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    Pad Foundation Design Example Eurocode 2

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    tedy yideg
    The document summarizes the design of a pad foundation to support a 450mm x 450mm column. It includes calculations to determine the size, reinforcement, and bearing capacities of the pad foundation based on the loads and soil properties. The pad size is determined to be 3.75m x 3.75m x 0.75m thick. The reinforcement consists of B20 bars at 175mm centers. Calculations are provided to check the bearing capacity, shear resistance, and stresses in the reinforcement to verify the design meets code requirements.

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    Pad Foundation Design Example Eurocode 2

    Uploaded by

    tedy yideg
    705 views5 pages
    The document summarizes the design of a pad foundation to support a 450mm x 450mm column. It includes calculations to determine the size, reinforcement, and bearing capacities of the pad foundation based on the loads and soil properties. The pad size is determined to be 3.75m x 3.75m x 0.75m thick. The reinforcement consists of B20 bars at 175mm centers. Calculations are provided to check the bearing capacity, shear resistance, and stresses in the reinforcement to verify the design meets code requirements.

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    Pad Foundation Design Example Eurocode 2 _

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    The document summarizes the design of a pad foundation to support a 450mm x 450mm column. It includes calculations to determine the size, reinforcement, and bearing capacities of the pad foundation based on the loads and soil properties. The pad size is determined to be 3.75m x 3.75m x 0.75m thick. The reinforcement consists of B20 bars at 175mm centers. Calculations are provided to check the bearing capacity, shear resistance, and stresses in the reinforcement to verify the design meets code requirements.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    705 views5 pages

    Pad Foundation Design Example Eurocode 2

    Uploaded by

    tedy yideg
    The document summarizes the design of a pad foundation to support a 450mm x 450mm column. It includes calculations to determine the size, reinforcement, and bearing capacities of the pad foundation based on the loads and soil properties. The pad size is determined to be 3.75m x 3.75m x 0.75m thick. The reinforcement consists of B20 bars at 175mm centers. Calculations are provided to check the bearing capacity, shear resistance, and stresses in the reinforcement to verify the design meets code requirements.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 5

    Pad Foundation

    Types of Pad Foundations


    Reinforced Pad Foundations – These are foundations containing reinforcement bars for tension and compression in
    the foundation. The bars used in the design are typically grade 500B in accordance to British Standards, but this means
    the yield stress of the bar is 500 N/mm2.

    Concrete pad foundation – These are foundations that are just mass filled concrete bases, containing no
    reinforcement. This is usually for supports undertaking a minimal amount of load. (It is always better to put the minimum
    amount of reinforcement to avoid any cracking).

    Combined Pad Foundations – These foundations occur when the pads are too close together due to closely spaced
    columns. This involves making a larger pad foundation supporting 2 or more columns.

    Ground beams and Pad foundations – This involves using ground beams at the foundation level to transfer load into
    the pads. This can be practically seen in housing construction where we have ground beams supporting masonry walls.

    Foundation Reinforcement

    Structural Pad Foundation Design Example - Eurocode 2


    Pad Foundation Design Example using prescriptive method

    The structural pad foundation is to be designed against a Permanent load of 1200 kN and Imposed load of 550 kN.
    There is a moment of 250 kNm (permanent) and 200 kNm (imposed).

    The column size is 450 x 450mm.

    fck = 40 N/mm2

    fyk = 500 N/mm2

    Max bearing stress = 200 N/mm2


    Pad Foundation Design Example

    Determine size of pad at serviceability limit state

    Base weight is 3.75m x 3.75m x 0.75 x 25 = 265 kN

    Total SLS Load = 1200 + 550 +265 = 2015 kN

    Minimum pad area = 2015/200 = 10.1m2

    Add an additional 25% for moment = 10.1 x 1.25 = 12.63m2

    The area of the pad = 3.75 x 3.75 = 14.06m2

    Calculate eccentricity

    e = M/P = (250 + 200)/2015 = 0.22m

    For no tension:

    6 x 0.22 = 1.32m > L , okay

    depth of base = 0.75m

    Bearing Stresses at SLS

    pmax = P/A + My/I

    pmax = 2015/14.06 + 450 x (3.75/2)/(3.75 x 3.753/12)

    pmax = 143.3 + 51.2 = 194.5 kN/m2

    pmax = 143.3 ± 51.2 = 194.5 and 92.1 kN/m2


    Pad Foundation Design - Serviceability bearing pressures

    Ultimate Limit state - soil bearing pressure


    Note – do not include self-weight

    Column design axial load:

    ULS Vertical Load = 1.35 x (1200) + 1.5 x 550 = 2445 kN

    M = 1.35 x 250 + 1.5 x 200 = 640 kNm

    p = 2445/14.06 + 640 x (3.75/2)/(3.75 x 3.753/12)

    pmax = 174 ± 72.82 = 246.71 and 101.18 kN/m2


    Pad Foundation Design - Ultimate bearing pressures

    Maximum shear resistance of foundation



    The depth of the foundation is 750mm and the effective depth to reinforcement has been assumed to be 680mm.

    At the column face, Vrd,max

    fck fck
    = 0.5ud[0.6(1 − 250
    )]
    1.5

    f40
    = 0.5(4 × 450) × 680 × [0.6(1 − 250
    )]
    40

    1.5

    = 8225 kN (> 2445 kN)

    Punching Shear
    Punching shear is a failure mechanism in slabs and foundations, which causes shear stresses to develop at a perimeter
    of 2.0d from the edge of the column face. A more detailed explanation can be found on this page – What is punching
    shear? (https://civilsguide.com/what-is-punching-shear/)

    Basic control perimeter = column perimeter + 4πd

    = 4 x 450 + 4π x 680 = 10345 mm

    Area within perimeter = (450 + 4d)2 – (4-π)(2.0d)2

    = (450 + 1800)2 – (4-π)(1360)2 = 3.47 x 106 mm

    therefore,

    Punching shear force, VEd = (2445 – (3.47 x (247+102)/2)) = 1840 kN

    Punching shear stress vEd


    VEd
    =
    P erimeter×d

    3
    1840×10 2
    vEd = = 0.262N /mm
    10345×680

    Bending Reinforcement
    Maximum bending at the face of the column is defined by the equation below:

    2 2
    Mu = (183 × 1.65 × 0.5) + (247 − 102) × 1.65 /3

    Distance to face of column is 3.75/2 – 0.45/2 = 1.65m

    =381 kNm per m width

    For the concrete

    2 6 2
    Mu/bd fck = 381 × 10 /(1000 × 680 × 40) = 0.0206

    From the lever-arm curve, la can be determine or z = d[0.5 + √(0.25-K/1.134)]

    z = 680[0.5 + √ 0.25–0.0206/1.134] = 667mm , check if this is less than 0.95d (0.95 x 680 = 646 mm)

    use z = 646 mm

    As =
    M

    0.87fykz
    = (381x 10^6)/(0.87 x 500 x 646) = 1356 mm2/m

    Therefore, provide B20 bars @ 200mm c/c, As = 1570 mm2/m.

    Check Bar Stresses:

    Stress in reinforcement can be checked through the equation below:

    fyk ψ2Qk+Gk As,req 1



    σs =
    γms 1.5Qk+1.35Gk As,prov δ
    where ψ2 can be taken from the table NA.A1.1, which contains values for buildings.

    δ can be taken as 1.0



    fck

    γms
    = 435 for 500 MPa reinforcement.

    Stress in reinforcement can be checked through the equation below:

    0.7×550+1200 1356
    σs = 435 = 243M P a
    1.5×550+1.35×1200 1570

    We can check the 243 MPa on the allowable stresses for bars. The maximum bar spacing can be taken as 175mm.

    We have chosen a bar spacing of 200mm, which is greater than 175mm.

    Increase the spacing of the bars to 175mm c/c. Therefore, new area of steel is 1795mm2/m.

    The table for maximum bar stresses can be found in this page: One way slab design to EC2
    (https://civilsguide.com/one-way-spanning-slab-design-example-ec2/)

    Final Punching Shear


    The resistance of the concrete shear needs to be checked with the reinforcement added to the concrete.

    We need to determine the percentage of steel in the section.

    As 1570
    = = 0.0022(= 0.23
    bd 1000×680

    1/3
    vrd,c = [0.12k × (100 × ρ × fck) ]

    where K = 1 + √ 200/d

    where K = 1 + √ 200/680 = 1.54

    1/3 2
    vrd,c = [0.12 × 1.54 × (100 × 0.0023 × 40) ] = 0.39N /mm

    −3
    Vrdc = vrdcu1d = 0.39 × 10345 × 680 × 10 = 2746kN

    2746kN (> VEd = 1840kN )

    Minimum Shear Force @ 1.0d from column


    At the critical section for shear, normal shear at 1.0d from the column face.

    VEd at 1.0d is 209 kN/m per m width

    Design shear force, VEd = 209 x 103 / (1000 x 680) = 0.31 N/mm2

    From the previous calculation, we determined the shear stress resistance, vrd,c to be 0.39 N/mm2 > 0.31 N/mm2
    …. OKAY

    Pad Foundation - Normal Shear 

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