CHM580 T1

CONFIDENTIAL
UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MARA

TEST 1 – SEMESTER MARCH 2023
COURSE : SPECTROCHEMICAL METHOD OF ANALYSIS

COURSE CODE : CHM580
TIME : 1 ¼ Hours
NAME :
MATRIC NUMBER :
GROUP :
LECTURER’S NAME :
Answer ALL questions on the question paper.
QUESTION MARKS
TOTAL / 35
QUESTION 1 (15 Marks)
Part A: Circle the correct answer.
1. Match the process, which refers to the energy of a radiation transfer to an atom or
molecule that causes the movement of electrons from a lower to a higher energy level.
A. Reflection
B. Absorption
C. Emission
D. Scattering
2. A solution was analysed at 270 nm. However, the absorbance was greater than the
true concentration value. Determine the material of the cuvette that was utilised in that
analysis.
A. Fused silica
B. Glass
C. Quartz
D. KBr
3. Find the incorrect statement related to Beer’s Law.
A. Absorptivity used in the Beer’s Law equation is a constant for a given chemical
species at a specific wavelength.
B. Solution with higher concentration will have higher absorbance.
C. For polychromatic radiation, absorbance is directly proportional to the path
length (b) through the medium and the concentration (c) of the absorbing
species.
D. When the concentration is expressed in moles per litre and cell length is in cm,
the absorptivity is called the molar absorptivity with a unit of L.mol-1.cm-1
4. Find the following false statement on the standard addition method.
A. Consists of single-addition and multiple-addition methods.

B. Overcome error caused by components of the sample other than the analyte.
C. Also known as a calibration curve.
D. Involves adding one or more increments of a standard solution to sample aliquots
of the same size.
5. Choose the correct deviation in Beer’s Law that refers to ‘When the concentration of
the analyte in the solution is high (>10 mM), the analyte begins to behave differently
due to interactions with the solvent and other solute molecules’.
A. Chemical deviation.
B. Real deviation.
C. Instrumental deviation.
D. Positive deviation.
2
Part B
(a) An electromagnetic radiation was found to have a wavelength of 678 nm. Given h = 6.63
x 10-34 J.s and c = 3.00 x 108 ms-1.
(3 marks)
(i) Calculate the frequency of the radiation.
(ii) Determine the energy of the radiation.
(iii) Calculate the wavenumber (in cm-1) of the radiation.
(b) A multiple standard calibration method was used to determine the amount of ibuprofen
in a commercial ibuprofen syrup known as ProfenF. Exactly 5.0 mL of ibuprofen syrup
was pipetted and diluted to a 50 mL volumetric flask and was denoted as Sample 1.
Meanwhile, the absorbance of the five standard solutions was measured by UV-Vis
spectrometer in a 1-cm cell at 224 nm and was tabulated as follows:
Concentration of
Absorbance
standard (ppm)
0 0.01
10 0.12
20 0.21
30 0.31
40 0.40
3
(i) Sketch the standard calibration curve to the correct axis without using graph
paper.
(2 marks)
(ii) Given the equation for the standard calibration curve: y = 0.0097x + 0.016, and the
absorbance of Sample 1 is 0.38.
a) Determine the concentration (in ppm) of Sample 1.

(2 marks)
b) Calculate the concentration of ibuprofen (in ppm) in the commercial

ibuprofen syrup, Profen F.
(3 marks)
4
(a) Briefly describe any two (2) processes that a sample solution will undergo once it is
introduced into the flame of Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS).
(4 marks)
(b) Atomic absorption is used widely to analyse trace metals in various sample matrices.
Developing a quantitative atomic absorption method requires several considerations,
including choosing a method of atomisation. Table 2 compares the amount of analyte
needed to achieve an absorbance of 0.20 when using flame atomisation and
electrothermal atomisation.
Table 2: Concentration of analyte (in mg/L) that yields an absorbance of 0.20.
Element Flame Electrothermal

Atomization Atomisation
Ag 1.5 0.0035
Ca 0.8 0.003
Cd 0.6 0.001
(i) Determine which atomisation technique has greater sensitivity if the sample
contains 0.05 mg/L Ca2+.
(1 mark)
(ii) Suggest a reason for your answer in b(i).

(1 mark)
5
(c) Consider the following:
Case 1 Case 2
This interference is more common in hot
flames. The dissociation process does not The atomic absorption signal for iron (Fe)
stop at the formation of ground-state in a flame atomic absorption
atoms. The excess energy of the flame spectrometer decreased in the presence
leads to the excitation of ground-state of large concentrations of sulphate ions.
atoms to the ionic state by losing
electrons.
(i) Determine the type of interference involved in Cases 1 and 2.

(2 marks)
(ii) Propose a solution to eliminate the interference in each case.

(2 marks)
6
(a) Fill in the blanks with the correct terms and answer True or False for the following
questions:
i) The concentration of an unknown can be determined in quantitative analysis using

ICP-OES by plotting __________________ against concentration.
ii) The most common interference that happens in ICP-OES is _________________
iii) In ICP-OES, ionisation of the sample is avoided due to the presence of protons
and electrons in the plasma. (True / False)
iv) ICP-OES is a technique used for the quantitative analysis of metals and metalloids
in liquid samples. (True / False)
(4 marks)
(b) Plasma in ICP-OES offers significant benefits over a flame, making it a good technique
for elemental analysis in various fields, such as environmental monitoring,
pharmaceuticals, and food safety. State two (2) advantages of plasma over a flame.
(2 marks)
(c) Explain the mechanism involved in the generation of plasma in ICP-OES.

(4 marks)
END OF QUESTION PAPER

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CONFIDENTIAL

UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MARA

COURSE : SPECTROCHEMICAL METHOD OF ANALYSIS

Answer ALL questions on the question paper.

Part A: Circle the correct answer.

3. Find the incorrect statement related to Beer’s Law.

4. Find the following false statement on the standard addition method.

A. Consists of single-addition and multiple-addition methods.

(ii) Determine the energy of the radiation.

(iii) Calculate the wavenumber (in cm-1) of the radiation.

a) Determine the concentration (in ppm) of Sample 1.

b) Calculate the concentration of ibuprofen (in ppm) in the commercial

Table 2: Concentration of analyte (in mg/L) that yields an absorbance of 0.20.

Element Flame Electrothermal

(ii) Suggest a reason for your answer in b(i).

(i) Determine the type of interference involved in Cases 1 and 2.

(ii) Propose a solution to eliminate the interference in each case.

i) The concentration of an unknown can be determined in quantitative analysis using

ii) The most common interference that happens in ICP-OES is _________________

(c) Explain the mechanism involved in the generation of plasma in ICP-OES.

END OF QUESTION PAPER

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