2024 HCI H2 Physics Paper 2 Question Paper

HWA CHONG INSTITUTION
JC2 Preliminary Examination

Higher 2
CANDIDATE
CT GROUP 23S
NAME
CENTRE INDEX
NUMBER NUMBER
PHYSICS 9749/02
Paper 2 Structured Questions 10 September 2024
2 hours
Candidates answer on the Question Paper.
No Additional Materials are required.
READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS FIRST

Write your Centre Number, index number and name in the spaces at the top of this page.
Write in dark blue or black pen on both sides of the paper.
You may use a soft pencil for any diagrams or graphs.
Do not use staples, paper clips, glue or correction fluid.
The use of an approved scientific calculator is expected, where appropriate.
The number of marks is given in brackets [ ] at the end of each question or part question.
You are reminded of the need for good English and clear presentation in your answers.
For Examiner’s Use
Paper 2
1 6
2 11
3 5
4 8
5 9
6 10
7 9
8 22
Deductions
Total 80
This paper consists of 25 printed pages, including 3 BLANK pages.

2
Data Formulae
speed of light in free space, uniformly accelerated motion 1 2

s = ut + at
c = 3.00  10 m s
8 -1 2
2 2
v = u + 2as
permeability of free space,
-7
o = 4  10 H m
-1 work done on / by a gas W = p V
permittivity of free space, hydrostatic pressure p = gh

-12 -1
o = 8.85  10 F m Gm
-9 -1 gravitational potential =−
 (1/(36))  10 F m r
elementary charge, temperature T/K = T/ C + 273.15
-19
e = 1.60  10 C 1 Nm
pressure of an ideal gas P=  c2 
3 V
the Planck constant,
- 34
h = 6.63  10 J s mean kinetic energy of a 3
molecule of an ideal gas E= kT
2
unified atomic mass constant,
-27 displacement of particle in
u = 1.66  10 kg x = xo sin t
s.h.m.
rest mass of electron,
-31 velocity of particle in s.h.m. v = vo cos t
me = 9.11  10 kg
=   ( xo − x 2 )
2
rest mass of proton,

-27
mp = 1.67  10 kg electric current I = Anvq
molar gas constant, resistors in series R = R1 + R2 + . . .
-1 -1
R = 8.31 J K mol
resistors in parallel 1/R = 1/R1 + 1/R2 + . . .
the Avogadro constant,
Q
V=
23 -1 electric potential
NA = 6.02  10 mol
4 o r
the Boltzmann constant, alternating current / voltage
-23 -1 x = xo sin  t
k = 1.38  10 J K
magnetic flux density due to a μo I
gravitational constant, long straight wire B=
-11
G = 6.67  10 N m kg
2 -2 2d
magnetic flux density due to a
acceleration of free fall, flat circular coil μo N I
-2
B=
g = 9.81 m s 2r
magnetic flux density due to a
long solenoid B = onI
radioactive decay
x = xo exp ( -t )
decay constant ln2

=
t1
2
© Hwa Chong Institution 2024 9749 / 02 / Preliminary Examination 2024

3
BLANK PAGE

4
1 Fig. 1.1 shows an incident photon of momentum 7.30 x 10-22 kg m s–1 colliding with a stationary
electron.
25°
scattered electron
momentum pe
Fig. 1.1
After the collision, the photon is scattered off through an angle of 60o and has a momentum pp. The
electron gets scattered off at an angle of 52o with a momentum pe. Their scattering angles are
measured with respect to the path of the incident photon.
(a) Explain why linear momentum is conserved in this collision for the system of photon and
electron.
[1]
(b) Consider the photon and electron as a system.

(i) State the total momentum of the system along the
1. x-direction,
momentum in x-direction = kg m s-1 [1]

2. y-direction.
momentum in y-direction = kg m s-1 [1]

5
(ii) Applying the principle of conservation of momentum in both directions, determine the
momentum pe of the electron after the collision.
momentum pe of the electron = kg m s-1 [3]
[Total: 6]

6
2 (a) State Newton’s law of gravitation.
[2]
(b) Fig. 2.1 shows a hypothetical stable three-body system. The system comprises of three
identical masses A, B and C orbiting about a common centre of rotation O.
The radius of orbit is 7.60 × 108 m.
mass B
radius of orbit
8
7.60 × 10 m
mass A
O
distance between two masses

9
1.32 × 10 m mass C
Fig 2.1
The masses are equally distributed along the circular path of orbit, such that the distance
between any two masses is always the same.
9
The distance between the centres of any two masses is 1.32 × 10 m. Each mass is
6.20 × 1024 kg.
(i) Show that the resultant force on mass A is 2.55 × 1021 N.
[2]

7
(ii) Hence, calculate the period of orbit of the three masses about O. Explain your working.
period = s [3]
(iii) Explain why gravitational potential near this system of three masses is always negative.
[2]
(iv) Calculate the gravitational potential energy of this system of three masses.
gravitational potential energy = J [2]
[Total: 11]

8
3 (a) Describe what is meant by a polarised wave.
[2]
(b) A narrow beam of light is incident on three ideal polarising filters A, B and C as illustrated in
Fig. 3.1.
Fig. 3.1
The emergent beam after passing through filter A has an intensity of I.

Filter C is fixed in position such that its polarising axis is at an angle of 45° from the polarising
axis of filter A.
Filter B is allowed to rotate. θ is the angle between the polarising axes of filter A and B.
(i) Polarising filter B is rotated from θ = 0° to θ = 180°.

Besides θ = 90°, there is another angle  where the intensity of light emergent from filter
C is zero. State the value of this angle.
= o
[1]

9
(ii) Filter B is adjusted such that θ = 60°.
Determine the intensity of light, in terms of I, that emerges from filter C.
intensity = I [2]
[Total: 5]

10
4 An electron is travelling at right angles to a uniform magnetic field of flux density 1.2 mT, as illustrated
in Fig. 4.1.
region of uniform
magnetic field into
plane of paper
A
•
Fig. 4.1
The magnetic field is directed into the plane of the paper.

When the electron is at A, its velocity is 2.8 x 107 m s-1 in the direction shown. This is normal to the
magnetic field.
(a) (i) On Fig. 4.1, sketch the path of the electron, assuming that it does not leave the region of
the magnetic field. [1]
(ii) Show that the radius of the path of the electron is 13 cm.
[2]

11
(b) (i) A uniform electric field is applied in the same region so that the electron now moves
undeflected through the magnetic field.
1. Draw on Fig. 4.1 the direction of the electric field. Label your arrow E.
2. Determine the magnitude of the electric field strength.
magnitude of electric field strength = N C-1 [3]
(ii) If however, the direction of the uniform electric field is in the same direction as the
magnetic field, describe the shape of the resultant path of the electron.
You may draw a sketch to illustrate the path if you wish.
[2]
[Total: 8]

12
5 Fig. 5.1 shows an a.c. power supply connected to three resistors.
3.0 Ω 6.0 Ω
12.0 Ω
Fig. 5.1
The variation with time t of the voltage V of the power supply is given by the expression:
V = 15 sin 628t
(a) Determine, for the power supply,
(i) the period T of the a.c. voltage,
T= s [1]
(ii) the root-mean-square (r.m.s.) voltage Vrms,
Vrms = V [1]
(iii) the peak current I0 from the power supply,
I0 = A [2]

13
(iv) the mean power <P> dissipated in the resistor of resistance 6.0 Ω.
<P> = W [2]
(b) Use your answers in (a) to sketch, on the axes of Fig 5.2, the variation with time t of the power
P transferred in the 6.0 Ω resistor, for two complete periods of the alternating potential
difference. Label your axes and indicate relevant values.
P/W
0 t/s
Fig. 5.2
[3]
[Total: 9]

14
6 Fig 6.1 shows the set-up of the Davisson and Germer experiment which was originally designed to
measure the energy of electrons scattered from a nickel metal target.
Fig. 6.1
Electrons are accelerated from rest through a potential difference of 100 V in the electron gun.
The accelerated beam of electrons, which emerge from the electron gun, is then directed at an angle
 with respect to the surface of the nickel target.
Electrons that are scattered from the nickel are collected by a detector which measures the rate I at
which the charges are collected.
(a) Consider a single electron that is being accelerated inside the electron gun.
(i) Calculate the final speed attained by the electron before emerging from the gun.
speed = m s-1 [2]
(ii) Deduce the corresponding de Broglie wavelength of the electron.
de Broglie wavelength = m [2]

15
(b) The nickel metal has a regular crystalline geometry. Two horizontal atomic planes in the nickel
metal, separated by distance d, are shown in Fig 6.2.
The electrons in the electron beam from the electron gun can take different paths to the nickel
and then to the detector. Two possible paths, path 1 and path 2, are illustrated. Both paths
make the same angle  with respect to the planes.
Fig. 6.2 (not to scale)
(i) Determine an expression, in terms of d and , for the path difference between the
electrons of path 1 and path 2.
path difference = [1]

16
(ii) In a particular experiment, the angle  that the electron beam makes with the atomic
planes is kept constant while the accelerating voltage V of the electron gun is slowly
increased.
Fig 6.3 shows the graph of the rate I at which the charges are detected against the
square root of the accelerating voltage V for the experiment. The rate of charges
detected fluctuates between a series of maximum and minimum values of I as V is
increased.
Fig 6.3
1. Describe and explain how the de Broglie wavelength of the electrons emerging from
the electron gun changes as the accelerating voltage is increased.
[2]
2. Hence, explain why the graph in Fig. 6.3 shows maximum values of I being detected
at only certain accelerating voltages.
[3]
[Total: 10]

17
BLANK PAGE

18
7 Potassium-42 is a radioactive isotope of potassium that is artificially produced in the laboratories for
use in medical research studies involving potassium metabolism.
42 42
The nuclide Potassium-42 ( 19 K ) undergoes radioactive decay to become Calcium-42 ( 20 Ca ), a
stable nuclide. A radioactive sample contains N0 atoms of Potassium-42 at time t = 0. Fig. 7.1 shows
the variation with time t of the number N of atoms of Potassium-42.
Fig. 7.1
(a) Define half-life of a radioactive sample.
[1]
(b) Explain what is meant by the activity of a radioactive sample.
[1]

19
(c) (i) Use Fig. 7.1 to determine the probability per unit time that Potassium-42 decays.
probability per unit time = s-1 [3]
(ii) Determine, in terms of N0, the activity of Potassium-42 at t = 27.5 hours.
activity = N0 Bq [2]
(d) Fig. 7.2 shows the variation of the logarithm of the activity A with time t for the decay of
Potassium-42.
lg A
t
tadd
Fig. 7.2
(i) If more Potassium-42 is added to the sample at time tadd, sketch on Fig. 7.2 the new
variation of the logarithm of A with time t. Label this graph P.
(ii) If instead of more Potassium-42, another nuclide of a very much shorter half-life
were added, sketch also on Fig. 7.2 the new variation of the logarithm of A with time
t. Label this graph Q. [2]
[Total: 9]

20
8 Read the passage below and answer the questions that follow.
In the world of competitive cycling, every detail can make a significant difference in a rider's
performance. Athletes compete with one another, trying to be a bit better by improving both their
bodies and their equipment. Factors such as strategy, equipment efficiency, and physical conditioning
all play crucial roles in determining the outcome of races.
Many different types of bicycles exist, with each possessing its own unique strengths. To gain an
edge over the competition, bicycle designers are constantly experimenting with different bicycle
designs and shapes.
Fig. 8.1 shows the propulsive power P required, for 5 different types of bicycles to travel on flat
ground at different speeds v.
Propulsive power P / W
-1
Speed v / m s
Fig. 8.1
More effort is required to ride fast against the wind or going uphill. A cyclist riding up a slope at a high
speed experiences two main forces opposing his motion – slope resistance Fslope and air resistance
Fair .
Slope resistance Fslope is related to the steepness of the road. Specifically, Fslope refers to the
component of the rider (and bicycle)’s weight that acts parallel to the slope. The steepness of a road
is commonly referred to as the slope, and is usually expressed as a percentage. Slope is calculated
as a fraction ("rise over run") in which rise is the vertical distance and run is the horizontal distance.
A notable example of a challenging slope is found in the Dirty Dozen bicycle race in Pittsburgh,
Pennsylvania. The Canton Avenue hill section of the race is notorious for being one of the steepest
in the world, boasting a distance of just 6.4 m, but with a slope of 37%!

21
Meanwhile, a rider moving at a greater speed experiences greater air resistance Fair. For a solo rider,
it is suggested that Fair is related to the speed v by the equation
1
Fair = CD Av 2
2
where  is the air density and the product CDA is the effective drag area.
For rider safety, the governing body, Union Cycliste Internationale, mandates the use of brakes on
bicycles in their events. Brakes can be placed on the front and/or rear wheels of the bicycle, and their
effectiveness is limited by the friction F between the wheel and the road.
Theory suggests that F is related to the normal contact force acting at that point N by the equation
F = N
where 𝜇 is the coefficient of friction.
Consequently, both the frictional force acting on the front and rear wheels have different braking
efficacy and serve different purposes in assisting the rider to brake effectively.
(a) For a competitive cyclist using an Ultimate HPV bicycle, travelling at constant speed of
25 m s-1 on flat ground,
(i) state the propulsive power required.
power = W [1]
(ii) Hence, determine the propulsive force provided by the rider.
propulsive force = N [2]
(iii) Calculate the effective drag area, CDA of the cyclist. You may assume that the air density
is 1.0 x 10-3 g cm-3.
effective drag area, CDA = m2 [3]

22
(b) The competitive cyclist in (a) takes part in the Dirty Dozen race using the Ultimate HPV bicycle.
The combined mass of the cyclist and his bike is 85 kg.
(i) Calculate the slope resistance Fslope that the cyclist experiences as he rides up the
Canton Avenue hill section.
Fslope = N [3]
(ii) The cyclist rides up the Canton Ave hill section at a constant speed.
Determine
1. the work done against gravity for this section of the race.
work done = J [2]
2. the new propulsive power required by this cyclist if he wishes to maintain a constant
speed of 25 m s-1 as he climbs the hill.
new propulsive power = W [3]

23
BLANK PAGE

24
(c) Fig. 8.3 shows some of the forces acting on the system of cyclist and bicycle as it brakes.
The combined weight of the cyclist and his bicycle is W. N1 and N2 are the normal contact
forces acting on the front and rear wheels, respectively. Consequently, the frictional forces
acting on the front and rear wheels are µN1 and µN2, respectively.
The centre of mass of the system is located 114 cm above the ground. The rear wheel of the
bicycle is located at a horizontal distance of 43 cm from the centre of mass, and the horizontal
distance between the centres of both wheels is 107 cm.
centre of mass
bicycle
braking
W
114 cm
N1 N2
µN1 µN2
43 cm
107 cm
Fig. 8.3
The coefficient of friction µ between the ground and the wheels of the bicycle is 0.37.
(i) Using Newton’ second law of motion, determine the magnitude of the cyclist’s
deceleration.
deceleration = m s-2 [3]

25
(ii) Taking moments about the centre of mass, show that
N1 = 0.80 W.
[2]
(iii) Determine the ratio of the deceleration contributed by the front wheel to that contributed
by the back wheel.
ratio = [1]
(iv) When a cyclist brakes too quickly, his centre of mass will tend to move forward due to
inertia.
By considering the torques due to individual forces about the centre of mass, explain why
a cyclist will tend to flip forward.
[2]
[Total: 22]
END OF PAPER
Copyright Acknowledgements: Bicycling Science, third edition (David Gordon Wilson, 2004)

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HWA CHONG INSTITUTION

JC2 Preliminary Examination

READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS FIRST

The use of an approved scientific calculator is expected, where appropriate.

For Examiner’s Use

This paper consists of 25 printed pages, including 3 BLANK pages.

speed of light in free space, uniformly accelerated motion 1 2

permittivity of free space, hydrostatic pressure p = gh

rest mass of proton,

decay constant ln2

© Hwa Chong Institution 2024 9749 / 02 / Preliminary Examination 2024

© Hwa Chong Institution 2024 9749 / 02 / Preliminary Examination 2024

(b) Consider the photon and electron as a system.

momentum in x-direction = kg m s-1 [1]

momentum in y-direction = kg m s-1 [1]

© Hwa Chong Institution 2024 9749 / 02 / Preliminary Examination 2024

momentum pe of the electron = kg m s-1 [3]

© Hwa Chong Institution 2024 9749 / 02 / Preliminary Examination 2024

distance between two masses

(i) Show that the resultant force on mass A is 2.55 × 1021 N.

© Hwa Chong Institution 2024 9749 / 02 / Preliminary Examination 2024

gravitational potential energy = J [2]

© Hwa Chong Institution 2024 9749 / 02 / Preliminary Examination 2024

The emergent beam after passing through filter A has an intensity of I.

(i) Polarising filter B is rotated from θ = 0° to θ = 180°.

© Hwa Chong Institution 2024 9749 / 02 / Preliminary Examination 2024

© Hwa Chong Institution 2024 9749 / 02 / Preliminary Examination 2024

The magnetic field is directed into the plane of the paper.

© Hwa Chong Institution 2024 9749 / 02 / Preliminary Examination 2024

2. Determine the magnitude of the electric field strength.

magnitude of electric field strength = N C-1 [3]

© Hwa Chong Institution 2024 9749 / 02 / Preliminary Examination 2024

5 Fig. 5.1 shows an a.c. power supply connected to three resistors.

(a) Determine, for the power supply,

(i) the period T of the a.c. voltage,

(ii) the root-mean-square (r.m.s.) voltage Vrms,

(iii) the peak current I0 from the power supply,

© Hwa Chong Institution 2024 9749 / 02 / Preliminary Examination 2024

© Hwa Chong Institution 2024 9749 / 02 / Preliminary Examination 2024

speed = m s-1 [2]

(ii) Deduce the corresponding de Broglie wavelength of the electron.

de Broglie wavelength = m [2]

© Hwa Chong Institution 2024 9749 / 02 / Preliminary Examination 2024

Fig. 6.2 (not to scale)

path difference = [1]

© Hwa Chong Institution 2024 9749 / 02 / Preliminary Examination 2024

© Hwa Chong Institution 2024 9749 / 02 / Preliminary Examination 2024

© Hwa Chong Institution 2024 9749 / 02 / Preliminary Examination 2024

(a) Define half-life of a radioactive sample.

(b) Explain what is meant by the activity of a radioactive sample.

© Hwa Chong Institution 2024 9749 / 02 / Preliminary Examination 2024

probability per unit time = s-1 [3]

(ii) Determine, in terms of N0, the activity of Potassium-42 at t = 27.5 hours.

© Hwa Chong Institution 2024 9749 / 02 / Preliminary Examination 2024

© Hwa Chong Institution 2024 9749 / 02 / Preliminary Examination 2024

(i) state the propulsive power required.

(ii) Hence, determine the propulsive force provided by the rider.

propulsive force = N [2]

effective drag area, CDA = m2 [3]

© Hwa Chong Institution 2024 9749 / 02 / Preliminary Examination 2024