Nacional - Summary of Report

Name: Alyza A.
Nacional Subject/Description: SSED 3 (Asian Studies)

Year & Block: BSEd Social Studies 2 School Year: First Semester - A.Y. 2024-2025
Topic. Civilizations in North Asia

Sub-topics:
● The Ottoman Turks
● Tamerlane and his achievements
● Russia
l. The Ottoman Turks

The Ottoman Turks, who originated from Central Asia, migrated to Anatolia in the
13th century and founded the Ottoman Empire around 1299 under Osman I. The empire
expanded through conquests in the Balkans and Middle East, and its reign was
facilitated by the decline of the Seljuq dynasty.
Achievements, Contributions, and Inventions:
● Architectural Marvels: Built iconic structures like the Hagia Sophia and the Blue
Mosque.
● Legal System: Developed the Kanun, a comprehensive legal code.
● Cultural Flourishing: Promoted arts, literature, and science, leading to a golden

age of culture.
● Surgical Instruments: Innovations in medical tools like forceps and scalpels.
● Mapmaking: Notable contributions by cartographers like Piri Reis.
Key periods in Ottoman history includes the following:
● Foundation and Expansion (1299-1453)
● Golden Age (1520-1566)
● Stagnation and Reform (17th-18th centuries)
● Decline and Fall (19th to 20th centuries)
The Ottoman Empire experienced military decline, territorial losses, economic and
administrative issues, and the rise of local powers. The Nizam-i-cedid (New Order)
aimed to modernize military and administrative structures, while the Tanzimat Era saw
decrees reorganizing the empire’s administration and legal system.
The empire’s decline and fall (19 th-20th centuries) were marked by its involvement
in World War 1, leading to its ultimate dissolution. The Treaty of Sevres (1920) and the
establishment of the Republic of Turkey in 1923 marked the end of the Ottoman Empire.
Ottoman culture was a blend of Turkish, Persian, and Islamic influences, known
for its architecture, calligraphy, music, and literature. Notable contributions include the
Hagia Sophia and the Blue Mosque, the Kanun, a comprehensive legal code, cultural
flourishing, surgical instruments, and mapmaking.
The Ottoman Empire was unique for its religious tolerance, administrative
efficiency, and military prowess, making it a multicultural society with a complex social
structure.
The strategic location of the Ottoman Empire at the crossroads of Europe and
Asia facilitated its expansion and trade, influencing its multicultural society.
ll. Tamerlane and his achievements

Tamerlane, also known as Timur, was a Turco-Mongol conqueror who founded
the Timurid Empire in the late 14th century. He was known for his military campaigns
across Asia and the Middle East, including the conquest of Persia, the capture of Delhi,
the defeat of the Golden Horde, and the Battle of Ankara. He also established the Timurid
dynasty in 1370, ruling from Samarkand. He implemented a centralized administrative
system and promoted trade, enhancing economic prosperity. Tamerlane was a patron of
the arts, literature, and sciences, and commissioned the construction of magnificent
structures like the Bibi-Khanym Mosque and the Gur-e Amir Mausoleum in Samarkand.
He also facilitated a cultural renaissance in Central Asia, promoting Persian and
Islamic culture.
lll. Russia
Russia, is the largest country in the world, is a federal semi-presidential republic
with a diverse cultural heritage influenced by Slavic, Byzantine, and Mongol traditions. Its
vast geography, from the steppes to the Siberian taiga, has played a crucial role in
shaping its socio-political and cultural landscapes. Major cities like Moscow and St.
Petersburg are cultural and political hubs, reflecting the country’s complex and
multifaceted identity.
Below are the civilization, states, and social movements in Russia:
● Kievan Rus: The first major East Slavic state, established in the 9th century.
● Mongol Empire: Controlled parts of Russia during the 13th and 14th centuries.
● Grand Duchy of Moscow: Emerged as a powerful state in the 15th century.
● Russian Empire: Formed in 1721, it became a major European power.

● Soviet Union: Established in 1922, it was a socialist state until its dissolution in
1991.
● Russian Federation: The current form of government since 1991
Factors That Made Them Unique:
● Kievan Rus: Known for its adoption of Orthodox Christianity and its cultural and
economic ties with Byzantium.
● Mongol Empire: Notable for its vast conquests and the establishment of the
Golden Horde in Russia.
● Grand Duchy of Moscow: Gained independence from the Mongols and expanded
its territory.
● Russian Empire: Famous for its autocratic rule, military might, and cultural
achievements.
● Soviet Union: Known for its communist ideology, industrialization, and significant
global influence.
● Russian Federation: Characterized by its transition to a market economy and its

complex political landscape
These civilizations, states, and social movements in Russia include Kievan Rus, the
Mongol Empire, the Grand Duchy of Moscow, the Russian Empire, the Soviet Union, and
the Russian Federation. These are unique due to their adoption of Orthodox
Christianity, conquests, and the establishment of the Golden Horde. The Russian
Empire is known for its autocratic rule, military might, and cultural achievements, while the
Soviet Union is known for its communist ideology, industrialization, and significant global
influence. The Russian Federation is characterized by its transition to a market economy
and complex political landscape.
Russia’s vast and varied geography has significantly influenced its socio-
political and cultural development, with harsh climates, expansive terrain, natural
resources, and geographical position at the crossroads of Europe and Asia
facilitating cultural exchanges and trade routes.
References:
Encyclopaedia Britannica. (n.d.). Ottoman Empire. In Britannica.com. Retrieved October

1, 2024, from https://www.britannica.com/place/Ottoman-Empire
Discovery UK. (n.d.). Sultan Suleiman the Magnificent: The Ottoman Empire’s Greatest
Ruler. In Discovery UK. Retrieved October 1, 2024, from
https://www.discoveryuk.com/monarchs-and-rulers/sultan-suleiman-the-magnificent-the-
ottoman-empire%E2%80%B2s-greatest-ruler/
History.com Editors. (n.d.). Ottoman Empire. In History.com. Retrieved October 1, 2024,

from https://www.history.com/topics/middle-east/ottoman-empireWorld History Edu.
(2022, April 8). Timur: History, military conquests & accomplishments. Retrieved October
1, 2024, from https://worldhistoryedu.com/timur-history-military-conquests-
accomplishments/
National Geographic Kids. (n.d.). Russia. In National Geographic Kids. Retrieved October
1, 2024, from https://kids.nationalgeographic.com/geography/countries/article/russia
Rumer, E., & Sokolsky, R. (2020, September 8). Etched in stone: Russian strategic
culture and the future of transatlantic security. Carnegie Endowment for International
Peace. Retrieved October 1, 2024, from
https://carnegieendowment.org/research/2020/09/etched-in-stone-russian-strategic-
culture-and-the-future-of-transatlantic-security?lang=e

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Name: Alyza A.

Nacional Subject/Description: SSED 3 (Asian Studies)

Topic. Civilizations in North Asia

● The Ottoman Turks

● Tamerlane and his achievements

l. The Ottoman Turks

Achievements, Contributions, and Inventions:

● Legal System: Developed the Kanun, a comprehensive legal code.

● Cultural Flourishing: Promoted arts, literature, and science, leading to a golden

● Surgical Instruments: Innovations in medical tools like forceps and scalpels.

● Mapmaking: Notable contributions by cartographers like Piri Reis.

Key periods in Ottoman history includes the following:

● Foundation and Expansion (1299-1453)

● Golden Age (1520-1566)

● Stagnation and Reform (17th-18th centuries)

● Decline and Fall (19th to 20th centuries)

ll. Tamerlane and his achievements

● Grand Duchy of Moscow: Emerged as a powerful state in the 15th century.

● Russian Empire: Formed in 1721, it became a major European power.

● Russian Federation: The current form of government since 1991

Factors That Made Them Unique:

● Russian Federation: Characterized by its transition to a market economy and its

Encyclopaedia Britannica. (n.d.). Ottoman Empire. In Britannica.com. Retrieved October

History.com Editors. (n.d.). Ottoman Empire. In History.com. Retrieved October 1, 2024,

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