RCLM Prelim o According to this view, leisure is a non-

Leisure work activity in which people engage

• In simple terms, means the free time that can be during their free time
spent as you see fit and the activities that are o This leisure activity may serve specific
involved in such time but also time. It is said to functions such as relaxation,
be the time that is not necessarily planned but entertainment, or personal
also necessarily wasted, which is believed to be development
the chance for the body to rejuvenate itself. D. Leisure as unobligated time
• Is free time available to the individual when the o Here leisure is viewed as unobligated or
disciplines of work, sleep, and other basic needs discretionary time.
have been met. It is time that can be used in o This is the most frequently used
ways determined by the individual’s discretion. definition in the sociological literature
Basic needs include essential cooking, shopping, and is often referred to as the residual
housework, childcare, and hygiene. Work definition
includes travel time to and from work (Baud- Recreation
Bovy and Lawson, 2002). • The term recreation appears to have been used
• a time during which somebody has no in English first in the late 14th century, first in the
obligations or work responsibilities, and sense of “refreshment or curing of a sick
therefore is free to engage in enjoyable person.” It is derived from the Latin word “re”
activities. which means again and “creare” which is
Richard Kraus (1978) translated as create (Online Etymology
• a pioneer in the field of leisure and recreation, Dictionary).
outlines four views of leisure. These are the • It is a break from the monotony and a diversion
following: from the daily routine.
A. Classical view of leisure • Covers broadly any pursuit taken up during
o Regarded leisure as “a state of being” in leisure time other than those to which people
which activity is performed for its own have a high commitment (overtime, second job,
sake home study, and various maintenance jobs
o The most critical aspect of this view is around the house) (BaudBovy and Lawson, 2002)
considered to be the “state of mind” and • Recreation differs from leisure in the sense that
this state is brought about through the is purposeful activity that includes the
activities engaged in for their own sake. experience of leisure in activity contexts hence,
B. Leisure as a symbol of social class recreation is an activity of leisure. The need to do
o This view of leisure is traced back to something for recreation is an essential element
Thorstein Veblen’s Theory of the Leisure of human biology or psychology. Recreational
Class (1899) which both described the activities are often done for enjoyment,
conditions that brought about this view amusement, or pleasure and are considered to
as well as helped to establish this be fun.
particular meaning of the term. Relationship Between Leisure, Recreation, And Tourism
o Leisure here becomes the prerogative of • Hall and Page (2007) conclude that tourism and
an elite class that uses it to establish and recreation should be viewed as a part of the
maintain its position through such wider concept of leisure. Broken lines are used
means of conspicuous consumption. to illustrate that the boundaries between
o This is a negative view of leisure and has concepts are “soft”. Work is differentiated from
in combination with the teachings of the leisure with there being two main realms of
Protestant ethic, contributed to the overlap: first, business travel, which is seen as a
negative image that leisure has work-oriented form of tourism to differentiate it
achieved. from leisure-based travel; second, serious
C. Leisure as a form of activity leisure, which refers to the breakdown between
 leisure and work pursuits and the development o The use of computers and technology,
of leisure career paths concerning their hobbies the growth of the Internet, and the
and interests. As seen and described previously availability of instant voice and data
tourism, recreation and leisure are overlapping communications have become an
concepts and there are difficulties defining the integral part of travel and tourism, with
terms. But there are certain criteria for all of airlines, cruise ships, resorts, and major
them. Leisure includes discretionary time, parks maintaining web pages that
recreation is an activity in leisure time and provide information and expand
tourism is temporary visiting. reservation and vacation choices.
• Leisure includes discretionary time, recreation o Home-based recreation has become
is an activity on leisure time and tourism is dependent on varied forms of electronic
temporary visiting. entertainment, with television,
Factors Promoting The Growth Of Recreation And interactive video games, CD – ROMS,
Leisure and similar devices. With retreat into
• Increase Discretionary Time virtual reality cyber world environment
o The growth of individual discretionary taking place the face-to-face social
time has long been considered a major contact with other humans.
influence on the growth of leisure and o Computer dating provides a new form of
recreation. social contact for single adults
o More holidays and longer vacations are o Video games offer interactive
now enjoyed by more employees. competition of exposure to a new
o Among millennials, workplace variety of play settings and virtual
productivity improvements are realities
continuing the slow reduction in the o Many consumers now use social
length of the average full-time networks as a primary means of
workweek. Furthermore, the transition communicating with friends and the
to the (generally time-poor) family life community. Experiences that are
stage is being delayed as consumers desirable to others, such as adventure
work through an abundance of choices, travel or festival attendance, or are
enjoy the relaxing of past constraints considered socially “worthy” (e.g.,
(including increased female participation in causes or fitness) have
independence, greater life expectancy, become valuable social currency.
and improvements in fertility medicine), Millennials now prioritize
and struggle with housing affordability. “Instagrammability” in their holiday
Although property markets haven’t destination choices
allowed the younger generation to form • Public Interest In Health And Fitness
wealth equivalent to their parents, they o The growth of public interest in exercise
have ample disposable income — within and physical fitness programs is the key
10%- 15% of Gen X in many Western trend in the 20th century
markets — to spend on their leisure o Numerous people now are anxious
time. about improving their health, vitality,
• Influences of Technology and appearance through diets and
o High technology provided new forms of exercise
recreation for people. Outdoor o Participation in such activities as
recreation uses expensive devices in walking, aerobics, swimming, running
activities such as skydiving, hand gliding, and some vigorous recreation activity
scuba diving, boating, and skiing among has physiological and psychological
others. value to look and feel better.
 o Parks provide an excellent location for preferences are usually influenced by people around
individuals to improve personal fitness them or other external causes.
o Giant multinational firms such as Disney, • Physical Motivators - Are those that are tied to
Time Warner, and Viacom have taken ones well -being, individual physical health is
over the control of huge corporations improved by emerging in active recreational
that run music, television, and movie hobbies such as sports and games, exercise and
businesses. These giant multinational fitness dances, or moderate kinds of exercise
firms also own sports stadiums, cruise such as gardening and strolling. The following are
ships, theme parks, and other leisure some physical motivators for leisure and
operations. recreation:
• Commodification of Leisure o It promotes physical health - Physical
o New facilities offering a varied form of activities and recreational activities
recreation are being developed as part provide a holistic approach to the health
of this trend. Huge public fitness centers of a person
that include swimming pools, aerobic o Body image - For the fitness enthusiast,
and dance rooms, and facilities for participating in active recreational
family play and a host of other activities activities such as sports and outdoor
are being built and often charge for adventures improves their body image
membership and confidence as well as physical
• Therapeutic Recreation Service strength
o An important aspect of the growth of o A means to avoid or manage diseases -
recreation has been increased According to the Department, the
awareness of the recreation needs of leading cause of morbidity in the
persons. In recent years there has been Philippines is heart and lung-related
increased recognition of the need to diseases such as pneumonia. Physical
provide recreational programs for activity and recreation have been shown
physically challenged individuals. to aid in the management of such
o These programs use therapeutic conditions and increase a person’s
recreation as a form of treatment overall well-being.
• New Leisure Roles for Women o Weight management - Obesity affects
o The presence of women taking part in more than one-third of adults in the
sports has only grown since then and the United States. According to White
gap between men and women in their (2016), simple recreational activities in
interest in the sport has narrowed the natural environment such as
considerably over the last 50 years woodlands, green parks, and beaches
(Iberdrola). can considerably reduce obesity among
o Education played an important role in adults.
encouraging women to participate in • Social Motivators - People have a natural desire
sports, whether it was school or college. to belong to a social group, whether it is with
The provision of sports facilities on an their friends, family, relatives, coworkers, or
equal scale for women as for men has classmates. People join social clubs, tour groups,
more recently also contributed to the sororities and fraternities, and gym classes for
increased number of women who this purpose, where they can meet others who
participate in sports (Anastasovski, share their interests and objectives. The
2019) following are some physical motivators for
Different Motivators For Leisure & Recreation leisure and recreation:
Individuals’ needs, goals, wants, or urges are referred to o Being with others reduces loneliness -
as motivation. Each person may have diverse reasons for Many people nowadays find their
pursuing leisure and recreational activities. Individual primary social connections and
 interpersonal relationship outside of threats, physical disease, employment
work hours, in voluntary group pressure, or harsh environmental
associations. Even in largely unrestricted conditions. Many people suffer from
situations such as outdoor recreation, pain, heart disease, sleep deprivation,
where people trek, camp, or explore the extreme weariness, and depression as a
wilderness in their way, interaction result of the increasing amount of stress
among the participants is an important in modern life. Visiting spas,
aspect of the experience. Participating in participating in company outings, and
recreational activities with others has traveling are some recreational activities
been shown to reduce feelings of that help manage stress.
loneliness. o Relaxation and escape - Taking a bike
o Social norms - Participants must learn to ride, going for a hike, or immersing
accept and contribute to their social oneself in a creative activity such as art
growth in various sorts of recreation or drama might help you escape from
groups and programs, which impose work, home, or the stresses of everyday
distinct sets of social norms, roles, and life. People can forget about their
connections. Introverts and extroverts worries when they relax. It allows them
have a different perspective on social temporarily forget about incoming
interaction. Introverts require less social deadlines, the necessity to find work, or
interaction than extroverts, hence these academic pressure.
two groups may pursue different leisure o Healthy balance of work and play - The
and recreation activities. importance of work and leisure in
o Social status - Going back in time, older people’s life has shifted considerably
societies based their leisure and since the Greeks and Romans believed
recreational activities on their social that leisure was the source of happiness
rank. Adult social groups, too, reflect on and something only those who did not
their social status, especially in modern have to work could enjoy - In comparison
times. Safari excursions and to the baby boomers (today’s top
membership in yacht clubs are only two management personnel) who are known
examples of how affluent individuals for working long hours and even on
spend their spare time. weekends to meet client demands,
• Psychological Motivators - Recreational millennial employers emphasize the
activities are frequently viewed as a source of need for a healthy work life balance. This
excitement and challenge, as well as means of distinction can have a significant impact
relaxation and getaway, stress relief, and on how these two groups spend their
balancing work and play. These psychological free time.
motivators help a person’s mental well-being. • Emotional Motivators - Positive self-esteem.
o Sense of adventure, excitement, and Self-concept, stress management skills, and
challenges - Today a lot of recreational emotional control and indicators of emotional
participation is driven by a desire for health. Emotionally healthy people can cope
thrills, and challenges, especially in with life’s stresses, have healthy relationships,
outdoor activities like skiing, mountain and lead productive lives. Leisure activities can
climbing, and hang gliding, as well as bring intense emotions of pleasure and
vigorous highly competitive team sports. fulfillment, as well as an outlet for releasing
o Stress management - Recreation’s utility certain emotional urges that, if suppressed can
in stress reduction is closely connected result in emotional pain or mental disease.
to value. Dr. Hans Selye described stress o Happiness and well-being - Happiness is
as the body’s general reaction to any a state of successful, satisfying, and
excessive demand placed on it, such as productive engagement with one’s life
 and the realization of one’s full physical requirements of a resort is to be located in a
cognitive, and social emotional place which is very pleasing to the eyes. The
potential. landscape or the surroundings, the
o Spiritual values and outcomes - A final “servicescape” where the facility is situated is
area in which recreation and leisure very important for this where the concept of the
make a vital contribution to the healthy resort services could also be derived from.
growth and well-being of human beings 3. Provides Lodging, Entertainment and Relaxing
within the spiritual realm. Humans can Environment. Services such as lodging and
exhibit their fullest and finest selves in entertainment, also poses a basic need in the
their leisure hours, according to Josef construction of a resort. Most guests want their
Pieper (1963). Leisure time can be used vacations fully-spent and would want to
to reflect on and evaluate ultimate maximize their experience specially, if it is a
values. Outdoor recreation is frequently destination resort.
associated with spiritual pursuits. People 4. For People on Vacation. These are the target
can escape to the outdoors and market of a resort: vacationers. Basically, there
experience a sense of freedom because are two reasons why people travel: business and
of its peace and serenity. leisure. A typical businessman will go to a
Resort and Recreation-Defined Commercial Hotel where the basic needs are
• The resort industry poses a great opportunity for readily available. They vie on fast and accurate
our graduates here and abroad. The services that service. Needless to say, they are on the go. On
this segment of the Hospitality and Tourism the other hand, resorts target leisure people;
Industry offers, not only encompasses a especially vacationers who tend to stray a little
miniscule segment but also has become a longer. They want their experience memorable
priority in the largest growing industry in the and that every detail of their stay is beyond
world. compare.
Resort - To further understand the intricacies of these Recreation - The resort complex and recreation can
vast complexes, let us first define what a resort is. A never be separated. In concept, this is the reason why
resort is a compound of building and facilities located in people go to these kinds of establishments. According to
a scenic area, providing lodging, entertainment, and a Torkildsen, the word ‘recreation’ stems from the Latin
relaxing environment for people on vacation. recreation, ‘restoration to health’. Hence traditionally
Compound Definition Of A Resort Can Be Divided Into the term has been thought of as a process that restores
Certain Areas: or recreates the individual. This is the main objective of
1. Compound of Building and Facilities. A resort is recreation. Recreation is viewed as a life-enhancing
a complex that is composed of different experience, which is the outcome of freely.
buildings and facilities. Most of the time, resorts Types of Resorts
have massive structures that could not be limited • Recreation Resorts - There are two subtypes of
only in the construction of a single building. recreation resorts: health-focused and sports
Resorts, nowadays, are oriented in a horizontal resorts. Health-focused resorts are a modern
manner in that more services could be located interpretation of those Roman spas in Bath. The
on a single floor basis. Other complexes are also main goal here is to improve health, Sport-
including a separate lodging facility to house focused resorts include access to a local golf
guests who opt to stay for a longer period of course, lessons with highly regarded instructors,
time. packages that cover cart fees, and
2. Located in a Scenic Area. The resort guest is of accommodation and meals. Examples are The
main consideration if we will be developing Farm at San Benito (health-focused resort) and
facilities inside the resort. A guest who goes to a The Orchard Golf and Country Club (sports-
resort wants to see something out of ordinary, focused resort)
everyday life that could make them “get away • All Inclusive Resorts - All-inclusive resorts pride
from it all”- the city life. This is why, one of the themselves on offering a huge selection of
 amenities. Most of these resorts operate under magic shows and circus acts. Meanwhile,
a fixed price model. Vacationers pay a lump amusement park resorts tend to cater to a
feeder day and can enjoy most of what the resort younger crowd. Instead of gambling, you may
has to offer. These resorts may cater to specific take your chances at country fair style games or
groups such as business conventions, Spring get your heart racing on a roller coaster.
Breakers, or wedding parties. Certain cruise Examples are Resorts World Manila and City of
ships are essentially mobile all-inclusive resorts. Dreams Manila
Examples are Club Paradise Palawan and The • Family-Focused Resorts - Some resorts work
Lind Boracay hard to cater to the children of the family. They
• Destination Resorts - A destination resort is built may have extensive kids’ menus that work
around a central feature that draws vacationers’ around the preferences of picky eaters,
interest. This might be a castle converted into a enrichment activities like nature tours, and
hotel or a beautiful natural area like Yellowstone. plenty of games and arts or crafts opportunities.
Some popular locations include: Beach resorts, If you’ve got younger children, the whole family
such as in Bali or the French Riviera - Island can build fun memories here. Examples are Club
resorts, which can cover the entire island if it’s Balai Isabel and Acuatico Beach Resort & Hotel
relatively small. Mountain resorts with excellent Philippines Tourism & Hotel Market Analysis
views, skiing in the winter, and hiking in the - The Philippines Tourism and Hotel Market size is
summer. Desert resorts nestled among painted estimated at USD 2.75 billion in 2024, and is
mesas and worn sandstone canyons. Examples expected to reach USD 3.37 billion by 2029,
are Amanpulo Resort and El Nido Resorts in growing at a CAGR of 4.15% during the forecast
Palawan period (2024-2029).The Philippine economy
• Ecotourism and Ecological Resorts Conservation depends heavily on the tourism industry. The
- is a big concern for many people nowadays. hotel industry is essential to the growth of the
Ecotourism resorts allow people to have a fun Philippine tourism sector. It saw a steady
vacation and feel like they’re leaving the world a increase in the demand for rooms from tourists
little better off than it was. Sometimes these from both local and foreign countries who come
resorts are set up with a green design like solar for leisure and business, post-pandemic
panels on the roofs and rainwater cisterns. recovery. A thorough infrastructural plan and a
Others take a more direct approach. Guests may strong marketing campaign contributed to the
experience a working vacation as they get hands- rise in visitor arrivals over the past few years.
on repairing trails in National Parks or building - The Philippines' hospitality and tourism
wells and structures for local communities. industries are experiencing a boom in domestic
Examples are Ticao Island Resort and Dedon and overseas travelers. The top four preferred
Island Resort destinations for domestic travel are Boracay,
• Historic Resorts - focus on a historic site or Baguio, Palawan, and Siargao, which are seeing
archaeological area. These can range from an influx of visitors. The demand for hotels will
converted Southern plantations to resorts near rise due to the travel industry's expansion.
ancient Aztec temples. Location isn't the only - The Philippines offers a wide variety of
thing that matters here. A historic resort isn’t experiences as an ecotourism destination. Based
just near these sites. It celebrates them, often on the type of visitors to the Philippines, the
through a theme, enrichment activities, day trips domestic tourism market will continue to be
to the site, etc. Examples are Las Casas Filipinas profitable. The country's international tourist
de Acuzar and Taal Vista Hotel industry benefited from transforming airport
• Casino and Amusement Park Resorts - These are terminals into global gateways, with many
built with a focus on the central attraction. visitors arriving by air. With the modernization of
Places like Monte Carload the Las Vegas strip the airports in Davao and Iloilo City, direct
offer casino focused resorts. Here you can take charter flights from Singapore are now possible.
poker lessons, play slot machines, and enjoy
Philippines Tourism & Hotel Market Trends business in particular, brand reputation is crucial
• Expanding Airways Network in Philippines due to rising brand consciousness, worries about
o Air travel benefits the economy as a food safety, and the comparatively high rate of
whole and consumers by enabling quick counterfeiting in the nation. The food and
connectivity between places. The beverage business is growing rapidly as a result
essential drivers of economic growth, of the rise in restaurants, fast-food franchises,
the flows of people, capital, goods, and and meal delivery applications like Grub Hub,
ideas, are made possible by these virtual Caviar, and others that increase customer
bridges in the sky. During the busiest access. In addition, one of the main factors
travel season, which runs from March to predicted to boost demand for the food and
April, there is an extraordinary demand beverage market is consumers' growing desire
from tourists and expats for travel for fresh, natural, and organic foods as a result of
between the United Arab Emirates and growing health consciousness.
popular places in the Philippines, such as Philippines Tourism & Hotel Industry Overview
Manila, Cebu, and Clark. - The Hospitality Industry in the Philippines is
o Travel agencies in the industry claim that moderately fragmented. The report covers
increased traffic from the United Arab major international players operating in the
Emirates resulted from the start of the tourism and hotel industry in the Philippines. In
super-peak tourist season during Holy terms of market share, few of the major players
Week/Easter. Additionally, carriers in currently dominate the market. However, with
the Philippines and the United Arab factors such as technological advancements and
Emirates are working hard to capitalize service innovation, infrastructure development
on the seasonal demand. by local government and other facilities is
o By collaborating with Philippine Airlines, attracting businesses and tourists. The major
Emirates will be able to increase its players dominating the market are Ascott
presence in East Asia and create new International, Baymont Inn & Suites, Best
channels for trade and tourism that will Western, Citadines, and Crown Regency Hotels &
bring in more visitors. In the upcoming Resorts.
months, they want to grow the Philippines Tourism & Hotel Industry Segmentation
partnership by adding more points via - Hospitality is a term used to describe a wide
Cebu and providing the partner airline's range of services in the service industry. Lodging,
customers with more travel options to food and beverage services, event management,
Emirates destinations in the Americas, theme parks, and transportation are all part of
Europe, and the Middle East. the hospitality industry, which encompasses
Increase In Sales In The Food And Beverages Sector hotels, restaurants, and bars. The hospitality
- In the Philippines, the food and beverage industry in the Philippines is segmented by type,
industry is a rapidly expanding sector that makes tourist, and booking channel. By type, the
a substantial economic contribution. It market is segmented into business tourism,
encompasses a variety of companies, ranging vacation tourism, eco-tourism, cultural tourism,
from tiny food carts to large international adventure tourism, event tourism, cruise
enterprises. Jobs in the industry range from tourism, and medical tourism. By tourists, the
those for cooks and waiters to those in market is segmented into domestic and
marketing and sales. One of the main drivers of international. By booking channel, the market is
the Philippine economy is the quickly expanding segmented into phone booking, in-person
food and beverage sector, which accounts for booking, and online booking. The report offers
roughly half of the country's manufacturing market size and forecasts for the Tourism and
sector. Food production in the Philippines is Hotel Industry in the Philippines in value (USD)
among the highest in Asia, with the food for all the above segments.
processing industry. For the food and beverage
Recent Developments
- In November 2023, the Department of Tourism
and the Tourism Promotions Board Philippines
launched the updated Travel Philippines app.
This improved digital platform marks the start of
the Philippine tourism industry's digital
transformation. The aim is to offer travelers a
more convenient way to explore the country.
- In October 2023, the Department of Tourism
introduced its inaugural Tourist Assistance Call
Center following the Philippines' achievement of
over 4 million international arrivals. The call
center is going to be available round-the- clock,
connecting tourists with live agents who can
offer information on various aspects. Some of
these include addressing tourism complaints,
responding to inquiries about the Philippine
tourist destination policies, providing details on
transportation options and accommodations,
among others.
- In July 2023, the Department of Tourism
launched the Philippines Hop-On-Hop-Off
(HOHO) service in the capital city, debuting
Manila's "Cultural Hub" tours. Secretary Frasco
was accompanied by officials from the City
Government of Manila, headed by Mayor Honey
Lacuna, along with representatives from the
tourism industry.