J1 B Stud

FIRST TERM E-LEARNING NOTE
SUBJECT: BUSINESS STUDIES CLASS: JSS1
SCHEME OF WORK
WEEK TOPIC
1 Introduction to Business Studies
2 The Office
3 Office Staff
4-5 Right Attitude to Work
6 Different Departments in an Organization
Occupation
7 Introduction to Commerce
8 Division of Commerce
9 Production
10-11 Revision
MISS JUMOKE/1ST TERM/BUSINESS STUDIES/JSS 1 Page 1

DATE: 9TH - 13TH SEPTEMBER 2024
CLASS: JSS1
WEEK: ONE
SUBJECT: BUSINESS STUDIES
SUB-TOPIC: INTRODUCTION TO BUSINESS STUDIES
DURATION: 40 MINS
REFERENCE MATERIALS:
INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIAL: TEXT BOOK
PREVIOUS KNOWLEDGE: REVISION
BEHAVIOURAL OBJECTIVES: AT THE END OF THE LESSON, STUDENTS SHOULD BE ABLE
TO:
CONTENT: MEANING OF BUSINESS STUDIES

Some decades ago, the means by which people earned their living was through trade by barter system.
Trade by barter is a means of exchanging good s for goods and services for services. In this system, someone
who needs one thing or the other has to look for someone who has what he wants and also needs what he has.
But on the invention of money, people in the society started thinking of what to do in order to earn a living.
This was the beginning of business in large volume because money started serving as a means of exchange.
Business can be defined as a legal means (i.e good means) of earning a living by people in a society. People in
the society earn their living on daily or monthly basis by engaging in one trade or the other. Therefore we can
define business studies as the study of the means through which people in a society earn their living by
engaging in commercial activities or occupational services.
Some people in the society today engage in trading that is, they buy goods from one place and another and sell
the goods at a price higher than the purchase price in order to make profit. The profit made by the trader is
his/her daily or monthly earning which he or she will use to satisfy his/her needs.
SCOPE OF BUSINESS STUDIES/ COMPONENT OF BUSINESS STUDIES

Business studies as a subject covers many areas of human endeavor. The study of business studies enables many
people in our society today to know much on the following subjects and how these subjects can be applied in
their practical lives. The subject covered by the studies of business are mainly:
Business Administration or business management
1. Economics 5. Shorthand
2. Bookkeeping/ accounting 6. Typewriting
3. Banking and finance 7. Computer
4. Office practice 8. Marketing
9. Insurance
CAREER OPPORTUNITIES IN BUSINESS STUDIES

It is possible with hard work and focus, to choose a career in any of the areas we discussed in the above
paragraph. A student can study business administration or economics or accountancy or become a banker. It is
also possible for a student to study marketing, insurance or transportation. The choice of career all depends on
the interest of the student.
IMPORTANCE OF BUSINESS STUDIES
Since man has advanced beyond a stage of trying to produce everything required by his family, no individual or
country can survive without engaging in one form of business or another. The study of business therefore
enables the students to understand various business activities that exist and the profit they make. Finally,
business studies enables students to develop keen interest in various forms of business which they can take up
after leaving school.
EVALUATION
1. Write a short note on the scope of business studies
2. What is a business study?
GENERAL EVALUATION / REVISIONAL QUESTIONS

1. Mention five occupations you know.
2. What is business?
3. Mention four subjects covered by business studies.
4. When can a business person be said to have made a profit?
5. Why is business important?
READING ASSIGNMENT
Business studies for JSS Revised Edition Book 1 (WABP) by Ehiametalor, Osu-Nwyfoetc Pages 1-3
WEEKEND ASSIGNMENT
Section A
1. The legal means by which people earn their living is called A. business B. services C. Goods D.
Trade
2. The exchange of goods for goods and services for services is called a. trade by barter b. trade by
exchange c. trade by engage d. trade by moving
3. The activities or services engaged in by people in the society in order to earn a living are called a.
commercial occupation b. commercial services c. commercial and art d. art and service
4. The means through which people in a society earn their living by engaging in commercial activities or
occupation is called a. social studies b. school studies c. business studies d. financial studies
5. The subject covered by business studies are the following except a. shorthand b. commerce c. book-
keeping d. biology
SECTION B
1. what is trade by barter?
2. mention five subjects covered by business studies

DATE: 16TH - 20TH SEPTEMBER 2024
CLASS: JSS1
WEEK: TWO
SUB-TOPIC: THE OFFICE
DURATION: 40 MINS
TO:
CONTENT
 Meaning
 Types
 Function
TYPES OF OFFICE
Basically there are two types of office and they are:
i. Big or large office
ii. Small office
BIG OR LARGE OFFICE: this is a large building partitioned into small offices.
SMALL OFFICE: This could just be a single room with a table, telephone and in some cases, fax machine and
a computer.
An office is usually at the centre of every organization, it serves as the life wire of the organization
EVALUATION
1. List and explain the types of office you know
2. Write a short note on an office
FUNCTION OF AN OFFICE
The functions of an office may be different from one office to another, but most functions performed by an
office are as follows;
1. RECEIVINGINFORMATION: An office receives information from within and outside the
organization by means of
i. Correspondence e.g letter, faxes, E-mail, e.t.c.
ii. Telephones calls
iii. Personal contacts
2. RECORDINGINFORMATION: A piece of information received by an office by means mentioned
above is recorded and filed away for use when the needs arises.
3. ARRANGINGINFORMATION: Information recorded is distributed to various sections and
departments that need it.
EVALUATION

1. a Define an office
b. Explain in one paragraph each:
i. Big office ii. Small office
READING ASSIGNMENT
Business studies for J.SS 2 Revised Edition by O.A Lawale.t.c
WEEKEND ASSIGNMENT
1. A place where clerical work is done is called a/an a. office b. department
c. firm d. organization
2. A single room with a table, telephone, fax machine, computer is called a. big office b. small office
c. large office d. complex office
3. A building that is partitioned into small office is called a. small office b. large office c. partitioned
office d. building
4. The means through which information is received in an office are as follows except a. letter b. fax
c. e-mail d. running
5. The following except _______ are the function of an office a. receiving information b. arranging
information c. recording information d. scattering information
THEORY QUESTION
1. Mention seven (7) functions of an office
2. Explain two functions of the above
REVISION / EVALUATION QUESTIONS

1. What is an office?
2. Describe clerical works with three examples
3. Mention the types of office that you know
4. State three means of receiving information in an office
5. Give an example each for the types of an office that you know.

DATE: 23RD - 27TH SEPTEMBER 2024
CLASS: JSS1
WEEK: THREE
SUB-TOPIC: OFFICE STAFF
DURATION: 40 MINS
TO:
CONTENT: OFFICE STAFF
Office staff or a clerical officer is an employee or a worker of an organization who performs clerical and
administrative duties in an office. A clerk who keeps records concerning the financial transactions of the
organization is called an account clerk.
CLERICAL WORK
Some of the clerical works or duties performed by a clerk in an office are:
1. Record keeping
2. Filling of letters and other documents.
3. Bookkeeping records
4. Machine operation
5. Calculation
6. Duplication or duplicating work
7. Collection and keeping records of information
8. Opening and keeping of files in the office
9. Distribution of letters that are received in the office
10. Answering telephone calls.
11. Filing of letters or any other document
12. Receiving of visitors
13. Stapling of documents together by using a stapler
14. Keeping sales records by the salesclerk.
15. Keeping financial records by the accounting clerk
16. He may be asked to make tea and get some snacks for his boss or other senior staff.
17. Preparation of payment voucher
18. Arranging document office and keeping them in the office cabinet.
19. Sorting out needed documents and files from
20. He may be sent on errand within and outside the organization when there is no messenger in the office.
Qualities of an office staff
The qualities of a clerical staff can be divided into two parts, they are:
1. Personal qualities
2. Job qualities
Personal qualities of clerical staff
1. The clerk must have a good secondary education of at least West Africa Senior Secondary School
Certificate.
2. He must have the ability to speak simple and correct English or grammar
3. He should be smart and neat in appearance
4. He must be polite, cheerful and tolerant
5. Must be ready to learn new things
6. He must be a good health i.e. physically fit or sound to do the job
Jobs qualities of clerical staff
1. The clerk must have an interest in his job
2. He must be hardworking
3. He should be punctual to work
4. He must have a pleasant manner even in an unpleasant situation.
5. He should have the right skills for his job and know the job very well.
6. He must ensure that his office is neat and tidy always.
7. He must not be absent from work without the permission of his boss or superior
8. He must not gossip about other staff in the office
READING ASSIGNMENT
Business studies for J.SS 2 Revised Edition by O.A Lawale.t.c

DATE: 30TH - 4TH OCTOBER 2024
CLASS: JSS1
WEEK: FOUR
SUB-TOPIC: RIGHT ATTITUDE TO WORK
DURATION: 40 MINS
TO:
Content: The Right Attitude To Work

Attitude involves feelings, values, beliefs and disposition that make individuals to act or behave in a certain
way. The right attitude to work is the ability to carry our working duties with the appropriate mind and
working towards the growth of the organization.
Attributes of the right attitude to work
1. Commitment
2. Punctuality
3. Consistency
4. Honesty
5. Hard work
6. Diligence
7. Devotion
Rewards of a right attitude to work
 It brings success
 It brings respect
 It brings happiness
 It enhances good relationship among workers
Negative attitude to work
 It is the opposite of right attitude to work.

 It is a means of showing wrong disposition to work.
Consequences of negative attitude to work

 Anxiety
 Stress
 Depression
 Low productivity
Meaning of punctuality and regularity
1. Punctuality is the quality of being prompt, precise or exact. It is the quality of doing things in an arranged
and correct time. It is direct of lateness. A person shows punctuality by arriving for a meeting on time arriving
a few minutes early is acceptable but you must be there at a particular fixed time.
2. Regularity is the fact that something is well arranged in an organized pattern Regularity is something that
occurs, or is done within a given time frame. A regular customer may come into a restaurant daily but not at a
fixed time more than every day
Attributes of regularity and punctuality
1. Interest: it is the feeling that you have when you want to know or learn about something.
2. Commitment: It is the willingness to work hard and give your energy and time to a job or activity.
3. Self-motivation: It is the ability to encourage oneself from the inside
4. Accountability: A regular and punctual worker can prove to be accountable when put in position of
authority.
5. Consistency: It is the quality of always behaving in the same way or having the same standard.
6. Promptness: It is acting without delay
Rewards for punctuality and Regularity
1. It leads to high performance
2. It leads to promotion
3. It makes a person a better team player
4. It makes a person to be devoted to his/her duties

CLASS: JSS1
WEEK: FIVE
SUB-TOPIC: DEPARTMENTS IN AN ORGANIZATION
DURATION: 40 MINS
TO:
CONTENT: INTRODCUTION
The size of an organization depends on various departments in an organization. In a one man business the
owner can act as an accountant, receptionist, clerk, manager, personnel manager, e.t.c in this type of
organization the departments are few. But in a large organization where division of labour is practiced people
with different fields of learning work in their special areas in an organization, we have what is called division of
labour and specialization.
TYPES OF DEPARTMENT
In a large organisation there are various departments. Such department includes:-
1. Administrative department
2. Personnel department
3. Accounts department
4. Sales department
5. Purchasing department
6. Production department
7. Their functions are as follows:-
1. ADMINISTARTIVE DEPARTMENT
a. Formulation of policies
b. Arranging reception room for visitors to the organization
c. Maintaining efficient filly system
d. Documenting incoming and outgoing letters
2. PERSONNEL DEPARTMENT
a. Employing new staff
b. Arranging staff training
c. Looking after staff welfare
d. Keeping staff record
e. Carrying out staff dismissal
EVALUATION
1. What are the functions of the administrative department?
2. Write a short note on personnel department.

3. ACCOUNTS DEPARTMENT
a. Preparing and paying staff wages and salary
b. Keeping records of assets and liabilities
c. Paying those who the organization is owing
d. Collecting money from outsiders who owe the organization
e. Making sure that invoices are sent to those who purchased goods from the organization
f. Offering financial advice to the organization
4. SALES DEPARTMENT
a. Selling and marketing the organization’s products.
b. Advertising the organization’s products
c. Offering after-sales services
d. Following consumers change in taste
5. PURCHASING DEPARTMENT
a. Buying new materials and equipment at reasonable prices
b. Monitoring the available goods in the market
c. Checking invoices submitted by suppliers to ensure they agree with goods supplied.
EVALUATION
1. Mention four functions of sales department
2. What is Personnel department?
READING ASSIGNMENT
Business studies for J.S.S1 by O. A Lawal page for 34
WEEKEND ASSIGNMENT
1. The department that is responsible for staff welfare is........a. personnel b. account
c. Sales
2. The department that is responsible for advertising the organization’s products is ..................(a)
purchasing (b)administrative (c)sales
3. The department which is in charge of staff dismissal is.................. (a) personnel
(b) production (c) purchasing
4. The department which is responsible for keeping records of organization assets and liabilities is (a)
accounts (b) sales (c) purchases
5. Department that formulates the organization polices is a. Productions b. Marketing
c. Administrative
THEORY
1. Mention four different departments in an organization
2. Mention three functions of the personnel department
REVISION/EVALUATION QUESTIONS
1. Give another name for a large organization.
2. Give two examples of a large organization that exist in Nigeria
3. List four different departments that can be found in such organization.
4. Mention three functions of personnel department
5. Why do you have different departments in most large organizations?

CLASS: JSS1
WEEK: SIX
SUB-TOPIC: INTRODUCTION TO COMMERCE
DURATION: 40 MINS
TO:
CONTENT: INTRODUCTION TO COMMERCE
Meaning of commerce
Commerce can be defined as human activities that deal with buying and selling of goods and services. It occurs
with supporting activities like transportation, warehousing, banking, insurance etc. All these supporting
activities are called aids to commerce.
Commercial activities
A commercial activity involves the production of goods and provision of services. For example, the
productions of milk, biscuit, a television set in their factories which are sold to wholesalers. The
wholesalers then sell the goods to retailers, the retailers then sell the goods to the final consumer.
Commercial activities then involve the acts of buying and selling of farm and manufactured products. It also
involves the activities of lawyers, accountants, teachers, musicians, hairdressers etc. The buying and selling of
goods and services are called trading. Trading is therefore divided into:
1. Home Trade: It is the trade carried out within a country; it is made up of the wholesaler and
retailer.
2. Foreign Trade: It is trade with other countries in the world. It is made up of import and export.
Importance of commerce
Importance of commerce include the following:
1. Commerce makes a person become an entrepreneur.

2. It helps a country to develop faster.
3. It develops the banking system
4. Commerce provides employment opportunities
5. It helps in the transporting of goods.
6. It creates a link between the manufacturers, buyers and sellers.

Activities which aids commerce
The activities include:
1. Banking: It deals with the finances of trading activities.
2. Insurance: It deals with the bearing of risks of investment.
3. Communication: It provides the link.
4. Transportation: It involves the movement of goods from one place to another.
5. Advertising: It involves the process of creating awareness about a new or existing product.

DATE: 28TH – 1ST NOVEMBER 2024
CLASS: JSS1
WEEK: EIGHT
SUB-TOPIC: DIVISION OF COMMERCE
DURATION: 40 MINS
TO:
CONTENT: DIVISION OF COMMERCE
Meaning of trade
Trade is the act of buying and selling and exchange of goods and services. It is a major part of commerce.
Division of trade
Trade is divided into two divisions. These are:
1. Home or domestic trade.
2. Foreign or international trade.
Home trade/domestic trade:
Home trade can be described as buying, selling and exchange of goods and services among people living in the
same country. E.g. A woman buying goods from Oyo state and travelled down Sokoto to sell the goods. In
home trade, the same currency is used and there are no trade barriers like custom duties, tariffs, import duties,
etc. Home trade can be subdivided into;
 wholesale trade
 Retail trade.
1. Wholesale trade: It involves the buying of goods in large quantity from the manufacturers and
selling in small quantities to the retailer. Traders who are involved in wholesale trade are called the
wholesalers. Wholesalers buy in large quantity, therefore they must have large capital and big
warehouse for their stocks.
2. Retail trade: A person who involves in retail trade is called a retailer. Retail trade is the buying of
many products in small quantities and selling them to the final consumers in units or bit by bit. A
retailer sells directly to the final consumer.
Foreign trade:

The foreign trade is also known as the International trade; It is the trade between the people of one
country and the people of another country. E.g trade between Nigeria and Japan. It involves the use of foreign
currencies to pay for goods and services bought from other countries. Foreign Trade can be subdivided into
import, export and entrepot.
Difference between home and foreign trade

DATE: 4TH - 8TH NOVEMBER 2024
CLASS: JSS1
WEEK: NINE
SUB-TOPIC: PRODUCTION
DURATION: 40 MINS
TO:
CONTENT:
What is production?
Production can be defined as the creation of utility or the creation of goods and services to satisfy human
wants. It can also be defined as the process of combining various materials inputs and immaterial inputs to
make something for consumption. It is the act of creating output, a goods and service that has value and
contribute to the utility of an individual.
Economic well-being is created in a production process, meaning all economic activities that aim directly or
indirectly to satisfy human want. The degree to which the needs are satisfied is often accepted as a measure of
economic well-being.
In production, they are two features which explain increasing economic well-being. They are improving
quality-price-ratio of commodities and increasing income from growing and more efficient market production.
One major thing about production is that it is not complete until it gets to the final consumer.
Stages and types of production

Production is classified into two types, which are:
1. Direct production
2. Indirect production
The direct production:
This is when an entity is capable of producing all of the materials necessary for their product production by
using their own skill sets without focusing on one product or requiring staff to perform different jobs. Direct
production also means the type of production in which an individual produces goods and services only for the
family use or consumption, the goods and services produced are not for sale but for the family consumption.

Indirect production:
The production of an item necessary for the manufacturing of major services and goods. Indirect
production is an economic term that refers to the process of producing something in an indirect manner. This
may be achieved through the use of another item for the production of the final good, or it may be achieved
through the production of something to be used as a means of obtaining another item. In either case, the item
that is produced is merely used as a means for the production or procurement of the final item. It is the type of
production of goods and services mainly for sale or exchange for other needs. An example of indirect
production can be seen in the production of an item expressly for producing other items.
Usually, the indirect product is a form of machinery or equipment that is used to produce other objects. For
example, a company that makes prefabricated houses might construct patented equipment that serves as a mould
for the construction of a portion of the exterior for the prefabricated homes. In this case, the machinery is
merely the means that is used for the production of the final product and is consequently a form of indirect
production.
Indirect production is subdivided into three major groups, which are:

 Primary production
 Secondary production
 Tertiary production
1. Primary production: Primary production refers to the extraction of raw materials provided by
nature. It is concerned with the process of obtaining raw materials in their natural form, from land,
water, and air. Examples of primary production are agriculture, mining, lumbering, and fishing.
2. Secondary Production: Secondary production involves the transformation or conversion of raw

materials into finished goods, the extractive materials from the primary production are converted
into goods the consumer will find consumables. Examples are clothes, processed food, cars,
beverages etc.
3. Tertiary Production: This is the provision of professional or commercial services to people; it is

how the foods produced at the primary and secondary level are distributed to the people for
consumption. Those involved in this aspect of production are the retailers, wholesalers, and those
involve in rendering professional services like lawyers, doctors etc.
Importance of production
The following are the importance of production:
 Increasing the quality and specification of the product.
 Providing superior levels of service in providing the product.
 Enhancing the image of the product through marketing.
 Availability of goods and services.
 Improvement in the standard of living
 Increase in the wealth of people.

 Provision of employment.
 It helps in the acquisition of skills.
 It helps in the development of a country.
 Provide an increase in export potential

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FIRST TERM E-LEARNING NOTE

SUBJECT: BUSINESS STUDIES CLASS: JSS1

4-5 Right Attitude to Work

6 Different Departments in an Organization

MISS JUMOKE/1ST TERM/BUSINESS STUDIES/JSS 1 Page 1

CONTENT: MEANING OF BUSINESS STUDIES

SCOPE OF BUSINESS STUDIES/ COMPONENT OF BUSINESS STUDIES

CAREER OPPORTUNITIES IN BUSINESS STUDIES

GENERAL EVALUATION / REVISIONAL QUESTIONS

MISS JUMOKE/1ST TERM/BUSINESS STUDIES/JSS 1 Page 3

MISS JUMOKE/1ST TERM/BUSINESS STUDIES/JSS 1 Page 4

REVISION / EVALUATION QUESTIONS

MISS JUMOKE/1ST TERM/BUSINESS STUDIES/JSS 1 Page 5

CONTENT: OFFICE STAFF

MISS JUMOKE/1ST TERM/BUSINESS STUDIES/JSS 1 Page 7

Content: The Right Attitude To Work

Negative attitude to work

 It is the opposite of right attitude to work.

MISS JUMOKE/1ST TERM/BUSINESS STUDIES/JSS 1 Page 8

MISS JUMOKE/1ST TERM/BUSINESS STUDIES/JSS 1 Page 9

MISS JUMOKE/1ST TERM/BUSINESS STUDIES/JSS 1 Page 10

MISS JUMOKE/1ST TERM/BUSINESS STUDIES/JSS 1 Page 11

CONTENT: INTRODUCTION TO COMMERCE

1. Commerce makes a person become an entrepreneur.

MISS JUMOKE/1ST TERM/BUSINESS STUDIES/JSS 1 Page 12

MISS JUMOKE/1ST TERM/BUSINESS STUDIES/JSS 1 Page 13

CONTENT: DIVISION OF COMMERCE

Home trade/domestic trade:

MISS JUMOKE/1ST TERM/BUSINESS STUDIES/JSS 1 Page 14

Difference between home and foreign trade

MISS JUMOKE/1ST TERM/BUSINESS STUDIES/JSS 1 Page 15

Stages and types of production

The direct production:

MISS JUMOKE/1ST TERM/BUSINESS STUDIES/JSS 1 Page 16

Indirect production is subdivided into three major groups, which are:

2. Secondary Production: Secondary production involves the transformation or conversion of raw

3. Tertiary Production: This is the provision of professional or commercial services to people; it is

MISS JUMOKE/1ST TERM/BUSINESS STUDIES/JSS 1 Page 17

MISS JUMOKE/1ST TERM/BUSINESS STUDIES/JSS 1 Page 18

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