Quiz: Historical Development of Science, Technology, and Society (STS)

Part 1: Multiple Choice Questions (Choose the correct answer)

1. What is the primary focus of Science, Technology, and Society (STS)?

A. The relationship between science and arts
B. The confluence of various disciplines showing how science and technology shape
society and vice versa
C. The role of engineering in technological advancements
D. Historical development of political systems
Answer: B
2. Who defined STS as "the teaching and learning of science in the context of human
experience"?
A. Lewis (1981)
B. Yager (1992)
C. Solomon (1983)
D. Rusttum Roy
Answer: B
3. Which country originated the concept of STS as 'Science in Society'?
A. Philippines
B. United States
C. United Kingdom
D. Canada
Answer: C
4. When did the United States start to recognize and initiate STS programs in
secondary schools?
A. 1970
B. 1981
C. 1990
D. 1987
Answer: B
5. In which year did the University of the Philippines launch its STS program?
A. 1981
B. 1992
C. 1987
D. 2000
Answer: C

Part 2: True or False

6. STS focuses solely on the technical aspects of science and technology,

disregarding social factors.
Answer: False
 7. Educators consider STS a central goal for science education.
Answer: True
8. Russtum Roy received an NSF grant to support STS projects in 1985.
Answer: True
9. STS was never recognized as a legitimate academic discipline in the United
States.
Answer: False
10. The National Association for Science Technology and Society (NASTS) is a
professional body that supports STS.
Answer: True

Historical Development of STS

1. Where did the concept of Science, Technology, and Society (STS) first originate?
A. United States
B. United Kingdom
C. Philippines
D. Japan
Answer: B​(Gen-Ed-008-STS_Lesson-1…)
2. Which of the following correctly describes STS?
A. The study of science and technology in isolation from society
B. A discipline examining the relationship between science, technology, and society
C. A field focused solely on technological advancements
D. The historical study of scientific breakthroughs only
Answer: B​(Gen-Ed-008-STS_Lesson-1…)
3. Who described STS as "the teaching and learning of science in the context of human
experience"?
A. Holbrook (1992)
B. Yager (1992)
C. Solomon (1983)
D. Lewis (1981)
Answer: B​(Gen-Ed-008-STS_Lesson-1…)
4. What year did the University of the Philippines (UP) launch its STS program?
A. 1981
B. 1992
C. 1987
D. 2000
Answer: C​(Gen-Ed-008-STS_Lesson-1…)
5. The National Association for Science, Technology, and Society (NASTS) was
established to promote the significance of STS in which country?
A. United States
B. United Kingdom
C. Canada
D. Philippines
Answer: A​(Gen-Ed-008-STS_Lesson-1…)
 6. What major grant was awarded by the National Science Foundation (NSF) in 1985 to
support STS projects?
A. The Solomon Initiative
B. The Yager Research Fund
C. The Rusttum Roy STS Project
D. The Lewis STS Initiative
Answer: C​(Gen-Ed-008-STS_Lesson-1…)
7. What was one of the primary goals of educators when introducing STS in schools?
A. To develop new technologies
B. To integrate scientific and social knowledge
C. To create a new branch of engineering
D. To minimize science education in schools
Answer: B​(Gen-Ed-008-STS_Lesson-1…)
8. Which country was slower to introduce STS programs at the secondary school level but
did so by 1981?
A. Philippines
B. United States
C. Japan
D. United Kingdom
Answer: B​(Gen-Ed-008-STS_Lesson-1…)

Lesson 2: Meaning of Science

9. Which of the following best defines science?

A. A systematized body of knowledge aimed at understanding the world
B. A personal belief system about nature
C. A casual investigation into natural phenomena
D. A random exploration of ideas
Answer: A​(Gen-Ed-008-STS_Lesson-2…)
10. Who defined science as "an intellectual activity through which men seek to understand
nature"?
A. Mani (1985)
B. Holbrook (1992)
C. Schwab (1962)
D. Gottlieb (2004)
Answer: B​(Gen-Ed-008-STS_Lesson-2…)
11. Science is described as having what type of social dimension?
A. It operates solely in laboratories without external influence
B. It is an enterprise conducted by a group of practitioners with specific qualities
C. It is only concerned with practical applications
D. It disregards societal needs and values
Answer: B​(Gen-Ed-008-STS_Lesson-2…)
 12. What is one key characteristic of scientific knowledge according to Schwab (1962)?
A. It is absolute and unchanging
B. It is tentative, contingent, and revisionary
C. It is always theoretical and abstract
D. It can never be proven false
Answer: B​(Gen-Ed-008-STS_Lesson-2…)
13. The term "scientia," from which the word "science" is derived, means what?
A. Knowledge
B. Discovery
C. Nature
D. Method
Answer: A​(Gen-Ed-008-STS_Lesson-2…)
14. What is the first step in the scientific method?
A. Formulating hypotheses
B. Conducting an experiment
C. Making observations
D. Stating conclusions
Answer: C​(Gen-Ed-008-STS_Lesson-2…)
15. Who is known as the 'father of the modern scientific method'?
A. Galileo Galilei
B. Isaac Newton
C. Alhazen (Ibn al-Haytham)
D. Albert Einstein
Answer: C​(Gen-Ed-008-STS_Lesson-2…)

Intellectual Revolutions that Defined Society

1. What was the primary shift during the Scientific Revolution in the 16th and 17th
centuries?
A. Shift from religious to political thought
B. Transformation of society's views about nature
C. Focus on cultural development
D. Evolution of modern technology
Answer: B​(2024-3-L-3-Intellectual…)
2. Which of the following is NOT one of the fields transformed during the Scientific
Revolution?
A. Physics
B. Astronomy
C. Sociology
D. Biology
Answer: C​(2024-3-L-3-Intellectual…)
3. Nicolaus Copernicus is known for which intellectual revolution?
A. Darwinian Revolution
B. Freudian Revolution
 C. Copernican Revolution
D. Einsteinian Revolution
Answer: C​(2024-3-L-3-Intellectual…)
4. What is the central idea of the Copernican Revolution?
A. Earth is the center of the universe
B. Sun is at the center of the solar system
C. Earth is flat
D. The moon controls the Earth's movements
Answer: B​(2024-3-L-3-Intellectual…)
5. Charles Darwin is famous for which revolutionary theory?
A. Heliocentrism
B. Theory of Relativity
C. Theory of Evolution
D. Quantum Mechanics
Answer: C​(2024-3-L-3-Intellectual…)
6. According to Charles Darwin’s theory of evolution, species change over time due
to what?
A. Natural disasters
B. Genetic manipulation
C. Descent with modification
D. Divine intervention
Answer: C​(2024-3-L-3-Intellectual…)
7. Why was Darwin's theory of evolution controversial at the time?
A. It opposed political beliefs
B. It contradicted religious teachings on creation
C. It lacked scientific evidence
D. It rejected modern technology
Answer: B​(2024-3-L-3-Intellectual…)
8. Sigmund Freud is known for contributing to which field of study?
A. Biology
B. Astronomy
C. Psychoanalysis
D. Physics
Answer: C​(2024-3-L-3-Intellectual…)
9. Freud's method of psychoanalysis involves the investigation of what?
A. The physical universe
B. The human mind and behavior
C. Societal systems
D. Technological advancements
Answer: B​(2024-3-L-3-Intellectual…)
10. Which of the following intellectual revolutions is associated with changing how
psychology is perceived, from art to science?
A. Copernican Revolution
B. Freudian Revolution
 C. Darwinian Revolution
D. Quantum Revolution
Answer: B​(2024-3-L-3-Intellectual…)
11. What common reaction did Copernicus, Darwin, and Freud face regarding their
revolutionary ideas?
A. Immediate acceptance and support
B. Hostility and resistance
C. Financial reward
D. Legal action
Answer: B​(2024-3-L-3-Intellectual…)
12. Which term refers to the belief that the Earth is at the center of the universe,
opposing heliocentrism?
A. Geocentrism
B. Anthropocentrism
C. Cosmocentrism
D. Chronocentrism
Answer: A​(2024-3-L-3-Intellectual…)
13. The development of scientific societies and scientific papers during the Scientific
Revolution aimed to achieve what?
A. Increase political influence
B. Spread religious ideas
C. Communicate and validate new discoveries
D. Preserve ancient knowledge
Answer: C​(2024-3-L-3-Intellectual…)
14. Which field was NOT directly influenced by the Scientific Revolution?
A. Mathematics
B. Physics
C. Psychology
D. Chemistry
Answer: C​(2024-3-L-3-Intellectual…)
15. The intellectual revolutions discussed in this lesson are mainly associated with
what aspect of human development?
A. Cultural evolution
B. Scientific ideas and societal transformation
C. Technological inventions
D. Artistic advancements
Answer: B​

LESSON 4

1. What is the primary definition of society according to the Merriam-Webster

Dictionary?
 ○ A) A group of people living together without any organization.
○ B) People living together in organized communities with shared laws, traditions,
and values.
○ C) An association of people with different laws and traditions.
○ D) People gathered together for temporary events.
Answer: B) People living together in organized communities with shared laws,
traditions, and values.
2. According to Yager (1992), society is best described as:
○ A) A formal association of people with similar interests.
○ B) A group of humans living together for self-maintenance and self-perpetuation.
○ C) An organization based solely on economic development.
○ D) A temporary assembly of individuals for shared benefits.
Answer: B) A group of humans living together for self-maintenance and
self-perpetuation.
3. What is one characteristic of society as highlighted in the lesson?
○ A) A group that meets occasionally for specific purposes.
○ B) A group sharing cultural aspects such as language, norms, and dress.
○ C) A group of unrelated individuals pursuing their own goals.
○ D) A temporary collection of individuals during an event.
Answer: B) A group sharing cultural aspects such as language, norms, and
dress.
4. Which of the following is an example of a social institution?
○ A) A group of friends meeting weekly.
○ B) A family unit.
○ C) A temporary market setup.
○ D) A new technology start-up company.
Answer: B) A family unit.
5. Which of the following is NOT a feature of social institutions?
○ A) They direct behavior in prescribed ways in important areas of social life.
○ B) They are interrelated sets of normative elements.
○ C) They emerge as a response to individual needs alone.
○ D) They provide solutions to society’s unfinished business.
Answer: C) They emerge as a response to individual needs alone.
6. Science as a social institution is defined by which of the following
characteristics?
○ A) It consists only of professional scientists.
○ B) It is solely a product of human thoughts and behavior patterns.
○ C) It was planned as a separate entity from other social institutions.
○ D) It emerged due to philosophical and technological advancements only.
Answer: B) It is solely a product of human thoughts and behavior patterns.
7. Which of the following best explains the role of science as a social institution?
○ A) It functions independently from society and its cultural norms.
○ B) It helps humanity understand and control their environment.
○ C) It was pre-planned to meet the needs of a technologically advanced society.
 ○ D) It only concerns itself with academic and philosophical discussions.
Answer: B) It helps humanity understand and control their environment.
8. Science Technology and Society (STS) is an interdisciplinary field that:
○ A) Focuses solely on the historical developments in technology.
○ B) Examines the role of science and technology in shaping society and vice
versa.
○ C) Only studies the positive impacts of technology on society.
○ D) Focuses exclusively on the natural sciences and disregards humanities.
Answer: B) Examines the role of science and technology in shaping society and
vice versa.
9. STS emerged as a result of:
○ A) Purely economic and political developments.
○ B) Questions about the dynamic interaction between science, technology, and
society.
○ C) Technological advancements in the industrial sector.
○ D) Growing isolation between humanities and natural sciences.
Answer: B) Questions about the dynamic interaction between science,
technology, and society.
10. Which of the following is a primary goal of STS?
● A) To limit the ethical concerns regarding science.
● B) To address existential and ethical dilemmas arising from science and technology.
● C) To promote technological development regardless of societal impact.
● D) To unify all scientific disciplines into a single body of knowledge.
Answer: B) To address existential and ethical dilemmas arising from science and
technology.
11. What is one of the key concerns of Science, Technology, and Society (STS)?
● A) The purely economic benefits of technological advancements.
● B) The ethical and societal implications of new technologies.
● C) The promotion of technological innovation without regard for consequences.
● D) The historical background of scientific theories.
Answer: B) The ethical and societal implications of new technologies.
12. Which of the following is an example of the negative impact of science and
technology on society?
● A) The creation of new job opportunities.
● B) The overuse and misuse of antibiotics leading to resistance.
● C) The development of renewable energy sources.
● D) The invention of the internet for global communication.
Answer: B) The overuse and misuse of antibiotics leading to resistance.
13. Social institutions are best described as:
● A) Informal gatherings that change frequently.
● B) Permanent, organized patterns of behaviors passed on to future generations.
● C) Temporary institutions formed to deal with current societal issues.
● D) Unstructured groups without any formalized roles or norms.
Answer: B) Permanent, organized patterns of behaviors passed on to future generations
 14. Science is considered socially embedded because:
● A) It was pre-planned by scientists to meet societal demands.
● B) It is influenced by and influences various other social institutions.
● C) It exists separately from the norms and values of society.
● D) It functions purely within academic settings without real-world impact.
Answer: B) It is influenced by and influences various other social institutions.
15. The primary function of social institutions is to:
● A) Provide short-term solutions to society’s problems.
● B) Offer guidelines and norms that structure human behavior.
● C) Focus on technological innovation.
● D) Respond to economic trends exclusively.
Answer: B) Offer guidelines and norms that structure human behavior.

LESSON 5

1. What does "antecedents" refer to in the context of science and technology?

○ A) Events that occur simultaneously with innovations.
○ B) Precursors or events that led to modern scientific and technological
developments.
○ C) Discoveries made in the future.
○ D) Outcomes of failed experiments.
Answer: B) Precursors or events that led to modern scientific and technological
developments.
2. Which of the following is considered an ancient antecedent of science and
technology?
○ A) The development of nuclear physics.
○ B) The discovery of electricity.
○ C) The establishment of early calendars and measuring systems.
○ D) The invention of the computer.
Answer: C) The establishment of early calendars and measuring systems.
3. During the Pre-Spanish era in the Philippines, which practice demonstrated early
scientific knowledge?
○ A) Formation of political alliances.
○ B) The awareness that plants could cure diseases.
○ C) Building skyscrapers.
○ D) Inventing machinery for farming.
Answer: B) The awareness that plants could cure diseases.
4. Which period in Philippine history introduced formal education and sanitation
practices to the Filipinos?
○ A) Pre-Spanish Era
○ B) Spanish Era
○ C) American Period
 ○ D) Post-Commonwealth Era
Answer: B) Spanish Era
5. Which major trade route during the Spanish Era connected the Philippines with
other parts of the world?
○ A) The Silk Road
○ B) The Galleon Trade
○ C) The Spice Trade
○ D) The Pacific Trade
Answer: B) The Galleon Trade
6. What was one of the significant scientific developments during the American
Period in the Philippines?
○ A) The founding of the National Research Council of the Philippines.
○ B) The invention of the lightbulb.
○ C) The creation of the public transportation system.
○ D) The establishment of the first space program.
Answer: A) The founding of the National Research Council of the Philippines.
7. Who introduced the public school system and improved health care during the
American Period?
○ A) Spanish colonizers
○ B) Japanese occupiers
○ C) American administrators
○ D) Filipino revolutionaries
Answer: C) American administrators
8. Which institution was created in 1901 to advance scientific knowledge in the
Philippines?
○ A) The Bureau of Science
○ B) The Institute of Science
○ C) Bureau of Government Laboratories
○ D) National Science Development Board
Answer: C) Bureau of Government Laboratories
9. Which Philippine president created the National Science Development Board
through the Science Act of 1958?
○ A) Carlos P. Garcia
○ B) Manuel L. Quezon
○ C) Ferdinand Marcos Sr.
○ D) Corazon Aquino
Answer: A) Carlos P. Garcia
10. What was the significance of Executive Order No. 784 signed by Ferdinand Marcos
Sr.?
○ A) It abolished the Department of Science and Technology (DOST).
○ B) It created the National Science and Technology Authority (NSTA).
○ C) It reduced the science budget.
○ D) It established the first Philippine space program.
Answer: B) It created the National Science and Technology Authority (NSTA).
 11. During the Post-Commonwealth era, who transformed the National Science and
Technology Authority into the Department of Science and Technology (DOST)?
○ A) Ferdinand Marcos Sr.
○ B) Carlos P. Garcia
○ C) Corazon Aquino
○ D) Manuel Roxas
Answer: C) Corazon Aquino
12. Which of the following is an internal influence on the development of science and
technology in the Philippines?
○ A) Foreign colonizers
○ B) Traders from other countries
○ C) International economic demands
○ D) The survival needs of local communities
Answer: D) The survival needs of local communities
13. Which external factor significantly influenced the development of science and
technology in the Philippines?
○ A) Changes in natural resources
○ B) Exploration by traders from foreign countries
○ C) Expansion of local businesses
○ D) Cultural festivals
Answer: B) Exploration by traders from foreign countries
14. What was the budget allocated for science and technology in the Philippines in
1992?
○ A) 464 million
○ B) 920 million
○ C) 1.054 billion
○ D) 1.7 billion
Answer: D) 1.7 billion
15. What was one of the main goals of the early research centers in the Philippines?
○ A) To launch space missions.
○ B) To promote scientific education among Filipinos.
○ C) To exploit local mineral resources.
○ D) To improve the local farming machinery.
Answer: B) To promote scientific education among Filipinos.

True or False Questions:

1. The Galleon Trade during the Spanish era connected the Philippines with Mexico
and other countries, influencing the culture and economy of both regions.
Answer: True
 2. The American Period saw the introduction of the first formal public school system
and improved healthcare in the Philippines.
Answer: True
3. Ferdinand Marcos Sr. abolished the National Science Development Board (NSDB)
without replacing it.
Answer: False (He replaced it with the National Science and Technology Authority,
NSTA).
4. In the Pre-Spanish era, Filipinos had no knowledge of science or technology.
Answer: False (They had their own knowledge systems, including medicinal use of
plants and calendars.)
5. The Department of Science and Technology (DOST) was established during the
American Period.
Answer: False

LESSON 6

1. What is an intellectual revolution?

○ A) A period where scientific beliefs remain the same.
○ B) A paradigm shift in scientific beliefs that are widely accepted by people.
○ C) A time of political upheaval with little influence on science.
○ D) A revolution focused solely on technology advancements.
Answer: B) A paradigm shift in scientific beliefs that are widely accepted by
people.
2. Which of the following is considered the first intellectual revolution?
○ A) The Darwinian Revolution
○ B) The Freudian Revolution
○ C) The Copernican Revolution
○ D) The Industrial Revolution
Answer: C) The Copernican Revolution
3. The heliocentric model proposed by Nicolaus Copernicus suggests that:
○ A) The Earth is at the center of the universe.
○ B) The Sun revolves around the Earth.
○ C) The Earth and other planets revolve around the Sun.
○ D) The planets move in random patterns.
Answer: C) The Earth and other planets revolve around the Sun.
4. Which astronomer’s geocentric model was challenged by Copernicus?
○ A) Johannes Kepler
○ B) Isaac Newton
○ C) Claudius Ptolemy
○ D) Galileo Galilei
Answer: C) Claudius Ptolemy
5. What did Johannes Kepler contribute to the Copernican Revolution?
 ○ A) The discovery of gravity.
○ B) The development of the telescope.
○ C) The idea that planets move in elliptical orbits with the Sun at the center.
○ D) The theory of relativity.
Answer: C) The idea that planets move in elliptical orbits with the Sun at the
center.
6. Which scientist developed the theory of evolution by natural selection?
○ A) Charles Darwin
○ B) Sigmund Freud
○ C) Isaac Newton
○ D) Albert Einstein
Answer: A) Charles Darwin
7. In Darwin's theory, natural selection refers to:
○ A) Random evolution of species without cause.
○ B) Survival of the fittest, where traits that enhance survival are passed on.
○ C) A process of slow, deliberate creation of new species.
○ D) The extinction of all species over time.
Answer: B) Survival of the fittest, where traits that enhance survival are passed
on.
8. Which of the following books did Charles Darwin publish to present his theory of
evolution?
○ A) The Descent of Man
○ B) The Origin of Species
○ C) The Structure of Scientific Revolutions
○ D) Principia Mathematica
Answer: B) The Origin of Species
9. Freud's psychoanalysis primarily focused on:
○ A) The scientific revolution.
○ B) Understanding the human mind, including human sexuality and behavior.
○ C) The development of new philosophical ideologies.
○ D) The effects of natural selection on the brain.
Answer: B) Understanding the human mind, including human sexuality and
behavior.
10. According to Freud, which element of personality is driven by unconscious
desires and impulses?
○ A) The Id
○ B) The Ego
○ C) The Superego
○ D) The Conscious
Answer: A) The Id
11. The Information Revolution began with:
○ A) The development of the internet.
○ B) The invention of the printing press by Gutenberg in 1455.
○ C) The discovery of electricity.
 ○ D) The creation of the television.
Answer: B) The invention of the printing press by Gutenberg in 1455.
12. Which ancient civilization contributed to the earliest form of written
communication with pictographs?
○ A) The Egyptians
○ B) The Greeks
○ C) The Sumerians
○ D) The Romans
Answer: C) The Sumerians
13. Alchemy is considered a precursor to which modern science?
○ A) Biology
○ B) Physics
○ C) Chemistry
○ D) Astronomy
Answer: C) Chemistry
14. Which scientific tool, developed by Galileo Galilei, played a major role in
advancing the Copernican Revolution?
○ A) Microscope
○ B) Telescope
○ C) Compass
○ D) Sextant
Answer: B) Telescope
15. The Freudian Revolution had a significant influence on which areas of human
culture?
○ A) Physics and Mathematics
○ B) Religion and Mythology
○ C) Literature, Visual Arts, and Music
○ D) Engineering and Architecture
Answer: C) Literature, Visual Arts, and Music

True or False Questions:

1. The geocentric model, which places Earth at the center of the universe, was
widely accepted before the Copernican Revolution.
Answer: True
2. Charles Darwin's theory of evolution states that all life on Earth is unrelated and
evolves independently.
Answer: False (Darwin's theory states that all life on Earth is connected and related to
each other.)
3. Sigmund Freud's psychoanalysis proposed that the human mind could be
segmented into different compartments, focusing on aspects like the Id, Ego, and
 Superego.
Answer: True
4. The heliocentric model suggests that the Sun revolves around the Earth.
Answer: False (The heliocentric model suggests that the Earth and planets revolve
around the Sun.)
5. The Information Revolution was mainly driven by the invention of television in the
20th century.
Answer: False (It began with the invention of the printing press in 1455.)