8.

futher differentiation (3)

1
y

y=2– 18
2x + 3
A
x
O

18
The diagram shows part of the curve y = 2 − , which crosses the x-axis at A and the y-axis at B.
2x + 3
The normal to the curve at A crosses the y-axis at C .

(i) Show that the equation of the line AC is 9x + 4y = 27. [6]

(ii) Find the length of BC . [2]

s/2010/11/7

1
2 It is given that f (x) = 3
− x3 , for x > 0. Show that f is a decreasing function. [3]
x
w/2012/13/2
3 The equation of a curve is y = 16 (2x − 3)3 − 4x.

dy
(i) Find . [3]
dx
(ii) Find the equation of the tangent to the curve at the point where the curve intersects the y-axis.
[3]

(iii) Find the set of values of x for which 16 (2x − 3)3 − 4x is an increasing function of x. [3]

s/2010/12/10

4 The volume of a solid circular cylinder of radius r cm is 2500 cm3 .

(i) Show that the total surface area, S cm2 , of the cylinder is given by
5000
S = 20r2 + . 2
r

(ii) Given that r can vary, find the stationary value of S. [4]

(iii) Determine the nature of this stationary value. [2]

s/2013/12/8
5 The non-zero variables x, y and u are such that u = x2 y. Given that y + 3x = 9, find the stationary
value of u and determine whether this is a maximum or a minimum value. [7]

s/2013/13/6

6 The equation of a curve is y = x3 + px2 , where p is a positive constant.

(i) Show that the origin is a stationary point on the curve and find the coordinates of the other
stationary point in terms of p. [4]

(ii) Find the nature of each of the stationary points. [3]

Another curve has equation y = x3 + px2 + px.

(iii) Find the set of values of p for which this curve has no stationary points. [3]
s/2015/11/9
7
xm

ym

A farmer divides a rectangular piece of land into 8 equal-sized rectangular sheep pens as shown in the
diagram. Each sheep pen measures x m by y m and is fully enclosed by metal fencing. The farmer
uses 480 m of fencing.

(i) Show that the total area of land used for the sheep pens, A m2, is given by
A = 384x − 9.6x2 . [3]

(ii) Given that x and y can vary, find the dimensions of each sheep pen for which the value of A is a
maximum. (There is no need to verify that the value of A is a maximum.) [3]

s/2016/11/5

12
8 The equation of a curve is y = .
x2 +3

dy
(i) Obtain an expression for . [2]
dx

(ii) Find the equation of the normal to the curve at the point P (1, 3). [3]

(iii) A point is moving along the curve in such a way that the x-coordinate is increasing at a constant
rate of 0.012 units per second. Find the rate of change of the y-coordinate as the point passes
through P. [2]
w/2009/11/7
9

The diagram shows the cross-section of a hollow cone and a circular cylinder. The cone has radius
6 cm and height 12 cm, and the cylinder has radius r cm and height h cm. The cylinder just fits inside
the cone with all of its upper edge touching the surface of the cone.

(i) Express h in terms of r and hence show that the volume, V cm3 , of the cylinder is given by

V = 12π r2 − 2π r3 . [3]

(ii) Given that r varies, find the stationary value of V . [4]

w/2005/5
10

The diagram shows an open container constructed out of 200 cm2 of cardboard. The two vertical end
pieces are isosceles triangles with sides 5x cm, 5x cm and 8x cm, and the two side pieces are rectangles
of length y cm and width 5x cm, as shown. The open top is a horizontal rectangle.

200 − 24x2
(i) Show that y = . [3]
10x

(ii) Show that the volume, V cm3 , of the container is given by V = 240x − 28.8x3 . [2]

Given that x can vary,

(iii) find the value of x for which V has a stationary value, [3]
(iv) determine whether it is a maximum or a minimum stationary value. [2]

w06/11/9

11 An increasing function, f, is defined for x > n, where n is an integer. It is given that f ′ x
= x2 − 6x + 8.

Find the least possible value of n. [3]
w19/11/2
 12
y

S (0, 12)

R Q (x, y)

T (16, 0)
x
O P

In the diagram, S is the point 0, 12
and T is the point 16, 0
. The point Q lies on ST , between S
and T , and has coordinates x, y
. The points P and R lie on the x-axis and y-axis respectively and
OPQR is a rectangle.

(i) Show that the area, A, of the rectangle OPQR is given by A = 12x − 34 x2 . [3]

(ii) Given that x can vary, find the stationary value of A and determine its nature. [4]
w/2013/6

13
D C
m
40 c
F A B
B 30Å 30Å
A
30Å 30Å
h cm

E E
Fig. 1 Fig. 2

Fig. 1 shows an open tank in the shape of a triangular prism. The vertical ends ABE and DCF are
identical isosceles triangles. Angle ABE = angle BAE = 30Å. The length of AD is 40 cm. The tank is
fixed in position with the open top ABCD horizontal. Water is poured into the tank at a constant rate
of 200 cm3 s−1 . The depth of water, t seconds after filling starts, is h cm (see Fig. 2).

(i) Show that, when the depth of water in the tank is h cm, the volume, V cm3 , of water in the tank
is given by V = 40ï3
h2 . [3]

(ii) Find the rate at which h is increasing when h = 5. [3]

w/2015/12/3
 3
14 The equation of a curve is y = 2 + .
2x − 1
dy
(i) Obtain an expression for . [2]
dx
(ii) Explain why the curve has no stationary points. [1]

At the point P on the curve, x = 2.

(iii) Show that the normal to the curve at P passes through the origin. [4]

(iv) A point moves along the curve in such a way that its x-coordinate is decreasing at a constant
rate of 0.06 units per second. Find the rate of change of the y-coordinate as the point passes
through P. [2]
w/2016/12/7

15 A function f is defined by f : x → x3 − x2 − 8x + 5 for x < a. It is given that f is an increasing function.

Find the largest possible value of the constant a. [4]
w/2017/11/2

16 The function f is defined by f x
= x3 + 2x2 − 4x + 7 for x ≥ −2. Determine, showing all necessary
working, whether f is an increasing function, a decreasing function or neither. [4]

w/2018/13/2