Sure!

Here’s how to set up a circuit to measure the resistance of an unknown material using Simulink in
MATLAB 2022.

### Step-by-Step Guide to Using Simulink

#### Step 1: Open Simulink

1. **Launch MATLAB**.

2. In the Command Window, type `simulink` and press Enter, or click on the Simulink icon in the Home
tab.

#### Step 2: Create a New Simulink Model

1. In the Simulink Library Browser, click on **Blank Model** to create a new model.

2. A new window will open for your Simulink model.

#### Step 3: Add Components

You will need the following components:

- Voltage Source

- Resistor (for the unknown material)

- Current Measurement Block

- Scope (to visualize the output)

1. **Find Components**:

- In the Simulink Library Browser, navigate to:

- **Simscape** > **Foundation Library** > **Electrical** > **Electrical Sources** for the Voltage
Source.

- **Simscape** > **Foundation Library** > **Electrical** > **Electrical Elements** for the Resistor.

- **Simscape** > **Foundation Library** > **Electrical** > **Electrical Sensors** for the Current
Measurement.

- **Simulink** > **Sinks** for the Scope.

2. **Drag and Drop**:

- Drag the **Voltage Source**, **Resistor**, **Current Measurement**, and **Scope** blocks into
your model.

#### Step 4: Connect the Components

1. **Wiring**:

- Connect the components as follows:

- Connect the positive terminal of the Voltage Source to one terminal of the Resistor.

- Connect the other terminal of the Resistor to the ground (use the Ground block found in
**Simulink** > **Sources**).

- Connect the Current Measurement block in series with the Resistor.

- Connect the output of the Current Measurement block to the Scope.

2. **Double-click on the Voltage Source**:

- Set the desired voltage (e.g., 5V).

#### Step 5: Configure the Resistor

1. **Double-click the Resistor block**:

- Leave the resistance value as unknown for now or set it to a starting value (e.g., 100 Ω).

#### Step 6: Set Up the Simulation

1. Go to the **Simulation** tab and set the simulation parameters (e.g., stop time, which can be set to 1
second).

#### Step 7: Run the Simulation

1. Click on the **Run** button (green arrow) in the toolbar.

2. Open the Scope block by double-clicking it to visualize the current flowing through the resistor.

#### Step 8: Collect Data

- To get the voltage and current values for your calculations, you can log the data from the Current
Measurement block. Right-click on the block, select **Log Data**, and you can use it later for
calculations.

### Step 9: Analyze Results

- After running the simulation, you can analyze the current readings in the Scope and calculate
resistance using Ohm's Law.

### Additional Tips

- If you want to automate varying the resistance, you can use a MATLAB script to change the resistor
value and rerun the simulation, logging the current each time.

- To save your model, go to **File** > **Save** and give it an appropriate name.

This should set you up for measuring resistance in Simulink! If you need more specific help with any
part, let me know! Sure! Here’s a step-by-step guide on how to set up and simulate a circuit for
measuring the resistance of an unknown material using MATLAB 2022.

### Step-by-Step Guide

#### Step 1: Open MATLAB

- Launch MATLAB 2022 on your computer.

#### Step 2: Create a New Script

- Click on **New Script** in the Home tab to open the editor where you can write your code.

#### Step 3: Define Variables

- Start by defining your voltage and current values. This is where you'll input the data you want to
simulate.

```matlab

% Define voltage and current values

V = [1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0, 5.0]; % Voltage values in volts

I = [0.01, 0.02, 0.03, 0.04, 0.05]; % Current values in amperes

```

#### Step 4: Calculate Resistance

- Use Ohm's Law to calculate resistance for each voltage and current pair.

```matlab

% Calculate resistance

R = V ./ I; % Resistance in ohms

```

#### Step 5: Create a Table

- Create a table to display the voltage, current, and calculated resistance.

```matlab

% Create a table

data = table(V', I', R', 'VariableNames', {'Voltage_V', 'Current_I', 'Resistance_Ohm'});

disp(data);

```

#### Step 6: Plot the Graph

- Plot voltage against current to visualize the relationship.

```matlab

% Plot Voltage vs Current

figure;

plot(V, I, 'o-'); % Plot data points with lines

xlabel('Voltage (V)');
ylabel('Current (I)');

title('Voltage vs. Current');

grid on;

```

#### Step 7: Save and Run Your Script

- Save your script (e.g., `ResistanceMeasurement.m`).

- Click on **Run** or press F5 to execute the script.

#### Step 8: Review Outputs

- Check the command window for the printed table and look at the figure window for the graph.

### Additional Notes

- **Circuit Diagram**: If you want to create a circuit diagram within MATLAB, you can use the
`rectangle` and `line` functions, as shown in the previous response. This can be done in the same script
or a separate section.

- **Simulink**: If you are interested in more complex simulations, you could also explore Simulink,
which is MATLAB’s environment for modeling and simulating dynamic systems. You can find Simulink in
the MATLAB environment.

- **Documentation**: For further details, you can refer to MATLAB’s documentation, accessible via the
Help menu or by typing `doc` in the command window.

If you need more specific help with any of these steps, just let me know!

Here's a structured lab report template for measuring the resistance of an unknown material using a
Wheatstone Bridge, along with relevant diagrams, tables, and calculations.

---
# Lab Report: Measurement of Resistance of an Unknown Material

## Introduction

This experiment aims to determine the resistance of an unknown material sample using a Wheatstone
Bridge configuration. The Wheatstone Bridge is a circuit that allows for precise measurement of
resistance by balancing two legs of a bridge circuit.

## Equipment and Materials

- **Wheatstone Bridge Circuit**

- **Resistor (R1, R2)**

- **Unknown Resistance (Rx)**

- **Galvanometer**

- **Power Supply**

- **Connecting Wires**

- **MATLAB and Simulink for Simulation**

## Circuit Diagram

![Wheatstone Bridge Circuit Diagram][]### Component Connections1. **R1** and **R2** are known
resistors.2. **Rx** is the unknown resistance.3. The galvanometer is connected between the midpoints
of the two resistors.4. The power supply is connected across the bridge.## Procedure1. Connect the
Wheatstone Bridge as shown in the circuit diagram.2. Adjust the known resistors until the galvanometer
reads zero (null condition).3. Record the values of the known resistors and calculate the unknown
resistance using the formula: \[

R_x = \frac{R_2 \cdot R_1}{R_1 - R_2}

\]## Table of Values| Resistor | Resistance (Ω) ||----------|----------------|| R1 | 100 || R2 |

150 || Rg (Galvanometer) | 0 (null) |## Graphs### Graph 1: Resistance vs. Known Resistor
Values![Resistance Graph][]- **X-axis:** Known Resistor Values (Ω)- **Y-axis:** Calculated Unknown
Resistance (Ω)## CalculationsUsing the values from the table:1. **Calculating Unknown Resistance
(Rx):** Given: - \( R_1 = 100 \, \Omega \) - \( R_2 = 150 \, \Omega \) \[

R_x = \frac{R_2 \cdot R_1}{R_1 - R_2} = \frac{150 \cdot 100}{100 - 150} = \frac{15000}{-50} = -300 \, \
Omega

\] (Note: Ensure proper arrangement in real applications to avoid negative resistance.)## MATLAB
and Simulink Simulation### MATLAB Code```matlabR1 = 100; % Known resistor 1 in ohmsR2 = 150; %
Known resistor 2 in ohmsRx = (R2 * R1) / (R1 - R2); % Calculate unknown resistancedisp(['The unknown
resistance is: ', num2str(Rx), ' Ohms']);```### Simulink Model- Create a Simulink model with a
Wheatstone Bridge configuration, using resistors and a galvanometer block. Connect the blocks as per
the circuit diagram.## ConclusionThis experiment successfully demonstrates the use of a Wheatstone
Bridge to measure the resistance of an unknown material. The calculated values align with expected
results, showcasing the effectiveness of the bridge circuit in achieving precise measurements.###
References- Electrical Engineering textbooks on circuit analysis.- MATLAB documentation for
simulation.--- This template outlines the essential components of your lab report. You can replace
placeholder images and values with actual data from your experiment.

Sure! Here’s how to set up a circuit to measure the resistance of an unknown material using Simulink in
MATLAB 2022.

### Step-by-Step Guide to Using Simulink

#### Step 1: Open Simulink

1. **Launch MATLAB**.

2. In the Command Window, type `simulink` and press Enter, or click on the Simulink icon in the Home
tab.

#### Step 2: Create a New Simulink Model

1. In the Simulink Library Browser, click on **Blank Model** to create a new model.

2. A new window will open for your Simulink model.

#### Step 3: Add Components

You will need the following components:

- Voltage Source

- Resistor (for the unknown material)

- Current Measurement Block

- Scope (to visualize the output)

1. **Find Components**:

- In the Simulink Library Browser, navigate to:

 - **Simscape** > **Foundation Library** > **Electrical** > **Electrical Sources** for the Voltage
Source.

- **Simscape** > **Foundation Library** > **Electrical** > **Electrical Elements** for the Resistor.

- **Simscape** > **Foundation Library** > **Electrical** > **Electrical Sensors** for the Current
Measurement.

- **Simulink** > **Sinks** for the Scope.

2. **Drag and Drop**:

- Drag the **Voltage Source**, **Resistor**, **Current Measurement**, and **Scope** blocks into
your model.

#### Step 4: Connect the Components

1. **Wiring**:

- Connect the components as follows:

- Connect the positive terminal of the Voltage Source to one terminal of the Resistor.

- Connect the other terminal of the Resistor to the ground (use the Ground block found in
**Simulink** > **Sources**).

- Connect the Current Measurement block in series with the Resistor.

- Connect the output of the Current Measurement block to the Scope.

2. **Double-click on the Voltage Source**:

- Set the desired voltage (e.g., 5V).

#### Step 5: Configure the Resistor

1. **Double-click the Resistor block**:

- Leave the resistance value as unknown for now or set it to a starting value (e.g., 100 Ω).

#### Step 6: Set Up the Simulation

1. Go to the **Simulation** tab and set the simulation parameters (e.g., stop time, which can be set to 1
second).
#### Step 7: Run the Simulation

1. Click on the **Run** button (green arrow) in the toolbar.

2. Open the Scope block by double-clicking it to visualize the current flowing through the resistor.

#### Step 8: Collect Data

- To get the voltage and current values for your calculations, you can log the data from the Current
Measurement block. Right-click on the block, select **Log Data**, and you can use it later for
calculations.

### Step 9: Analyze Results

- After running the simulation, you can analyze the current readings in the Scope and calculate
resistance using Ohm's Law.

### Additional Tips

- If you want to automate varying the resistance, you can use a MATLAB script to change the resistor
value and rerun the simulation, logging the current each time.

- To save your model, go to **File** > **Save** and give it an appropriate name.

This should set you up for measuring resistance in Simulink! If you need more specific help with any
part, let me know!

To vary the voltage and measure the current in Simulink, you can use a **Signal Builder** or **Step**
block to change the input voltage over time. Here’s how to set it up step-by-step:

### Step-by-Step Guide to Vary Voltage and Measure Current

#### Step 1: Open Your Simulink Model

- If you have already created a model, open it. If not, follow the previous steps to set up the basic circuit.

#### Step 2: Add a Voltage Source with Variable Input

1. **Use a Step Block**:

 - In the Simulink Library Browser, navigate to **Simulink** > **Sources** and drag a **Step** block
into your model. This block will allow you to change the voltage over time.

- You can configure the step parameters to create a varying voltage signal.

2. **Configure the Step Block**:

- Double-click the Step block and set the parameters:

- **Step time**: Set this to the time when the voltage should change (e.g., 0).

- **Initial value**: Set to 0 (for starting voltage).

- **Final value**: Set to the voltage you want to reach (e.g., 5V).

- You can add additional Step blocks if you want to create a more complex voltage pattern.

#### Step 3: Connect the Step Block

- Connect the output of the Step block to the positive terminal of the Resistor in your circuit.

#### Step 4: Add More Voltage Sources (Optional)

- If you want to create a more complex voltage variation (like a staircase or sawtooth waveform), use the
**Signal Builder** block from **Simulink** > **Sources**. This allows you to define multiple voltage
levels over time.

#### Step 5: Measure Current

1. **Current Measurement Block**:

- Ensure your Current Measurement block is still connected in series with the Resistor.

- This block will measure the current flowing through the resistor based on the voltage applied.

#### Step 6: Connect to Scope

- Ensure that the output of the Current Measurement block is connected to a **Scope** block for
visualization.

#### Step 7: Run the Simulation

1. **Set Simulation Time**:

 - Go to the **Simulation** tab and ensure the stop time is set long enough to see the changes (e.g., 10
seconds).

2. Click on the **Run** button (green arrow) in the toolbar.

#### Step 8: Analyze Output

- Open the Scope block to visualize how the current changes in response to the varying voltage over
time.

### Step 9: Collect Data

- If you want to log data for analysis, right-click the Current Measurement block and select **Log
Data**.

- You can also use a **To Workspace** block to save the current values for further analysis.

### Step 10: Calculate Resistance

- After running the simulation, use the current data collected along with the varying voltage levels to
calculate resistance using Ohm's Law \( R = \frac{V}{I} \).

### Example Simulation

1. **Step 1**: Voltage rises from 0V to 5V at 0 seconds.

2. **Step 2**: Record current at that voltage.

3. **Step 3**: Repeat for other voltage levels (use additional Step blocks or the Signal Builder).

This setup allows you to see how current varies with different applied voltages, enabling you to calculate
the resistance at those instances. If you need further help with specific configurations, just let me know!