SECTION 16410

POWER FACTOR CORRECTION CAPACITORS

PART 1 - GENERAL

Drawings and general provisions of the Contract, including General and Supplementary
Conditions and Division 01 Specification Sections, apply to this Section.

1.01 SECTION INCLUDES

A. This Section includes automatic power factor correction equipment rated 600 V and less.

1.02 SUBMITTALS

A. Product Data: For each type of product indicated. Include dimensions; shipping,
installed, and operating weights of multiple capacitor cells or elements; and data on
features, ratings, and performance.

B. Shop Drawings: Detail equipment assemblies and indicate dimensions, weights, method
of field assembly, components, and location and size of each field connection. Show
access and workspace requirements and required clearances.
1. Wiring Diagrams: Detail internal and interconnecting wiring and differentiate
between manufacturer-installed and field-installed wiring.

C. Qualification Data: For firms and persons specified in "Quality Assurance" Article.

D. Factory Test Reports: Evidence of product's compliance with specified requirements.

E. Field Test Reports: Indicate and interpret test results for compliance with performance
requirements.

F. Maintenance Data: For equipment to include in maintenance manuals specified in

Division 1. Include the following:
1. Lists of spare parts and replacement components recommended for storage at
Project site.
2. Detailed instructions covering operation under both normal and abnormal
conditions.

1.03 QUALITY ASSURANCE

A. Comply with IEC 831, EN 60439-1 and EN 60439-3.
B. Comply with ISO 9001:2000.
C. CE Marking.
D. Conforming to Local Power Authorities Standards ADDC, Etisalat & Civil defence.

Traffic Licensing Department Prototype III-216410/1 Power Factor

 PART 2 - PRODUCTS

2.01 CAPACITORS, GENERAL

A. Unusual Service Conditions: Capacitor equipment suitable for the following conditions:

B. Enclosure: Steel arranged to contain the fluid leakage from capacitor cells; factory
equipped with mounting brackets suitable for type of indoor mounting.

C. Construction: Modular construction multiple capacitor cells or elements, factory wired in

three-phase groups and mounted in metal enclosures, class IP 31.

D. Capacitor Cells: Dry, metalized-dielectric, self-healing type. Each cell shall

incorporate a HRC fuse and shall be encapsulated in thermosetting resin inside a plastic
container.

E. Cell Rupture Protection: Pressure-sensitive circuit interrupter for each cell.

F. Rated Power: As indicated on the drawings.

G. Total Losses: Less than 1.3W/KVAR

H. Capacitor-Bank Fuses: Current-limiting, non interchangeable type; factory installed in

each phase and located within the equipment enclosure. Features include the following:
1. Interrupting Capacity: 200,000 A, minimum.
2. Fuse Ratings and Characteristics: As recommended by capacitor manufacturer.
3. Neon Indicator Lamp for Each Fuse: Connect to illuminate when fuse has
opened, but is still in place, and locate so it is visible from outside the enclosure.

2.02 AUTOMATIC POWER FACTOR CORRECTION EQUIPMENT

A. Description: Capacitor banks, contactors, series reactors and controls and accessories
should be factory assembled in an independent enclosure. The capacitor bank and the
main distribution board (MDB) should be from a single manufacturer.

B. Performance Requirements: The Contractor shall employ a recognized specialist to

advise on the power factor correction / harmonic control requirements for the project as a
whole. Calculations shall be submitted to prove compliance with Total Harmonic
Distortion requirements as per Engineering Recommendations G-5/4.

C. Controls: Controls permit selection of a target power factor, adjustable to any value
between unity and 0.93 lagging. Controls continuously sense the power factor on circuits
being corrected and, when the power factor differs from the target setting for more than
10 seconds, operate a contractor to switch a capacitor bank into or out of the circuit.
Contactors are opened or closed as required to bring the corrected circuit power factor
closer to the target setting. Switch only one capacitor bank at a time.

Traffic Licensing Department Prototype III-216410/2 Power Factor

 Solid-state, microprocessor-based controls, including the following:
1. Undervoltage relay that interrupts capacitor switching and disconnects capacitors
for power supply interruptions longer than 15 minutes.
2. "Advance" and "Retard" push buttons on the control panel to permit manually
controlled capacitor-bank switching.

The power factor regulator shall be microprocessor based, programmable at site with a
full graphic display with customizable measurement overview. They shall be insensitive
to harmonics and have an automatic no-volt release, suitable for operating in
temperatures upto +70 degrees C. The PFR program shall permit different switching
sequences, at least 1:1:1...1or 1:2:2...2 or 1:2:4:4...4 or any other customer programmable
sequence.
The regulator should have a programmable protection thresh hold that will allow the
capacitor bank to be protected against such events as over and under-voltage, over
temperature and excessive harmonic distortion. The regulator should be able to compute
and display network information and capacitor bank information such as voltage, current,
harmonics spectra etc. Day and night time power factors should be settable on the
regulator along with the facility to log alarms by which the last 5 alarm messages can be
recorded and may be consulted any time. The regulator should also have an event logging
facility which records the maximum value logged between two resets of the selected
measured parameters. The Cos of phi shall be adjustable from 0.7 inductive to 0.7
capacitive. The capacitor switching time shall be adjustable from 1sec to 18 hours.

The regulator shall also automatically adapt itself to network phase rotation and CT
terminals and have a maximum consumption of 15 VA. The regulator should have a
power outage release which will result in automatic disconnection of all capacitors in
case of a power outage longer than 20secs.

D. Contactors: Three pole; rated for the repetitive high-inrush-switching duty in the
capacitor application.

E. Buses: Plated copper.

F. Fuses for Protection of Capacitor Banks: Rated to protect contactor, interconnecting

wiring, and capacitors.

G. Inductors: Air-core-type, connected in capacitor circuits; rated to limit switching surges

to within contactor ratings.

H. Mechanical Bracing for Current-Carrying Parts: Adequate to withstand the maximum

fault current to which they may be exposed.

I. Identification of Energized Capacitor Banks: LED indicating lamps on front panel.

J. Enclosure Access: Hinged door with hand-operated catch. Door is interlocked with
controls or main circuit breaker to de-energize capacitors when door is opened.

K. Local Display: LED or liquid-crystal digital type, mounted in door of enclosure.

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 1. Indicated target and actual power factors.
2. Accuracy: Plus or minus 1 percent.
3. Mounting: Flush or semi flush in unit door.

L. Current Transformer: Type, configuration, and ratio to suit sensing and mounting
conditions.

M. Main Circuit Breaker: Operable from outside the enclosure to disconnect the unit.
1. Operating handle can be padlocked.

N. Remote Monitoring Components: Sensors, associated communication modules, and

network interface units, matched to and compatible with electrical power monitoring and
control network. Communication module transmits data to remote monitoring devices.
Data includes actual corrected power factor.

2.03 SERIES REACTORS TO PREVENT AMPLIFICATION OF SYSTEM

HARMONICS

The 3 phase series reactors to be connected in series with each capacitor stage for
harmonic current suppression and to prevent resonance should be of iron cored type. The
current rating of the reactors should be increased suitably to take into account the effect
of harmonics in the network which could be generated by variable speed drives, dimmers,
elevators, UPS systems, fax machines, computers, fluorescent discharge lamps etc. The
offered reactors should undergo tests wherein the reactors should be subjected to
harmonic currents generated by harmonic generating test equipment. The magnitude of
these harmonic currents should correspond to the harmonic current magnitude in the
network.

The combination of capacitors and the reactors should be tuned below the lowest
harmonic present in the network. With the capacitors and suitable series reactors
connected it should be proved through submission of relevant calculations that the Total
Harmonic Voltage Distortion is within the limits as specified in G5/4 Engineering
Recommendations on Planning levels for Harmonic Voltage Distortion and the
connection of non-linear loads to Transmission Systems.

If the Total Harmonic Distortion limits are exceeded even with the use of the detuned
harmonic suppression capacitor banks, then appropriately rated Active Filters should be
proposed in conjunction with the detuned capacitor banks to limit the Total Harmonic
Distortion to below the specified limits in G5/4 Engineering Recommendations. The
specifications of Active Filters are furnished below.

2.04 ACTIVE HARMONICS FILTERS FOR HARMONIC SUPRESSION

The active filter should work on the principle of measurement of harmonic currents and
generate actively a harmonic spectrum in opposite phase to the measured distorting
harmonic current thereby cancelling the original harmonics.

Traffic Licensing Department Prototype III-216410/4 Power Factor

 A provisional rating of 120A Active Filters should be considered for each MDB to
comply with Total Harmonic Voltage Distortion at the point of common coupling is
below levels specified under G5/4 Engineering Recommendations on planning levels for
Harmonic Voltage Distortion.

The contractor shall employ a recognized specialist to advice on the exact harmonic
filter rating for the project as a whole. Calculations based on software simulation
shall be submitted to prove compliance with Total Harmonic Distortion
requirements as per Engineering Recommendations G-5/4.

The active filter shall be of parallel configuration and should filter with closed loop
control. The active filter should not require special Current Transformers. The active
filter shall monitor all three phases of the low voltage line current in real time by means
of a Digital Signal Processor (DSP). The output of the DSP unit in combination with a
micro-controller based system shall generate a pulse width modulated (PWM) signal to
control power modules based on IGBT (Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor) technology
which act as a current source. The PWM signal shall be of fixed switching frequency.
The system shall be operated under closed loop control and shall have a maximum
response time of not more than 40 milliseconds.

The control system shall be such that the active filter cannot be overloaded.
Simultaneous filtering shall be provided for 20 individual harmonics that shall be
individually programmable per harmonic up to the 25th harmonic. The filtering
efficiency shall be typically better than 97%. The operating power factor of the active
filter shall be programmable over the range 0.7 inductive to 0.7 capacitive. Both fixed
and dynamic reactive power compensation shall be available for selection by the
programmer. The active filter shall be protected against over current, short-circuit,
thermal overload and IGBT bridge abnormal operation.

The design of the active filters shall be such that the current rating of the filter system can
be increased by the addition of extra power modules. Optional graphic monitoring of the
wave shape shall be provided. Optional on-line harmonic analysis shall be provided.

After the installation of the Active Filters, harmonic measurements shall be carried out by
the vendor to prove that the Total harmonic voltage distortion is within the limits
confirmed by the vendor, at the time of award of the contract.

2.05 FACTORY FINISH

A. Manufacturer's standard enamel over corrosion-resistant treatment or primer coat.

2.06 SOURCE QUALITY CONTROL

A. Factory test power factor correction equipment before shipment. Include the following:
1. Routine capacitor production tests, including short-time overvoltage, capacitance,
leak, and dissipation-factor tests.
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 2. Functional test of all operations, controls, indicators, sensors, and protective
devices.

PART 3 - EXECUTION

3.01 INSTALLATION

A. Install freestanding equipment on concrete bases. Cast-in-place concrete is specified in

Division 3.

B. Maintain minimum workspace according to manufacturer's written instructions.

C. Connect remote monitoring communication module to electrical power monitoring and

control data network through appropriate network interface unit.

3.02 IDENTIFICATION

A. Identify components according to Section 16010.

3.03 FIELD QUALITY CONTROL

A. Manufacturer's Field Service: Engage a factory-authorized service representative to

inspect automatic power factor correction equipment installation and connections. Report
results in writing. Include the following:
1. Operational Test: After electrical circuits have been energized, connect and
observe units to confirm proper operation.
2. Replace damaged and malfunctioning controls and equipment.

B. Inspection: Perform external and internal inspections of capacitor equipment for damage
and for compliance with the Contract Documents and manufacturer's documentation.
Check electrical and mechanical bolted connections for required torquing.

C. Testing: Perform the following and certify compliance with test parameters:
1. Use test voltages 500 V minimum, for equipment rated 250 V and less, and
1000 V minimum, for equipment rated more than 250 V.
2. Apply test voltage for 60 seconds.
3. Investigate, report, and resolve insulation resistance less than that stated by
manufacturer's literature or less than allowable 25 megohms for equipment rated
250 V and less and 100 megohms for equipment rated more than 250 V.
4. Measure capacitance of pole-to-pole capacitor combinations and compare with
manufacturer's published values. Report readings, and investigate and resolve
discrepancies more than 10 percent of manufacturer's nominal values.
5. Energize circuits and demonstrate electrical operating features of automatic
power factor correction units according to manufacturer's written instructions.
6. Verify accuracy of remotely monitored parameters transmitted from automatic
power factor correction units by communication module.

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 D. Correct deficiencies shown by inspections and tests on site where possible, and retest;
otherwise, remove and replace with new units and retest.

3.04 ADJUSTING

A. Adjust for optimum automatic power factor correction.

B. Harmonic Analysis: After the commissioning of the detuned capacitor banks the supplier
of capacitor banks shall carry out measurements to confirm the Harmonic Distortion is
within the limits as confirmed.

3.05 CLEANING

A. After completing equipment installation, inspect unit components. Remove paint

splatters and other spots, dirt, and debris. Repair damaged finish to match original finish.

B. Clean components internally, on completion of installation, according to manufacturer's

written instructions.

C. Enclosure: NEMA 250, steel or aluminum, arranged to contain the fluid leakage from
capacitor cells; factory equipped with mounting brackets suitable for type of mounting
indicated.

3.06 DEMONSTRATION

A. Engage a factory-authorized service representative to train Owner's maintenance

personnel to adjust, operate, and maintain automatic power factor correction units.
Demonstrate method of determining optimum settings for system controls.

END OF SECTION 16410

Traffic Licensing Department Prototype III-216410/7 Power Factor