A54 Group2 Activity13

NO PART OF THIS MATERIAL MAY BE REPRODUCED OR TRANSMITTED IN ANY FORM OR BY ANY MEANS ---
ELECTRONICALLY OR MECHANICALLY
Group #: 2 Date of Activity: July 25, 2024

Professor: EnP, Dennis Dolojan Date of Submission: August 1 2024
LBBBIOA (General Botany Laboratory)
EXERCISE 13: FRUITS
Section A. Classification of Fruits
Classify at least 15 local or native fruits and fill the table below.
Specimen Nature of Type of fruit Placentation Edible part of

pericarp origin type fruit
Banana Fleshy Simple Axile Mesocarp
Kamias Fleshy Simple Axile Entire Fruit
Mango Stony Simple Axile Mesocarp

Endocarp
Papaya Fleshy Simple Parietal Mesocarp and
Endocarp
Pineapple Fleshy Multiple Axile Entire Fruit
Star Apple Fleshy Simple Axile Mesocarp
Ampalaya Fleshy Simple Parietal Mesocarp
Aspidapteris Fleshy Simple Unknown Entire Fruit

Elliptical
Eggplant Fleshy Simple Axile Mesocarp
Malunggay Dry Simple Axile Mesocarp
Okra Fleshy Simple Axile Entire fruit
Beans Dry Simple Marginal Seeds

Sitaw Dry Simple Marginal Seeds
Bell Pepper Fleshy Simple Axile Mesocarp
Chest nut Stony Simple Axile Seed
Lanzones Fleshy Simple Unknown Mesocarp and
Endocarp
Calamansi Fleshy Simple Axile Carpel/Pulp
DLSU/BIOLOGY/ BOTANY PLC/ LBBBION_rev_T3_2023-2024

Section B. Mechanisms of Seed Dispersal
Identify dispersal mechanisms of the fruits from the previous table.
Specimen Mode of Dispersal Agent of Dispersal

(same as above) (except man)
Banana Animal Monkeys
Kamias Animal Fruit Bats
Mango Animal Birds
(Parrots & Crows)
Papaya Animal Birds
(Parrots, Pigeon, &
Sparrow)
Pineapple Animal Insects
Star Apple Animal Birds
(Pigeons & Parrot)
Ampalaya Animal Birds
Aspidapteris Elliptical Wind Wind
Eggplant Animal Birds
(Sparrow, Crows & Parrot)
Malunggay Wind Wind
Okra Explosive Explosion
Beans Explosive Explosion
Sitaw Explosive Explosion
Bell Pepper Animal Birds
(Sparrow, Pigeon & Parrot)
Chestnut Animal Squirrels
Answer the following questions:
1. Can you predict the type of placentation a certain fruit will have if you can see
only the flower? Why or why not?
Predicting the kind of placentation of a fruit only by examining the bloom can be
difficult since the flower's outward structure frequently conceals the internal
arrangement of ovules within the ovary. While some floral characteristics, such as
the number of carpels or locules, might provide insights, they do not necessarily
correspond directly with placentation type. The intricacy of floral structures, as
well as changes across species, might obfuscate the ovary's exact internal
layout. Furthermore, placentation is governed by the interior growth of the fruit
after fertilization, making it impossible to identify only from the bloom itself.
Although flowers can provide some clues—for example, a flower with multiple
locules indicating axile placentation or ovules attached to the ovary walls
indicating parietal placentation—a precise determination usually requires a

detailed examination of the ovary's internal structure or the developing fruit.
2. Drupes are also called stone fruits. Can you explain why?
Many foods known as "nuts" are not botanically classified as true nuts. True nuts
are hard-shelled fruits that do not split open to release their seeds when fully
mature. However, many popular "nuts" are seeds or legumes. Peanuts, for
example, are legumes, just like beans and lentils. Cashews are seeds that grow
inside a shell attached to the cashew apple, a fruit. Almonds, like peaches and
cherries, are drupes, or seeds from the almond tree's fruit. Similarly, walnuts and
pistachios are both drupes, with the edible part being the seed inside the fruit.
Understanding the botanical classification of these "nuts" can shed light on their
growth and development processes.
3. Some commonly called "nuts" are not botanically nuts. Can you give some
examples?
Many foods known as "nuts" are not botanically classified as true nuts.
Hard-shelled fruits without a split that releases seeds are considered true nuts
when fully mature. However, many popular "nuts" are seeds or legumes.
Peanuts, for example, are legumes, just like beans and lentils. Cashews are
seeds that grow inside a shell attached to the cashew apple, a fruit. Almonds, like
peaches and cherries, are drupes, or seeds from the almond tree's fruit. Similarly,
walnuts and pistachios are both drupes, with the edible part being the seed
inside the fruit. Understanding the botanical classification of these "nuts" can
shed light on their growth and development processes.
4. Why are some fruits also called vegetables?

This is due to some components that vegetables or fruits may have. Any parts of
a plant that is used for food creation that are mostly herbaceous (may it be roots,
stems or flowers) are often deemed as vegetables. On the other hand any other
fleshy or ripened ovary of the flower of flowering plants that bear seeds are often
deemed as fruits. Additionally in the world of culinary vegetables are the products
that make a savory flavor compared to fruit products which have a sweet taste.
5. TRUE OR FALSE:
a. A peanut is a nut. – FALSE, peanuts are considered to be legumes.

b. All legumes readily split open at maturity. – TRUE
c. A true nut has a thick, stony pericarp. – TRUE
d. Animal-dispersed fruits are necessarily colorful and attractive. – FALSE,

the visual aesthetics are not the only characteristics that animals
rely on for them to eat some fruits. While most do rely on the visual
characteristics, some may rely on the smell or taste.
e. A strawberry is a berry. – FALSE, berries are considered to be simple
fruits, however, strawberries are complex fruits that are considered
to be aggregate fruits.
f. Walnuts, pili nuts and almonds are drupes. – TRUE
g. An apple is an accessory fruit. – TRUE
h. The edible part of a coconut is the seed. – TRUE, The endosperm is the
edible part of a coconut. The endosperm is a tissue found inside
seeds.
i. A grain and an achene are approximately the same in their make up. –
TRUE, however, while a grain can be similar to an achene, a grain
has a sturdy and thin pericarp that can’t be separated while an
achene can separate from the ovary.
j. Winged fruits are dispersed by animals. – FALSE, winged fruits are
wind-dispersed while fleshy fruits are the ones usually dispersed by
animals.
Table of Contributions: Indicate the work contribution of the group members below.
Member with no participation will be graded zero (0).
Name Contribution Remarks

1. Aleeana Agustin Section A & Guide Question 1 Complete, on time
2. Andee Co Section A& Guide Question 2 Complete, on time
3. Catherine Carrascal Section B & Guide Question 3 Complete, on time
4. Angeli Davocol Section B & Guide Question 5 Complete, on time
5. Mary Dizon Section A & Guide Question 5 Complete, on time
6. Agatha Romero Section B & Guide Question 4 Complete, on time
COPYRIGHT OF THIS MATERIAL BELONGS TO:
Biology Department
De La Salle University

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NO PART OF THIS MATERIAL MAY BE REPRODUCED OR TRANSMITTED IN ANY FORM OR BY ANY MEANS ---

Group #: 2 Date of Activity: July 25, 2024

LBBBIOA (General Botany Laboratory)

EXERCISE 13: FRUITS

Section A. Classification of Fruits

Specimen Nature of Type of fruit Placentation Edible part of

Mango Stony Simple Axile Mesocarp

Aspidapteris Fleshy Simple Unknown Entire Fruit

Beans Dry Simple Marginal Seeds

DLSU/BIOLOGY/ BOTANY PLC/ LBBBION_rev_T3_2023-2024

Identify dispersal mechanisms of the fruits from the previous table.

Specimen Mode of Dispersal Agent of Dispersal

Answer the following questions:

DLSU/BIOLOGY/ BOTANY PLC/ LBBBION_rev_T3_2023-2024

4. Why are some fruits also called vegetables?

a. A peanut is a nut. – FALSE, peanuts are considered to be legumes.

DLSU/BIOLOGY/ BOTANY PLC/ LBBBION_rev_T3_2023-2024

Name Contribution Remarks

DLSU/BIOLOGY/ BOTANY PLC/ LBBBION_rev_T3_2023-2024

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