilitate their treatment
with a view to their social rehabilitation.
2. So far as possible, separate prisons or separate sections of a prison shall be
used for the treatment of different classes of prisoners.
 THE NELSON MANDELA RULES

PRIVILEGES

Rule 95 Systems of privileges appropriate for the different

classes of prisoners and the different methods of treatment
shall be established at every prison, in order to encourage
good conduct, develop a sense of responsibility and secure
the interest and cooperation of prisoners in their treatment.
 THE NELSON MANDELA RULES

WORK
Rule 96 Sentenced prisoners shall have the opportunity to work
and or to actively participate in their rehabilitation, subject to a
determination of physical and mental fitness by a physician or other
qualified health-care professionals.
 THE NELSON MANDELA RULES

EDUCATION AND RECREATION

Rule 104 Provision shall be made for the further education of the
prisoners capable of profiting thereby, including religious
instruction in the countries where this is possible. The education of
illiterate prisoners and of young prisoners shall be
compulsory and special attention shall be paid to it by the prison
administration.
 THE NELSON MANDELA RULES

PRISONERS WITH MENTAL DISABILITIES AND/OR

HEALTH CONDITIONS
Rule 109 Persons who are found to be not criminally
responsible or who are later diagnosed with severe mental
disabilities and/ or health conditions, for whom staying in
prison would mean an exacerbation of their condition,
shall not be detained in prisons, and arrangements
shall be made to transfer them to mental health
facilities as soon as possible.
 THE NELSON MANDELA RULES

PRISONERS UNDER ARREST OR AWAITING TRIAL

Rule 111
1. Persons arrested or imprisoned by reason of a criminal charge
against them, who are detained either in police custody or in prison
custody (jail) but have not yet been tried and sentenced, will be referred
to as “untried prisoners” hereinafter in these rules.
2. The unconvict prisoners are presumed to be innocent and shall
be treated as such.
 HUMAN RIGHTS VIOLATIONS

The Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR)

was established in response to the atrocities during WWII,
including the Holocaust.
The document outlines the human rights that all people are
entitled to such freedom from torture, freedom of expression,
and the right to seek asylum.
 DEFINITION AND TYPES OF HUMAN
RIGHTS VIOLATIONS

A state commits human rights violations either Directly (commission) or

Indirectly (omission) Intentionally or as result of failing to prevent the violation

EXAMPLES OF HUMAN RIGHTS VIOLATIONS

Civil and Political Rights
(genocide, torture, arbitrary arrest
Economic, Social, and Cultural Rights
(right to education, right to work, right to health)
 VICTIMS COMPENSATION PROGRAM

What is the law creating the Board of Claims?

Republic Act no. 7309 is the law creating the board of claims
under the Department of Justice granting compensation for
victims of unjust imprisonment or detention and victims of violent
crimes.
WHO MAY APPLY FOR COMPENSATION?

1.A person who was unjustly accused convict e d a n d

imprisoned and subsequently released by virtue of a judgement of
acquittal;
2.A person who was unjustly detained and released without
being charged;
3.A person who is a victim of arbitrary detention by the
authorities as defined in the Revised Penal Code under a final
judgment of the court; or
4.A person who is a victim of violent crime which includes rape
in offences committed with malice which resulted in death
or serious physical and/or psychological injuries, permanent
incapacity or disability, insanity, abortion, serious trauma, or
committed with torture, cruelty, or barbarity.
 WHEN SHOULD A CLAIM BE FILED?

The claim should be filed with the Board by the person entitled to
compensation under this Act within six months after being released
from imprisonment or detention or from the date he suffered
damage or injury, Otherwise he is deemed to have waived his claim.
 HOW IS A CLAIM FILED?

A claimant may file a claim with the board by filling up an

application form provided for the purpose with the
Secretariat of the Board of Claims, Department of
Justice. Thereafter, he will be interviewed, and he will be duly
notified of the action taken by the Board.
 HOW MUCH IS GIVEN TO A QUALIFIED
APPLICANT?

1. For the victims of unjust imprisonment, the compensation shall be

based on the number of months of imprisonment and every fraction
thereof shall be considered one month, but in no case shall such
compensation exceed one thousand pesos (Php1,000.00) per month.
2.In all other cases the maximum for which the Board may approved a claim
shall not exceed ten thousand pesos (Php10,000.00) or the amount
necessary to reimburse the claimant the expenses incurred for hospitalization,
medical treatment, loss of wage, loss of support or other expenses directly
related to the injury whichever is lower to be determined by the Board.
 MAY THE DECISION OF THE BOARD
OF CLAIMS BE APPEALED?

• Yes, Section 8 provides that “Any aggrieved claimant may appeal,

within fifteen (15) days from receipt of the resolution of
the Board to the Secretary of Justice whose decision shall
be final and executory.”
 RESTORATIVE JUSTICE

Restorative Justice is a process through which remorseful

offenders accept responsibility for their misconduct,
particularly to their victims and to the community.

It creates obligation to make things right through proactive

involvement of victims, ownership of the offender of the crime
and the community in search for solutions which promote
repair, reconciliation, and reassurance.
 RESTORATIVE JUSTICE

Thus, the restorative justice process is actively

participated in by the victim, the offender, and/or any
individual or community member affected by the crime
to resolve conflicts resulting from the criminal offense,
often with the help of a fair and impartial third party.
 OUTCOMES OR INTERVENTIONS WHICH C AN BE
AGREED UPON DURING THE RESTORATIVE JUSTICE
PROCESS?

A. Counseling (whether individual, group or family)

B. Attendance to trainings, seminars and lectures
C. Participation in education, vocation or life skills program
D. Group Therapy Session
E. Spiritual development session/faith-based session
F. Submission to psychological/psychiatric assessment
G. Submission to drug test/drug dependency examination
H. Attendance to skills training/livelihood assistance program
I. Marital enhancement program
J. Written or oral apology
K. Submission to family therapy session
L. Confinement in Drug Treatment Rehabilitation Center Including Aftercare
 GOALS OF CRIMINAL SENTENCING

RETRIBUTION
INCAPACITATION
DETERRENCE
REHABILITAION
RESTORATION
 DIFFERENT
THERAPEUTIC &
TREATMENT
MODELS
 MODALITIES IN THE TREATMENT OF
OFFENDERS IN THE PHILIPPINES

Like many countries, the correctional

system in the Philippines has both and
institution-based and a community-
based component. It also has separate
treatment systems for youth offenders
and adult offenders. The custodial care
of adult offenders is handled by the
following:
 BJMP
Major Programs
There are four (4) major programs under the mandate of BJMP
and they are the following:
• PDL custody, security and control program.
• PDL welfare and development program.
• Decongestion program.
• Good governance.
 CORE PROGRAMS

A. Provisions of Basic Needs

All PDL under custody are provided with three (3) meals (breakfast,
lunch and supper). Adequate supply of potable water is made available
to them at all times. Likewise, upon admission, each PDL is issued his or
her PDL uniform consisting of the yellow shirt and brown jogging pants.
Hygiene kits are also distributed to the PDL on monthly or quarterly
basis. Occasionally, the provision of basic needs for the PDL is
supplemented by the food and non-food donations from local
government units, non-government organizations, business sector and
private individuals.
B. Health Services
Health services for PDL consist of interventions towards the
prevention, promotion, treatment of illnesses and rehabilitation. All
PDL undergo medical assessment upon admission. During
confinement, PDL are provided with health education and counseling,
medical consultations, regular health monitoring, and provided
medicines subject to availability. To maintain the physical health of
PDL, they are allowed daily sunning and physical exercises
C. Educational Program
The educational program aims to provide opportunities for PDL to achieve
mandatory education. For this reason, BJMP adopted the Alternative
Learning System (ALS) of the Department of Education for the PDL to earn
their elementary and high school diplomas. Teachers in the jail-based ALS
are BJMP Personnel who are professional teachers and trained on the
Instructional Method for ALS. In jails where there are no personnel trained
to handle ALS classes, the ALS teachers would be coming from the
Department of Education. All PDL enrolled in the ALS earn their respective
Time Allowance for Teaching, Studying and Mentoring (TASTM) pursuant to
RA 10592
Skills Training/ Enhancement Program
The objective of the skills training program is to equip the PDL
with technical/vocational skills which they can use in seeking
employment or starting their own business after release from
confinement. To make the PDL as competitive as other potential
job seekers, the skills trainings preferred are those accredited by
the Technical Education and Skills Development Authority (TESDA)
so that the PDL will be able to earn National Certifications. Thus,
only the PDL who meet the eligibility requirements of the specific
skills training program being offered can participate.
Livelihood Program
The livelihood program presents income-generating activities to PDL during their
confinement where they are able to earn for their personal upkeep and for financial
support to their families. The capital for the livelihood project are either from BJMP for
BJMP-funded projects or from the common fund of a group of PDL for non-BJMP funded
projects. Examples of continuing and most popular livelihood projects of PDL are bags and
purses, bonsai made of beads, pastries, rugs, paper crafts, and wood crafts. To help the PDL
earn from these livelihood projects, the jail unit Welfare and Development Officer
(UWDO) facilitates the sale of the products in display centers or livelihood caravans
organized by the local government units and other service providers. In addition, online or
e-marketing of PDL products is also run by the jail unit Welfare and Development Office
Behavioral Management/ Modification Program
BJMP implements the Therapeutic Community Modality Program (TCMP) to
manage and modify behaviors of PDL with the goal of positively changing
their thinking and behavior through structured group processes. The
program endeavors to teach and model positive thinking, pro-social values,
good decision-making, and positive coping. Through the program, PDL are
trained on socially acceptable ways of behaving and relating with their fellow
PDL and with personnel and visitors thereby fostering a therapeutic jail
environment and maintaining a peaceful communal atmosphere.
G. Interfaith Program

PDL are provided with the opportunity to practice their faith while
under custody without discrimination, subject only to usual safety and
security measures. The BJMP chaplains and imams provide different
religious services such as but not limited to mass celebrations,
communal prayers, spiritual counseling, catechism, and others. Religious
organizations and their respective ministers/pastors and leaders are
accredited by BJMP to facilitate their regular contact with PDL for the
provision of religious services
Cultural and Sports Program
The cultural program aims to promote camaraderie among PDL,
encourage the development of self-confidence and sharing of cultural
talents as form of positive entertainment. Cultural activities allowed
in jails include dance, singing, theatre/drama, and art workshops. Also,
through this program, PDL experience some sense of social
normalcy through the communal celebrations of socio-cultural
events like birthdays, Valentine’s Day, Mothers’ and Fathers’ Day,
Christmas, Lent and Easter, Ramadan, local festivals and other similar
activities.
Paralegal Program
The main objective of the Paralegal Program is to address the
overcrowding in jail facilities. Through the paralegal program,
PDL are assisted in availing of the different early modes of
release. Regional and jail paralegal officers conduct continuous
informative seminars/orientations to PDL on their rights, modes
of early release, and other paralegal/legal remedies which can be
availed of by them. Other paralegal services include paralegal
counseling and case follow-up in the courts by the jail paralegal
officer
E-Dalaw
The E-DALAW service is an alternative to the traditional face-to-face
visitation between PDL and respective families. This service enables
the PDL to connect with his/her family through a supervised video
call and chat. The program is conceptualized specifically to cater to
PDL whose family members cannot go to the jail for actual visit
because of the long distance to the jail from the residence or
workplace of the family members. However, in case of jail lockdown
by reason of public health emergency where visitation is suspended,
all PDL are allowed to use the e-dalaw to communicate with their
families on equitable rotation basis.
 THERAPEUTIC COMMUNITY MODALITY
PROGRAM(TCMP)

The mandate of the Bureau of Jail Management and Penology (BJMP) is

both safekeeping and development of inmates. The thrust of the
Directorate for Inmates Welfare and Development is to devise
programs for inmate development to prepare them for their eventual
reintegration into the mainstream of society.
 THERAPEUTIC COMMUNITY MODALITY
PROGRAM(TCMP)

The Therapeutic Community Modality Program (TCMP) is a self-help social

learning treatment model which utilizes the community as the primary
therapeutic vehicle to foster behavioral and attitudinal change. In this
modality, the person learns and practices skills and responsibilities through
structured activities that they can transfer to the society upon their release.
At present, TCMP is recognized as the backbone program of the
BJMP for inmate development and is being implemented in majority of the
jails nationwide
 TCMP IN THE BJMP: BACKGROUND

In the BJMP, Therapeutic Community Modality Program (TCMP) was

introduced in 1998 when a group of personnel underwent six (6) week live-in
trainer’s training under the DAYTOP International trainers sponsored by the
US State Department.
From then on, several BJMP personnel were trained by DAYTOP trainers,
namely Aloysius Joseph, Frederick Loke, Jimmy Curtin and Fernando
Perfas. The program was initially implemented in selected jails in the National
Capital Region (NCR). The TCMP training was cascaded to a significant number
of BJMP personnel.
 STANDARD
PARAMETERS FOR
JAIL TCMP
 PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT

ü The internal and external environment is comfortable, clean, and welcoming.

ü TC Philosophy and unwritten philosophies are visibly posted around the facility.
ü Hierarchical structure and daily activities are displayed.
ü There is adequate space to hold activities and rooms for specific meetings that
require privacy.
ü A clean and well-maintained kitchen that complies with the sanitary standards
of BJMP.
üThe dining area is equipped with enough tables and chairs to accommodate the
inmates.
üProvision of recreation areas both indoors and outdoors.
 TCMP STAFF

ü The TCMP staff will not be transferred to other jails until properly covered by
another TC trained staff
ü There is proper shift turn-over of TC trained staff daily
ü TCMP staff can be utilized to handle other tasks but puts priority to TCMP
ü The TCMP staff has undergone proper training on TCMP
ü Presence of a permanent TCMP staff to supervise the program and conduct the
various activities
üRegular meetings are held by staff to discuss progress, issues, and concerns
about the program
üAll the jail staff are involved in the TCMP and are contributing members
üThe staff works as a team in delivering services to inmates
üThe staff serves as role models and treats inmates with respect and dignity
üIncentives are given to TCMP staff in terms of awards and commendations
 THE INMATES/RESIDENTS

ü Confidentiality is respected and practiced

ü The residents are involved in decision making and planning in TCMP activities
ü The residents always treat each other with respect regardless of age, religion,
cultural diversity, etc.
ü The residents practice a culture of honesty and openness in discussing thoughts and
feelings, providing and receiving feedbacks.
üThe participants of TCMP are change agents in bringing about transformation among
peers
üThe residents comply with the cardinal (NO drugs, NO violence or threat of
violence, NO sexual acting out and NO stealing) and house rules and serve as
“watchdogs” for their peers with the aim of correcting erring members.
üAbsence or minimal incidence of jail violence/disturbance
üThe residents respect the hierarchy and chain of command.
 CARDINAL RULES

NO drugs,
NO violence or threat of violence,
NO sexual acting out
NO stealing
 DEVELOPMENT OF BJMP COMMUNITY
THERAPEUTIC PROGRAM

1. THE AMERICAN DRUG-FREE HIERARCHICAL CONCEPT BASED TC

CONCEPT TC HAS FOLLOWING PRINCIPLES
A. COMMUNITY - LIVING TOGETHER IN A GROUP
B. HIERARCHY - DAILY ACTIVITIES TAKE PLACE IN STRUCTURED SETTING
C. CONFRONTATION - NEGATIVE BEHAVIORS SHOULD BE ADDRESSED
D. SELF-HELP - RESIDENT IS THE PROTAGONIST OF HIS OWN TREATMENT
PROCESS
2. BRITISH DEMOCRATIC MAXWELL JONES-TYPE TC
DEMOCRATIC TC HAS 4 CENTRAL PRINCIPLES

A. PERMISSIVENESS - RESIDENTS CAN FREELY EXPRESS THEIR THOUGHTS AND EMOTIONS

WITHOUT ANY NEGATIVE REPERCUSSIONS

B. DEMOCRACY - ALL RESIDENTS AND STAFFS HAVE EQUAL CHANCE AND OPPORTUNITIES
TO PARTICIPATE

C. COMMUNALISM - FACE TO FACE COMMUNICATION AND FREE INTERACTION TO CREATE

A FEELING OF SHARING AND BELONGING

D. REALITY TESTING - RESIDENTS CAN BE, AND SHOULD BE, CONTINUALLY CONFRONTED
WITH THEIR OWN IMAGE AS PERCEIVED BY OTHER CLIENTS AND STAFF MEMBERS
 THERAPEUTIC COMMUNITY MODALITY
PROGRAM BY THE BUREAU OF JAIL
MANAGEMENT AND PENOLOGY

PHASES OF TREATMENT

Phase I – Entry and Orientation phase

Phase II – Primary Treatment
Phase III – Pre-reentry
Phase IV – RE-ENTRY
Phase IV – AFTERCARE
 THERAPEUTIC COMMUNITY MODALITY PROGRAM BY
THE BUREAU OF JAIL MANAGEMENT AND PENOLOGY

PHASES OF TREATMENT
Phase I – entry and orientation phase
- Once the inmate is to committed to jail, he undergoes a series of examination to
determine his physical/social/ psychological status.
-Resident is placed on orientation
-The rules and norms of the community
Tc concepts (written and unwritten philosophy)
- Job functions and TC hierarchy
- assigned to a static group and big brother who will walk him through orientation phase
-Resident is expected to commit mistakes in theprocess of learning the program
-Sanctions on negative behavior are usually light with emphasis on teaching
STATIC GROUP - Permanent group of peers and leaders that meet
regularly while the resident is on treatment.
- sort of “home” group that provides support to one another
and the new members of the community.

BIG BROTHER - older member of the comunity tasked to provide

guidance to the newly committed residents
 THERAPEUTIC COMMUNITY MODALITY
PROGRAM BY THE BUREAU OF JAIL
MANAGEMENT AND PENOLOGY

PHASES OF TREATMENT
Phase II – primary treatment
After proper orientation on different TC concepts and tools, the norms
and rules of the community and staff members, the resident is now
ready to undergo the proper treatment. He becomes a part of the
Housekeeping department until he gradually ascends in the hierarchy.

Resident is also ready to undergo treatment proper.

Must be knowledgeable in the following:
1. Proper use of different tools
2. Managing own feelings
3. Learning how to follow the rules
4. Maximize participation in activities
5. Learning how to trust the environment by disclosing self to the
community
6. Developing positive coping skills to deal with difficult life
situations
7. Enhancing educational and vocational skills
8. Improve social skills, recognize importance of other people’s help
 THERAPEUTIC COMMUNITY MODALITY
PROGRAM BY THE BUREAU OF JAIL
MANAGEMENT AND PENOLOGY

PHASES OF TREATMENT
Phase III – PRE RE-ENTRY
He should focus on the following learning:
• rebuild social and family ties
• Going up the ladder of hierarchy
• Realization of his full potential to be a productive
member of society
• mapping out plans
 THERAPEUTIC COMMUNITY MODALITY
PROGRAM BY THE BUREAU OF JAIL
MANAGEMENT AND PENOLOGY
PHASES OF TREATMENT
• Phase IV – RE-ENTRY
• FOCUS:
• RESIDENT IS NOW READY TO BE RELEASED BACK TO SOCIETY
• TRANSITION TO LIFE OUTSIDE THE JAIL
• CREATING NEW LIFESTYLE APPLYING THE TOOLS AND
CONCEPTS of TC

• REINGETRATION INTO MAINSTREAM OF SOCIETY

THE RESIDENT MUST FOCUS ON THE FOLLOWING:

-TRANSITION TO LIFE OUTSIDE THE JAIL

-CREATING A NEW LIFESTYLE APPLYING THE TOOLS AND CONCEPT OF
TC
- LEARNING POSITIVE COPING SKILLS TO DEAL WITH DAY TO DAY
SITUATIONS
-RE-ESTABLISHED AND STRENGTENING FAMILY TIES AND SUPPORT
GROUP
-REINTEGRATION INTO THE MAINSTREAM OF SOCIETY
-DEVELOPING REALISTIC AND ATTAINABLE GOALS IN LIFE
 THERAPEUTIC COMMUNITY MODALITY
PROGRAM BY THE BUREAU OF JAIL
MANAGEMENT AND PENOLOGY

PHASES OF TREATMENT
• Phase IV – AFTERCARE
OUTPATIENT PROGRAM =REQUIRED TO
REPORT 2X A WEEK TO AN OUTREACH
CENTER/ ATTEND GROUP SESSIONS
 THERAPEUTIC COMMUNITY
PROGRAM BY THE BUREAU OF
CORRECTIONS (BUCOR)

The Therapeutic Community (TC) Program represents an effective, highly

structured environment with defined boundaries, both moral and ethical.
The primary goal is to foster personal growth. This is accomplished by re-shaping
an individual’s behavior and attitudes through the inmate’s community
working together to help themselves and each other, restoring self-
confidence, and preparing them for their re-integration into their families and
friends as productive members of the community.
SELF-HELP
 PRE-MORNING MEETING

Duration/ Frequency: Fifteen minutes daily

Participants: Senior Residents, Counselor

What happened or what was the attitude of the house yesterday

or on previous day.
Senior Residents formulate solutions to be discussed during the
day
 MORNING MEETING

Duration/ Frequency: One hour daily

Participants: All residents, Counselor

üIt commences with the Opening Prayer, Singing of the Philippine National
Anthem and the recitation of the TC Philosophy.
üIt is usually facilitated by any member of the community.
üIt is divided into two (2) parts namely: announcement and 1.public
announcements and community concerns (checking the behavior or erring
members through “pull-up” encouragement of the ownership of mistake) then
followed by affirmation of good deeds and
ü2community-spirit building or up rituals.
 PARTS OF THE MORNING MEETING

I. COMMUNITY ANNOUNCEMENT/ CONCERNS

a. Opening Prayer (Ecumenical)
b. Singing of the Philippine National Anthem (Flag must be displayed)
c. TC Philosophy (Adopted translation)
d. Announcements
Ø Staffs (Director, Asst. Director, Counselor & other personnel)
Ø Residents (Coordinators, Dept Heads, expedites)
Ø Report on Dorm Inspection by Chief Expediter)
e. Community Concerns
Ø Pull-ups/ elaboration
Ø Affirmations
f. Concept of the day
g. Verse of the day
 PARTS OF THE MORNING
MEETING

II. UP-RITUALS
a. News casting (Local, Natl, International, Sports and Weather
News)
b. Entertainment (Choose either Song, dance, Skit, Humorous
Story)
c. Community Singing (Any song that has relation to the Concept
of the Day)
d. Greetings
 PARTICIPANTS AND FACILITATORS RECITE THE TC
PHILOSOPHY AS PART OF THE MORNING MEETING

I am here because there us no refuge finally, from myself.

Until I confront myself in the eyes and hearts of others.
I am running.
Until I suffer them to share my secrets
I have no safety from them.
Afraid to be known,
I can know neither myself nor any other,
I will be alone.
Where else but in our common ground I can see such a mirror?
Here, together, I can at last appear clearly to myself, not as giant of my dreams nor the dwarf of my fears, but as a
person , part of a whole, with my share in its purpose.
In this ground, I can take root and grow, not alone anymore,
as in death but alive to myself and to others.
 HIERARCHY OF BEHAVIOR SHAPING TOOLS

Behavior Shaping Tools (BST) is employed to strengthen the learning process

and the practice of more adaptive behaviors within the social learning environment.

The major tools of the BST, such as the Talk to, Pull-up, Dealt with, Haircut,
Learning Experience, General Meeting and Expulsion were developed as a
means to correct behaviors of the residents that violated the TC norms.
 EXPULSION

GENERAL MEETING

LEARNING EXPERIENCE/BANS

HAIRCUT

DEALT-WITH

PULL UP

TALK TO
 TALK TO

A “Talk To” is an outright done by any member of the TC

community to another member who has done a minor
infraction but is not aware of it.
During a “Talk To”, the resident is made aware of his/her
negative behavior and the results it may have on others and
the environment.
 TALK TO

A “Talk To” is an outright done by any member of the TC

community to another member who has done a minor infraction
but is not aware of it.

During a “Talk To”, the resident is made aware of his/her

negative behavior and the results it may have on others and the
environment.

“the Violator is known”

 PULL-UP

A Pull-up is done as a result of lack, missed or lapses in awareness in a

resident. All members of the community are responsible to pull-up minor
infractions done by peers. It encourages honesty, demeanor awareness and
owning up to one's mistakes. This is done when violator is unknown and
must be validated first prior to bringing up in the Morning Meeting.

Elaboration (must be explained well the rectification of faults)

Affirmations

“the violator is not known”

 DEALTH WITH

Dealth With is done when negative behaviors or

infractions to the House Rules/ Norms are done for the
second time of the same offense by a resident.
A panel of three (3) composed of a senior resident,
peer and a friend are tasked to deliver a serious and
stern reprimand to the subjected resident
 HAIRCUT

Haircut is done when negative behaviors or infractions to the House Rules/Norms in same offense are done
for the third time or more or for first time grave offenses.
It is a carefully planned and structured verbal reprimand given by the staff with four other
residents- Senior Resident, Peer, Big Brother, and Department head
The staff or peer who booked the haircut should not be part of the team so as to avoid bias or
subjectivity.
Before a resident be subjected to Haircut, his/ her infraction must be first investigated, discussed and
decided by the Disciplinary Board (Book II, Rule 2, Section 4 of the BJMP Manual. Sanction/ Learning
Experience that has been decided upon by the jail Disciplinary Board and the TCMP staff will be
imposed after the Haircut.
 LEARNING EXPERIENCE

A Learning Experience (LE) is an action or activity given to a resident who was subjected
to Haircut or General Meeting who did an infraction to correct or modify a behavior. LE
may be task-oriented, written task or peer interactions.

Putting a person on LE for more than one (1) week may lessen the learning objective.
Putting the person on LE for an extended period of time or sanctions that are far harsher than
the offense or may deny him of the basic necessities may border on abuse and violation
of human rights

Senior resident - assigned to give a self-report (after 15 days) on how the resident who
undergone LE carried out his responsibilities after the LE / resident’s condition (if further
supervision is needed)
 LEARNING EXPERIENCE
Categories of Learning Experiences:
a. Task-Oriented LE
· Pots and Pans
· Grounds and Landscaping
· Cleaning and Maintenance
· Time keeping (wake up calls, lights out calls)
b. Written Tasks
· Composition or essay
· Reproduction of TCMP Materials
c. Peer Interaction
· Reading and reporting of topic
· Announcements (Morning Meeting or House meeting)
· Bans (sanctions to members who commit repeatedly infractions or violations to cardinal rules by prohibiting, disallowing,
or limiting an activity or affiliation to a group)
 LEARNING EXPERIENCE

• RESIDENT MISSING OUT HIS RESONSIBILITIES IN

THE KITCHEN  he can be assigned of cleaning the
kitchen for a specific period of time
 GENERAL MEETING

A repeated breach to the Cardinal Rules and necessitates a

General Meeting. Such issue should be discussed with the
community to point out to the violator the negative effect
of the behavior had on the community. These behaviors pose a
threat to the community because they violate the established order
and safety of the facility.
 EXPULSION

In extreme cases, when a resident is incorrigible and

becomes a threat to the community (instigator,
initiator of jail disturbances), the Director with the
recommendation of the Disciplinary Board may
transfer him/her to the nearest jail facility with an
appropriate Court Order.
 PSYCHOLOGIC AL AND EMOTIONAL ASPECT

Counseling is defined as a professional activity of helping

individuals, groups or communities enhance or restore
their capacity for psychological, emotional and social
functioning and creating an environment favorable for the
attainment of these goals.
 PSYCHOLOGICAL AND
EMOTIONAL ASPECT
PSYCHOSOCIAL SKILLS AND CHARACTERISTICS OF COUNSELING
Empathy - perceive the client’s feelings and demonstrate actual perception of the client.
Putting oneself into the client’s shoe.
Warmth - unconditional positive regard. we care about the client as a person
Respect - belief in the client’s ability to make appropriate decisions and deal appropriately
with his or her life situationists “empowerment”.
Congruence or genuineness - being honest and authentic while with the client. Real
concern rather than focusing on techniques.
Confidentiality - anything discussed during the counseling sessions is absolutely private,
 PSYCHOLOGICAL AND
EMOTIONAL ASPECT

When to break confidentiality

1. children are being neglected or abused

2. Appearance in court as witnesses

3. Client expressed plan to commit suicide

4. Plan to hurt/harm other people

 PSYCHOLOGICAL AND
EMOTIONAL ASPECT

INITIAL INTERVIEW/ INTAKE INTERVIEW

TCMP is introduced as a program for the development of inmates while
they are awaiting trial. The intake interview in the jail setting is done by a
Counselor to newly admitted residents. The main purpose is to elicit
information about the resident and provide information about
the program and what the expectations are on both parties.
 PSYCHOLOGICAL AND
EMOTIONAL ASPECT
GROUP COUNSELING
STATIC GROUPS
The Static Group is a permanent group of peers and leaders that meet
regularly while the residents are in treatment.

Duration/ Frequency: one hour/ once a week

Participants: 10-15 residents, Counselor
 PSYCHOLOGICAL AND
EMOTIONAL ASPECT
GROUP COUNSELING
PEER CONFRONTATION GROUP The group participants in Peer
Confrontation group are selected by the staff and group according to
peers like adult members will go with the same date of entry in the
facility and same goes with the middle and young members.
It is done in a more compassionate way where each resident try to
help one another. Participants confront each other on what they do for
themselves while in the facility and ask how they are coping with it.
 PSYCHOLOGICAL AND
EMOTIONAL ASPECT

GROUP COUNSELING
SECRETS
Secrets are a group activity where participants are given the opportunity to unload
emotional baggage and thus experience freedom from internal psychological
conflicts.
It promotes trust among the participants knowing that each will reveal his utmost secrets to the
group.
Instructed to go to a place with no distractions (alone)
Write a letter to yourself about how an event your life which has been keeping a deep secret
then put into a box or bag then all residents will give an advice.
 PSYCHOLOGICAL AND
EMOTIONAL ASPECT

GROUP COUNSELING
ENCOUNTER GROUPS
The Encounter Group serves as a “safety valve” within the
community which is usually high pressured and structured.
It is a forum for members of the community to verbally express
pent-up or negative emotions within a structured and safe
environment without resorting to violence or aggression and without
fear of reprisal.
 PSYCHOLOGICAL AND
EMOTIONAL ASPECT

GROUP COUNSELING
ENCOUNTER GROUPS
The flow of the encounter should pass through the four (4) phases:
Confrontation: verbalization concerns or honest disclosure of emotions that has been
provoked during interpersonal interactions with another resident.(verbal expression of
emotion as a way of release)

Exploration: In this phase, all the feelings that were expressed are further examined and
explored and find out how it could have resulted in such way in order to evoke awareness
on the connection of behavior, feelings and attitude. (blaming or finger pointing should be avoided)
 PSYCHOLOGICAL AND EMOTIONAL
ASPECT

GROUP COUNSELING
ENCOUNTER GROUP
Resolution and Commitment: After some realizations and attaining some insights
into their behaviors, the residents are now ready to move to the last phase to
practice new behaviors.

Socialization: This is a structured social event where all those involved in an

encounter will have ample time to mend fences with those they have offended
or hurt in the past.
This is to achieve closure and reaffirm relationship and maintain unity of community
 PSYCHOLOGICAL AND EMOTIONAL ASPECT

SPECIALIZED GROUPS
LOSS AND BEREAVEMENT

Duration/ Frequency: one hour once a week

Participants: 10-15 residents

Facilitator discusses the process of grieving and the impact of losses, mad feeling,
attitudes and behavior derived from the loss of a loved one.

At the last session – each participant are required to write a letter to someone or a
buddy to tell about the past and what they will do in future regarding losses.
 PSYCHOLOGICAL AND EMOTIONAL
ASPECT

SPECIALIZED GROUPS
WOMENS’ GROUP
Duration/ Frequency: one hour once a week/ might last for six sessions

Participants: 8-15 residents, Counselor

It provides an opportunity for all female residents to share and discuss their
feelings on women's issues: family, relationship, self-identity, self-image,
societal role and reproductive issues
 PSYCHOLOGICAL AND EMOTIONAL
ASPECT
SPECIALIZED GROUPS
MEN’S GROUP

Duration/ frequency: 1 hour once a week

Participants: 8-15 residents, counselor

Topics include expression of feeling, reveal of true self, dealing with feeling and how
to avoid abusive relationship, family conflicts, sexuality and sexual relationships
 PSYCHOLOGICAL AND EMOTIONAL
ASPECT

SPECIALIZED GROUPS
MEDICATION SUPPORT GROUP

Duration/ Frequency: as long as the residents are on medication

Participants: residents on medications and Jail health personnel

Share and discuss how to face their difficulties, coping with the disease
and problems encountered while they are on medications.
 PSYCHOLOGICAL AND EMOTIONAL ASPECT

SPECIALIZED GROUPS
ANGER MANAGEMENT

Duration/ frequency: 1 ½ hours for 6 weeks/ as needed/ curriculum based

Participants: 10-15 residents

The group is an avenue for the residents to know their anger feelings
and acquire new knowledge and information on how to deal with their
feelings on different situation and personalities
 PSYCHOLOGICAL AND EMOTIONAL
ASPECT

PRE-RELEASE INTERVIEW
Participants: Resident/s to be released from jail , IWDO, Admin and OD
Duration:1 hour
Procedure:
1. IWDO should coordinate with the Paralegal Officer to monitor the status of the
case of the residents.
2. If possible, immediate member of the family is/are present before the residents will
be released from jail.
3. Do a pre-release interview to conduct an assessment of the resident's
potentials and map out plans after his release from jail.
Inmate Welfare Development Officer (IWDO)
 INTELLECTUAL AND SPIRITUAL
COMPONENTS

SPIRITUALITY

is any action or activity that reflects or brings out the goodness in a man.

INTELLECTUAL COMPONENT

responds to the natural human characteristics of yearning for knowledge in order to attain a
higher level of understanding.
 THE TC PHILOSPHY
(AFTER THE FLAG CEREMONY)

Surrender

“I am here because there is no refuge, finally from myself”

Self-disclosure

“Until I confront myself in the eyes and hearts of others. I am running.

Until I suffer them to share my secrets, I have no safety from them. Afraid
to be known. I can neither know myself or any other; I will be alone.”
 THE TC PHILOSPHY

Reflection

“Where else but in our common grounds can I find such a mirror?”

Self-realization

“Here together, I can appear clearly to myself, not as the giant of my

dreams not the dwarf of my fears, but as a person, part of the whole
with my share in its purpose”.
 THE TC PHILOSPHY

Growth

“In this Ground, I can take root and grow”

Self-worth

"Not alone anymore as in death, but alive to myself and to

others”
 THE TC UNWRITTEN PHILOSPHY

Honesty

Responsible love and concern - learn how to accept and give criticisms.

To be aware is to be alive - learn how to conscious of what is going on

around our environment

Trust in your environment

Be careful what you ask, you might just get it - learn to appreciate what we
have
 THE TC UNWRITTEN PHILOSPHY

No free lunch - if we want something, work for it

You can't keep it unless you give it away - learn to share

What goes around comes around whatever you do unto others will be done unto
you

Act as if - learn to go with the flow until we are able to embrace it and
behavior will soon become natural

Understand rather than be understood

 THE TC UNWRITTEN PHILOSPHY

ü Personal growth before vested status

ü Compensation is valid
ü Forgiveness
ü Humility
ü You alone can do it, but you can't do it alone (learn to seek help from others.)
ü Pride in quality (accomplish your work with your full potential, because the result of this will
always be a reflection of yourself)
ü Feelings don't think - think before you act
ü Guilt kills
ü Hang Tough
ü You are your brother’s keepers’ (one for all, all for one)
 THEME/ CONCEPT OF THE DAY

It refers to a word or saying that will serve as guide for the

community to ponder upon in relation to their day-to-day
interactions and behaviors.
 MEDITATION: DISCOVERING YOUR
INNER SANCTUARY

The visualization meditation is used is to help an individual establish a practice of

moving his attention within, finding his place of relaxation and peace by
contracting his inner wisdom.

Duration/ frequency: 1-2 hours/ once a month

Participants:

Residents, Facilitator
 SEMINARS

Seminars are activities in TC that provide intellectual stimulation and seek

personal involvement among the residents.

It is a way of providing information, improving the resident's speaking and

writing abilities and enhancing their listening ability so as to understand all
the information being presented.

Duration/ Frequency: 1-2 hours/ once a week

Participants: Residents, facilitator

 THE DEBATE

The debate is introduced to provide the residents the opportunity to learn how to
reasonably and put together arguments in a logical manner.

This is also an exercise on how to listen and formulate ideas and demonstrate a broader
understanding of certain issues. It gives the participants certain insights on other's opinions
which may be opposite to their own.

Each group has 5 minutes to gather their thought

With 2 minutes per speaker

Duration/ frequency: 1-2 hours/ once a month

Participants: 20-30 residents, facilitator

 GAMES: THE “GRAB BAG”

The “Grab Bag” is a form of seminar which enhances the

resident's ability to communicate, analyze ideas and develop
insights about themselves with the use of identification with
inanimate objects.
 SATURDAY NIGHT ACTIVITIES

This activity is held every Saturday as a recreational event

purposely to instill fun, humor and entertainment after an
intense and hectic week. This gives the residents the chance to
let loose and socialize. Each static group is assigned a specific
task or presentation to develop talents among residents.
 VOCATIONAL/ SURVIVAL SKILLS

LIVELIHOOD AND SKILL TRAINING

Designed tools: Project Proposals, Training Design, Feasibility Studies

Participants: Residents/ Staff

The IWDO will conduct skill inventory of the residents to determine the
appropriate skills training needed. With the help of skilled staff or outsourced
trainers, residents are trained on their specific field on interest which could be
their source of livelihood once they are released from jail.
 ORGANIZATIONAL HIERARCHY OF
THERAPEUTIC COMMUNITY

Participants: Personnel and residents

CLASS- A TC COMMUNITY (JAIL POPULATION- 1,000 UP)
1. BUSINESS OFFICE DEPARTMENT- Admin
2. KITCHEN DEPARTMENT- Food Service Officer
3. HOUSEKEEPING DEPARTMENT- Records
4. GROUNDS/ LANDSCAPING DEPARTMENT- Custodial
5. LAUNDRY DEPARTMENT- Logistics
6. MAINTENANCE DEPARTMENT- Operations
7. SPECIAL SERVICE DEPARTMENT- IWDO
8. EXPEDITING DEPARTMENT- Paralegal/ I&I
 ORGANIZATIONAL HIERARCHY OF
THERAPEUTIC COMMUNITY

CLASS- B TC COMMUNITY (JAIL POP 500-999)

1. BUSINESS OFFICE DEPARTMENT- Admin
2. KITCHEN DEPARTMENT- Food Service Officer
3. HOUSEKEEPING/ LAUNDRY DEPATMENT- Records
4. GROUNDS/ LANSCAPING/ MAINTENANCE DEPARTMENT-
Custodial
5. SPECIAL SERVICE DEPARTMENT- IWDO
6. EXPEDITING DEPARTMENT- Paralegal/ I&
 TERMS TO REMEMBER:

ANGER MANAGEMENT
– a specialized group activity discussing issues to control anger.
ANNOUNCEMENT
- Information given to all residents.
ATTITUDES
– the general condition of the TC family as a whole, including incidences,
positive and negative.
BANS
- a behavior shaping tool to prohibit a resident to a specific area, activity,
verbal, another client.
 TERMS TO REMEMBER:

BIG BROTHER
- an older member of the community tasked to provide guidance to the
newly committed residents
BOOKED
– logged an incident to the Coordinator of the Day.
CARDINAL RULES
- the principal guiding rule observed by all residents in a TC Community
with heavier corresponding consequences.
COERCION
- the use of internal and external sources to heighten dissonance on the
client and magnify his choices and the specific consequences of his choices.
 TERMS TO REMEMBER:

COMMUNICATION
– a department which oversees the daily census, entry, news and other information to be
disseminated.
COMMUNITY
- the residents of the TC Family.
COORDINATOR*
- the highest position attained by a resident in a TC Hierarchy, who works with the staff in
running the house, implementing rules. With corresponding status, a resident has an
authority over the other residents.
COORDINATOR OF THE DAY
– assigned coordinator (resident) to oversee and address the incidents,
 TERMS TO REMEMBER:

TERMS TO REMEMBER:
COUNSELOR
- staff member position who assists the residents’ needs
DAILY STRUCTURE
- list of day to day activities
DEPARTMENT HEAD
- a ranking resident next to the coordinator in the TC Hierarchy assigned to
oversee, monitor tasks to be done in a particular department.
DISSONANCE
- the time period of admitting, denying before coming up with a decision.
 TERMS TO REMEMBER:

TERMS TO REMEMBER:
DORMITORY
– a cell where the residents stays while on confinement.
ENCOUNTER
- a group process utilized to vent out concerns, angerand hurt feelings
ENCOUNTER BOX
- box used to receive slips being dropped.
ENTERTAINMENT and RECREATIONAL ACTIVITY
- an activity in the TC community aimed to aid residents in treatment.
EVALUATION
an assessment done anytime during the treatment
 TERMS TO REMEMBER:

EXPULSION
- the ejection of one from the community because of his/her serious offense.
(incorrigible)
FRIEND
- a resident who has the closest regard to the other resident.
GENERAL MEETING
- a behavior shaping tool addressing serious infraction of a resident.
GENERAL WORKER
– the lowest position in the TC hierarchy
 TERMS TO REMEMBER:

HAIRCUT
- a behavior shaping tool consisting of a five-man panel that addresses a
resident’s infraction.
HIERARCHICAL STRUCTURE
– the chain of command of residents in TCMP.
HOUSE
– pertains to the jail facility.
HOUSE RULES
– are day to day standards that need to be followed inside the jail facility
to ensure the smooth and orderly flow of operation.
 TERMS TO REMEMBER:

INFRACTIONS
- a violation to the House Rules of the TC Family.
LEARNING EXPERIENCE
– a form of sanction that aid residents realize the value of correcting infractions.
MORNING MEETING
- a daily ritual addressing attitudes of previous days, performed to start the day right.
PEERS
– friends of the same entry period.
PRE-MORNING MEETING
- the activity preceding the Morning Meeting that discusses attitudes of the house
 TERMS TO REMEMBER:

PULL – UP (unknown)
– verbal reprimand done during the Morning Meeting.
RESIDENTS
– terms used for inmates who are part of the TCMP community.
SENIOR RESIDENT
– a member of the TC community having thepo sition such as Static Group leader
and its Assistant and In Charge of various special services groups.
STAFF
– refer to jail personnel
STATIC GROUP
– a group composed of residents known as permanent support group.
 TERMS TO REMEMBER:

TALK TO
– friendly reminder for resident violators. (unaware of the infractions
he/she has made)
TC FAMILY
– refers to all residents of the TC community.
UNWRITTEN PHILOSOPHY
– refers to a guiding value which residents reflect and hold on.
VIOLATOR
– a resident who commits an act in violation of the TC/Jail Rules
The following core programs of the Bureau of Jail Management and Penology
EXCEPT.
A. Cultural and Sports
B. Welfare and Development
C. Provision of basic services
D. Special Services
The following core programs of the Bureau of Jail Management and
Penology EXCEPT.
A. Cultural and Sports
B. Welfare and Development
C. Provision of basic services
D. Special Services
Rendon an inmate is unable to sleep and eat while serving his sentence due to loneliness and despair should
undergo:
A. rehabilitation
B. guidance
C. corrections
D. counseling
Rendon an inmate is unable to sleep and eat while serving his sentence due to loneliness and despair should
undergo:
A. rehabilitation
B. guidance
C. corrections
D. counseling
It is a treatment environment that helps people get help while helping others.
a. Therapeutic Community
b. PPA
c. BJMP
d. BuCor
It is a treatment environment that helps people get help while helping others.
a. Therapeutic Community
b. PPA
c. BJMP
d. BuCor
Online or e-marketing of PDL livelihood products is being run by the _______.
A. Welfare and Development Office
B. Alternative Learning System Unit
C. Office of the Jail Warden
D. Business Administration Office
Online or e-marketing of PDL livelihood products is being run by the _______.
A. Welfare and Development Office
B. Alternative Learning System Unit
C. Office of the Jail Warden
D. Business Administration Office
These are the Separation of Categories under the UN Standard Treatment for
PDL, except:
A. Men and women should be separated
B. Untried prisoners shall be kept separated from convicted prisoners
C. Prisoners should be separated according the nature of their offense/crime
D.Young prisoners should be kept separated from adults
E. None of these
These are the Separation of Categories under the UN Standard Treatment for
PDL, except:
A. Men and women should be separated
B. Untried prisoners shall be kept separated from convicted prisoners
C. Prisoners should be separated according the nature of their offense/crime
D.Young prisoners should be kept separated from adults
E. None of these
A phase wherein the resident is handled gently and is expected to commit mistakes in the process of learning
the program.
a. Entry/ Orientation Phase
b. Primary Treatment
c. Pre Entry Phase
d. Re- Entry
e. After care
A phase wherein the resident is handled gently and is expected to commit mistakes in the process of learning
the program.
a. Entry/ Orientation Phase
b. Primary Treatment
c. Pre Entry Phase
d. Re- Entry
e. After care
A BJMP TCMP Phase, wherein the resident is learning how to trust the environment by disclosing self to the
community and develop insight in the process.
a. Entry/ Orientation Phase
b. Primary Treatment
c. Pre Entry Phase
d. Re- Entry
e. After care
A BJMP TCMP Phase, wherein the resident is learning how to trust the environment by disclosing self to the
community and develop insight in the process.
a. Entry/ Orientation Phase
b. Primary Treatment
c. Pre Entry Phase
d. Re- Entry
e. After care
TCMP is under this BJMP Core Program –
a. E -Dalaw program
b. Help desk
c. Behavioral management program
d. Paralegal program
TCMP is under this BJMP Core Program –
a. E -Dalaw program
b. Help desk
c. Behavioral management program
d. Paralegal program
Noel often neglected to organized his bed, so the staffs requested him to teach incoming resident on how to
maintain their bed neat and orderly. What hierarchy of behavior shaping tools was violated in this behavior.
a. Talk to
b. Pull up
c. Dealt with
d. Hair cut
e. Learning experience /Bans
Noel often neglected to organized his bed, so the staffs requested him to teach incoming resident on how to
maintain their bed neat and orderly. What hierarchy of behavior shaping tools was violated in this behavior.
a. Talk to
b. Pull up
c. Dealt with
d. Hair cut
e. Learning experience /Bans
Refers to the ability to perceive the client’s feelings and to demonstrate accurate perception of the client. It is
putting oneself in the client’s shoes.
a. counseling
b. empathy
c. emotional and psychological aspect of Therapeutic Community.
d. Behavior management
Refers to the ability to perceive the client’s feelings and to demonstrate accurate perception of the client. It is
putting oneself in the client’s shoes.
a. counseling
b. empathy
c. emotional and psychological aspect of Therapeutic Community.
d. Behavior management
Done when negative behaviors or infractions to the House Rules/Norms in same offense are done for the
second time of same offense by a resident.
a. Talk to
b. Pull up
c. Dealt with
d. Hair cut
e. Learning experience/ Bans
Done when negative behaviors or infractions to the House Rules/Norms in same offense are done for the
second time of same offense by a resident.
a. Talk to
b. Pull up
c. Dealt with
d. Hair cut
e. Learning experience/ Bans
A component of Therapeutic Community Modality Program (TCMP) that introduces the concept and
mechanics of the various shaping tools to include Morning Meeting in order to facilitate the management of
and shape the behavior of the residents.
a. Behavioral Management
b. Behavior Shaping Tools
c. Therapeutic Community
d. Counseling
A component of Therapeutic Community Modality Program (TCMP) that introduces the concept and
mechanics of the various shaping tools to include Morning Meeting in order to facilitate the management of
and shape the behavior of the residents.
a. Behavioral Management
b. Behavior Shaping Tools
c. Therapeutic Community
d. Counseling
It is commonly known as "Safety valve” within the community which is high pressured and structured.
a. Static Group
b. Peer Confrontation Group
c. Secrets
d. Encounter Groups
e. Extended Group
It is commonly known as "Safety valve” within the community which is high pressured and structured.
a. Static Group
b. Peer Confrontation Group
c. Secrets
d. Encounter Groups
e. Extended Group
The phases of treatment under TCMP should be in what order?

I. Primary Treatment
II. Aftercare
III. Entry/Orientation Phase
IV. Pre Re-entry
V. Re-entry

A.I,II,III,IV,V
B. III,I,IV,V,II
C.V, IV, II,II,I
D.III,I,V,IV,I
The phases of treatment under TCMP should be in what order?

I. Primary Treatment
II. Aftercare
III. Entry/Orientation Phase
IV. Pre Re-entry
V. Re-entry

A.I,II,III,IV,V
B. III,I,IV,V,II
C.V, IV, II,II,I
D.III,I,V,IV,I
Is introduced to provide the residents the opportunity to learn how to reasonably and put together arguments
in a logical manner. This is also an exercise on how to listen and formulate ideas and demonstrate a broader
understanding of certain issues. It gives the participants certain insights on other’s opinions which may be
opposite to their own.
a. The debate
b. The Introduction
c. The interview
d. All of this
Is introduced to provide the residents the opportunity to learn how to reasonably and put together arguments
in a logical manner. This is also an exercise on how to listen and formulate ideas and demonstrate a broader
understanding of certain issues. It gives the participants certain insights on other’s opinions which may be
opposite to their own.
a.The debate
b. The Introduction
c. The interview
d. All of this
The principal guiding rule observed by all residents in a TC Community with
heavier corresponding consequences.
a. no rules
b. House rules
c. Jail rules
d. Cardinal rules
The principal guiding rule observed by all residents in a TC Community with
heavier corresponding consequences.
a. no rules
b. House rules
c. Jail rules
d. Cardinal rules
This refer to the highest position attained by a resident in a TC Hierarchy, who works
with the staff in running the house, implementing rules. With corresponding status, a
resident has an authority over the other residents.
a. Staff
b. General worker
c Coordinator
d. Expedite
This refer to the highest position attained by a resident in a TC Hierarchy, who works
with the staff in running the house, implementing rules. With corresponding status, a
resident has an authority over the other residents.
a. Staff
b. General worker
c Coordinator
d. Expedite
When to break Confidentiality?
a. Children are being neglected or abused
b. Appearance in Court as a witness or client express plan
to commit suicide
c. Client express plan to harm others
d. all mentioned above
When to break Confidentiality?
a. Children are being neglected or abused
b. Appearance in Court as a witness or client express plan
to commit suicide
c. Client express plan to harm others
d. all mentioned above
Which of the following is not a part of the Phase I( Entry/Orientation) of the BJMP
Therapeutic Modality?
a. Rebuilding Social and Family ties
b. Acquainted with the rules and norms of the community
c. Acquainted with the TC concepts, written and unwritten philosophy
d. Acquainted with staff and the members of the community.
Which of the following is not a part of the Phase I( Entry/Orientation) of the BJMP
Therapeutic Modality?
a. Rebuilding Social and Family ties
b. Acquainted with the rules and norms of the community
c. Acquainted with the TC concepts, written and unwritten philosophy
d. Acquainted with staff and the members of the community.
It is done when a resident is incorrigible and becomes a threat to community.
a. haircut
b. general meeting
c. Expulsion
d. bans
It is done when a resident is incorrigible and becomes a threat to community.
a. haircut
b. general meeting
c. Expulsion
d. bans
Daily ritual that starts the day in a TC facility. It is attended by the whole community and lasts for an hour.
a.Morning meeting
b.General meeting
c.Pre-morning meeting
d.Staff meeting
Daily ritual that starts the day in a TC facility. It is attended by the whole community and lasts for an hour.
a.Morning meeting
b.General meeting
c.Pre-morning meeting
d.Staff meeting
What is the therapeutic community philosophy which is described by this adage
“ I am here because there is no refuge, finally from myself.”
a. Surrender
b. Self-disclosure
c. Reflection
d. Self-realization
What is the therapeutic community philosophy which is described by this adage
“ I am here because there is no refuge, finally from myself.”
a. Surrender
b. Self-disclosure
c. Reflection
d. Self-realization
What is the therapeutic community unwritten philosophy which is
described by this adage “NO FREE LUNCH”

A. learn to share
B. Go with the flow
C. Learn how to accept and give criticisms
D. If we want something, work for it
What is the therapeutic community unwritten philosophy which is
described by this adage “NO FREE LUNCH”

A. learn to share
B. Go with the flow
C. Learn how to accept and give criticisms
D. If we want something, work for it
 “If you study to remember, you will forget.
But if you study to understand, you will remember.”