CHAPTER FOUR

DATA ANALYSIS AND PRESENTATION OF THE FINDINGS

4.0. Introduction

This chapter presents the analysis, presentation and the interpretation of the study. Descriptive
statistics of closed and opened ended questions were summarized, using frequency distribution
tables, pie charts and bar graph. The researcher administered 50 questionnaires and with the
willingness of the respondents, all were collected for the analysis with a margin error of 1
questionnaire was omitted.
4.1. Socio-Demographics of Respondents
Table 1; Gender
Frequency Percent Cumulative Percent
Male 26 53.1 53.1
Valid Female 23 46.9 100.0
Total 49 100.0
Source: Field Data, 2024
The frequency table above shows male has 26 which is 53.1% of the respondents while female
has 23 which is 46.9% of the respondents as shown on the pie chart below.

Figure 1: Gender
Table 2: Age of response
Frequency Percent Cumulative Percent
20-29 years 42 85.7 85.7
30-39 years 4 8.2 93.9
Valid
40-49 years 3 6.1 100.0
Total 49 100.0
Source: Field Data, 2024
The frequency table above shows 20 to 29 years has 42 which is 85.7% of the respondents, 30 to
39 years has 4 which is 6.1% of the respondents, while 40 to 49 years has 3 which is 6.1% of the
respondents as shown on the pie chart below.

Figure 2: Age of response

Table 3: Level of education

 Frequency Percent Cumulative Percent

Secondary Level 6 12.2 12.2

Valid University Level 43 87.8 100.0
Total 49 100.0
Source: Field Data, 2024
The frequency table above shows Secondary Level has 6 which is 12.2% of the respondents
while University Level has 43 which is 87.8% of the respondents as shown on the pie chart
below.

Figure 3: Level of education

Table 4: Marital status

 Frequency Percent Cumulative Percent

Single 25 51.0 51.0

Married 21 42.9 93.9
Valid Separated 2 4.1 98.0
22 1 2.0 100.0
Total 49 100.0
Source: Field Data, 2024
The frequency table above shows Single has 26 which is 51.0% of the respondents, married has
21 which is 42.9% of the respondents, while separated has 2 which is 4.1% of the respondents as
shown on the pie chart below.

Figure 4: Marital status

4.2. The effect of parenting lifestyles on child development

Table 5: In south Sudan, available evidence on the effectiveness of parenting lifestyles is part of
education programs in schools

Frequency Percent Cumulative Percent

Strongly Agree 18 36.7 36.7

Agree 26 53.1 89.8
Valid
Not Sure 5 10.2 100.0
Total 49 100.0
Source: Field Data, 2024
The frequency table shows that strongly agree has 18 which is 36.7% of the respondents, agree
has 26 which is 53.1% of the respondents, not sure has 5 which is 10.2% of the respondents who
said in South Sudan, available evidence on the effectiveness of parenting lifestyles is part of
education programs in schools as shown on the bar graph below.

Figure 5: In south Sudan, available evidence on the effectiveness of parenting lifestyles is part
of education programs in schools
Table 6: In south Sudan pursing, feeding gardening and health programs as a form of parenting
lifestyle offer special opportunities for practical teaching in child upbringing
Frequency Percent Cumulative Percent

Strongly Agree 27 55.1 55.1

Agree 18 36.7 91.8
Valid Not Sure 2 4.1 95.9
Strongly Disagree 2 4.1 100.0
Total 49 100.0
Source: Field Data, 2024
The frequency table shows that strongly agree has 27 which is 55.1% of the respondents, agree
has 18 which is 36.7% of the respondents, not sure has 2 which is 4.1% of the respondents,
strongly disagree has 2 that is 4.1% of the respondents who said that, in South Sudan pursing,
feeding gardening and health programs as a form of parenting lifestyle offer special opportunities
for practical teaching in child upbringing as shown on the bar graph below.

Figure 6: In South Sudan pursing, feeding gardening and health programs as a form of parenting
lifestyle offer special opportunities for practical teaching in child upbringing
Table 7: In Africa, more specifically in south Sudan, ways of parenting have great change that
vary with the preconceptions of the target communities
 Frequency Percent Cumulative Percent

Strongly Agree 17 34.7 34.7

Agree 21 42.9 77.6
Valid
Not Sure 11 22.4 100.0
Total 49 100.0
Source: Field Data, 2024
The frequency table shows that strongly agree has 17 which is 34.7% of the respondents, agree
has 21 which is 42.9% of the respondents, not sure has 11 which is 22.4% of the respondents,
disagree has 10 that is 20% of the respondents who said that, In Africa, more specifically in
South Sudan, ways of parenting have great change that vary with the preconceptions of the target
communities
as shown on the bar graph below.

Figure 7: In Africa, more specifically in South Sudan, ways of parenting have great change that
vary with the preconceptions of the target communities

Table 8: Household food security, is a prerequisite for people to have an adequate and balanced
food intake
Frequency Percent Cumulative Percent

Strongly Agree 33 67.3 67.3

Agree 7 14.3 81.6
Valid
Not Sure 9 18.4 100.0
Total 49 100.0
Source: Field Data, 2024
The frequency table shows that strongly agree has 33 which is 67.3% of the respondents, agree
has 7 which is 14.3% of the respondents, not sure has 9 which is 18.4% of the respondents who
said that, disagree has 10 that is 20% of the respondents, while strongly disagree has 3 which is
6% of the respondents who said that, household food security, is a prerequisite for people to have
an adequate and balanced food intake
as shown on the bar graph below.

Figure 8: Household food security, is a prerequisite for people to have an adequate and balanced
food intake
4.3. The challenges of the parenting lifestyle on child’s mental ability and objectives
Table 9: Lack of providing adequate information on the principal of child development and
education to people in rural and urban areas
Frequency Percent Cumulative Percent

Strongly Agree 23 46.9 46.9

Agree 19 38.8 85.7
Valid Not Sure 5 10.2 95.9
Disagree 2 4.1 100.0
Total 49 100.0
Source: Field Data, 2024
4.3.1 The frequency table shows that strongly agree has 23 which is 46.9% of the respondents,
agree has 19 which is 38.8% of the respondents, not sure has 5 which is 10.2% of the
respondents, disagree has 2 that is 4.1% of the respondents who said that, Lack of providing
adequate information on the principal of child development and education to people in rural and
urban areas as shown on the bar graph below.

Figure 9: Lack of providing adequate information on the principal of child development and
education to people in rural and urban areas.
Table 10; Lack of skills and motivation to procure and to consume appropriate diets
 Frequency Percent Cumulative Percent

Strongly Agree 25 51.0 51.0

Agree 18 36.7 87.8
Valid Not Sure 4 8.2 95.9
Disagree 2 4.1 100.0
Total 49 100.0
Source: Field Data, 2024
4.3.2 The frequency table shows that strongly agree has 25 which is 51.0% of the respondents,
agree has 18which is 36.7% of the respondents, not sure has 4 which is 8.2% of the respondents,
disagree has 2 that is 4.1% of the respondents who said that, Lack of skills and motivation to
procure and to consume appropriate diets
as shown on the bar graph below.

Figure 10: Lack of skills and motivation to procure and to consume appropriate diets

Table 11: A main weakness in the evaluation of parenting and child's education programs is that
often quantitative changes are not assessed
Frequency Percent Cumulative Percent
Strongly Agree 26 53.1 53.1
Agree 16 32.7 85.7
Not Sure 3 6.1 91.8
Valid Disagree 2 4.1 95.9
Strongly Disagree 1 2.0 98.0

22 1 2.0 100.0
Total 49 100.0
Source: Field Data, 2024
4.3.3 The frequency table shows that strongly agree has 26 which is 53.1% of the respondents,
agree has 16 which is 32.7% of the respondents, not sure has 3 which is 6.1% of the respondents,
disagree has 2 that is 4.1% of the respondents, while strongly disagree has 1 which is 2% of the
respondents who said that, a main weakness in the evaluation of parenting and child's education
programs is that often quantitative changes are not assessed
as shown on the bar graph below.

Figure 11: A main weakness in the evaluation of parenting and child's education programs is
that often quantitative changes are not assessed.
Table 12: Hunger is an ongoing problem that affects more than 1.2 million kindergarten children
in south Sudan
 Frequency Percent Cumulative Percent

Strongly Agree 37 75.5 75.5

Agree 11 22.4 98.0
Valid
22 1 2.0 100.0
Total 49 100.0
Source: Field Data, 2024
4.3.4 The frequency table shows that strongly agree has 37 which is 75.5% of the respondents,
agree has 11 which is 22.4% of the respondents who said that, Hunger is an ongoing problem
that affects more than 1.2 million kindergarten children in South Sudan
as shown on the bar graph below.

Figure 12: Hunger is an ongoing problem that affects more than 1.2 million kindergarten
children in south Sudan
4.4. Solution and recommendation of the challenges of parenting lifestyles on child
development
Table 13: The outcomes of evaluation must be made known to the proposed beneficiaries
 Frequency Percent Cumulative Percent

Strongly Agree 21 42.9 42.9

Agree 26 53.1 95.9
Valid Not Sure 1 2.0 98.0
11 1 2.0 100.0
Total 49 100.0
Source: Field Data, 2024
4.4.1 The frequency table shows that strongly agree has 21 which is 42.9% of the respondents,
agree has 26 which is 53.1% of the respondents, not sure has 1 which is 2.0% of the respondents
who said that, the outcomes of evaluation must be made known to the proposed beneficiaries as
shown on the bar graph below.

Figure 13: The outcomes of evaluation must be made known to the proposed beneficiaries

Table 14: Providing information on relationship between diet and health

Frequency Percent Cumulative Percent
 Strongly Agree 20 40.8 40.8
Agree 22 44.9 85.7
Valid Not Sure 6 12.2 98.0
44 1 2.0 100.0
Total 49 100.0
Source: Field Data, 2024
4.4.2 The frequency table shows that strongly agree has 20 which is 40.8% of the respondents,
agree has 22 which is 44.9% of the respondents, not sure has 6 which is 12.2% of the
respondents who said that, providing information on relationship between diet and health as
shown on the bar graph below.

Figure 14: Providing information on relationship between diet and health

Table 15: A mother who is truly committed to breastfeeding may have to forego possibilities of
wage employment altogether in order to be constantly with reach of her infant
 Frequency Percent Cumulative Percent

Strongly Agree 16 32.7 32.7

Agree 23 46.9 79.6
Not Sure 6 12.2 91.8
Valid
Disagree 2 4.1 95.9
11 2 4.1 100.0
Total 49 100.0
Source: Field Data, 2024
4.4.3 The frequency table shows that strongly agree has 16 which is 32.7% of the respondents,
agree has 23 which is 46.9% of the respondents, not sure has 6 which is 12.2% of the
respondents, disagree has 2 that is 4.1% of the respondents who said that, A mother who is truly
committed to breastfeeding may have to forego possibilities of wage employment altogether in
order to be constantly with reach of her infant
as shown on the bar graph below.

Figure 15: Providing information on relationship between diet and health

Table 16: To provide guidance for expanding or continuing a program
 Frequency Percent Cumulative Percent

Strongly Agree 17 34.7 34.7

Agree 25 51.0 85.7

Valid
Not Sure 7 14.3 100.0
Total 49 100.0
Source: Field Data, 2024
4.4.4 The frequency table shows that strongly agree has 17 which is 34.7% of the respondents,
agree has 25 which is 51.0% of the respondents, not sure has 7 which is 14.3% of the
respondents, disagree has 10 that is 20% of the respondents who said that, to provide guidance
for expanding or continuing a program as shown on the bar graph below.

Figure 16: To provide guidance for expanding or continuing a program

4.5 What are the effects of parenting lifestyles on child development?

  It influences the children mental wellbeing.
 It promotes academic achievement and motivation.

4.6 what are the challenges of parenting lifestyles on child’s mental ability and development?
 Fear, anxiety and low self-esteem.
 Child growing under authoritative parents may face challenges of expressing their
emotion freely.

4.7 what are the solutions and recommendations to the challenges of parenting lifestyles on
child’s development?
 Have time with your child/children.
 Be a good role model.
 Be a good communicator.

CHAPTER FIVE
 SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS

5.0. Introduction

This chapter is about general summary, conclusion and recommendations of the research study.

5.1. Summary

This study was about the impact of parenting lifestyles in affecting child’s development.
Successful child development and education often entails the active participation of the people,
their awareness to their child development problems and their willingness to change. To be
effective, a comprehensive child development and education programme requires intersectoral
collaboration among different professionals (in agriculture, education, health and communication
sectors) and should be based on a well-planned communication strategy, often using a
multimedia approach.
It has been shown that in addition to technical assistance, contributing factors to the success of a
programme include strong political and government support, external funding and the
strengthening of local managerial and community capacities. Child development problems in
South Sudan broadly falls into two categories, i.e. Those resulting from insufficient intake
relative to child developmental needs and those resulting from excessive and unbalanced intake
of foods or a particular dietary component. This study was based on three objectives which are;
The effect of parenting lifestyles on child development, the challenges of parenting lifestyles on
child’s mental ability and development, and the solutions and recommendations to the challenges
of parenting lifestyles on child development.
The research would ensure there is increasing child development knowledge and awareness of
the public and policy-makers as a form of parenting lifestyles. This research was conducted in
the National Ministry of Gender, Child and Social Welfare South Sudan – Juba; this study was
investigative in nature, as it looked into how parenting lifestyles influence child development in
the Ministry concerned as one of the institutions.
This study used a quantitative and qualitative because the questions gave views, opinions, and
the understanding of health workers in South Sudan as a whole, and their own analysis on the
impact of parenting lifestyles on child development. A total of 50 respondents were sampled
using a simple random sample in which data was collected and analysed with a sampling error of
1 that was omitted. From the main findings in South Sudan, available evidence on the
effectiveness of parenting lifestyles is part of education programs shows that strongly agree has
36.7% of the respondents, agree has 53.1% of the respondents, not sure has 10.2% of the
respondents. In South Sudan pursing, feeding gardening and health programs as a form of
parenting lifestyle offer special opportunities for practical teaching in child upbringing shows
that strongly agree has 55.1% of the respondents, agree has 36.7% of the respondents, not sure
has 4.1% of the respondents, strongly disagree has 4.1% of the respondents.
In Africa, more specifically in South Sudan, ways of parenting have great change that vary with
the preconceptions of the target communities shows that strongly agree has 34.7% of the
respondents, agree has 42.9% of the respondents, not sure has 22.4% of the respondents, disagree
has 20% of the respondents. Household food security, is a prerequisite for people to have an
adequate and balanced food intake shows that strongly agree has 67.3% of the respondents, agree
has 14.3% of the respondents, not sure has 18.4% of the respondents who said that, disagree has
20% of the respondents, while strongly disagree has 6% of the respondents.
Lack of providing adequate information on the principal of child development and education to
people in rural and urban areas shows that strongly agree has 46.9% of the respondents, agree
has 38.8% of the respondents, not sure has 10.2% of the respondents, disagree has 4.1% of the
respondents.
Lack of skills and motivation to procure and to consume appropriate diets shows that strongly
agree has 51.0% of the respondents, agree has 36.7% of the respondents, not sure has 8.2% of the
respondents, disagree has 4.1% of the respondents. A main weakness in the evaluation of
parenting and child's education programs is that often quantitative changes are not assessed
shows that strongly agree has 53.1% of the respondents, agree has 32.7% of the respondents, not
sure has 6.1% of the respondents, disagree has 4.1% of the respondents, while strongly disagree
has 2% of the respondents. Hunger is an ongoing problem that affects more than 1.2 million
kindergarten children in South Sudan shows that strongly agree has 75.5% of the respondents,
agree has 22.4% of the respondents.
The outcomes of evaluation must be made known to the proposed beneficiaries shows that
strongly agree has 21 which is 42.9% of the respondents, agree has 26 which is 53.1% of the
respondents, not sure has 1 which is 2.0% of the respondents who said that, t as shown on the bar
graph below.
Providing information on relationship between diet and health shows that strongly agree has
40.8% of the respondents, agree has 44.9% of the respondents, not sure has 12.2% of the
respondents.
A mother who is truly committed to breastfeeding may have to forego possibilities of wage
employment altogether in order to be constantly with reach of her infant shows that strongly
agree has 32.7% of the respondents, agree has 46.9% of the respondents, not sure has 12.2% of
the respondents, disagree has 4.1% of the respondents. To provide guidance for expanding or
continuing a program shows that strongly agree has 34.7% of the respondents, agree has 51.0%
of the respondents, not sure has 14.3% of the respondents, disagree has 20% of the respondents.

5.2. Conclusion

In conclusion, the parent-based approach to child development and education, which

encompasses the best elements of the two approaches, emphasizes the importance of active
community participation in making decisions and finding solutions for child development
problems. The community-based approach addresses the need for increased coverage, with
widespread training of community workers and members; the importance of building on
indigenous knowledge by incorporating community members as partners in programmes; and
also the need for actions to transform the socio-economic conditions of the community.
Possible child development and surveys to analyse the epidemiology of the child development
and problems; and participatory child development and appraisal, during which the people
concerned, with the assistance of the child development and education team, identify and analyse
the food and child development and issues of greatest interest to the community and of specific
groups within it; such issues may include high levels of infant child development and, childhood
illness and infant deaths.
These debates can support practitioners in reflecting on how their own beliefs about what is the
“best” kind of parenting to promote relational health and positive child outcomes may be shaping
their messaging for parents.
Among the factors influencing a course of action, a distinction has to be made between those that
can be tackled by the people concerned and those that are out of their control. In any event,
understanding of why people behave as they do is crucial to the ability to influence or change
certain types of behavior. This understanding can be acquired through audience analysis using
in-depth interviews of individual or focus group discussions which aim to elicit the factors that
motivate people to behave in certain ways.

5.3. Recommendations

Parenting intervention studies have further shown that more reactive children appear to benefit
more from experimentally induced positive changes in parenting. Thus, it is important for
practitioners to shift their perspectives on “difficult” children from vulnerability to opportunity
and support parents in adopting a similar view.
Indeed, to the extent that the biological parents of a highly reactive child may share similar
underlying genetic sensitivities, these parents may be especially responsive to practitioners’
efforts, just as their children are particularly responsive to their parenting.
Because the demands and challenges of parenting change as a function of children’s age, parents
must have opportunities to gain research-informed recommendations for supporting relational
health with their children from birth throughout the life span. For example, within early
childhood, toddlers’ and preschoolers’ growing autonomy and self-awareness creates new
demands and opportunities for both parent and child. Thus, supporting parents in reflecting on
the thoughts, feelings, and beliefs regarding their child’s increasing autonomy could be one
strategy for supporting relational health as children move through the early childhood years.
In recommendations to the study, the followings are recommendations to the study: -
1. The outcomes of evaluation must be made known to the proposed beneficiaries
2. Providing information on relationship between diet and health
3. A mother who is truly committed to breastfeeding may have to forego possibilities of
wage employment altogether in order to be constantly with reach of her infant
4. Be a good role model
5. To provide guidance for expanding or continuing a program
6. Have time for your child/children
6.4. Areas for Further Study

The following areas for research further study:

i) The contributing factors that low child’s mental development in South Sudan.
ii) Effect of malnutrition to the health and growth of child in the community.
iii) Impact of maternal mortality on the society in South Sudan.