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    NAME _____________________________________________ DATE ____________________________ PERIOD _____________

    7-3 Study Guide and Intervention


    Hyperbolas
    Analyze and Graph Hyperbolas A hyperbola is the locus of all points in a plane such that the difference of their
    distances from two foci is constant. The standard form of the equation of a hyperbola is
    (𝑥 − ℎ)2 (𝑦 − 𝑘)2
    𝑎2
    – 𝑏2
    = 1 when the transverse axis is horizontal, and
    (𝑦 − 𝑘)2 (𝑥 − ℎ)2
    𝑎2
    – 𝑏2
    = 1 when the transverse axis is vertical. In both cases, 𝑎2 + 𝑏2 = 𝑐 2 .

    𝒚𝟐 𝒙𝟐
    Example: Graph the hyperbola given by the equation 𝟏𝟔 – 𝟒
    = 1.
    The equation is in standard form. Both h and k are 0, so the center is at the origin. Because the x-term is subtracted, the
    transverse axis is vertical. Use the values of a, b, and c to determine the vertices and foci of the hyperbola.
    Because 𝑎2 = 16 and 𝑏2 = 4, a = 4 and b = 2. Use the values of a and b to find the value of c.
    𝑐 2 = 𝑎2 + 𝑏2 Equation relating a, b, and c
    2 2 2
    𝑐 =4 +2 a = 4 and b = 2

    c = √20 or about 4.47 Simplify.

    Determine the characteristics of the hyperbola.


    center: ( 0, 0) (h, k) foci: ( 0, √20) , (0, – √20) (h, k ± c)
    𝑎
    vertices: ( 0, 4) , (0, –4) (h, k ± a) asymptotes: y = 2x, y = –2x y – k = ± 𝑏 (x – h)

    Make a table of values to sketch the hyperbola.


    x y
    –2 – 5.65, 5.65
    –1 – 4.5, 4.5
    0 – 4, 4
    1 – 4.5, 4.5
    2 – 5.65, 5.65

    Exercises
    Graph the hyperbola given by each equation.
    𝑥2 𝑦2 (𝑦 − 3)2 (𝑥 + 2)2 (𝑥 − 1)2 (𝑦 + 2)2
    1. 25 – 36 = 1 2. 25
    – 9
    =1 3. 16
    – 36
    =1

    Chapter 7 16 Glencoe Precalculus


    NAME _____________________________________________ DATE ____________________________ PERIOD _____________

    7-3 Study Guide and Intervention (continued)


    Hyperbolas
    Identify Conic Sections You can determine the type of conic when the equation for the conic is in general form,
    A𝑥 2 + Bxy + C𝑦 2 + Dx + Ey + F = 0. The discriminant, or 𝐵2 – 4AC, can be used to identify a conic when the equation
    is in general form.

    Discriminant Conic Section


    less than 0; B = 0 and A = C circle
    less than 0; B ≠ 0 or A ≠ C ellipse
    equal to 0 parabola
    greater than 0 hyperbola

    Example: Use the discriminant to identify each conic section.


    a. 2𝑥 2 + 6𝒚𝟐 – 8x + 12y – 2 = 0
    A is 2, B is 0, and C is 6. Find the discriminant.
    𝐵2 – 4AC = 02 – 4(2)(6) or –48
    The discriminant is less than 0, so the conic must be either a
    circle or an ellipse. Because A ≠ C, the conic is an ellipse.

    b. 5𝑥 2 + 8xy – 2𝒚𝟐 + 4x – 3y + 10 = 0
    A is 5, B is 8, and C is –2. Find the discriminant.
    𝐵2 – 4AC = 82 – 4(5)(–2) or 104.
    The discriminant is greater than 0, so the conic is a hyperbola.

    c. 12𝑥 2 + 12xy + 3𝒚𝟐 – 7x + 2y – 6 = 0


    A is 12, B is 12, and C is 3. Find the discriminant.
    𝐵2 – 4AC = 122 – 4(12)(3) or 0
    The discriminant is 0, so the conic is a parabola.

    Exercises
    Use the discriminant to identify each conic section.
    1. 4𝑥 2 + 4𝑦 2 – 2x – 9y + 1 = 0 2. 10𝑥 2 + 6𝑦 2 – x + 8y + 1 = 0

    3. –2𝑥 2 + 6xy + 𝑦 2 – 4x – 5y + 2 = 0 4. 𝑥 2 + 6xy + 𝑦 2 – 2x + 1 = 0

    5. 5𝑥 2 + 2xy + 4𝑦 2 + x + 2y + 17 = 0 6. 𝑥 2 + 2xy + 𝑦 2 + x + 10 = 0

    7. 25𝑥 2 + 100x − 54y = −200 8. 16𝑥 2 + 100x − 54𝑦 2 = −100

    Chapter 7 17 Glencoe Precalculus

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