Basic Occupational

Safety and Health

(BOSH)

ICCY ROSE S. AMORANTO

Safety Officer II
 Objectives
1 Impart basic knowledge and skills on the basic
concepts and principles of occupational safety and
health (OSH)

2 Identify existing & potential safety and health hazards

and describe their effects;

3 Relate the effects of occupational illnesses and

accidents to individuals and workplaces;
 Objectives

4 Determine the appropriate control measures for

specific hazards.

5 Explain the roles of safety officers in the overall

management of OSH programs
 Why the need for OSH?
• OSH Situationer
BOSH
• Roles of Safety Officers
Framework
Workplace Risk Assessment
• Hazards identification
• Evaluation of Risks and Hazards
• Control Measures
OSH Programs and
Responses
Accident Causation:
Risky Workplace and Risky Workers
• Accident Causality
• Accident Investigation OSH Inspection
• Conduct of OSH Inspection
What is Occupational Safety and
Health (OSH)

Occupational safety and health

(OSH) a broad scope involving three
major fields – Occupational Safety,
Occupational Health and Industrial
Hygiene.

OSH encompasses the social, mental and

physical well-being of workers, that is,
the “whole person .” (ILO-ITC)
 Global OSH Data: ILO Report

270 million work-related accidents

160 million occupational diseases
(causing more than 4 days absence)

Average of 5,000 people die everyday

due to work-related accidents every year

Source: International Labour Organization

 Local OSH Data: PSA Report

125,000 occupational diseases

(causing more absences of employees) was
reported in the Philippines in 2015

• Back pain (32.8%)

• Hypertension (11.5%)
• Neck & shoulder pain (11.4%)

(Clip 1)
Source: Faizza Tanggol, The Occupational Safety and Health Standards Act will protect
the health of workers in the Philippines, WHO International, web accessed March 03,
2021
 Why is OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY &
HEALTH important?
PROPERTY
DEATH DAMAGE

INJURY FINANCIAL
LOSS
Kentex Mfg Corp
Fire Tragedy
• 72 workers died
• 3rd worse fire incident in
the Philippines

Source: K. Del Castillo, Review of Integrative Business and

Economics Research, Vol. 6, no. 1, pp.182-187, January 2017
Photos: Rappler.com – web accessed March 2, 2021 (bottom)
Ozone Disco fire was started by an overloaded electrical system in the
disc jockey's booth. It swept through foam sound insulation, killing 162
of the 350 people, mostly teen-agers, present. The club had no usable
fire exit and was licensed to hold only 35 customers. (March 18, 1996)
Every worker has the right to a SAFE
and HEALTHY workplace!
 Local Scenario: Filipino Workers
41.5 million+ employed Filipinos
(January 2018)
both in the formal and informal sectors
57% services sector;

25% agriculture;
18% industry sector (mining, manufacturing,
construction etc.)
3.5 million government employees
Source: BWC- DOLE & PSA
Legal Bases
 Legal Bases

• CSC-DOH-DOLE JMC No. 001 s. 2020

• CSC MC No. 17 s.2009
• CSC-DOH JMC No. 001 s. 2010
• CSC MC No. 13 s. 2017
• CSC MC No. 11 s.2013
• CSC MC 33 s. 1997
 OSH Legislations differ…
RA RA
110581 & DO&
110581 198 s. CSC-DOH-DOLE JMC NO. 1 s.
2018 2020

- Applies to private - Covers NGAs, GOCC, SUCs

establishments/companies and LGUs
- Penalties are provided for
violations - Could be ground for
- SO has the authority to declare administrative case
work stoppage
- Prescribed no. of safety officer - SO is not authorized to declare
vis-à-vis the size of company work stoppage
 OSH Legislations both…
RA RA
110581 & DO&
110581 198 s. CSC-DOH-DOLE JMC NO. 1 s.
2018 2020

- Aims for safe and healthy workplace, free from death and
injury
- Safety Officers and OSH Committees are both established
- Employees of both private and public has required
participation in the implementation of OSH programs
What is YOUR
ROLE in OSH
program
implementation
in your
workplace?
Roles of SAFETY AND HEALTH
OFFICERS
(CSC-DOH-DOLE JMC MC No. 1 s. 2020)
1. Undergo training on Occupational Safety and Health
and related programs;
2. Acts as the focal person of the agency in the
implementation of programs to eliminate hazards in
the workplace and to correct and/or amend risky
and/or unsafe work practices;
3. Serves as Secretariat of OSH Committee
4. Report on the occurrence of accidents
5. Coordinate all safety and health training programs
Roles of SAFETY AND HEALTH COMMITTEE
(CSC-DOH-DOLE JMC MC No. 1 s. 2020)

1. Develop OSH policy and standards internal to the agency which

should be in accordance with the herein rule;
2. Plan and develop health related trainings/seminars for the
furtherance or promotion and accident prevention programs in
the workplace;
3. Initiate and implement improvement of working conditions
relative to a safe and healthy working environment;
4. Ensure the health promotion and accident prevention efforts of
the agency
Roles of SAFETY AND HEALTH
COMMITTEE
(CSC-DOH-JMC MC No. 1 s. 2020)
5. Conduct periodic safety meetings;
6. Submit reports on its meetings and other activities to the head
of agency
7. Review reports of inspection, accident investigations and
implementation of programs;
8. Provide support to the government inspection authorities
9. Initiate safety trainings on OSH
10. Develop and maintain contingency plans in handling disaster
situations
11. Submit Annual WFP and budget to support the OSH programs
Roles of Employee Organization
Representatives
(CSC-DOH-JMC MC No. 1 s. 2020)
1. Support the agency in carrying out the standards and report to
management any work hazards;
2. Assist and participate during safety and health inspection or
other OSH programs;
3. Gather occupational safety and health related concerns/issues
and elevate the same to the OSH Committee for discussion and
appropriate action.
4. Negotiate for better working conditions in their workplace as the
provisions stated herein
Roles of EMPLOYEES
(CSC-DOH-JMC MC No. 1 s. 2020)
1. Cooperate in carrying out the provisions of this JMC and report
to OSH Committee any work hazard observed
2. Follow instructions on work safety given and established by the
agency
3. Participate on OSH programs
4. Support government agencies in the conduct of health and
safety inspection
How do we evaluate HAZARD vs.
RISK?
HAZARD RISK
Source: https://campaignforaccuracyinpublichealthresearch.com/risk-vs-hazard/
Web accessed: March 2, 2021
• Hazard: Any SOURCE of potential damage,
harm, or adverse health effect on people.

• Risk: A combination of the PROBABILITY of

occurrence of a hazardous event and the
SEVERITY of injury or damage to the health
of people caused by this event.
 Exercise
Exercise 1:
1:
Identify
Identify the
the (7)
(7) HAZARDS
HAZARDS
 Hazards, from where?
Equipment: workplace lay-out, machines, hand tools, software and hardware,
tables or chairs
Product: dangerous substances, heavy loads
and sharp or warm objects Equipmen
t
Environment: light, noise, climate, vibrations, air
quality or dust
Organization: tasks, working hours, breaks,
Product Human Organization
shift systems, training, communication, team
work, contact with visitors, social support or
autonomy.
Human: lack of physical or mental capacity, lack of
Environmen
knowledge or skills, lack of right attitude or behavior t
Classification of Hazards
Physical
•Noise Chemical
•Vibration •Solid-mineral dust & fume
•Pressure •Liquid-vapor & mist
•Radiation •Gas
•Heat
•Illumination
Mechanical
•Exposed Moving Parts
Psychosocial •Defective Machine
•Work Pressure •etc
•Stress Hazards
Electrical
•Exposed Live Parts
•Open Wiring
Ergonomic •Overloading
•Force •etc
•Repetition
•Posture Biological
•Animals & insects
•Plants
•Virus, Fungi, Bacteria, Molds
 CATEGORIES OF HAZARDS
▪ Safety Hazards – something that has potential to cause
injury
• Poor housekeeping
• Fire
• Use of machine
• Material handling
• Electricity

▪ Health Hazards – Any agent or activity posing potential

hazard to health
• Chemical
• Physical
• Biological
• Ergonomics
 RISK
EVALUATION
(Risk)＝ (Probability) of event × (Severity) of harm

Probability

Hazard Hazardous situation Hazardous event Harm

Severity
 What happened if there
are missed identifications
of hazards and risk?

ACCIDENT
 ACCIDENT
An occurrence or event that is
unexpected/ unforeseen,
unplanned and unwanted.

Source: https://cnnphilippines.com
Web accessed: March 2, 2021
 Causes of Accidents
Layman’s version:

• ‘Oras na kasi niya, hayaan na siyang mamahinga!’

• ‘Ang malas naman niya!’
• ‘Tanga kasi niya!’
• ‘Kasama sa trabaho yan!’

These are not real causes - - - only

EXCUSES
 Immediate Cause of
Accidents

• Unsafe/Unhealthy ACTS

• Unsafe/Unhealthy CONDITIONS
UNSAFE ACTS
A human action that departs from a standard
or written job procedure or common
practice, safety rules, regulations, or
instructions.

A violation of a commonly-accepted safe

procedures and or processes.
What will you look for as
Safety Officers?
 Examples of UNSAFE ACTS:
• Operating equipment without authority
• Removing safety devices
• Using Defective equipment
• Improper/Non-use of PPE
• Horseplaying
• Working while under the influence of
alcohol/drugs
Factors Contributing to Unsafe Acts:

• Improper Attitude
• Physical Limitations
• Lack of Knowledge or Skills
UNSAFE CONDITIONS
The physical or chemical property of a
material, machine or the environment that
may result in injury to a person, damage or
destruction to property and other losses;
Could have been guarded or prevented.
What will you look for as
Safety Officers?
Examples of UNSAFE CONDITIONS:
• Inadequate guards/protection
• Defective tools, equipment
• Congested / blocked exits
• Inadequate warning systems
• Slippery floors
• Hazardous atmospheric condition
• Excessive noise
• Extreme temperature
• Inadequate illumination/ ventilation
Exercise 2
Unsafe

ACT
 Unsafe

CONDITION
Unsafe

ACT
 Unsafe
CONDITION
Unsafe
ACT
Clear Points
• 98% - PREVENTABLE
88% - unsafe/unhealthy ACTS

10% - unsafe/unhealthy CONDITIONS

• 2% - NON-PREVENTABLE
Clear Points
• Accidents and injuries result to losses of
lives, limbs, time and property.
• Most accidents at work could have been
prevented. Every workplace has different
hazards, risk, levels of exposure.
• Tailor fit your OSH response.
• Conduct workplace risk assessment
through hazards identification,
evaluation and control.
 Clear Points
• There is no one simple or single way to
determine the level of risk. Nor will a single
technique apply in all situations. The
organization has to determine which technique
will work best for each situation.
• Ranking or prioritizing hazards is one way to
help determine which risk is the most serious
and thus which to control first.
• Any violation of the OSH Standards and other
laws must be considered as immediately
dangerous or totally unacceptable.
 Engineering Controls Physically remove the
hazard
Elimination
Substitution Replace the hazard

Others
• Provide adequate ventilation
• Ventilation • Modification of the process or
• Modification procedure
• Isolation • Isolate people from the hazard
• Provide enclosure to the hazard
• Containment

Administrative • Necessary OSH Issuances

Controls • Work Scheduling
• Training and Education
• Emergency preparedness

Control of PPE
Hazards • Protect the worker with PPE
• Last line of Defense
What is Hazard?
A potential source, condition or action, or combination thereof, that can result in
harm, such as injury, illness, etc.

Hazard

※Even if there is a hazard (lion), no risk for an

injury would exist if a person is not present.
What is Risk?
Combination of the possibility of occurrence of dangerous event or exposure and
the severity of injury or illness that may be caused by such event or exposure.

※There is risk
Risky condition

Presence of a person

Hazard
Hazard
Hazard and Risks
Barrier
Presence of a person

Hazard
Hazard

※Although there is risk, it can be reduced by putting up a barrier.

 Exercise 3
HAZARD:
Painting inside the office
● Identify the RISK.
● Come up with complete control measures,
ELIMINATION,
SUBSTITUTION,ENGINEERING
CONTROLS, ADMINISTRATIVE
CONTROLS, PPE
 Accident Investigation
• A methodical effort to collect and
interpret the facts of accident.
• An inquiry as to how and why the
accident occurred in order to
explore actions that should be taken
to prevent or minimize recurrence
of the accident.
• Aid in the accident prevention and
elimination of a clearly identified
hazard.
Accident Investigation

Most accidents involve both

unsafe conditions and
unsafe acts. The purpose
of accident investigation
is prevention of future
accidents and not fixing
of blame.
 Who should investigate?

OSH Committee/
Grievance Committee
Disadvantages of supervisor conducting
an accident investigation:
• Possible whitewash or cover-up.
• Supervisor tend to be more
sympathetic to his/her subordinate.
• Lack of knowledge on technical
safety.
• Focus may not be on the accident
but on the operation.
• Has tendency to create conflict
between safety and productivity.
TYPICAL ACCIDENT RESPONSE, INVESTIGATION &
CONTROL PROCESS FLOW

RESPONSE CONDUCT ANALYZE

ACCIDENT INVESTIGATION RESULTS

RECOMMEND
FINAL OSH PREPARE
CONTROLS
REPORT COMMITTEE/ INITIAL
(ACTION PLANS)
MGT. REVIEW REPORT

IMPLEMENT MONITOR
CONTROLS CONTROLS

61
 Investigate immediately
because:
☹ Operations are disrupted
☹ Memories fade
☹ Employees are at risk
RESPONSE: SECURE SITE OF
THE ACCIDENT
• Control/eliminate the remaining
hazards (residual)
• Provide care for the injured.
• Isolate the scene
(barricade/tapes)

63
CONDUCT INVESTIGATION
• Collect facts and gather vital information.
• Collect physical evidence and store them.
• Take photographs to record the actual condition of the
accident site.
• Make sketches, drawings and diagrams.
• Identify witnesses (eye or ear witness) and interview the
witnesses.

64
ACCOUNT OF THE ACCIDENT
• Time and Date of the accident (within 24 hours after
occurrence)
• Nature and Place of the accident.
• Persons involved.
• Extent of injury, illness or damage.
• Equipment involved. Condition of equipment.
• Chemicals involved.
• Accurate description of the accident.
• Condition of work environment and natural environment (i.e.
weather conditions)
65
Other things to consider:
• Confidentiality of information
• Assistance provided by the HR Office for employee
compensation claims (ECC related concern: Maintain a EC
logbook)

66
 V. PROVISION OF REASONABLE
WORKING CONDITIONS
(CSC-DOH-DOLE JMC 2020-01)

1. Workplace
2. Emergency Preparedness
3. Occupational Safety and Health Programs
4. Support Facilities
5. Working hours, breaks and leave privileges
6. Work Environment

67
VII. INSTITUTIONAL ARRANGEMENT
(CSC-DOH-DOLE JMC 2020-01)

CIVIL SERVICE COMMISSION

- Oversee the implementation of this Guidelines.
- Formulate or enhance policy support of OSH for the
public sector.
- Integrate OSH subjects/topics in Learning &
Development Programs for government officials
and employees
- Investigate and decide on administrative cases
arising from non-compliance with this Rules
68
 VII. INSTITUTIONAL ARRANGEMENT
(CSC-DOH-DOLE JMC 2020-01)

DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH

- Establish to provide health services and health service

provides to government employees
- Establish surveillance and monitoring of occupational
health injuries, diseases and deaths
- Develop occupational health service and benefit
packages for public sector
69
 VII. INSTITUTIONAL ARRANGEMENT
(CSC-DOH-DOLE JMC 2020-01)

DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH

- Develop a tool kit as a guide for agencies in their program

implementation
- Provide guidance on the implementation on preventive
and promotive workplace health programs
- Provide technical assistance and human resource support
in the periodic inspection and special inspection and
investigation
70
 VII. INSTITUTIONAL ARRANGEMENT
(CSC-DOH-DOLE JMC 2020-01)

DEPARTMENT OF LABOR & EMPLOYMENT

- Provide relevant OSH Standards for the government

sector; Participate in during periodic/ special inspections
- Provide knowledge and information services on OSH
standards and programs
- Plan, develop and implement OSH training programs
- Formulate compensation guidelines for work-related
injuries and illnesses
71
http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-Tx-zYVd-
Ick/UGlhR__F3yI/AAAAAAAAEYQ/HVVaHmAIjfY/s1600/Ang+chismis.jpg (Clip 2 & 3)
 OSH
STANDARDS

http://www.oshc.dole.go
v.ph/images/OSH-
Standards-2019-
Edition.pdf

73
Thank you!
ICCY ROSE S. AMORANTO
Safety Officer
[email protected]
II
0999-100-4755