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Concept Note
Title Determinant of Microcytic Anemia in Pregnancy: A Case Control Study Background: Microcytic anemia during pregnancy is a prevalent condition characterized by the presence of small red blood cells, often indicative of iron deficiency or other nutritional deficiency. It a significance public health concern due its association with adverse maternal and fetal outcomes, including preterm birth, low birth weight and maternal mortality, despite the known impact of microcytic anemia on pregnancy outcomes, the specific determinant of this condition remain poorly understood particularly in diverse population and settings. Rational: Understanding the multifaceted determinant of microcytic anemia in pregnancy is crucial for developing targeted interventions and improving maternal health outcomes. This case control study aims to explore the roles of dietary, nutritional, socioeconomic, lifestyle, and environmental factors in the development of microcytic anemia during pregnancy. By identifying these risk factors, the study will inform public health strategies, clinical guidelines, and interventions aimed at reducing the prevalence and impact of anemia in pregnant women. Study Objectives Primary Objectives
To identify risk factors associated with the occurrence of microcytic
anemia in pregnancy. Specific Objective To assess the role of dietary and nutritional factors in the development of microcytic anemia. To explore the impact of socioeconomic and lifestyle factors on anemia risk. To evaluate the contribution of environmental exposures to microcytic anemia. Research Questions 1. What are the primary dietary, lifestyle, and environmental risk factors associated with microcytic anemia in pregnancy? 2. Are there differences in genetic predisposition between women with or without microcytic anemia? 3. How do socioeconomic factors, including access to prenatal care and education, influence anemia risk? METHODOLOGY Study design: Case control study Population 1. Cases: This case control will involve recruiting 50 pregnant women with microcytic anemia as case. 2. Control: This case control will involve recruiting pregnant without microcytic anaemia as controls. Settings: Maternity antenatal clinic (Brite Life Clinic) Sample size: It will be determined based on the prevalence data and odds ratio for known risks factors, aiming for sufficient power to detect associations. Data Collection; 1. Questionnaires: Standardized, structured interviews to gather information on dietary intake, supplement use, lifestyle, socioeconomic status and obstetric history 2. Medical Records: Verification of anemia diagnosis, prenatal details, and historical health information. 3. Blood Test: If feasible, collection of blood samples for iron, ferritin and folate level to asses iron status directly. Data Analysis: 1. Calculate odds ratio to compare risk factors cases and controls. 2. Use logistics regression to adjust for confounders like age, socioeconomic status and obstetric history. Significance and Expected Outcomes The study’s findings are expected to: 1. Identify modifiable risk factors for microcytic anemia, particularly those related to diet and lifestyle, allowing for target health education and dietary interventions. 2. Highlight the importance of prenatal care access and support for at risk populations, potential guiding policy changes for earlier anemia screening and intervention. 3. Contribute data to the development of comprehensive guideline aimed at reducing anemia related complication in pregnancy. Budget and Resources 1. Personnel: Research assistant for data collection, data analyst. Laboratory technician (for blood test if applicable). 2. Data Collection: Costs associated with questionnaires, data entry, and participant transportation. ROAN 1. Laboratory Tests: Iron, ferritin, and folate level testing. 2. Other Cost: Printing, administrative support and ethical approval fees. Ethical Consideration Informed consent will be obtained from all participants. Data confidential will be maintained, and participant found undiagnosed anemia or related conditions will be referred for appropriate care. Timeline The study will be conducted over appropriate 6 months including a 3- month recruiting data collection and 3 months for data analysis and reporting. Conclusion This case-control study on microcytic anemia in pregnancy seeks to identify key risk factors that can be addressed to prevent- related complications. Findings will provide evidence to guide clinical practice and policy, with the ultimate aim of improving pregnancy outcomes and maternal health
