2 Edc

21ED18 -ELECTRICAL DRIVES AND CONTROL
1. How is the speed sensed in electrical drives?

Speed sensing in electrical drives is often done through encoders, resolvers, or
tachometers. Encoders (optical or magnetic) provide digital feedback based on position
changes, while resolvers use analog signals to give speed information. Tachometers
directly measure the speed of rotation by generating a voltage proportional to speed.
2. Give the method of sensing AC current in electrical drives.
AC current in electrical drives is commonly sensed using current transformers (CTs) or
Hall-effect sensors. CTs are widely used for high current measurements, while Hall-
effect sensors can measure AC current directly without physical contact, providing both
safety and accuracy.
3. Enumerate the applications of Phase-Locked-Loop (PLL) control.
Synchronization of signals in telecommunications.
Frequency synthesis in radio transmitters.
Motor speed control to maintain a stable frequency.
Clock recovery in digital communication systems.
Stabilization of oscillator frequency in communication devices.
4. Sketch the block diagram of closed-loop position control of an electrical drive.
5. Mention the necessity of closed-loop control in electrical drive.

Closed-loop control is essential for:
Ensuring precision and accuracy in speed and position.
Compensating for disturbances and load variations.
Providing feedback to adjust the drive performance in real-time.
Improving system stability and response under varying conditions.
6. Draw the block diagram of closed-loop current limit control of an electrical
drive.
7. Mention the speed control methods of three-phase induction motors.
Voltage control
Frequency control (V/f control)
Rotor resistance control (for wound-rotor motors)
Pole-changing
Slip power recovery
8. Give some merits and demerits of AC drives.
Merits:
High efficiency and reliability
Precise speed control
Better performance at variable speeds Demerits:
Higher initial cost compared to DC drives
Harmonic distortion can be introduced in the power system
9. Define Slip.
Slip is the difference between the synchronous speed and the actual rotor speed of an
induction motor, usually expressed as a percentage of the synchronous speed.
10. What is meant by slip-power recovery system?
A slip-power recovery system is a method used in wound-rotor induction motors to
recover the slip power (energy loss due to slip) and feed it back into the supply,
improving overall efficiency.
11. List the main features of V/f control.
Maintains a constant V/f ratio to keep flux constant
Enables smooth speed control over a wide range
Simple control strategy, often used for variable-speed drives
12. Name the power modulators used for V/f control of three-phase induction motor.
Voltage Source Inverter (VSI)
Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) inverters
Cycloconverters
13. Compare any two important features of Voltage Source Inverter (VSI) and
Current Source Inverter (CSI) drives.
VSI: Maintains a constant voltage, suited for constant torque applications.
CSI: Maintains a constant current, well-suited for high-inductance loads and variable
torque applications.
14. What is rotor resistance control of an induction motor?
Rotor resistance control involves adjusting the external resistance in the rotor circuit
of a wound-rotor induction motor to control its speed and torque.
15. Give the schemes of CSI-controlled induction motor drives.
Direct Current Source Inverter (CSI) drive
Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) CSI drive
16. Why are cycloconverter drives called gearless drives?
Cycloconverter drives are called gearless drives because they can directly control
motor speed without mechanical gearing, making them suitable for low-speed, high-
torque applications.
17. Compare V/f control and self-control of synchronous motor.
V/f Control: Maintains constant flux; used for induction motors.
Self-Control: The rotor follows the rotating magnetic field, making it suitable for
synchronous motors.
18. Mention the modes of variable frequency control of synchronous motor variable
speed drives.
Voltage Source Inverter (VSI) control
Current Source Inverter (CSI) control
Cycloconverter control
19. How does load commutation occur in synchronous motor drive?
Load commutation occurs when the load current provides the necessary reverse
voltage to turn off the thyristor, commonly used in Current Source Inverter (CSI)
drives for synchronous motors.
20. What is meant by marginal angle control of synchronous motor?
Marginal angle control adjusts the firing angle of thyristors to control the power factor
and efficiency of the synchronous motor.
21. What is vector control?
Vector control is a method of controlling AC motors by aligning the stator current
with rotor flux, allowing precise control of both speed and torque.
22. List the applications of BLDC motor.
Electric vehicles
Drones and unmanned aerial vehicles
Robotics and automation
Household appliances (fans, washing machines)
23. Compare stepper motor and servo motors.
Stepper Motor: Precise control of position without feedback; suited for open-loop
control.
Servo Motor: Uses feedback for precise control; suited for high-torque applications.
24. What are the different modes of excitation in a stepper motor?
Full-step excitation
Half-step excitation
Micro stepping
25. Write any two disadvantages of solar pump drive with a battery.
Limited operation time due to battery capacity
Higher cost due to the need for batteries and power management
26. Enumerate the applications of battery-powered drives.
Electric vehicles (EVs)
Portable power tools
Solar-powered water pumps
Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs)

2 Edc

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

2 Edc

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

2 Edc

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

21ED18 -ELECTRICAL DRIVES AND CONTROL

1. How is the speed sensed in electrical drives?

5. Mention the necessity of closed-loop control in electrical drive.

You might also like