Book BarnsOutbuildingsFences

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ARNS,
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STABLES,
OUTBUILDINGS XSD
FENCES.
ILLUSTRATED WITH A SERIES OF 120 ORIGINAL DESIGNS
AND PLANS, WITH DESCRIPTIVE MATTER.
BT
GEORGE E. HARNEY,
ARCHITECT,
COLD SPRING, N. Y., AND NEWBURGH, N. T.
NEW YOEK:
GEO. E. WOODWARD.
#\^
r^"^"
Entered according to an Act of Congress in the year 1870, by
GEORGE E. HARNEY,
In the Clerk's office of the District Court of the United States for the Southern District of New York,
and copy deposited in the Library of Congress
TABLE OF CONTENTS
AND DESCRIPTION OF PLATES.
SECTION FIRST—Stables.
Plate No. 1. —A Cheap Stable for Two Horses.

" "
2. —A Cheap Stable for Two Horses and a Cow.
" " 3. —An Ornamental Stable Two Horses. for
" "
4. —A Brick Stable a Horse and Cow.
for
« «
5.—A Side-Hill Stable.
« « 6.—A Brick Stable for Two Horses.
« «
7.—A Wooden Stable for Three Horses.
« "
8.—A Brick Stable for Three Horses.
« " 9.—A Brick Stable with Shed Attached.
« "
10.—A Brick Stable with Box Stall.
" " —A Basement Stable Four Horses.
11. for
" " —An Ornamental Stable Four Horses.
12. for
" "13 and —A Large Stable of French Design.
14.
« "
15.—A Stone Stable.
" "
16 and 17. —A Complete Stable with Lodge and Sheds.
« " 18 and 19.— A Brick Stable for Eight Horses.
SECTION SECOND —^Faem BuiLDrNGs and Outbuildings.
Plates No. 20 and 21. —Plumbiish Farmhouse.

" " 22 and 23.—Plumbush Barn.
CONTENTS.
Plate No. 24. —Plumbush Henery, etc.
" " and 27.—Barn

25, 26 for a
Large Stock Farm,
" "
28.— Manure-Pit for the Same.
" "
29, —Dairy Building for the Same.
« "
30 and 31.—A Basement Barn.
« «
32.— Outbuilding for a Village Lot.
" "
33. —Another Outbuilding.
« "
34.—Stable and Shed Combined.
" "
35.— A Complete Outbuilding.
" "
36. —Design a Poultry-House.
for
" "
37. —An Extensive Poultry-House,
" " 38. —An Ornamental Poultry- House.
« "
39.—An Ice- House.
" "
40. —A Swiss Farm-House.
" "
41.—A Billiard-House.
SECTION THIRD—Gates, Gateways and Fences.
Plate No. 42. —Six Designs Finished Fences.

for
" "
43. —Six Iron and Stone Fences,
« "
44.—Six Rustic Fences.
" "
45 —Two Rustic Gateways.
" "
46. —^Two Rustic Gateways.
" "
47. —Three Carriage Gateways.
« "
48.—Six Single Gates.
« «
49.—A Stone Gate-House.
« "
50.—Six Rustic Structures,
SUPPLEMENT,
Plates Nos. 51 to 62. —Stable Fittings and Furnittire.
PREFACE.
In the following pages will be found a series of designs for the different kinds of out-
buildings required on farms and country places generally, and on village and suburban lots,
besides a number of suggestions for gateways and fences, and for mstic structures of several
kinds.
The work is divided into three sections.
Section First comprises sixteen designs for stables of various style and accommodation,
commencing with a cheap building for a small village lot, and concluding with an expensive
structure for a large and complete country place.
Some of the designs are for wood construction, some for brick, and one for stone, but
suit the fancy of the builder.
any design the material may of course be varied
in to
In Section Second will be found illustrations of various kinds of buildings suitable for
farming purposes, besides a number of designs

for the smaller kinds of buildings which are
adjuncts to the houses on suburban and village lots

— such as wood-houses, tool -houses,
workshops, poultry-houses, an ice-house, a Swiss Chalet, and a design for a small billiard-
house. There are two sets of complete farm buildings in this section, one of which has
been erected near Cold Spring, N. Y. The other set was designed for erection in
Lexing-
ton, Ky., but, so far as we know, has never been carried into execution.
Section TTii/rd is devoted principally to enclosures ;

and we here present designs for
rustic and finished fences and gateways, covered gateways, carriage gates, a design for a
gate-house and gate combined, and several other

rustic structures — such a staibles, sum-
mer-houses, well houses, etc.
(v)
VI PREFACE.
It has been our aim to present as great a variety of designs as possible, and, altbougb
it would be impossible to suit all tastes as to design, and all requirements as to accommoda-
tion, in a work of this kind, yet it is hoped that, as most of them have been made to suit
cases occurring in the ordinary run of professional practice, they will meet the general
demands of the market.

No estimates are given. Prices in these times vary so much in different sections of the
country, and in the same sections even, at different times, that it would not be possible to
give actual and accurate figures suited to all. Even in the same locality, six months may
make a complete change in the prices of labor and materials, and estimates of cost given
now would only serve to mislead instead of aiding the person desiring to build. Therefore,
it has been thought advisable to omit them, saying only, by way of a hint, that, generally
speaking, a plain wooden stable large enough to accommodate one horse and a couple of
carriages, would cost about $400 ;

one for two horses, $500 to $600, and for three horses, $800
to $900. A brick stable would cost about one-third more than one of the same design
built of wood ;
and stone, three-quarters moi'e, or nearly double.
STABLES, OUTBUILDINGS, AND FENCES.
SECTION FIRST— Stables.

SECTION SECOND—Faem Baens and Outbuildings.
SECTION THIRD—Gates. Gateways and Fences.

SECTION FIRST.
STABLES.
SECTION FIRST.
Plate No. 1.
A CHEAP STABLE FOE TWO HOESES.

Commencing with the cheapest and simplest, we offer this design for a small wooden stable.
The main portion of the building is

eighteen feet square, and one story and a half
high. In the first story is the carriage-room, occupying the whole of the space, and over it is
the loft for storing hay and grain. The main carriage-doors are seen in the perspective view,
and are made swing outward, being hung on heavy wrought iron strap hinges, and fastened
to
by the ordinary swinging bar and hook on the inside. The hay loft is filled through the door
in the end directly over the carriage-room window. At the rear of this main portion is a
one-story lean-to, the highest part of its roof being on a line with the plate of the main roof,
which is about three feet above the loft floor. The lean-to roof slants from this to the
rear, where it is about nine feet high. This rear part is sixteen feet by eighteen, and has two
stalls, each five feet by nine. There is a passage at the back of the stalls of seven feet in
width, besides another five feet wide, leading to the carriage-room. The feed is all kept in
the loft, and is mixed there, and distributed to the stalls by shoots running down to the
mangers. A ventilating shaft also runs up to the ridge and discharges into the ventilator
seen in the picture. The stairway to the loft is at the side of the right hand stall, and
underneath is a harness-closet opening from the carriage-room. The stalls are lighted by
two twelve-light windows in the rear wall, and, besides these, there are two doors in this
part, one leading to the stable-yard on the left, and the other to the manure-yard, on the
right of the plan. The manure-yard is twelve feet by eighteen, and is designed to be sur-
rounded by a tight board fence six feet high, with a wide gateway in some convenient place,
for loading its contents into a wagon when it is to be cleaned out.
The construction of this building is very simple. The walls may be studded up and
clapboarded, or boarded up vertically and battened. The roof is shingled, and the eaves
project two feet all around. The floors are of two-inch plank, and the foundations of rough
stone,commencing about three feet below the surface of the ground, and stopping just above
the grade line. The base, corner boards and window and door trimmings are of pine, inch and
a quarter thick and five inches wide, and the doors are of two thicknesses screwed together.
An improvement on this plan would be to put the main barn doors where the window is,
in the gable end, and then build a lean-to on the nearest side, exactly similar to the one on the
other side. Leave the front open, and use the space as a shed to drive under and tie a horse
in at any time. The building would then be perfectly symmetrical, and very complete for
so small a stable.
Section First. Plate No. I
A Cheap Stable for Two Horses.
PERSPECTIVE VIEW
PASSAGE 7 TTwide
MANURE
YARD
-
12 IB
PASSAGE STALL
5 FT
Carriage Room
Li PLAN
SECTION FIRST.
Plate No. 2.
A CHEAP STABLE FOE TWO HORSES AND A COW.
This design, somewhat larger than No. 1, was built a few years ago for a gentleman in
Massachusetts, at a cost of less than five hundred dollars, and is a fair sample of the accom-
modation usually required for an ordinary New England village stable.
It measures twenty-five feet by thirty-two, is built of wood and covered in the vertical
and battened manner, and has a shingled surmounted by a ventilator.

roof,
The treatment of the exterior could not well be more simple, as regard was had to tlie
strictest economy in every particular.
There is no but the ends of the boards project down over the face of the brick
base,
underpinning an inch or two, to cover the joint of the sill, and there are sawed square off.
The window and door trimmings are five inches wide, and the eaves project eighteen inches,
and are bordered by a simple strip, four inches in width, nailed against the ends of the raft-
ers, and this same finish is carried up the gables, and also around the little gable over the
hay-loft door.
Inside, we find a carriage-room twelve feet by twenty-five, having a double door in the
front, and a smaller one leading to the horse-stalls two stalls for horses, each five feet by
;
nine ;
a cow stall four feet wide a ;
staircase leading up to the hay-loft, with a closet under-
neath it ;
a large closet for harnesses, and a tool-room adjoining it ;
another closet for feed,
and close by it a pump, drawing water from a neighboring cistern into a trough, marked
W, together with two other troughs, marked T, T, for mixing fodder, etc.
The second floor is for storing hay, which is supplied to the troughs by means of shoots.
A large ventilating shaft terminates in the ventilator, seen in the perspective view. The
manure-yard is on the right, and is enclosed by a high fence, so overrun by Virginia creeper
that it is
hardly seen. And here let us remark, that every stable, however small or however
situated — but particularly
be on a village lot
if it —
should have its manure-yard always
enclosed by a fence or screen of some kind. A
manure heap is never a pretty thing to look
at, but a screen can always be made attractive, especially if covered with vines or flanked
by evergreens ;
were roofed over to prevent the manure being washed off
still better if it
by the rains, the roof being supported on posts and braced up with strong and simple
brackets, and the eaves made to project two or three feet. This sort of an addition would
not cost much, but would add consideiably to the value of the building.
Section First. Plate No. 2
A Cheap Stable for Two Horses, and A Cow.
Perspective View
Closet
Tool Room
Carriage Room Ê
YARD
Passage
Plan
SECTION FIRST.
Plate No. 3.
AN ORNAMENTAL STABLE FOR TWO HORSES.
This design was made for a gentleman in Newburgh, but was discarded in favor of a
larger one, illustrated some pages fui'ther on.

It measures twenty by forty feet, with posts fifteen feet high from the bottom of the
sill to the top of the plate. The foundations and underpinning are of stone, and the frame
is covered on the outside with boarding and clapboard ing up to the line of the belt-course
seen in the perspective view, and above the belt the walls are boarded vertically with pine
boards, and battened with two by three-inch battens, the frame here being furred out one
inch to make the upper work fiush with the lower. The belt course is of two-inch plank,
and has a projecting beveled cap on the top to shed the water. The eaves project three and
a half feet, and in the front are two breaks forming hoods over the hay-loft window and
door. A large ventilator surmounts the ridge, and the roofs are covered with slates cut in
patterns and put on in two colors, red and black. The exterior finish of the doors and
windows bold and heavy, and the eaves have heavy brackets of solid four-inch stuff.
is
The doors are all double and braced on the outside, and the large ones are made to slide
apart on the inside, though this is not shown on the plan on account of the smallness of the
scale. The chimney starts from the harness room, where there is a hole for a stove-pipe.
The carriage-room is twenty feet by twenty-two, and nine feet high, and has a small
closet in one corner.
There are two stalls, with plank floors laid on locust beams. In
each five by nine feet,
front of each stall is a ventilating window protected by an iron grating. The harness-room
is seven by nine feet, and has racks on each side for
hanging harness, and cupboards for
other purposes. The feed boxes are supplied by shoots from the story above, where the
SECTION FIRST — PLATE NO. 3.
bins are, for storing grain. The interior of this stable is better finished than the two former
designs. The floor is of plank deafened with three inches of deafening mortar, and the
space behind the sill, and between the ends of the floor-beams where they rest on the under-
pinning, is filled up with bricks and mortar to the tops of the beams, in order to prevent
rats woi'kiug their way up. All the walls and partitions are ceiled up to the height of four
feet with pine ceiling, and this space filled with bricks and mortar one foot high all around.
Above the wainscoting the walls are lathed and plastered, as are also the ceilings. The
windows and doors are all trimmed with four-inch inside architraves.
The second story is not finished. It is reached by means of a hanging staircase or step-
ladder, which, when not in use, is pulled up to the ceiling by a rope and pulley attached
for the purpose, an arrangement which saves a considerable room, and may with advantage
be used in all small stables.
An Ornamental Stable, for Two Horses.
Perspective view
40 FT
SECTION FIRST.
Plate No. 4.
A BEICK STABLE FOE A HOESE AND COW.

Generally speaking, we consider bricks the very best material witb which to build
stables even preferable to stone, from the fact that the walls inside, having a smoother
;
face, may be kept cleaner, freer from cobwebs and dust deposits than stone walls and, if ;
built with hollow walls, more free from dampness also ; though this is a matter of not so
much consequence, as in this climate there will not dampness enough penetrate a solid wall
of a stable to cause any injury to the horses. It is very desirable, however, to have a stable
rat-proof; and it
may be made thoroughly so by commencing with a stone foundation —the
bottom course of which is broader than the stone-work above it — laid in half cement mortar
up to the grade line, and then building the brick wall upon that, filling in all the space
enclosed by the walls with concrete up to the line of the top of the water table, and then
paving with large stones firmly bedded, which shall form the floor of the stable. On the
it
outside there should be a stone water-table eight or ten inches high, projecting one or two
inches outside of the main walls above, and having the upper surface of the projection
beveled off to shed the water and just above the water-table it would be well to have a
;
course of slate built in the full thickness of the walls, which will prevent any dampness
rising up into them from the ground by capillary attraction.

Above the water-table the walls should be built up with a smooth face and with close^
tieatly strucTe joints inside as well as out, so as to present a clean, even surface, which should
always be kept painted or washed with a lime or cement wash. Above the wall-plate the
space should be filled in to the under side of the roof-boards.

The ceilings over the main story are usually with the second story floor beams
left
exposed to view, but we think it

very desirable that they should be lathed and plastered ;
partially, for the sake of the wholesome, cleanly appearance a white ceiling always has, and
for the sake of keeping away cobwebs, which, when beams are exposed, always get lodg-
ment —and partially to prevent foul air rising from the room below and tainting the hay in
the loft. We would also trim the doors and windows inside with architraves, even if they
are only narrow strips of the cheapest stuff.
These two last liints, by the way, are just as valuable for a wood as for a brick stable.
It be desirable, in some instances, to
may fnr out and lath and plaster the walls of a
stable, but if this is to be done, it is better to wainscot with wood up to the height of, say
five feet, and to fill in the space
between the walls and the wainscot, as high as practicable,
with broken glass and mortar, and then to lath and
plaster from the wainscot up to the ceil-
ing. A wooden stable, too, may with advantage be treated in the same way, but the space
behind the wainscot being wider, may be packed with bricks and mortar, and made solid in
that way.
We know it is not customary to put any finish of any kind upon the interior of stables,
but we also know that in nine cases out of ten in ordinary stables, and very frequently in
those of a better class, the interiors are perfectly filthy with dust which lodges on every
ledge, and overhung with cobwebs which hang thick and heavy from and between the beams
''
overhead, besides being completely set out with such objects of vertu'''' as old sponges,
curry-combs, and brushes bottles of castor oil, dusters, and a dozen other things of the
;
same sort, which are thrown after use upon any projecting beam or ledge that may happen
accidentally to be wide enough to hold them.
Now, certainly this sort of thing is not agreeable to the eye, and any person who has
fine horses,and takes a proper pride in them, should not overlook it yet, the groom, if ;
questioned, will say, and truly, too, that he might be brushing all the time and he could n't
keep dust and cobwebs away, so long as there are places for the latter to hang and the
former to lodge ;
in fact, there is only one way, and that is to follow the plan of finishing
off that we have suggested, covering up all such places, moreover, making everything so
convenient for the most trifling operations of stable economy that there can be no induce-
ment, or excuse even, for carelessness or neglect of any kind.

The stable which Plate No. 4 illustrates is a brick stable, constructed in accordance
with the foregoing suggestions : The walls are of hard bricks, and the base or water-table
is of hammered blue-stone. The tops of the doors and windows are all on a line, and on
this line is a belt-course, nine inches high, of Ohio stone, projecting two inches from the face
of the wall. Above it the wall falls back to a flush line, and twelve inches above it the
eaves commence, supported on heavy blocks or brackets. The roof is slightly curved at
the bottom, thence runs straight to the upper moulding, and thence to the ridge, with a pitch
steep enough to slate, and the same slant continues down over the window in front, and the
hay-loft door on the side of the stable. The accommodation comprises a carriage-room
about seventeen feet by eighteen, a cow stall shut off from the rest of the building, and
having a separate entrance from the yard, and a horse-stall, provided with patent iron fix-
tures. At the side of the horse-stall room marked harness-room, which may at any
is a
time be turned into a stall, the dimensions being already suitable. The present feed closet
would then have to be divided, and a portion of used for hanging harnesses
it in. The
manure-yard is at the left of the building. The principal story is nine and a half feet high
in the clear.
A Brick Stable for A Horse and Cow.
Mî
Perspective View
-
38 FT -
n Cow
SECTION FIRST.
Plate No- 5.
A SroE-HILL STABLE.
This design isabout to be erected in Washingtonville in this State, and the site is the
side of a hill, steep enough to afford a full basement
on one side and a portion of the \wo
ends, while the principal floor will be entered from the upper side of the bank, with which
it is about on a level.
The basement is to be built with a twenty-inch rubble-stone wall laid in cement, and
the main building be of frame, boarded vertically and battened.

is to
The roof will be slated, and will have sunk gutters in the eaves, with leaders to convey
the water to a cistern conveniently located for supplying water to the stalls and feed-troughs.
The exterior is bold, but not ornamental ;
the gables are cut off chiefly for the purpose
of lowering the apparent height from the rear, where the ground falls off rapidly, and where
it is seen from a long distance a plank belt-course runs around on the line of the first story
;
sills ;
a heavy gable covers the top of the hay-loft door, and a ventilator surmounts the
ridge of the roof.

The basement plan shows a room for a cow, with a door and window in it, and stairs
leading up to the main floor. Directly back of this room, and directly under the horse-
stalls, is the manure cellar, communicating vrith an open space, marked shed, and through
it with the yard in the rear. This yard will be fenced, and protected by trees and shrub-
bery.
The main floor contains a carriage-room fourteen feet by twenty-four ;
a room eight by
nine feet, for feed, etc., fitted up with plank bins lined with zinc, and having shoots and
troughs for distributing and mixing the feed for the horses and cow; a harness-room five by
nine, with harness-racks, saddle-bars, etc. a staircase to the loft, and stalls for three horses,
;
one a single and the other a doiible stall, provided with patent iron feed-boxes and hay-
racks, and having iron lattice-work on the top of the partition.

Just behind is the trap for dropping manure into the pit below, and in the partition is
a sliding door to the carriage-room. The large doors are nine feet wide and nine feet high,
and the smaller doors, through which horses pass, are from three and a half to four feet wide :
the other doors may be smaller —

say two feet eight by six feet eight. These dimensions
are generally adopted in the plans in this book nothing smaDer should ever be allowed,
;
though in some cases the dimensions may be greater.

A Side Hill Stable.
Perspective View.
33 ft -
Carriage Room
14 X 24.
Basement Plan.
Principal Floor Plam.
SECTION FIRST.
Plate No. 6.
A BRICK STABLE FOR TWO HORSES.
We here have another design for a brick stable, similar in construction to Design No.
4, but having a diflferent roof and a different arrangement of plan.

The walls are of brick, faced inside and outside ;
the foundations are of stone, and the
floors paved and grouted the main partition wall is of brick, and the others are of two-
;
inch tongued and grooved plank the walls and partitions are all painted a light gra)% and
;
the ceilings are lathed and plastered the roof is covered with slates in two colors, puiple
;
and red.
The carriage-room is sixteen by eighteen feet, and at the rear is a lean-to of wood,
arranged in this instance for storing a sleigh, but very convenient for various purposes.
There are two stalls for horses, having a patent iron gutter at the rear leading to the
manure- yard, and iron mangers and hay-racks in front.
Fixtures of this kind are pretty generally adopted in modern stables of the better class,
being more durable and neater than wooden ones. There are several different kinds in the
market, for the different purposes connected with stable management, but they are all, we
believe, equally good, and may be purchased at any of the iron stores in the large cities.
Under or near this stable should be a large cistern, receiving its supply of water from
the roof, and supplying the mixing-trough and water-trough by pumps, so that at all times
and in all weather there may be water for the horses always at hand. Close by is a door
leading to the yard, and at the side of the stalls, is a stairway to the hay-loft. A large closet
is alsoprovided for harnesses, etc., at the left of the troughs.
The manure yard is twelve by sixteen, and is surrounded by a tight board fence six
feet high, with a gate at the rear.
A Brick Stable for Two Horses.
Perspective view
SECTION FIRST.
Plate No. 7.
A WOODEN STABLE FOR THREE HORSES.
This design does not differ very mucli from the last in tlie arrangement of the plan, but
it is a much cheaper structure,though considerably larger.
There are stalls provided for three horses, and a stairway, as in the last, at the side of
the stalls, leading to the second story. The carriage-room is nineteen by twenty feet, and
the harness closet opens directly from it, besides another closet under the stairs. A feed
closet opens from the passage, and next to having a separate entrance from the enclosed
it,
yard on the right, is a cow-stall five feet wide, supplied with fodder through a small door in
the partition between it and the passage behind the horse-stalls.
This stable is built of wood in the simplest manner, and covered with vertical boards
and battens. The roofhipped and covered with sawed shingles. Each stall has a ven-
is
tilator near the ceiling, and there is a shaft two and a half feet square running from the ceil-
ing to the ventilator in the roof, communicating also with the ceiling over the cow-stall.
The large doors are made to slide on the inside. The inside partitions are of tongued and
grooved pine boards, and the floors and stall divisions are of two-inch plank. The heel-
posts at the stalls are turned out of hard wood, and firmly secured to the floor joists.
A Wooden Stable for Three Horses.
Perspective view
- 40 FT
Carriage Room
Plan
SECTION FIRST.
Plate No. 8.
A BRICK STABLE FOE THREE HORSES.
This is an irregular-shaped stable for three horses. It was designed for a narrow lot
in the city of Newburgh, and twenty-eight feet square was all the land that could be spared
for the purpose ; yet three horses were to be provided for, a man's room and a carriage-
room, besides proper closet room.

At the rear the ground falls away, so that beneath the principal floor is a large manure-
cellar, with an entrance from a back street. The man's room, therefore, is some six feet
above the ground.

There are stalls for three horses, each five feet wide and nine feet long, and provided
with iron racks, mangers and water-boxes, and behind the stalls is a passage seven feet
wide, with a door opening out to the yard. The harness-closet opens from the carriage-
room, and another closet from the passage behind the stalls. There is a trough at T,
between the two closets. The feed is all kept in the story above, and is
supplied to the
trough by shoots. The stairs are constructed in the same manner as in Design No. 4,
swinging up against the ceiling when not in use.
The man's room is eight by ten feet, and opens directly out of the carriage-room ;
it
has an eight-inch flue for a stove-pipe, constructed with eight-inch walls for protection
against fire. The hay-loft is filled by one of the openings in the right gable over the side
door.
The first story is ten feet high, with a two-inch plank floor and a lathed and plastered
ceiling. The man's room is furred ofi' and plastered all around, the rat spaces being filled
in with mortar two feet above the floor.
The walls are eight inches thick, built of rough brick, and covered with a cream-coloi-ed
cement wash, the recipe making which is given below.

for
The exterior is somewhat ornamented, having a heavy hood over the main doorway,-
»
and ornamental frame-wort and tracery in the gaWes, witli moulded finials rising above tlie
peaks of the roof. The eaves project two feet, and the ventilator rises to a height of eight
feet, and surmounted by a wrought-iron finial and vane.
is
The roofs are slated with ornamental slating.

The following recipe for a cheap and durable cement wash, will be found valuable for
covering any kind of brick work. It has been used by Government officers on public build-
ings in the Navy Yards, for the past ten years or more, and is
given with great confidence
as to its value :
"
Dissolve one pound of pulverized copperas in eight gallons of water let it stand ;
twenty-four hours, stirring it two or three times from the bottom use this for slaking the
;
lime, and thinning it to the consistency of ordinary white-wash ;

add hydraulic cement equal
in quantity to lime used ;
and of clean sand, half a gallon to fifteen gallons of wash ;
stir it
frequently to prevent the sand settling.

"
The walls should be first well cleansed of dust and thoroughly wet from the rose of
a watering-pot, and the wash applied immediately after, beginning at tlie top, laying on a
coat horizontally and finishing it
vertically ;
before leaving the work atany time, finish the
course to a joint in the wall, to prevent a mark where the two join. For a gray or stone-
color, add lamp black deadened with whiskey or spirits."
A Brick Stable for Three Horses.
PERSPECTrvc View
- 28 FT
16 FT
Plan
SECTION FIBST.
Plate No, 9.
A BRICK STABLE WITH A SHED ATTACHED.
We have here a very complete establishment for a small country or suburban place.
The stable designed to be built of brick, the walls laid up as desciibed in Design
is
No. 4, with the bluestone water-table and sandstone belt-course over the tops of the win-
dows and doors; the walls smooth inside and painted a light blue —
almost white. The
paved with stones,

floors are concreted, and grouted up smooth on top. The foundations
are of stone commencing three and a half feet in the ground, and laid twenty inches thick
in half cement mortar up to the grade-line, where the water-table is set. Above this the
walls are twelve inches thick in the first story, and eight inches thick from thence to the
eaves and ridge. The roofs are covered with plain black slates. The eaves project about
three feet, and the front gable has a plank verge-board. All the gables are cut off, in order
to reduce the apparent height of the building.
The three stalls inside are each five feet wide and nine deep, and are provided with a
cast-iron gutter sunk in the pavement, and emjttying into the manure-yard in the rear of
the stable. There are also patent iron mangers and hay-racks, and a ventilating window to
each stall.
The room for harnesses and feed is nine by fourteen feet. The harnesses are kept in
cupboards with glass doors in front, occupying one side of the room,
and the feed is kept in
other side. The mixing-trough is close by, and also a pump.
plank, metal-lined bins on the
On the right of the passage is another closet, and at the farther end stairs to the loft.
to the front and the
The passage is eight feet wide, and has a door at each end, one opening
other to the rear yard.
On the left of the stable an addition, with a large tool-room on one end and an open
is
shed at the other. For cleaning carriages, or for driving under while waiting, or for driving
a great convenience ; in fact, no stable can be really
visitors caiTiages under, these sheds are
complete without one or more, and the extra

cost is not great.
The stable-yard is enclosed by a brick wall six feet high, capped with a bluestone cap,
and having a gateway in the front with stone posts and an iron gate.
A Brick Stable with Shed Attached.
Perspective
Plan
SECTION FIBST.
Plate No. 10.
A BEICK STABLE WITH BOX-STALL.
This is a very simple design for a brict stable, containing accommodation for two car-
riage-horses and two saddle-horses. The walls are plain brick walls, with brick arches to all
the window and door openings, a stone water-table, and a high pitched roof covered with
plain purple.slates. The inner partitions are of brick eight-inch walls the floors are paved
;
with stone and the ceilings lathed and plastered. The carriage-room, in the front part of
the main building —
facing north in this case is —
eighteen feet square, accommodating two
large carriages. There are three stalls, each six feet in width, with a passage eight feet
wide behind them. There a box-stall in the right wing, and adjoining it a harness and
is
saddle-room. The feed-room is on the left, and communicates with the passage, and also
with an entry in the left wing. This room is furnished with bins and troughs, and a pump
forsupplying water. The tool-room is six by fourteen feet it has a flue for a stove-pipe,
;
and is fitted up with racks and stands for gardening and carpenter's tools, and has a bench
fitted up in one end.
This stable though quite plain, is complete and convenient, and the interior fittings are
all of the very best kind, hard wood being used for the finish, and for the inside trimming
of the windows and doors.
All the windows have ornamental iron guards, and all the outside doors are arranged
so as tobe unhung in summer, and their places supplied by iron gates.
The stalls have iron fixtures and gutters, iron stall partition guards, and iron foot-posts
with ornamental heads.
The manure-yard is at the rear, enclosed by a high, tight board fence, and roofed over
the top.
n
I
A Brick Stable with Box Stall.
PERSPECTIVE
PLAN
SECTION FIE ST.
Plate No. 11.
A BASEMENT STABLE FOR THREE HORSES.
This design was made for "Wm. E. Warren, Esq., of Newburgh, and the stable was
erected two years ago, on bis property a short distance north of the city.
The property consists of a broad open plateau, terminating on the south side in a
bank which descends very abruptly from it down into a picturesque ravine, filled with thick
wood and brush, and through which runs a never-failing brook.
A carriage drive enters the grounds at the southwest corner, and skirts the edge of the
plateau on the south, and then curves around to the site of the house.
It was not desirable that any of the ground on the plateau should be given up to the
stable ;
and yet it was deemed best that the stable should be somewhere near the carriage-
drive already laid out consequently, the site fixed upon was the extreme south edge of the
;
bank, south of the drive. Thus it must of necessity be a side-hill stable, and this was agree-
able because a considerable accommodation was called for with no great extent of ground to
get it on. There was no objection to extending the building lengthwise within reasonable —
limits — but it was impossible to get over twenty-two feet in width for the building, in
addition to about ten feet for a passage-way along the south of it ;
all of which had to be
dug out of the bank and graded over, making a level of about thirty-two feet on the line
of the basement floor.
The was made twenty-two feet wide, and, including wings, ninety
building, then, feet
long, and the accommodation obtained has been as follows :
basement faces south, and the south wall, being wholly out of ground, is of
First, the
brick, while the north wall is a bank wall of stone laid in cement and two feet thick. The
road to reach it by diverges from the main upper drive west of the stable, and descends by
an easy grade to the lower level, running along the whole south front.
There are four stalls in this basement of ample size, having a wide passage at the rear,
and another for the purpose of feeding, running along at the heads of the stalls. The fodder
is all mixed in troughs for the purpose, and distributed through this passage. The entrance
is
through the open sheds on the right. Just at the left of the stalls is the kitchen for the
SECTION FIRST PLATE NO. 11.
coachman, and the entry or hall, with a door to the stable, another to the shed marked
" main
house-shed," and a stairway to the upper or floor.
At the left of this shed is a small room, marked "

approached by a separate
office,"
stairway from the upper level, and finished off in a plain manner for a business room.
Above the basement the building is of frame, boarded and battened, plain, yet having
broad eaves and hoods over the windows and doors. The carriage-room is twenty-two by
twenty-five feet, and nine and a half feet high.
The basement terminate in an entry on the principal floor, and in this

stairs froili the
entry is the front door of the dwelling-house, close by which is a large closet. The living-
room is thirteen by fifteen feet, and opening out of it are two bed-rooms, one eight feet
square and the other eleven by thirteen feet. Still farther towards the east is another room,
"
marked bed-room," but used for other pui-poses, having a door direct to the yard.
In the western wing is a workshop, fitted up with bench and other conveniences, and
adjoining a poultry-room, used in connection -with a part of the shed immediately below it.
is
All the living-rooms are finished ofi', lathed and plastered, but the rest of the inside of the
building is at present unfinished.

Section First. Plate No. II
A Basement- Stable for Four Horses.
il
Perspective
'
House SHeo.
OPtN SHtOS. 1
B/ftSEMENT.
Carriage
Workshop Poultry
22 » as. 13 X IS.
t4
pi^lHCiPAL FL00f\.
SECTION FIE8T.
Plate No. 12.
AN ORNAMENTAL STABLE FOR FOUR HORSES.
This is a design for a brick and stone stable, planned witb sufficient accommodation for
four horses.
In the general appearance of its exterior it is not unlike some of the more modern
French stables, though it is much more simple in its details. It is designed to be built of
brick with stone trimmings. The lower story, from the water-table to the belt-course, has a
twelve-inch wall, the outside face of which is laid with pressed front bricks, and above that
— to the eaves, the walls are eight inches thick (setting back three inches from the face of
the lower wall) of common hard brick, covered with a cement-wash or with a coat of
cement, tinted. The quoins or corners, are of pressed brick laid flush with the lower wall.
The water-table, belt-course, and arches over the windows and doors, are of Ohio or New
Jersey stone, alternately rough and finished.
Another and very eflfective method of construction would be, to build the lower wall
of rubble-stone instead of using pressed brick, and the second story of pressed brick instead
of common brick, making all the corners and arches of stone partiall}' dressed this would ;
give a very good variety of color and afford a very picturesque building, but the cost would
be considerably greater than the first method.
The roof is hipped and covered with slates, and the eaves project four feet beyond the
walls, and are ornamented by a drapery or verge-board of simple and effective pattern.
The large doors in front are made very heavy, and the upper panels are glazed with rough
plate-glass. They have also sashes over them for light and ventilation. The second story
is
lighted by a large window in the rear — in a gable similar to that in front — and by small
round windows in the two ends, all of which are made to awing open at will. Ventilation
is also afforded by openings all around the walls, and just vmder the eaves. The floors are
allpaved, the walls inside are painted, and the ceilings are lathed and plastered, the general
construction being similar to the brick stables heretofore described.
SECTION FIRST PLATE NO. 12.
The accommodation is as follows :
One half of the large door on the right of the stable (the other half of which is
simply
a panel made like the door for symmetry) opens into the stable-room, where we find four
stalls, each six feet wide and nine feet long, fitted up with iron fixtures and partitions, and
having a gutter behind them discharging into a manure-pit behind the stable. Each stall
has a ventilating window in the front wall near the ceiling. The passage behind the horses
is seven feet wide, and has a door four feet w^de at either end. The harness-room is seven
by eleven feet, and the feed-room is seven by eight feet, and between the two is the passage
to the carriage-room. A water-trough is in a convenient place, and over it is the stairway
to the hay-loft. The carriage-room is eighteen by twenty-six feet. The height of this story
is eleven feet in the clear, and the walls are eighteen feet high above the base.
An Ornamental Stable tor Four Horses.
ELEVATION
PLAN
12 FEET ONE INCH
SECTION FIRST.
Plates No. 13 and 14.
A LARGE STABLE OF FRENCH DESIGN.

This is another design for a stable in the modern French style, larger and moi'e expen-
sive than the foregoing one, and having the characteristic Mansard roof, besides other fea-
tures common to French Architecture.
It contains the requisite accommodation for six horses, and consists of a central portion
forty feet square, and two wings, each eighteen feet by thirty-three. In the wing on the left
are stalls for five horses, fitted up in the same manner as those in Design No. 12. Behind them
isa passage-way eight feet in width, with a door at each end. The feed-room opens out of it
on the right, and from this feed-room a stair-way rises to the hay-loft. The water-trough is
under the stair-way. The harness-room is of ample size, and has a range of closets for har-
nesses, etc., extending all along one side. The carriage-room
very large, and has large
is
doors in the front and at the rear, the latter opening into a covered shed, which is not shown
in the plan, but which extends along the entire roar of the central building.
In the right wing there is a sleeping-room for a man, besides a large store-room and a
box-stall. The latter is entered from the yard as well as from the entry leading to the car-
riage-room. In the second story of this wing a couple of good rooms might be finished ojff,
if occasion required, to be used as bed-rooms.
The whole of thiswing might be used as a residence for a coachman's family, in which
case the lower story would be divided into pai-lor and living-room —
the living-room occupy-
"
ing the place marked man's room," and the parlor taking the place of the present box-stall
and store-room, and between the two a staircase and closets may be got.
There would have to be a door from the living-room to the yard at the rear, and a cel-
lar under the whole wing. The front door and the door to the carriage-room, would be as
they are now.
This building is designed to be built of brick and trimmed with stone. The outside
SECTION FIRST— PLATES 13 AND 14.
facing should be either pressed brick or the best quality of hard brick, selected for smooth-
ness of surface and evenness of tint, and should be laid with close, neatly struck joints in
dark-colored mortar. The walls of the main building are twelve inches thick, and of the
wings eight inches, and the partitions between the main building and the wings are also
of brick. The water-table is of blue stone, beveled off a couple of inches to shed the water.
All the rest of the stone-work is of Ohio stone or Nova Scotia stone ;
and this comprises the
window-sills and the belt-course connecting them, the moulded belt-course which runs around
the building on the line of the window and door-heads, and the stones which form the arches
of the large doors and round windows. The roofs are slated with plain purple or black
and are surmounted by neat iron crestings. There are smoke-flues in the harness-
slates,
room, the feed-room, and the man's room. The general construction and interior finish are
like the last design.
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SECTION FIRST.
Plate No. 16.
A STONE STABLE.
This design was made for a gentleman in Garrison's, some time since, and is the only-
example of a stone stable that we have introduced into these pages.

The
walls are of rough gray rubble-stone, twenty inches thick, laid in cement mortar,
and trimmed around all the windows and door with bricks. The roofs are steep, and cov-
ered with plain purple slates. The eaves project about two feet, and are cased up, having
gutters all around, from which the water of the roof is taken by tin leaders to a couple of
large brick cisterns under ground.

The exterior is severely plain though very substantial. The windows all have iron
guards, and the doors are of double thickness, made to slide.
There are five stalls for horses, each measuring six feet by nine, and up with
fitted iron
fixtures complete. Each stall has a ventilating window in front, next the ceiling. The pas-
sage behind the stalls is seven feet wide, and has a door at either end ;
the one at the rear
opening into the manure-yard.

At the left of the entrance, and in the front part of the building, is a harness-room
eleven feet square, provided with a flue for a stove-pipe, cupboards, etc., for harnesses, and two
closets for other purposes. communicates with both the horse and the carriage-room. The
It
passage connecting the stall-room with the carriage-room is six feet wide, and in it are
stairs to the second story, and a large trough, supplied with water from the cisterns beneath.
The box-stall is nine by twelve feet. The feed-room is supplied from the loft above, and has
allthe conveniences for mixing and distributing fodder to the horses. The carriage-room is
eighteen by thirty feet, has large sliding-doors at either end, and a closet on the right. The
hay-loft is filled by means of two doors, one in each main gable.
A Stone Stable
Perspective view
50 FT
P LAN
Scale 16 Feet to one Inch

SECTION FIRST.
A COMPLETE STABLE WITH LODGE AND SHEDS.
This a very complete and convenient establishment for a country place of considerable
is
size, and comprises in its plan, a house for a coachman, sheds for wood, etc., a stable for two
cows, rooms for tools and storage purposes, and stable accommodation for four horses, witli
feed-room, harness-room, etc., attached.
The buildings are all connected together, and are partially enclosed by an eight-inch
brick wall, forming a large stable-yard, which is
supposed to face towards the south. This
wall is omitted in tlie picture for the purpose of better showing the design, but its position
is plainly defined on the plan
— Plate No. 17.
The small house for the coachman is at one extremity of the enclosure, and is approached
by a path branching from the main drive near the gate- way to the yard. It is built of brick
— an eight-inch wall — and has a slated roof. There are three rooms in the first story and
a low garret over them, which is reached by a step-ladder from the entry. The entry opens
from the stoop and into the three rooms. The parlor is twelve feet square, and has a square
bay window projecting from one side. The kitchen is of the same size, and has a door out
to the long shed which connects it with the stable. The bed-room is eight feet square, and
communicates with the kitchen and with the entry. It has a large closet opening from it,
and isamply lighted by the window in the front gable.
The open shed is thirty-two feet long, and the roof, which slants to the
supported rear, is
on posts in front and an eight-inch brick wall at the back, which wall also forms a part of the
boundary of the yard.

The main stable measures thirty by fifty feet. The carriage-room is twenty by twenty-
four feet, and communicates directly with another open shed. There is a small room eight
feet by twelve, for cleaning harness, etc., in, having a chimney in one corner, and, adjoining
it, a harness-room of the same size.
There are stalls for four horses arranged on this plan, but by changing their position
and the position of the feed-room, making the horses face the rear wall instead of the side,
SECTIOK FIRST — PLATES 16 AND 17.
one or two additional stalls raay be got. These and are supposed
stalls are five feet hj nine,
to Lave all the modern iron fixtures they face towards the feed-room, and are supplied
;
through small doors in the partition between it and them. The manure receptacle will be
behind the stable.
At the left of the stable is a room with two cow-stalls in it, having a door from the
horse-room, and another opening out to the fields behind. This room is
eight by thirteen
feet, and the stalls are eight by seven-and-a-half Next to it is the tool-room, which is
eight
by eleven, opening directly from the shed.

At the left of the shed is the store-room, and next to it another room of the same dimen-
both of which are entered from the open shed. This shed
sions for extra carriages or sleighs,
is
twenty-four feet by twenty-five, and is, in fact, a central space from which all the difterent
parts of the stable are reached, and in which horses are harnessed and cleaned, carriages
washed, etc.
All these buildings are designed to be built of brick, in the same manner as described
for the design on Plate No, 4. The floors are of stone and the roofs are slated. The walls
are finished smoothly and painted inside, and the ceilings are lathed and plastered. The
open shed is lined on the level of the wall-plate with narrow tongued and
ceiling of the
grooved pine boards, and the space overhead is floored over for storing hay, etc. All the
inside wood-work is of pine stained a dark color. The small house is finished in pine
stained, and the walls and ceilings are lathed and plastered and hard-finished. The first
story of the house is nine feet high, and of the stables ten feet in the clear.
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A Complete Stable with Lodge and Sheds.
FIELDS
r^ VÂ
LAWN
Gp,ouimd Plan
16 fT- OME Inch

SECTION FIRST.
Plates 18 and 19.
A BRICK STABLE FOR EIGHT HORSES.
"We have here a very complete and somewhat expensive stable for a large country
place ;
one supposed to contain all the requisites for carrying on stabling and grooming
operations in the most thorough manner.

In any establishment of this size and supposed to be help enough always
Mnd, there is
at hand to have everything done properly and in order therefore, there should be a place
;
for everything, and everything should be kept in its place. There should be a place for
washing carriages, and a constant supply of water, and there should be

with a drained floor
a place for cleaning horses sheltered overhead and at the sides, and yet capable of being
thrown entirely open for a free circulation of air on all sides. Water should be supplied
inside the stable, near the stalls, for drinking purposes, and also near, or directly over the
mixing troughs. There should be an ample harness-room, and, if practicable, a room adjoin-
ing it, with a stove and boiler for heating water for sundry purposes in cold weather. There
should be a closet with glass doors in front for every fine harness, and another closet for those
in more common use. There should be a separate case for bits and chains and other metal
work ;
a rack for whips (whips should always be hung up, heavy end downwards) ;
another
for saddles, and separate cupboards and drawers for carriage-robes, horse-blankets, mats,
cushions, and all such things. There should be a place for sponges, pails, cloths and dusters ;
and a little closet somewhere for medicines, so that in case of emergency the remedies may
be always at hand and still another closet for extra wrenches, nuts, bolts, oils, and all those
;
minor conveniences which, generally when they are wanted (always in a hurry, of course),
are never to be found ; and, us here remark, that every carriage should have
by the way, let
its especial wrench, always

kept in the box, together with a bolt or two, some strong twine,
a couple of iron splints, and whatever else might readily help one out of a difiiculty if it
should occur on the road.
Attached to a stable of kind there should also be ample shed-room for driving
this
under, or for storing certain kinds of vehicles in and in some convenient place, either
;
attached to or distinct fi'om the main stable, a well constructed room for a sick horse, dry,
light, protected, and having a floor of tan or some other soft material.
The stable-yard should be enclosed by a high wall, and, if practicable, the dwelling-
SECTION FIEST —PLATES 18 ANB 19.
house of the head groom sliould be within t"his enclosure. (See the design immediately
foregoing.)
The arrangements for manure should also be considered. A stone tank sunk below tbe
surface of the ground, laid in cement, and made watertight, with a roof about five feet
above the ground, supported on posts, and with side all open for circulation of air, is a very-
good arrangement by which both liquid and solid manure may be preserved.
A
stable having all the conveniences we have enumerated above, can be taken care of,
we are sure, with less expense tban one where everything is at sixes and sevens—without sys-
tem, and without any labor-saving arrangements.

The design represented on Plates 18 and 19, is intended for brick construction, the walls
being fourteen inches thick, laid Twllow ; that having an eight-inch outside wall and an
is,
inside four-incb wall, tied both together across a two-inch dead-air space with iron ties put
in every fifth course, and twelve to eighteen inches apart.
There is a bluestone water-table ten inches high, resting on the ground line, the top of
it
being on a line with the floor of the stable. Above this the walls are eleven feet high,
laid with clean and smooth front bricks with narrow dark joints, up to a belt-course of Ohio
stone, nine inches high, which runs around the building on the line of the door and win-
dow-heads.
The roofs are French roofs slated, with a deck or flat on top, tinned ;
or if made a little
more steep, slated also, with purple and red slates.
The partitions are of brick throughout, and the floors are of stone.
The beams of the second story are of wrought iron, the spaces between being filled
with four-inch flat arches of brick, and filled in on top and smoothed off with cement, this
forming the hay-loft floor. On the under side, the arches are plastered and hard-finished,
the plastering following the curve of the arch.
walls are also plastered and hard -finished above the line of the wainscoting, which
The
is of ash throughout, five feet high, capped with a neat cap. All the interior finish is of
ash, except the stall partitions, which are of

two-inch oak plank, let into iron top and bot-
tom rails.
The doors are also of oak, made to slide.
There are stalls for six horses, and two loose boxes, with a passage behind them seven
feet wide. From this passage a door leads into the carriage-room, which has a clear space
inside of thirty-two by tbrrty-seven feet.
Running along by the heads of the horses is a feeding passage, and opening out of it
is the room where the feed is kept, in chests. It is stored in bulk in the story above, and
SECTION FIRST —PLATES 18 AND 19.
dropped by shoots into these smaller chests, which are metal-lined, and thence conveyed to
the mixing-troughs.
The have iron gutters, iron mangers, iron guards above the partitions, and two
stalls
rows of iron nibbling or tying-bars in front, and are open on all sides to light and air, mak-
ing it a very cheerful stable.
The harness-room is twelve feet square, and has closets, drawers, cleaning-table, stove
and boiler, racks, etc,
A manure- shed is at the rear, and beyond it, also covered, is a shed for cleaning horses,
at the extreme end of which is a room, sixteen by twenty, for a sick horse. This is beyond
the limits of our drawing.
With this design we close our list of stables.
A Brick Stable for Eight Horses.
60 FT
3a FT
3a FT
Plan
SECTION SECOND.
FAEM BUILDINGS AND OUTBUILDINGS,

SECTION SECOND.
Plates No. 20 to 25.
BUILDINGS ERECTED AT PLUMBUSH FARM.
Plumbush Farm an estate of about sixty acres, owned by R. P. Parrott, Esq., and
is is
situated about a mile south of the village of Cold Spring in this State.
It was a farm without any buildings upon it whatever — if we may except a small
house, which was afterwards removed to another location and remodeled — and, in 1865, we
were directed to design a complete set of buildings, including farmer's-house, barns, sheds,
poultry-house, piggery, etc., all of which are here illustrated.

Plates No. 20 and 21, represent the farm-house. It is very pleasantly situated on the
edge of a grove of trees through which a drive- way passes, branching from the public road
about thirty rods distant. From the windows and veranda are pleasant views of the Hud-
son river and the mountains beyond it, with the village of Cold Spring for a foreground.
It is a frame building very substantially built, the walls lined with brick and the
roofs covered with slate. It is on a side-hill sloping towards the southeast, and the base-
ment on that side is
nearly all out of ground. The front door faces the west, and the living
rooms are on the south In order to give effect to the exterior, the walls are shingled
side.
up to the line of the main window-sills, and above that are clapboarded to the eaves. The
windoAvs have steep slated hoods, and there are three broad and comfortable verandas.
The basement is built with a very substantial stone wall twenty inches thick, and is
divided into dairy and wash-room, besides an entry for the farm hands, with a stair-
cellar,
case in it
running up to the main story, and thence up to the attic of the rear vnng.
These three apartments are finished off; the floors rest on locust sleepers bedded in
concrete, and the walls are lathed and plastered the dairy
has tables and closets, and the
;
wash-room a sink.
In the principal story, we find a hall eight feet wide opening into a parlor on the right,
and beyond it into a dining-room, both of which are fifteen feet square. Beyond this is the
kitchen, and still beyond this a back kitchen, fitted up
with a sink, dressers, etc., and at the
right of the back kitchen is the back staircase alluded to.
At the left of the main hall is an oflBce or business-room, used by the proprietor for
SECTION SECOND ^PLATES 20 TO 25.
transacting business connected M'itli the farm. It is supplied with book-shelves, tables, etc.,
and has a separate entrance from the yard, near which is another entrance for the family
directly to the kitchen.

Near the house is a wood-house, and in one corner of it is a privy. Just beyond the
wood-house an ice-house, mostly under ground. The kitchen and
is
dining-room of the
house have ample closets fitted up with shelves, etc., in the usual
way.
The second story contains four
good finished chambers, all supplied with closets. Over
the back kitchen is a room for storage purposes, and in front, over the main
entrance, is a
small chamber eight feet square, making in all on this floor six
good rooms. The attics are
unfinished. The principal story is nine and a half feet high, and the
chamber-story nine
feet. All the interior is finished plainly with pine, and the walls and ceilings are hard-
finished.
About sixty rods distant from the farm-house are the barns, belonging to the
etc.,
establishment. The block plan of them is
given on Plate 23, and on Plate 22 is the main
barn itself. a side-hill barn, and measures
This is The upper part is
forty-five by seventy.
of wood, with a slated roof, and the basement of stone. The
plan of the basement here
given has been altered somewhat from the original, in the position of the stalls and manure-
pit, and is considered an improvement upon it. The manure-pit on this plan is on the
right or south end, and next to it — beyond, a five feet passage way
— are stands for ten
cows, divided into five stalls, measuring seven and a half feet square each. The mangers
are two feet wide and two and a half feet high to the upper edge, and the partitions next
the feeding passage are five feet high.
The floors of the stalls slant gradually back to the manure-pit. The whole basement
floor is of stone, and the manure-pit is
depressed about two feet below it, lined with stone
and cemented, in order to save the liquid as well as the solid manure.
There are calf-pens, a feeding-place with large mixing-boxes, and a stairway leading up to
the main floor. There are also stalls for three horses, and a separate feed-room, all shut off
from the cow stable. Adjoining is an open shed for storing carts, etc., and at the southeast
corner is a trough supplied with water from a spring in the hill above.
The principal story has a threshing-floor twelve feet wide, with large doors at each end.
On one side is a granary, next an open space for machinery, and opposite, a large tool-room.
it
The rest of the space is for storing hay, which may be also piled upon an extra loft over the
threshing floor.
The timber used in the construction of this barn is all pine, except the rafters, which
are of spruce.
SECTION SECOND PLATES 20 TO 25.
The long posts are eight by ten inches, and the inter-ties connecting, seven by eight
inches.
The plates, purlins and struts are six by six inches.
The cross-girths are seven by eight inches.

The braces are four by six inches.
The main floor-beams between the posts are five by ten inches, and the rest are three
by ten inches, and eighteen inches apart from centres, all resting on the top of eight by ten
inch girders, running lengthwise through the centre.
The rafters are of spnice, three by six inches, and twenty-four inches from centres, rest-
ing on the plate and ridge, and on two intermediate rows of purlins.
The roof is covered with hemlock boards and slated, and the walls are boarded verti-
cally and battened. The threshing-floor is of two-inch plank, and the bays of inch and a
quarter, all tongued together and made tight.

The fronts of the bays are ceiled up three feet, and at intervals are close ventilators from
the basement, and open ladder ventilators for this story running up to a point near the large
ventilator on the roof
The enclosed barn-yard is about a hundred feet square, and forming its western bound-
ary is the building shown on Plate 24. which is used as a carpenter's shop, piggery and
poultry-house.
It measures seventeen feet in width and ninety-one feet in length.
A square of seventeen feet on the extreme left is carried up as a sort of tower, to the
height of thirty-three feet.
The first story is used as a carpenter's shop, the second as a lumber-room, and the attic
as a pigeon-loft.
The next section of the building of twenty-four feet is a piggery. There are two pens,
each six by twelve, having a feeding-passage along the fi'ont, and separate yards on the
other side, enclosed by a fence and sheltered by the roof of the building. The floor of all
this part is of slabs of blue flagging on a concrete bed.
Next on the plan is a room with a boiler in it for cooking fodder, with troughs for
mixing, and rat-proof bins for containing corn, meal, etc. ;
and next to this is the poultiy-
house. The yard in front of the poultry-house occupies about two acres of ground, and is
surrounded by a high picket fence on all sides, and the front of the house towards this yard
is mostly of glass. There is a passage four feet wide along the inside, and, separated by
slat partitions from it, are two rooms, each thirteen by flfteen, with roosts, and twenty-seven
nests in each one. The nests are each eighteen inches cube, and are placed in three tiers.
SECTION SECONB — PLATES 20 TO 25.
The fronts towards the roosts open out upon broad shelves protected in front, and the par-
titions "between the nests project a foot beyond the face of each, so that the entrances are all
quite sheltered. The backs open upon the passage which passes between the two rooms to
the hen-yard, and small doors here enable one to remove the eggs without entering the
rooms.
At the extreme right are three small rooms for setting hens ;
a dozen hens can be
accommodated with a nest similar to those in the laying-rooms, though more retired.
here, each
The floor of this henery is of plank it was to have been of concrete, which is much
;
preferable, but it was found not practicable on account of the great amount of filling in that
would have been required. The walls are of frame, filled in closely with bricks and mortar,
and the whole interior, including ceiling, is lathed and plastered. The flue of the cooking-
room can be used for warming the henery, so that in cold weather it
may be beyond the
reach of frost.
Hens love warmth, air, sun, a plenty of room, and, above all, secrecy and quiet when
on their nests, and it has been the aim to provide all these requisites in this structure.
Near it is the corn-crib, which, like ordinary corn-cribs, is of slat-work, elevated about
four feet above the ground, and protected by tin plates.

Reference to the block plan will show the barn and the shed adjoining it ;
the poultry-
house and corn-crib ;
the barn-yard and hen-yard, and the fences enclosing them ;
the
public road on the right, and the private road to the farm-house on the left.
Section Second. Plate No. 20
Plumbush Farmhouse.
Perspective
veranN DA
da I
Principal Floor
A
Section Second. Plate No. 21.
Plumbush Farmhouse.
Chamber
l.-i- 1,1
Chamber plan
WASH Room |
1 2 <
IS
f
"q
Plumbush Barn.
-PERSPECTIVE VIEW OF PLUMBUSH BARN
BASEMENT PLAN
Manure
Barn Yard
Block plan
or Plumbush farm buildings
Road
ta^d«&^4^
«
*
10 FT
Principal Floor Plan of

Main Barn
Plumbush Henery &c.
PERSPECTIVE
BARN YARD
HEN YARD
PLAN
SECTION SECOND.
Plates No. 25 to 30.
BUTLDINGS FOR A LAEGE STOCK FAEM.
The buildings here illustrated will afford a good example of wliat is

required in a very
complete and first-class establishment for raising stock.

On Plate No. 27, the block plan will show the general and relative arrangement of the
buildings.
In the front is the main building with its wings, extending a length of two hundred
and ninety feet. From these wdngs at right angles run two other wings, the one on the left
for pigs and sheep, and the other, on the right, intended as a sheltered run for young colts.
Beyond the left wdng is the dairy, and close by it is the ice-house. Opposite the main barn
is a manure pit.
The horse-yard is separated from the cattle-yard by a and enclosing them both is
fence,
another fence, so that within is formed a sort of hollow square, which fronts towards the
south. This square occupies an area of two hundred by two hundred and ninety feet.
The
general idea for the arrangement of these buildings was taken from plans pub-
"
lished in the American Agriculturist " in 1867, as one of the Groesbeck prize plans, made
by us in competition.
Plate No. 25 shows the perspective view of the main building. As will be seen in the
picture, it comprises a central building with wings on either side. The basement of the cen-
tral building on a level vpith the floor of the wings and nearly level with the ground
is
also being raised up about ten inches above the grade. The second story is reached by
;
means of inclined planes from the front and rear, and is used w^holly for the storage of hay
and grain, and for threshing purposes.
Plate No. 26 shows the ground plan, and on Plate No. 27 is the plan of the second floor.
Accommodation. — Commencing in the central portion of the basement or first floor
"
plan, we find a space marked
open sheds," covering an area of forty by forty-five feet.
This is intended for the storage of wagons, carts, implements, etc., and also for the placing
of machinery for carrying on such of the farming operations as it is adapted for. This
space has broad arched openings on three sides towards the yards.
There are two root-cellars provided here, each measuring about twelve by twenty-four
feet —and a shop for repairing, fitted up with carpenter's bench, etc., and having a smoke-pipe
SECTION SECOND — PLATES 25 TO 30.
"
flue near the ceiling. On the left of the front projection is a room marked feed-room.'
This is directly under the granary, from which shoots convey feed to large mixing-boxes.
There is a large receptacle for cut hay, also supplied from the floor above, and a water-
trough, with a constant supply of water. The feed is mixed in this room, put into a large
box which wheels are attached, and run along the feeding-passage and distributed to the
to
several stalls. This feeding-passage has an uninterrupted length of two hundred and ninety
feet. Near the centre of the barn is be worked by machinery
an elevator ten feet square, to
and used for raising and lowering machinery and other heavy apparatus from story to story.
The rest of the space in the basement of this central part is all open room, and near the
entrance door, which under the bridge of the main doors above, is a large platform scales.
is
At the right of the central portion is the horse wing. This is thirty-six by one-hundred-
and-two feet ;
has brick walls, a paved floor, and a plastered ceiling. The feeding-passage
is six feet wide, and at the rear of the stalls is a passage- way eight feet wide, having in it
two troughs constantly supplied with water. There are stalls for fourteen horses, each six
feet wide. Leading from this rear passage is an open shed for grooming horses in, and
another for airing bedding after use. The place for storing bedding is close by. In the
horse wing are seven loose boxes, five of which are open and two of which are close rooms,
for sick horses.
At right angles to this wing is another, eighteen by eighty feet, all open inside, and
intended as a place for young colts to run in. It has three doors leading to the yard, and a
trough for water. The stalls and boxes are all made after the most approved manner, hav-
ing iron fixtures, iron and iron gutters to convey the liquid manure to two
stall partitions,
large brick tanks, marked L, M, T, on the plan. There is a harness-room eleven feet square,
provided with cupboards, etc.
The wing for the cows is on the left of the central part, and measures thirty-two by
one hundred feet. It has stalls for twenty cows, arranged in pairs, each double stall aver-
aging seven-and-a-half feet wide. There are two water-troughs here, and just outside the
building is a shed seventeen by forty feet, for milking under. The feeding-passage in front
of the stalls is six feet wide, and three open
and on the other side of it are eight calf pens,
boxes, each eight by twelve, besides a close room or box, twelve feet square. Near this is a
room finished off for a man to sleep in. In the eostreme left end of this wing, and separated
by a brick wall, are two boxes for bulls, and connected with each is a separate yard, sur-
rounded by a strong fence.
Branching from the cow-wing at right angles, is a wing measuring sixteen by eighty-
four. The first section has five pig-pens with five separate yards. Next is a room fourteen
SECTION SECOITD —^PLATES 25 TO 30.
by eighteen, for storing and steaming the fodder, and beyond it is a shed, to be used as a
feeding-shed for sheep.

The wings are only one story high, but there are lofts over them which may be used
for storing, if extra space be required.
The upper part of the central building is used principally for storing hay. There is a
threshing-floor running entirely through

it from north to south, with a door at each end, and
inclined planes to reach it
by. This is fourteen feet wide, laid with two-inch plank grooved,
and put together Avith tongues of half-inch by inch stuff. The floors of the bays are laid with
one-and-a-quarter inch tongued and grooved plank, and the fronts are ceiled up three feet
high. In these bays, running from the floor to the roof, are eight slat-boxes or ventilators,
designed to prevent the heating of the hay when packed in bulk. They are all connected
with the outside air by means of boxes running along between the beams of the floor, and
having wire nettings at the ends in the walls. To aid in ventilating, most of the window
openings in this upper part of the barn are fitted with heavy blinds instead of glass windows.
The gi-anary is on this floor, and is separated by close partitions from the rest. There
is a door from it
opening outwards with a heavy crane over be used for hoisting feed
it, to
from wagons outside, when necessary. The bins are all made of heavy plank, with sliding-
doors in front, double bottoms, and joints protected by zinc. Shoots run from these directly
to the feed-room beneath.
Construction. —These buildings are all designed to be constructed in the very best
manner throughout. The foundations of stone, the walls of brick, and the roofs all slated.
The floors of all the open sheds, and of the sheep and colt-rooms, are to be of gravel.
Those in the feed-room, harness-room, and repair-shops, to be cemented and all the others, ;
comprising those in the horse and cow stable and main basement, to be paved with large
paving-stones, and then evenly grouted up with cement
— all except the piggery floor, which
is to be paved with bluestone flagging laid in cement.
The greatest length of the central part and the greatest width eighty-
is ninety-four feet,
eight feet. The ceilings of all the basement, except the sheep and colt wings, are to be
lathed and plastered and whitewashed. These ceilings are about eleven feet high, and the
be self-supporting. The inner main partitions are of brick, and in
roofs are trussed so as to
the basement of the main barn are twenty brick piers, each two feet square, for the support
of the frame- work above.
The inner frame-work of the superstructure is of the most substantial kind ;

the timber
is all pine or spruce, except the rafters, which are hemlock.
The girders carrying the floor beams are eight inches by twelve inches. The floor
SECTION SECOND —PLATE8 25 TO 30.
beams themselves, three by ten and eighteen inches apart from centres. The main posts
ten by twelve inches. The cross girths from posts to walls, and the cross-ties and inter-ties,
five by ten inches. The wall-plate is four by ten inches, and the post and purlin-plates six
by six inches. The bracing is four by five, four by six, and six by eight inches. The com-
mon rafters are hemlock, three
by and twenty-four inches from centres. All the
six inches,
outside wood-work has three coats of brown paint, and all the inside wood-work has two
coats of blue lead paint.
The Manure-Pit, shown on Plate No. 28, measures twenty by thirty-six, and is con-
structed in the following manner. The bottom is sunk about three feet below the-- level of
the ground, and the walls, up to the grade line, are of stone laid in cement. The bottom is
concreted, and the sides are tightly cemented. Above the grade, to the height of five feet,
is an eight-inch brick wall, with a gateway left in it at one end. On this wall is put a plate,
or sill for the frame, and upon this is raised the frame of the top. The framed sides above
this are about six feet high ;
a portion left always open for the circulation of air, and the
rest closedby vertical boarding and battens, as shown in the plan and perspective. Cov-
ering the whole is a slated roof with broad, overhanging eaves.

The Dairy is at the southeast corner of the enclosure. As will be seen by Plate No.
29, somewhat picturesque
it is in character, though very simple as to construction. It has
two stories and a cellar. The cellar has a cemented floor and whitewashed walls, and is
intended as a cool storing place for butter. In the principal story is a room fourteen by
twenty, for making butter has a wide marble table or shelf; a large sink for wash-
in. It
ing, with a supply of water over it cupboards and closets and a flue for a boiler smoke-
;
;
pipe. Adjoining it is a room nine by eighteen feet, for setting milk for cream. This has
stone shelves three feet wide all around, over which flows constantly a stream of water,
which, entering at the upper end, flows aroimd the pans, and is discharged at the lower end
into a small cobble-stone cesspool about twenty feet from the house.
The cheese-room is
eighteen by twenty-four ;
has a chimney flue, stands for presses,
etc., and overhead a loft for curing cheese.

This building is built of brick and has a slated roof. The interior is all finished off",
lathed and plastered. There is a stoop at the entrance, and near it are wide shelves for
drying pans upon.

The Fence connecting all these buildings together, and dividing the horse-yard from
the cattle-yard, is se\'en feet high, made of four-inch pickets, placed four inches apart, and
carried on locust posts, about seven feet apart, set three-and-a-half feet in the ground.
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Barn for a Large Stock Farm,
Block plan of the farm Buildings
Manure
Pit
1300 FttT
Plan of second Floor of Main Barn

Manure Pit for a Large Stock Farm,
PERSPECTIVE
Plan
SECTION
Dairy Building for a Large Stock Farm.
Perspective
PLAN
SECTION SECOND.
A FAEM BAEN.
We here present a design for a barn which, though not in reality a side-Mil barn, com-
bines all the advantages of that manner of building, with more perfect light, more thorough
and more extent of yard-room in fact, the basement is a full story entirely
ventilation, ;
above the ground on the two longest sides, and having windows and doors opening out
upon two barn-yards, one on the north and one on the south.
The foundation and basement are of rubble-stone, laid in cement. The bottom course
is three and a half feet in the ground on a solid foundation, and the walls are two feet thick
at the two ends, the sides being carried on stone piers, between which are windows and
doors. The superstructure is of frame, boarded and battened, and the roof is slated. The
eaves project some three feet, and are carried on heavy brackets, and the ridge of the roof
is surmounted by a ventilator.
The doors are all made in two halves, so that the upper half may be open for air while
the lower half is shut.
The inclined planes at each end which lead to the main floors, have sides of masonry
with stones and gravel, and under one of them
filled in is a large root cellar, opening into
the wagon shed, on the left of the plan.
The perspective view is taken from the north side.
The winter barn-yard and the entrances to the basement, are on the opposite or south
side, as willbe seen by the plans. There is a rain water cistern on this side twelve feet in
diameter, taking the water from the roof, and near by is a trough, with a pump for filling it.
TTie manure-pit extends across the whole western end, and has a door opening to each barn-
yard. There are stalls for ten cows, with a six-foot passage between them and the manure-
pit. There are two boxes for cows besides, and stalls for two yokes of oxen ;
also two calf-
pens.
The wagon shed occupies the east end of the basement seen on the left of the plan.
SECTION SECOND —PLATES 30 AND 31.
The feed kept in tlie story al)ove, and is discharged into large mixing-troughs in
is all
the feeding passage. This feeding place is large and convenient to all the stalls.
The barn measures forty-five by seventy feet, and the posts of the upper portion are
seventeen feet long.
On
the principal floor are large hay bays on either side of a threshing passage, extend-
ing from the floor and from the tops of the small rooms up into the roof Hay may also be
stored over the threshing floor, above the levels of the main doors. There are four large
ventilators, running from the basement up to the cupola.

The tool-room is fourteen by sixteen ;
the granary is ten by fourteen feet, and adjoining
it, and directly over the manure-pit, are stalls for four horses, with a plank floor resting on
locust joists.
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A Basement Barn
Plan of Basement
Plan of Main floor

SECTION SECOND.
Plate No. 32.
OUTBUILDING FOR A SMALL YCLLAGE LOT.
This design represents a small one-story building, suitable in size and proportions for
any village lot of ordinary dimensions. It is intended to be used as a wood house and work-
shop, and has in it besides, a privy and a small tool-room. Buildings of this description are
more commonly than elsewhere, found in New England towns, where they are popularly
termed woodsheds, and no place is considered complete which lacks one. Sometimes they
are attached to the house, and sometimes they are placed entirely separate. If attached,
they partake of the general style of the main building, though plainer of course, and form
an extension of the kitchen wing.
They are seen in many of the older-fashioned places, joined to the kitchen at the side
of the house, and extending, perhaps, a hundred feet in the same line with the front, and
terminating in an ample carriage-house and stable.

The lot on which this building is supposed to be put, is sixty by about one hundred
and fifty feet. Then the house — —
we will say thirty feet square will stand about fifty feet
back from the and will be so placed as to allow a good wagon-way past it to the rear.
street,
At the extreme end of the lot will be the outbuilding, measuring twenty by thirty-six feet,
and between it and the house a green grass-plot, with a rustic well, or arbor, or something of
the kind, in the centre. The fences should be hidden by rows of Arbor Vitse, or hemlock,
or spruce ; and, here and there in front of them, deciduous shrubs in clumps, to make the
straight line irregular. Much cannot be done, of course, in sixty

but something can })e
feet,
accomplished, and that to a very considerable extent, by the proper treatment of a very few
shrubs and evergreens, and a half a dozen fine deciduous trees. The object should be on
so small a space, to preserve the completeness as much and as well as possible, with no
attempt at variety or intricacy.

This little building is of frame, covered vertically on the outside with tongued and
grooved boards, and finished as shown in the picture, with braces and corner boards, made
of two by five-inch stuff, planted on the face of the boarding. A
recess in front forms a
veranda, from which open the different parts. The privy is on the right, and has an outer
and an inner door. The vault should be stoned or boxed up, and have a hinged cover at
the rear for cleaning out by. The woodshed is fourteen by twenty feet, and the workshop
is fourteen by fifteen feet, having a large closet for tools opening out of it.
An Outbuilding for a Village Lot
"s:^'?
Elevation
pla N
SECTION SECOND.
Plate No. 33.
ANOTHER OUTBUILDING.
This another design for an outbuilding, somewhat larger than the last, and having,
is
instead of the workshop, a hen-coop and a pig-pen, thereby, perhaps,

making it valuable to
a greater mimber of persons. This would occupy nearly the whole width of a sixty-foot
lot, and should be placed so that behind it would be the kitchen-garden, hen-yards, etc.,
while between it and the house should be the grass-plot and trees. In the centre is a pas-
sage six feet wide, running directly through it and connecting the front with the rear yards.
There are in it a wood-room nineteen teet by twenty, and a pig-pen with a pig-yard
attached, on the right of the passage ;
and on the left a tool-room, eight by ten, a hen-coop,
twelve by nineteen feet, and a privy. The hen-coop is supposed to have all the proper fix-
tures in the way of nests, roosts, feed-boxes, etc., and at the rear is a yard extending indefin-
itely
— the larger the better for the hens.
The building is very simple, framed, boarded and battened, and having a shingled roof.
Another Outbuilding.
PERSPECTIVE .
HEN YARD
'r^
I
PASSAGE " c
HEN COOP II
9 ^
12 V.<
WOODSHED
TOOL .>c) l.'l
ROOM
H ' 10
ii
SECTION SECOND.
Plate No. 34.
STABLE AND SHED COMBINED.

This design might, perhaps, have been placed with greater propriety in Section First,
inasmuch as it is partly a stable but as it is equally a woodshed, and as its general char-
;
acter seems to place it here, we have here put it.
We have endeavored to provide for the requirements of a person who, living on a vil-
lage lot
— say, sixty by one hundred and fifty feet
—
wishes, besides the wood-house and
tool-house, to have accommodation for a single horse and carriage, with room overhead for
a few bundles of hay.
This building measures twenty by fifty-four feet. The central compartment is an open
shed, twenty feet square, at the farther end of which is a door opening to the yard beyond
the rear. In this shed should be a manger and a hay-rack, so that (as there is here only
one stall) a stranger's horse may at any time be fed and watered.
The stable is in the right wing, and comprises one stall six feet wide, with a wooden hay-
rack and manger, and a carriage-room ten by eighteen feet, with doors leading to the shed.
There is a closet for feed in the horse-room, and another for harness in the carriage-room.
On the left of the open shed is a wood-shed fourteen by sixteen feet, having no doors,
but an arched opening towards the shed. Next to this is the tool-room, six by sixteen feet,
and taken out of the tool-room space is a privy with a boxed vault.
This building, like the others, is very simple in construction, having a light frame,
boarded and battened walls, a shingled roof, and plank floors. The stable and shed parts
have a floor overhead, with a little window on the front of the roof to light the loft by, and
a door over the end windows of the stable to fill it by ; or, it may be filled by means of a
trap-door over the shed, directly from a wagon, and a tackle and fall may be hung from the
roof directly over the trap-door
Stable and Sheds Combined.
Elevation
54 FT
SECTION 8EC0ND.
Plate No. 35.
A COMPLETE OUTBUILDING.
This design was made for a gentleman in Fishkill some years since, and comprises nearly
every convenience it is
possible to get within the compass of a building of this kind.
It is sixteen feet in width, and has total length of ninety feet, counting the length of
the pig-pens and yards.
The central portion which projects in front of the rest, and has a gable over it, is an
open space, designed for piling up wood, etc. It measures fourteen feet by seventeen. At
the right is a cow-house sixteen having stalls for three cows and a stairway to
feet square,
the hay-loft over it. On the right of the cow-house is a work-shop. Both have doors to
the yard.
On the left of the open shed an ice-house mostly under ground, and over it a cold
is
room for preserving meats, etc. Next to this is a passage-way, and at the left of the pas-
sage a hen-coop, fitted up with and having communication under the floor
nests, roosts, etc.,
with a large hen-yard at the rear of the building. Next comes a room for chickens with a
separate yard, and beyond this is the pig-pen, with its yard, surrounded by a tight board
fence, a part of which may be seen in the perspective view.
This building was built in the vertical and battened manner.
r^
A Complete Outbuilding.
PERSPECTIVE
PigPen 1^
6' B
GOV/
ÎCKENSl
PtGYARD
Plan
SECTION SECOND.
Plate No. 36.
DESIGN FOR A POULTRY-HOUSE.
This little building is a poultry-house wliicli has recently been built near the village of
Cold Spring.
midst of a wood, close by the gardener's cottage on a gentleman's place,
It stands in the
and has a yard on the south side occupying about an acre of ground, and surrounded by a
picket fence eight feet high. The southern front of the building is nearly all glass, afford-
ing a plenty of sunlight to the inmates. The entrance is on the north side the front —
shown in the picture —
and the door opens first into an entry seven by nine feet. On the
right is a room, seven by twelve, for sitting hens, and on the left a closet for feed, fitted up
with rat-proof boxes or bins. The roosting-room is ten by nineteen, and has inclined roosts
placed about twenty inches apart, and room in front for feeding. The laying-room is ten
feet by twelve, and has thirty-two laying-boxes, placed on wide shelves in two tiers, and
having sheltered entrances on the side towards the glass front. There are doors at the rear
of them for taking away the eggs. In one corner of the building is a privy belonging to
the gardener's house.
This building is of frame, battened, and has a slated roof. The walls are filled in
with bricks and mortar, and are lathed and plasted. The ceilings are also lathed and plas-
tered. The floors are grouted-up and cemented.
Design for a Poultry House.
Perspective
SOUTH ^ ,
YARD ONE ACRE

SECTION SECOND.
Plate No. 37.
AN EXTENSIVE POULTRY-HOUSE.
This design represents a poultry-house of considerable size, suitable for a large country
place, or for
an establishment where eggs and poultry are raised for market.
supposed to be constructed of bricks, the central portion being twelve feet wide
It is
and thirty-six feet long, with walls thirteen feet high, and the wings each twelve by
twenty-four feet, with walls eight feet high. The second story of the central portion is used
as a pigeon-house.
The ceilings are lathed and plastered, and filled in with tan or sawdust, and the roofs
are slated. The entrance is on the north and the yard opens towards the south, and
side,
is surrounded by a lattice or picket fence, about seven feet high. In the middle of the yard
is a shallow pond fed by a constant brook, so that there always a supply of water
is
for the fowls. It is also desirable (although we have not shown one on this plan) to have
a sheltered place for hens and chickens to run about and scratch in during rainy and stormy
weather and we would put this in the form of a low-roofed shed, extending, say fifty feet
;
—
at right angles to the roosting-room.
The floors of this house are all raised about two feet above the ground, and are of con-
crete and cement, and should be made vermin-proof
At the right and left of the entrance are two large feed provided with suitable
closets,
bins for storing the corn, etc. Directly in front is the laying-room. This is fitted up with
seventy-six nests in two tiers, each nest occupying a cube of about eighteen inches. The
lower row is twelve inches above the floor, and the entrances are in the form of an oval,
facing upon a broad step. The front of each is separated from the front of the next, by a
perpendicular board or partition about a foot wide, extending out at right angles between
them. The passage between these nests and the wall is about two feet wide, and from this
passage are frequent openings to the yard. The whole of the passage to the lower tier is
shelved over, which shelf forms a platform to enter the second tier by, being reached by
SECTION 8EC0KB —PLATE NO. 37.
step-ladders from the yard. The same way as the lower tier,
nests here are sheltered in the
and the passage-way is covered over with lattice-work horizontally, on a line with the tops
of the second tier of nests, to prevent the hens roosting in this part. All this work being
on hinges, may he swung up for cleaning at any time. Back of the nests is the passage for
examining them and removing the eggs, each box having a door with a lock or catch of some
kind.
The roosting and feeding-room is twelve by twenty-four feet, and has water-boxes, feed-
boxes, etc.
In the left wing are two rooms for chickens, and two small rooms for sitting-hens,
which should be provided with nests, water, etc.

There are two chimneys in this building and a large ventilator on the roof.
An Extensive Poultry House.
Perspective View
Plan
SECTION SECOND.
Plate No. 38.
AN OENAMENTAL POULTRY-HOUSE.
This design for an ornamental poultry-bouse was made for a gentleman in Garrison's a
few years since.
It is designed to be of brick with a slated roof, and with the front, facing towards the
south, nearly all of glass. There is a sort of tower on the left, with a pigeon-house in the
upper part. The floors are concrete, finished off with cement. The heater is under ground,
in the right hand room, and the flue for smoke passes under the floor and terminates in a
chimney on the extreme left. There is a room for chickens, provided with boxes, etc., and
next it a room for feeding and roosting.
In the tower are rooms for sitting hens and laying hens, and over these rooms are other
roosts. There are troughs for water, boxes for feed, and other boxes for oyster-shells, ashes,
etc., conveniently placed in the several rooms.

An Ornamental Poultry House.
Perspective
PLAN
SECTION SECOND.
Plate No. 39.
ANICE-HOUSE.
This is supposed to be built partly out of ground
a design for a stone ice-house. It is
and partly beneath, and located somewhere in a grove of trees, so as to be protected from
the heat of the sun.
measures twelve feet square in the clear on the inside, and eighteen feet square on
It
the outside, and will contain about fifty tons of ice. The foundations are about ten feet
below the grade of the ground, and the walls rise to a height of eight feet above it, and
are covered with a steep and broadly overhanging roof It is built with two walls, as fol-
lows : The outer wall is of stone, and twenty inches thick, laid in cement-mortar from the
foundation to the plate. Inside of this wall, and eight inches from it all around, is carried
up an eight-inch brick wall. This wall commences twelve inches thick, and is carried up
that thickness a short distance, for the purpose of forming a ledge on which locust beams
may rest to carry the floor. The walls are carried way up to the under side of the roof-
boards and there tightly pointed, so that the eight-inch space is a space of dead air.
On the line of the plate the ice-house is tightly ceiled over and then covered with a
layer of tan or sawdust about a foot thick, and the space above is well-ventilated.
The bottom of the ice-house is dug out as much as practicable, and then filled up level,
and proposed floor, with small cobble-stones, so that thi'ough these there may
close to the
be ample drainage. Then the locust beams are placed on the ledges before spoken of, and
covered with a loose plank floor made of narrow and thick plank, and on this the ice may
be packed.
The doors are made double, and both peifectly tight. One is hung on the inside edge
of the wall, and the other on the outside edge, and both have strong fastenings and hinges.
It will be well to have the inner door made in two lengths, so that when the ice-house is
nearly full only the upper part may be exposed to the air, when ice is being removed.
An Ice House.
Perspective
Plan
16 Feet to one Inch
SECTION SECOND.
Plate No. 40.
A SWISS FAKM-HOUSE.
This picture represents a rough stone farm-house, designed after the manner of a Swiss
Chalet.
The walls are low, and built in the roughest manner of common stones, picked up here
and there on the side of the hill where it is located. The roof is broad, and the eaves pro-
ject some six feet beyond the and are supported on very heavy brackets made of
walls,
plank and joists. The entrance being some feet above the path along the front, is reached
by a flight of rough guarded by a rustic balustrade or railing made of rough cedar
steps,
sticks. On the upper side is a stoop with a gravel floor, and a roof formed by a continua-
tion of the main roof and supported on cedar posts. The main door opens directly into the
living-room, which is a pleasant room, measuring fourteen feet by sixteen. There is a side
entry four feet wide opening out upon the stoop, and also into a bed-room, eleven feet by
twelve. Connected with this bed-room is a pantry or closet, and between the bed-room and
living-room is a stairway to the attic. The cellar stairs are under these.
The attics have two bed-rooms finished off, and the cellar has a milk-room and a coal-
room.
A Swiss Farm House.
PERSPECTIVE
Plan
SECTION SECOND.
Plate No. 41.
A BILLIAED-HOUSE.
This little building was designed for a billiard-house on a gentleman's place near
Newburgh.
It is of brick on a stone foundation, and has an ornamental slated roof surmounted by
a large sky-light. The walls are eight inches thick, and ten feet high to the wall-plate. In
the centre of the front is an ornamental portico which shields the front entrance, and which
in winter may be entirely enclosed by a storm-casing.
The room inside measures twenty by twenty-six feet, and is nine feet high to the cornice
and sixteen feet high in the centre. The walls are furred off and plastered and tinted.
There is a floor of Southern pine and black walnut laid in patterns, and a wainscoting of South-
ern pine with base and cap of walnut. The window and door trimmings are of the same.
The roof is finished with ornamental rafteis and tracery, and ceiled up with narrow ceiling,
the rafters being stained dark and the ceiling simply shellacked. The skylight is
neatly
finished, and has ventilating windows regulated by ropes from below. In each of the four
corners there are neat comer cupboards, one of which is for a wash-bowl, one for billiard-
cues, balls, etc., and two for coats. The billiard-table is in the centre of the room, and has
ample space all around it for players.
A Billiard House.
^B*5^-
PEBSPECTIVE
SECTION THIRD.
GATES, GATEWAYS, AND FENCES.

SECTION THIRD.
Plate No. 42.
SIX DESIGNS FOR FINISHED FENCES.
On this plate we represent half a dozen designs for finished fences.

No. 1 has a boxed post fourteen inches square, made of inch and a quarter or inch and
a half pine plank, secured to a locust post, which is set three and a half feet in the ground.
The fence is about five feet high, and is made of plank strips about eight inches wide,
the outsides of which are sawed to a pattern, and placed about an inch apart, and secured at
the top and bottom by with a moulding on the outside near the bottom, and
string-pieces,
a heavy cap on the top. The work is all neatly planed, and the whole should be painted
and sanded.
No. 2 has a stone post about two feet square, and a stone base two and a half feet high,
set three and a half feet in the ground. The sill is of pine, four by twelve-inch stuff, bev-
eled on top, and the fence itself above this is similarly made to No. 1.
No. 3 is a tight board fence made of tongued and grooved plank, put together with
white lead in the joints. It has a moulded base about twelve inches high, and a heavy cap
covering the top edges. Just below the cap a scroll-work, sawed out of inch and a half
stuff, is planted on the face, and under this is a

heavy belt-moulding.
No. 4 has a cased post and a wooden tight bottom about two feet high, and on this is
put an iron railing which is screwed fast to both, and to locust posts put at intervals of
about seven feet —
or braced by iron rods to dwarf posts set inside the fence.
No. 5 is similar to No. 1, except that the strips are only five inches wide, and are set
only about one-quarter to one-third of an inch apart, and the sawing is all near the top.
No. 6 has a tight board-bottom, and above it open pickets of four-inch stuff, placed four
inches apart, and the tops sawed in a trefoil pattern.
Finished Fences.
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SECTION THIRD.
Plate No. 43.
SIX IRON AND STONE FENCES.
This plate shows some designs for iron fences with stone posts and stone bases, or
dwarf walls.
They are suitable for enclosures on the public streets of large towns, but hardly appro-
priate for the country, both on account of their greater cost, and because they have an arti-
ficial, finished appearance, that does not accord well with the country.
The great fault, generally, with iron fences, even in the city, is that they are too elabor-
ate altogether ;
too highly wrought with figures and carvings, in imitation of what might
be done in some other but never properly in iron.
material,
An iron fence should be substantial and strong, carrying with it an idea of protection,
yet should be light and unobtrusive, and neat withal.

Design No, 1 has a stone post and a stone base, twenty inches wide at the ground and
two and a half feet high, battering up to nothing at the top, and surmounted by a single
rod of iron with uprights at frequent intervals to support it. The bevels of the stone-work
are all hammer-dressed, but the vertical faces are left rough. This fence is
very simple, and
would answer an enclosure to a church-yard.
for
No. 2 has a more elaborate post which, with the base, might be of brown stone, as the
carving could be more easily executed in that material than in any harder stone. The base
is about eighteen inches high, with a saddle-back top and a rough face, and the iron-work is
light and open,

—
may be made of gas-pipe.
No. 3 is quite elaborate, and Nos. 4 and 6 rather plain. The posts of all these should
be of brown stone.
No. 5 has a heavy split granite post, and a rough rubble stone dwarf wall, coped with
a dressed stone, and surmounted by a low iron railing.
The foundations of all these fences should be set from three and a half to four feet
below the surface of the ground, to prevent any possibility of their being thrown by the
frost, as nothing can look worse than to see a fence or wall tipped over at all sorts of angles
with the ground, owing to a lack of proper depth of base-course or foundation.

Section Third. Plate No. 43.
Iron and Stone Fences.
—
SECTION THIRD.
Plate No. 44.
SIX EUSTIC FENCES.
OuE designs for fences would hardly complete without a few suggestions in the way
1)6
of rustic fences ; accordingly, on this plate we exhibit half a dozen examples of them in
their more simple and easily constructed forms.
Designs of this sort may be varied almost to infinity, according to the taste of the work-
man and the materials with which he has to work. A skillful person, in a ramble of a
couple of hours in the woods, may pick up hundreds of different kinds of twists and crooks,
all of which he may make and by the exercise of a little ingenuity in the combination
use of,
of these crooked pieces with straight ones, he may work up a very pretty design. In build-
ing a run of, say a hundred feet, he may make the different sections all dissimilar, and by
dividing each section into a number of smaller panels, as shown in the second figure of Plate
44, he may make a very great variety of pretty patterns. This figure shows a section of
about eight feet, divided into four panels. Straight pieces are used for strength, and the
filling up is of the crooked stuff.
The heavy posts which divide the sections should be from six to eight feet apart — not
over eight — and should be set from three and a half to four feet in the ground ;
and it
would be well to char the ends, as by so doing the possibilities are that the posts will last
longer than if not.
Red cedar is the best material, though sometimes white oak, and sometimes locust
is used.
Designs Nos. 1, 3 and 5, all have solid posts made of trunks of cedar trees.
Nos. 2 and 4 have cedai' or locusts posts boxed out with rough boards, and then covered
over with strips of small stuff split, and the flat side nailed to the boxing.
No. 6 has a very rough stone post, and a dwarf wall sixteen inches thick, coped with a
rough blue stone coping, and surmounted by rustic work secured by iron fastenings.
Rustic Fences.
PîM^M^^^Mi
I
SECTION THIRD.
Plate No. 45.
TWO RUSTIC GATEWAYS.
Plate No. 45 represents two designs for rustic gate-ways.

No. 1 is a small gate-way and two sections of a rustic fence, slightly differing from each
other in design, and constructed in a similar manner to those on the last plate.
No. 2 is a carriage gate-way, suitable for an entrance to a gentleman's place. The gate-
house is seen on the right, just within the fence. The central part, for carriages, is twelve
feet wide, and the gates are in two parts. The smaller ones are four feet wide each. That
one on the left may l)e made stationary, it having been introduced only for the purpose of
giving a balance to the different parts of the design.
Rustic Gateways.
SECTION THIRD.
Plate No. 46.
TWO EUSTIC GATEWAYS.
This plate shows two other designs for rustic gate-ways.

No. 1 is a single carriage gate ten feet wide, with a smaller hooded gate at the side of
it. All are made of red cedar, except that the hood of the small gate is first boarded over
with rough boards and then covered with bark, nailed on.
No. 2 is a small gate-way through a stone wall, suitable for a church-yard gate. This
is made of sawed stuff. The posts are seven or eight inches square, and the roof is sup-
ported on heavy sawed brackets, and covered with bark in the same manner as No. 1.
Rustic Gateways.
UAAAJ
SECTION THIRD.
Plate No. 47.
THREE CARRIAGE GATEWAYS.
Plate No. 47 exhibits three designs for finished carriage gateways, and sections of the
adjoining fences.
No. 1 has stone posts and stone dwarf walls coped with flat flagging, and surmounted
by an iron railing similar to some of those on Plate No. 43.
No. 2 a gate-way recently put up on the same place in Newburgh as the stable shown
is
on Plate No. 11. There are four locust posts boxed mth plank, and moulded with heavy
mouldings. gate-way is twelve feet wide, made of three by four-inch stuff, braced
The lai'ge
and bracketed with two-inch stuff. The smaller gateways are four feet wide, and the gate
on the left is stationary. The pickets are four feet long, five inches broad at the bottom and
two at the top, on top of a base board. The gates stand back about thirty feet
and rest
from the front line, and are connected with the main fence by two quarter-circle sweeps,
making a clear space or recess of about thirty by eighty feet, which adds much to the appear-
ance of the entrance, besides giving space to turn round in, clear of the public road.
Design No. 3 has dressed and moulded brown stone posts and heavy gates braced with
iron and ornamented with sawed work, and having heavy ornamental strap-hinges. The
fence is composed of three-inch rails and four-inch posts, made of hard wood and champ-
tered.
Section Third. Plate No. 47
Carriage Gateways.
r
SECTION THIRD.
Plate No. 48.
SIX SINGLE GATES.
This plate illustrates six designs for small single gates. They are all the same size,
being four feet in width and three feet and four inches high. They are all
designed to be
made of pine, the frames of two-and-a-quarter by three-and-a-quarter or three-and-a-halt-inch
stuff, and the inner braces, etc., of two-inch stuff.
No. 1 has curved braces and iron tightening-rods.

No. 2 is a plain design, made with straight-framed braces and sawed work beneath.
No. 3 is
strengthened by iron rods, and has sawed work in the lower part.
No. 4 has twisted dwarf columns above, and below the cross-rail is ceiled up, and has
ornamental one-and-a-quarter-inch braces planted on each side.
No. 5 is all framed together, and is the most expensive design of the set.
No. 6 has sawed balusters and angle brackets.

Single Gates.
K
SECTION THIRD.
Plate No. 49.
A STONE GATE-HOUSE.
An arrangement like the one shown on this plate, always serves to give character to a
gentleman's country place, besides being a great convenience to the persons whose duty is to
open and shut the gates.
The house itself is a small, low-walled building, constructed of rough stone, and having
on the first floor a parlor, kitchen and back kitchen, and in the second story a couple of good
sleeping-rooms.
The parlor and kitchen both measure eleven feet by thirteen, and the back kitchen is
eight l)y fourteen. There are stairs to the second story rising from the front entry, and
under them a flight to the cellar. The back kitchen has a door leading to the yard.
The and the right hand one forms a base for one of the
gate-posts are of dressed stone,
columns of the porch at the entrance, there being another similar post under the corresponding
column of the porch. The passage-way for persons walking is under this porch, there being a
small gate hung there — not shown in the picture, however. The main gates are of wood
braced with and hung with heavy ornamental strap-hinges.
iron,
This gate-way should stand from thirty to fifty feet back from the street, and have two
sweeps of stone wall connecting it with the main line of wall, and having
quarter-circle
heavy stone posts at the intersection surmounted with vases, like the left hand post
in
the picture. The whole thing should be well supported by trees and shrubbery which
should be planted in heavy masses and partially hide it from view.

all around it, couple A
of large elms or maples, planted just outside the wall, one on each side, would add still
more to the effect.

A Stone Gate House.
Elevation
'^^' S?4f4s®'-
Plan
SECTION THIRD.
Plate No. 50.
SIX RUSTIC STRUCTURES.
OuE last plate of designs sliows some rustic structures which may be very easily made
of red cedar or white oak.
No. pump-house, which is built directly upon the platform which covers the well
1 is a
and surrounds the pump. There are four posts made of trees, surmounted by a hipped roof
covered with bark or thatch.
No. 2 is a covering for a well made in the same manner.
No. 3 is an opening or passage-way in a stone wall covered with a roof; very suitable
for an entrance to a small country place, or for a church-yard gate.
No. 4 is a hood for a window or door, such as might be used with advantage on any
small and cheap cottage.

No. 5 is a summer-house table, and No. 6 is a garden-sofa made of rustic work.
Rustic Structures,
D ;
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SUPPLEMENT.
Plates Nos. 61 to 62.
STABLE FITTINaS.
In tLe twelve Plates whicli follow, we have introduced a number of examples of the
improved Stable Fittings, together with some illustrations of Stall and Boxes, aU com-
pletely fitted up most approved manner.
after the
They have been selected from the extensive Catalogue of James L. Jackson & Bro.,
East 28th and 29th Streets and 2d Avenue, New York, who have allowed the use of them
in this work.
Plates 51, 52 and 53, represent ranges of stalls and boxes, showing the iron feed and
water boxes, the iron partition guards, and the gutter running along behind the stalls.
Plates 54, 55 and 56, show the guards on a larger scale, and in a number of different
patterns.
On plates 57, 58, 59 and 60, are several different kinds of mangers, racks, brackets,
ventilators, gutters, &c., and, on plate 61 is shown a new method of hanging up harnesses
in a cupboard or against a wall.
Plate 62 shows four designs for iron-window guards, suitable for stable windows.
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Supplement. Plate No. 65.
SHORT STAR STALL GUARD.

4 ft. 10 in. long, by 2 ft. 2 in. high.
SHERWOOD STALL GUARD.

7ft. 9ln. long, by 2 ft. 6ln. high.
WROUGHT BAR STALL GUARD.

WIRE STALL GUARD.

7ft. 2 in. long, by 2 ft. 11 in. high.
LATTICE GUARD.
For Box Stalls, and for the Ends of other Stalls. 2 ft. 2 In. high.
STAR GUARDS.
For Box Stalls, and for the Ends of other Stalls. 1 ft. 10 in. high.
'
.
IMPROVED STABLE FITTINGS.

Consisting of Hay Box and Manger, as one
Consisting of Hay Box, Manger, and Water Trough, as one fixture, with round guard in front, and im-
fixture, with round guard in front, with halter guide, and proved fittings for halter guides, not shown
weight at back of stall. Length, 4- ft. 6 in. to 5 ft., by 1 ft. on cut. Length, 4 ft. in., to 4 ft. 6 in., by
1 ft. 10 in. wide.
10 in. wide.

Consisting of Heavy Iron Hay Rack, Manger, and Water
Trough, with round guard In front, as one fixture, with
innproved fittings for halter guide, preventing the horse from
becoming entangled with the halter. Length, 4 ft. 6 in. to
5 ft. in. by 1 ft. 10 in. wide.
IMPROVED STABLE FITTINGS FOR BOX STALLS

IMPROVED STABLE FITTINGS FOR BOX STALLS.
Consisting of Hay Box and Manger, with round guard
Consisting of Hay Box, Manger, and Water Trough, with round in front, to prevent injury to ihe horse, with improved
guard in front, to prevent Injury to the horse, and improved halter guide, not shown on drawing.
halter guide. Size 3 ft. 6 in., by 2 ft. 5 in.
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Supplement. Plate No. 68-
OAT MANGER AND WATER TROUGH COMBINED.

Size of Oat Manger, 16f in. by 13i in. by 11 in deep. Size of OAT MANGER.
Water Troughi U in. by 13i in. by 11 in. deep. Size 22iin. by 141 in by 9i in. deep.
CORNER OAT MANGER. OAT MANGER.

Inside Measure, 16i in. by 16 iin. by 1U in. deep. Size, inside measurei 16* in. long, 12 in. wide, 9t in. deep.
*'t*'/.-f-^/9^..
WET BRUSH AND SPONGE HEAVY CESS POOL FOR SECTION OF CESS
BOXES. STABLES. POOL TRAP.
14 in. by 6 in. Size, \^ in, by 14 ir. 12 in. round.
w.
HEAVY SQUARE CESS POOL. ROUND CESS POOL ,m

14 in. by 18 in., by 3 in. deep. Also nnade as a Trap.
LARGE TRAP.
BRACKET FOR OILING AND

WASHING HARNESS.
SADDLE BRACKET.
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QUARTER CIRCLE HAY RACK.
8TABLE CUTTER AND TRAP.

SUPPLEMENT. Plate No. 60.
I«
NIBBLING BAR AND SOCKET.
For wood mangers. Diameter of Bar. 3 in.
HALF CIRCLE HAY RACK.
ROUND VENTILATORS.
Size, 5 in. 6 in. 8 in.
48 cts. 58 cts. 75 cts. eacli by dozen«
QUARTER CIRCLE WROUGHT-IRON HAY RACK. (^
CARRIAGE POLE BRACKET.
BLANKET ROLLER.
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o VENTILATOR,
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a: for the introduction of fresh air
through an external wall,
< without draft.
When the Ventilator i» opon, as shown, the

incoming fteeh airftom
withont is diverted towards the ceiling, where it will spread on all
sides and become warm, so that in its descent it will not cause the
slightest draft, as the well-known fact that cold air is heavier than warm
HARNESS HOOKS. air, and descends, while the warm air ascends. It la closed and opened
Large and Small Size. by a cord.
Supplement.
WROUGHT IRON WINDOW GUARDS, FOR STABLES &. OTHER BUILDINGS.
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'

Newbur§ir& Cold Sp"rin^, N.Y

-Oeî^n^."Plan^^Êt-ail^£;n^raêd ^priqted b/ K^DF\f^F' BFID^. |êw yorl^.

Entered according to an Act of Congress in the year 1870, by

Plate No. 1. —A Cheap Stable for Two Horses.

SECTION SECOND —^Faem BuiLDrNGs and Outbuildings.

Plates No. 20 and 21. —Plumbiish Farmhouse.

Plate No. 24. —Plumbush Henery, etc.

" " and 27.—Barn

SECTION THIRD—Gates, Gateways and Fences.

Plate No. 42. —Six Designs Finished Fences.

The work is divided into three sections.

structure for a large and complete country place.

farming purposes, besides a number of designs

adjuncts to the houses on suburban and village lots

Section TTii/rd is devoted principally to enclosures ;

gate-house and gate combined, and several other

mer-houses, well houses, etc.

demands of the market.

carriages, would cost about $400 ;

SECTION FIRST— Stables.

SECTION THIRD—Gates. Gateways and Fences.

A CHEAP STABLE FOE TWO HOESES.

The main portion of the building is

A Cheap Stable for Two Horses.

A CHEAP STABLE FOE TWO HORSES AND A COW.

and battened manner, and has a shingled surmounted by a ventilator.

strictest economy in every particular.

A Cheap Stable for Two Horses, and A Cow.

AN ORNAMENTAL STABLE FOR TWO HORSES.

larger one, illustrated some pages fui'ther on.

An Ornamental Stable, for Two Horses.

A BEICK STABLE FOE A HOESE AND COW.

rising up into them from the ground by capillary attraction.

space should be filled in to the under side of the roof-boards.

exposed to view, but we think it

ment, or excuse even, for carelessness or neglect of any kind.

A Brick Stable for A Horse and Cow.

the main building be of frame, boarded vertically and battened.

ridge of the roof.

racks, and having iron lattice-work on the top of the partition.

the other doors may be smaller —

though in some cases the dimensions may be greater.

A Side Hill Stable.

A BRICK STABLE FOR TWO HORSES.

4, but having a diflferent roof and a different arrangement of plan.

A WOODEN STABLE FOR THREE HORSES.

A Wooden Stable for Three Horses.

A BRICK STABLE FOE THREE HORSES.

room, besides proper closet room.

above the ground.

swinging up against the ceiling when not in use.

in with mortar two feet above the floor.

cement wash, the recipe making which is given below.

The roofs are slated with ornamental slating.

lime, and thinning it to the consistency of ordinary white-wash ;

frequently to prevent the sand settling.

A Brick Stable for Three Horses.

A BRICK STABLE WITH A SHED ATTACHED.

paved with stones,