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    Non Trad MOD6

    Uploaded by

    Vishnu K C
    Non traditional machining-6

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Non Trad MOD6

    Uploaded by

    Vishnu K C
    2 views23 pages
    Non traditional machining-6

    Original Title

    non_trad_MOD6

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    © © All Rights Reserved

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    PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

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    Non traditional machining-6

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    2 views23 pages

    Non Trad MOD6

    Uploaded by

    Vishnu K C
    Non traditional machining-6

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 23

    LASER BEAM MACHINING

    Sun rays and a lens, burn a piece of paper


    Laser Beam Machining

    A laser is a device that emits light through a process of optical amplification


    based on the stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation. The term
    ”laser” originated asan acronym for:
    Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation

    Lasing process describes the basic operation of laser, i.e. generation of


    coherent (both temporal and spatial) beam of light by ”light
    amplification” using ”stimulated emission”.

    The laser differs from other incoherent light because it is:


    1) Monochromatic
    2) Coherent
    3) Directional or collimated
    4) Bright
    Light Spectrum
    Principle of LASER
    • The electrons at ground state can be excited to higher state of energy by
    absorbing energy form external sources like increase in electronic vibration
    at elevated temperature, through chemical reaction as well as via absorbing
    energy of the photon.
    • The electron movesfrom a lower energy level to a higher energy level.
    • On reaching the higher energy level, the electron reaches an unstable energy
    band. And it comes back to its ground state within a very small time by
    releasing aphoton. This is called spontaneous emission.
    Spontaneous vs. Stimulated Emission
    Working of LASER
    LASER beam machining system
    LASER beam incident power
    LASER beam cutting process
    Change in cut front with increase in cutting speed
    LASER beam and depth of focus

    −8r2
    I (r ) = I0 exp
    w2
    where ,
    I0 is the maximum intensity, r is defined as the distance from the center of the
    beam in gaussian distribution of laser beam, and w(minimum spot or gaussian
    beam diameter) is the diameter at which the Intensity is 1/e2 of its maximum
    value.
    Types of LASERS
    Gas assistance in LBM

    Beam Parameters: Wavelength, Spatial mode structure, Brightness,


    Position, beamwaist, Polarization, and Spot size.
    Machining with long pulse lasers and short pulse laser
    Machining with long pulse lasers and short pulse laser
    Process characteristics
    Process characteristics

    Geometry of a drilled hole using LBM process


    Power Density and MRR in LBM
    The input and focus of LBM are converted to thermal energy to
    vaporize the work piece material. The size of the spot diameter dsis
    determined by

    ds = Fl θ
    where Fl is the focal length of lens and θ is the beam divergence
    angle (rad).The area of the laser beam at focal point, As , is

    π
    A s = (F lθ) 2
    4
    Power Density and MRR in LBM

    The power of the laser beam, Lp , is given by

    Lp = E s/∆ t
    where Es is the laser energy (in the unit of J) and ∆t is the pulse duration
    of the laser.
    The power density of the laser beam, P d (in the unit of W/mm2),
    is given by
    Power Density and MRR in LBM

    The drilling feed rate f (in the unit of mm/s) can be described as
    follows:

    where the conversion efficiency Cl is a constant depending on the


    material and conversion efficiency and Ev is vaporization energy of
    the work piece material(J/mm 3).
    The MRR can be calculated as follows:
    Parametric Analysis
    LASER applications
    LASER applications

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