Eng 1

ENGLISH SHORTHAND
(PITMAN METHOD)
SYLLABUS
CHAPTER I - THE CONSONANTS
INTRODUCTION - CONSONANTS - FORMS OF CONSONANTS – ARRANGEMENT OF GROUPS –
CLASSES OF CONSONANTS – PAIRS OF CONSONANTS – SIZE OF STROKES – NAMES OF
CONSONANTS – JOINED STROKES.
CHAPTER II – THE VOWELS

VOWELS - VOWEL SOUNDS – VOWEL SIGNS – VOWEL PLACES –VALUE OF VOWEL SIGNS –
VOWELS PRECEDING AND FOLLOWING STROKES
CHAPTER III - INTERVENING VOWELS AND POSITION

INTERVENING VOWELS – COMPOUND WORDS – POSITION OF OUTLINES –
GRAMMALOGUES – PUNCTUATION.
CHAPTER IV – ALTERNATIVE SIGNS FOR R AND H

ALTERNATIVE SIGNS FOR R AND H – CONSONANT R – CONSONANT – H – GRAMMALOGUES.
CHAPTER V – DIPHTHONGS
DIPHTHONGS – JOINED DIPHTHONGS – TRIPHONES – ABBREVIATED W– GRAMMALOGUES.
CHAPTER VI – PHRASEOGRAPHY
PHRASEOGRAPHY - PHRASING – TICK the – Downward the – Upward the.
CHAPTER VII – CIRCLE S AND Z

CIRCLE S AND Z –LEFT AND RIGHT MOTION – STROKE L AND CIRCLE – GRAMMALOGUES.
CHAPTER VIII – STROKE S AND Z

STROKE S AND Z – GRAMMALOGUES.
CHAPTER IX – LARGE CIRCLES SW AND SS OR SZ

SW CIRCLE – SS CIRCLE – PLURALS AND POSSESSIVES – LARGE CIRCLES IN PHRASEOGRAPHY -
GRAMMALOGUES.
CHAPTER X – LOOP ST AD STR

LOOP ST - LOOP STR – GRAMMALOGUES.
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CHAPTER XI – INITIAL HOOKS TO STRAIGHT STROKES AND CURVES

DOUBLE CONSONANTS – R HOOK TO STRAIGHTS STROKES - L HOOK TO STRAIGHTS STROKES
– R HOOK TO CURVED STROKES - L HOOK TO CURVED STROKES – SHR AND SHL – SMALL
HOOK TO NG – VOWELS AND DOUBLE CONSONANTS – EXTENDED USE OF L HOOKS –
GRAMMALOGUES.
CHAPTER XII – ALTERNATIVE FORMS

ALTERNATIVE FORMS – ADDITIONAL SIGNS FOR FR, VR ETC., - FL AND VL – INTERVENING
VOWELS – GRAMMALOGUES.
CHAPTER XIII – CIRCLE OR LOOP PRECEDING INITIAL HOOK

S BEFORE STRAIGHT STROKES HOOKED FOR R – S BEFORE OTHER HOOKED STROKES –
GRAMMALOGUES.
CHAPTER XIV – N AND F HOOKS

N HOOK – F-V HOOK – LN AND SH N – HOOKS USED MEDIALLY – SYLLABLE –NER – N AND F
HOOKS IN PHRASEOGRAPHY – GRAMMALOGUES.
CHAPTER XV – CIRCLES AND LOOPS TO FINAL HOOKS

STRAIGHT STROKES FOLLOWED BY NS – CURVES FOLLOWED BY NS – CIRCLE S ADDED TO F-V
HOOKS – MEDIAL NS OR NZ - GRAMMALOGUES.
CHAPTER XVI - THE SHUN HOOK

THE TERMINATION – SHUN – SHUN FOLLOWING CIRCLE S AND NS - SHUN HOOK MEDIALLY
– WORDS ENDING IN –UATION AND –UITION – GRAMMALOGUES.
CHAPTER XVII – THE ASPIRATE

UPWARD H – DOWNWARD H – FOLLOWING S ETC. – TICK H – DOT H – PHRASES.
CHAPTER XVIII – UPWARD AND DOWNWARD R

VOWEL PRECEDING R –VOWEL FOLLOWING R – R FINALLY HOOKED – MEDIAL R – PHRASES
AND CONTRACTIONS.
CHAPTER XIX – UPWARD AND DOWNWARD L AND SH

UPWARD L – L PRECEDING OR FOLLOWING CURVE AND CIRCLE – L AFTER N AD NG – L AND
VOWEL INDICATION –MEDIAL L – UPWARD AND DOWNWARD SH – PHRASES.
CHAPTER XX - COMPOUND CONSONANTS

INITIAL W – INITIAL W AND WH - STROKES L AND R THICKENED – ADDITION OF P OR B TO
M – ASPIRATED W –VOWEL PRECEDING W – STROKE L AFTER KW – USE OF LR AND RR SIGNS
– VOWEL AFTER FINAL R – HOOKED FORM OF MP – GRAMMALOGUES.
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CHAPTER XXI - VOWEL INDICATION

VOWELS IMPLIED – INITIAL VOWEL IMPLIED - INITIAL CONSONANT IMPLIED – FINAL VOWEL
IMPLIED – FINAL CONSONANT IMPLIED.
CHAPTER XXII - THE HALVING PRINCIPLE (SECTION 1)

GENERAL RULE – HALVING FOR EITHER T OR D – HALVING FOR T ONLY OR FOR D ONLY –
VOCALIZING HALF-LENGTH FORMS – CIRCLE S FOLLOWING HALF-LENGTH FORMS – HALF-
LENGTH H – HALVING PRINCIPLE NOT EMPLOYED – POSITION OF HALF-LENGTH FORMS –
GRAMMALOGUES.
CHAPTER XXIII - THE HALVING PRINCIPLE (SECTION 2)

STROKES M,N,L,R – RT AND LT – JOINING OF STROKES OF UNEQUAL LENGTH – PAST TENSES
– THE HALVING PRINCIPLE IN PHRASEOGRAPHY – GRAMMALOGUES.
CHAPTER XXIV – THE DOUBLING PRINCIPLE

THE GENERAL RULE – DOUBLING OF STRAIGHT STROKES – STROKES MP AND NG –
ALTERNATIVES FOR MPR, MBR – ALTERNATIVES FOR NG-KR, NG-GR – STROKE L – CIRCLE S
AND DOUBLE-LENGTH STROKES – PAST TENSES –DOUBLING PRINCIPLE NOT EMPLOYED –
POSITION OF DOUBLE-LENGTH STROKES – THE DOUBLING PRINCIPLE IN PHRASEOGRAPHY –
GRAMMALOGUES.
CHAPTER XXV – DIPHONIC OR TWO-VOWEL SIGNS

USES O DIPHONES – EXTENDED USE OF ANGULAR SIGN.
CHAPTER XXVI – MEDIAL SEMICIRCLE

LEFT AND RIGHT SEMICIRCLES .
CHAPTER XXVII – PREFIXES

INITIAL COM- OR CON- - MEDIAL COM- - ACCOM- INTRO- MAGNA- TRANS- SELF- AND SELF-
CON- OR SELF-COM- - IN-BEFORE STR, SKR, AND H – NEGATIVE WORDS – LOGOGRAMS –
GRAMMALOGUES.
CHAPTER XXVIII – SUFFIXES AND TERMINATIONS

-ING, -ALITY –LOGICAL-LY - -MENT –MENTAL-LY-ITY –LY –SHIP –FULNESS AND –LESSNESS OR
–LOUSNESS – WARD –WART,-WORT, - YARD COMPOUND WORDS – PHRASES.
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CHAPTER XXIX – CONTRACTIONS

OMISSION OF CONSONANTS – OTHER GENERAL CONTRACTIONS.
CHAPTER XXX – FIGURES - ADVANCED PHRASEOGRAPHY

FIGURES – ACCENT ETC. – PROPER NAMES - ESSENTIAL VOWELS – SPECIAL CONTRACTIONS –
ADVANCED PHRASEOGRAPHY.
CHAPTER XXXI - NOTE-TAKING, TRANSCRIPTION ETC.

NOTE-TAKING – UNVOCALIZED OUTLINES – POSITION WRITING – PRACTISING THE RULES –
KNOWLEDGE OF OUTLINES – KNOWLEDGE OF CONTRACTED FORMS – METHOD OF
PRACTICE REGULAR PRACTICE – VARIED DICTATION – CONCENTRATION – PUNCTUATION IN
NOTE-TAKING – REPORTING TECHNICAL MATTER.
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ENGLISH SHORTHAND

CHAPTER II – THE VOWELS

CHAPTER III - INTERVENING VOWELS AND POSITION

CHAPTER IV – ALTERNATIVE SIGNS FOR R AND H

CHAPTER VII – CIRCLE S AND Z

CHAPTER VIII – STROKE S AND Z

CHAPTER IX – LARGE CIRCLES SW AND SS OR SZ

CHAPTER X – LOOP ST AD STR

CHAPTER XI – INITIAL HOOKS TO STRAIGHT STROKES AND CURVES

CHAPTER XII – ALTERNATIVE FORMS

CHAPTER XIII – CIRCLE OR LOOP PRECEDING INITIAL HOOK

CHAPTER XIV – N AND F HOOKS

CHAPTER XV – CIRCLES AND LOOPS TO FINAL HOOKS

CHAPTER XVI - THE SHUN HOOK

CHAPTER XVII – THE ASPIRATE

CHAPTER XVIII – UPWARD AND DOWNWARD R

CHAPTER XIX – UPWARD AND DOWNWARD L AND SH

CHAPTER XX - COMPOUND CONSONANTS

CHAPTER XXI - VOWEL INDICATION

CHAPTER XXII - THE HALVING PRINCIPLE (SECTION 1)

CHAPTER XXIII - THE HALVING PRINCIPLE (SECTION 2)

CHAPTER XXIV – THE DOUBLING PRINCIPLE

CHAPTER XXV – DIPHONIC OR TWO-VOWEL SIGNS

CHAPTER XXVI – MEDIAL SEMICIRCLE

CHAPTER XXVII – PREFIXES

CHAPTER XXVIII – SUFFIXES AND TERMINATIONS

CHAPTER XXIX – CONTRACTIONS

CHAPTER XXX – FIGURES - ADVANCED PHRASEOGRAPHY

CHAPTER XXXI - NOTE-TAKING, TRANSCRIPTION ETC.

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