This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles

for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

Designation: C1016 − 14 (Reapproved 2022)

Standard Test Method for

Determination of Water Absorption of Sealant Backing
(Joint Filler) Material1
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C1016; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.

1. Scope 4. Summary of Test Method

1.1 This test method covers a laboratory procedure for 4.1 The mass of three measured specimens of backing is
determining the water absorption characteristics of sealant determined. The specimens are then placed in room tempera-
backing and joint filler materials, hereinafter referred to as ture water for 24 h after which the specimens are removed from
backing. the water and their mass measured. The change in mass is
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as calculated, and the result is expressed as a change in mass per
standard. The values given in parentheses after SI units are unit of volume.
provided for information only and are not considered standard. 4.2 Procedure A measures the maximum amount of water
1.3 The committee with jurisdiction over this standard is not that can enter the backing. Procedure B measures the amount
aware of any comparable standards published by other ASTM of water that can enter the backing with the backing cut ends
committees or other organizations. sealed.

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1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
5. Significance and Use

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responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro- 5.1 This test method determines the amount of water ab-
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter- sorbed by a backing material. Water absorption by the backing
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. may affect sealant performance.
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1.5 This international standard was developed in accor-
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
5.2 This test method is also useful when designating proper
storage of back up material and in determining appropriate
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the precautions when using backing materials.
Development of International Standards, Guides ASTM C1016-14(2022)
and Recom-
5.3 The specifier, using this test method, can exercise
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
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Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
judgment in the selection of backing materials based on water
absorption characteristics.
2. Referenced Documents
6. Apparatus
2.1 ASTM Standards:2
C717 Terminology of Building Seals and Sealants 6.1 Balance, sensitive to 0.1 g (0.004 oz).
6.2 Rule, steel, graduated to 1.0 mm (;1⁄16 in.).
3. Terminology 6.3 Shallow Pan for Water, at least 50 mm (2 in.) deep and
3.1 Definitions—Refer to Terminology C717 for the follow- 350 mm (14 in.) long.
ing terms used in this test method: joint filler, sealant, and 6.4 Paraffın Wax.
sealant backing.
7. Sampling
1
This test method is under jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C24 on Building 7.1 Take samples from manufactured product. The number
Seals and Sealants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C24.20 on of samples for each lot shall be agreed upon between the
General Test Methods. purchaser and the seller. A sample shall consist of three test
Current edition approved June 1, 2022. Published July 2022. Originally approved
specimens.
in 1984. Last previous edition approved in 2014 as C1016 – 14. DOI: 10.1520/
C1016-14R22.
2
7.2 Sample selection is important, therefore, the sample
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
should be representative of typical backing production. Care
contact ASTM Customer Service at [email protected]. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on should be exercised in choosing samples that have not been
the ASTM website. damaged by inappropriate storage or handling.

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1
 C1016 − 14 (2022)
7.3 Samples should be of uniform shape for their length to 10.2.5 Submerge the entire specimen in water in a shallow
enable accurate calculation of volume. pan. Secure the specimen so the top side, in the long
dimension, is approximately 25 mm (1 in.) below the surface.
8. Test Specimens
10.2.6 After immersion for 24 h, remove the specimen by
8.1 A test specimen is a piece of backing 300 mm 6 5 mm picking it up 3 in. (75 mm) from the ends and place it
(12 in. 6 0.25 in.) in length. Ideally the cross-sectional backing immediately on the weighing platform. Do not press or squeeze
area should be from 2 cm2 to 3 cm2 (0.3 in.2 to 0.5 in.2). Cut the specimen. Within the next 1 min, record the mass of the
three test specimens from each sample. specimen to the nearest 0.1 g (0.004 oz).
9. Conditioning 10.2.6.1 The weighing platform should be large enough to
support the entire specimen and serve as a tray to catch any
9.1 Condition the test specimens at standard conditions as water that may leave the specimen during mass determination.
listed in C717 for a minimum of 24 h prior to testing, provided
the specimens feel and appear dry. Specimens that appear
11. Calculation
damp should be dried in accordance with the manufacturer’s
recommendations before the 24 h conditioning period starts. 11.1 Calculate each specimen’s dry cross-sectional area (A0)
using the appropriate formula for the geometry of the cross-
10. Procedure section shape.
10.1 Procedure A:
11.2 Calculate the dry, original volume, (V0), as follows:
10.1.1 Measure the mass of each conditioned specimen to
the nearest 0.1 g (0.004 oz) and record. V0 5 10 3 A0
10.1.2 Measure and record the length of each specimen to where:
the nearest 1 mm (1⁄16 in.).
V0 = original dry volume, cm3 (in.3),
10.1.3 Measure and record the appropriate end dimensions
A0 = cross-sectional area cm2 (in.2), and
of each specimen to the nearest 1 mm (1⁄16 in.), to permit a 10 = original length, cm (in.).

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cross-sectional area calculation.
10.1.3.1 The procedures in 10.1.2 and 10.1.3 are critical to 11.3 Calculate water absorption as a mass per unit volume
the precision and bias of the test. Care is required to obtain for each specimen as follows:
accurate measurements.
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10.1.4 Submerge the entire specimen in water in a shallow W5
m0 2 m1
V0

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pan. Secure the specimen so the top side in the long dimension,
is approximately 25 mm (1 in.) below surface. where:
10.1.5 After immersion for 24 h, remove the specimen by W = water absorption, g/cm3 (oz/in.3),
picking it up 3 in. (75 mm) from the ends and place it m1 = initial mass, g (oz),
ASTM
immediately on the weighing platform. Do not press C1016-14(2022)
or squeeze m0 = final mass, g (oz), and
specimen. Within the next 1 min, record the mass of the V0 = initial dry volume, cm3 (in.3)
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the
specimen. Within the next 1 min, record the mass of the 11.4 For purposes of calculation it is assumed that, at 23 °C
specimen to the nearest 0.1 g (0.004 oz).
6 2 °C (73 °F 6 3 °F) and atmospheric pressure, 1 g (0.035
10.1.5.1 The weighing platform on the balance should be
oz) of water occupies 1 cm3 (0.061 in.3) in volume.
large enough to support the entire specimen and serve as a tray
to catch any water that may leave the specimen during mass 11.5 Calculate the sample average water absorption as
determination. follows:
10.2 . Procedure B: W 1 1W 2 1W 3
Wa 5
10.2.1 Measure and record the length of each specimen to 3
the nearest 1 mm (1⁄16 in.).
where:
10.2.2 Measure and record the appropriate end dimensions
of each specimen to the nearest 1 mm (1⁄16 in.), to permit a Wa = average water absorption, g/cm3 (oz/in.3),
cross-sectional area calculation. W1 = Specimen 1 water absorption, g/cm3 (oz/in.3),
10.2.2.1 The procedures in 10.2.1 and 10.2.2 are critical to W2 = Specimen 2 water absorption, g/cm3 (oz/in.3), and
W3 = Specimen 3 water absorption, g/cm3 (oz/in.3).
the precision and bias of the test. Care to obtain accurate
measurements is required.
10.2.3 Dip the cut ends of the specimen to a depth of 3.0 12. Report
mm (1⁄8 in.) in melted paraffin wax at 65 6 5°C, remove and let 12.1 Report the following information:
cool. Repeat the dipping three times until the ends are 12.1.1 Name and description of the tested backing material,
completely sealed by approximately 1 mm (1⁄16 in.) of paraffin
wax on each cut end. 12.1.2 Date of receipt of the backing material,
10.2.4 After the wax cools, measure the mass of each 12.1.3 Procedure A or B, and
conditioned specimen to the nearest 0.1 g (0.004 oz) and 12.1.4 Individual specimen and sample average water ab-
record. sorption values.