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Design and Simulation of Metal Detection System

Article in Humanitarian and Natural Sciences Journal · August 2021

DOI: 10.53796/HNSJ2812

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 Humanitarian & Natural Peer-Reviewed Journal

HNSJ Sciences Journal

ISSN: (e) 2709-0833
www.hnjournal.net
Indexed at: NSP - SJIF
Arabic Impact Factor 2020 = 0.44

RESEARCH ARTICLE

DESIGN AND SIMULATION OF METAL

DETECTION SYSTEM

Yousif Elfatih Yousif 1

1
Department of Computer Engineering , Faculty of Engineering , Alzaiem Alazhri University , Khartoum , Sudan
Email: [email protected]

Published at 01/08/2021 Accepted at 18/07/2021

Abstract

This paper dealt with metal detectors and techniques used primitive and modern we designed the circuit of
the metal detector to study the frequencies of various metals such as aluminum, gold and silver and we
compared the results with the theoretical results, where it was found that the theoretical results differ from
the practical results and dealt with one of the modern techniques used in detection Is a smart robot in the
form of a vehicle containing a number of electronic components to assist in the detection of metals such as
Arduino, motors and sensors This paper is designed to simulate and build a detector with The device was
simple to install and cheaply cost. The device was successfully implemented. The device was able to detect
metals in the area surrounding the sensor. The design characteristics, the performance of the device, its area
of work and the accuracy of its results were discussed in this paper.

Key Words: metal detectors, Arduino, motors, sensors

 Design and Simulation of Metal Detection System HNSJ Volume 2. Issue 8

I. Introduction
This paper presents an advanced solution and a new direct approach for remote sensing
GPS, RF Arduino based on the concept of metal detectors. Conventionally, Wireless-
controlled robot’s circuits, which have the drawbacks of limited working range, limited
RF frequency range and the limited control. Use of use GPS Arduino Microcontroller
and RF robotic control can overcome these limitations. It provides the advantage of
robust control, working range as large as the coverage area of the service provider, no
interference with other controllers . [1]
Metal detectors are used to search for metals underground Usually metal detectors give
some indication of the distance; As the metal approaches, the tone in the earpiece rises
or the needle moves further. The metal detector produces a magnetic field when it is
above a metal object, marking the circuit in which that object is located. In this paper,
we rely on the establishment of an electronic metal detection system that can be used in
several fields such as mineral exploration, building security and search for lost items.
These devices often consist of a portable unit with a sensor that can penetrate the
ground or other objects. If the sensor is connected to a piece of metal, it will emit a
signal [2]
II. Methodology
The GPS based metal detection system using an Arduino Uno microcontroller system
and an Interface Driver (UL293) to control the robot motor movements and metal
detection sensor which send a single of detection to the microcontroller when detect
any spot and stop on it and send the location through GPS and RF to the operator to RF
with LCD which contain in the position .
III. Microcontrollers
A Microcontroller is an integrated electronic circuit that contains an internal
microprocessor, an internal programmable memory to store the control program, and
another memory for data processing. It also contains input and output pins . It may also
contain other tools such as an analogue-digital converter and digital - analogue
converter, voltage comparators, process amplifiers, and a clock pulse generator.
Counters, timers, etc.

Fig1:component of microcontroller
IV. Design of Proposed System

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 Design and Simulation of Metal Detection System HNSJ Volume 2. Issue 8

The metal detection system that was designed in this paper has been divided into two
parts as shown below
A. Robot circuit
circuit contains Ultrasonic sensor, Metal sensor, Driver L293, Motor, RF and GPS.
B. Receiver circuit
This circuit contains LCD, Buzzer, Arduino and RF. Software design, BASCOM
program used.
V. Circuits Components
Firstly a signal sent to the motors to move the vehicle forward and the radars monitor
whether there is an object in front of the vehicle or not , and if a metal was discovered
by the sensors the car will stop and in a while it send the location coordinates to the
receiver by RF (Radio Frequencies) with frequency of 450 MHZ to notice the users
that there is a metal had been discovered in a specific area with location coordinates
and operates the bell, after that the vehicle moved forward to search for new metal.
The vehicle moves by specific map with specific steps forward then reverse the
movement to the other direction with the same sequence above and so on till the entire
desired area is surveyed with specific coordinates.
The transmitter circuit consists of the vehicle motors, GPS, RF radar in the front and
the back in addition to the green and red LEDs , as the receiver circuit consists of RF
and the Nano controller in addition to a bell and screen that displays the message.
 Robot circuit
1. Sensors (Metal sensor, Ultrasonic sensor).
2. Arduino UNO.
3. RF transmutation
4. Motor
5. GPS.

Fig2: Block Diagram of Robot circuit

Page | 160 Humanitarian and Natural Sciences Journal Yousif El Fatih. August, 2021 www.hnjournal.net
 Design and Simulation of Metal Detection System HNSJ Volume 2. Issue 8

 Receiver circuit
1. LCD.
2. Buzzer
3. Arduino Nano
4. RF receiver

Fig 3: Block Diagram ofReceiver circuit

A. Metal Detector
The construction method of metal detectors is based on electro magnetic induction.
Metal detectors contain one or more inductor coils that are used to interact with
metallic elements on the ground. The single-coil detector below is a simple type of one
used in a real metal detector.[3]
A pulsing current is applied to the coil, which then induces a magnetic field shown in
blue. When the magnetic field of the coil moves across metal, such as the coin in this
illustration, the field induces electric currents (called eddy currents) in the coin. The
eddy currents induce their own magnetic field, shown in red, which generates an
opposite current in the coil, which induces a signal indicating the presence of metal.
The metal detector circuit include simple proximity sensor , LC circiut and anbuzzer .
the LC circiut include capacitor and inductor are connected in parallel. if the circuit
detects any metal near to it, then the circuit activates the proximity sensor and its glow
the LED and makes a buzzer[4]

Fig4: Metal detector circuit

Page | 161 Humanitarian and Natural Sciences Journal Yousif El Fatih. August, 2021 www.hnjournal.net
 Design and Simulation of Metal Detection System HNSJ Volume 2. Issue 8

B. Arduino Uno
Arduino uno is an open source platform used to build electronic projects. The Arduino
consists of a physical programmable board and the Arduino IDE (Integrated
Development Environment), which runs on a computer, and is used to write and read
computer code to the physical board. the Arduino platform has become extremely
popular with people who are just getting started in electronics, and for good reason.
Unlike most programmable circuit boards, the Arduino doesn't need a separate piece of
hardware (called a programmer) in order to load new code onto the board - you simply
use the USB connector. In addition, the Arduino IDE uses a simplified version of C++,
which makes the program easier to learn. Finally, the Arduino provides a standard
form factor that breaks the functions of a micro-controller more easily into a package.
the Arduino Uno is one of the most popular chips in the Arduino family, and it's a great
choice for beginners.

Fig5: Arduino Uno

C. Dc motor
A DC motor is an electric motor that converts electrical energy into kinetic energy and
works only on DC systems the device is composed in its simplest form of two
magnetic poles, a north pole and a south pole, separated by a certain distance, in
which a coil connected to a battery or any voltage source that generates a current is
placed. Thus, a permanent magnetic field will be generated as a result of the magnetic
flux lines passing from the north to the south pole, knowing that the torque is directly
proportional to the number of these lines passing through the coil.DC motors were the
first type widely used, since they could be powered from existing direct-current
lighting power distribution systems. A DC motor's speed can be controlled over a
wide range, using either a variable supply voltage or by changing the strength of
current in its field windings. Small DC motors are used in tools, toys, and appliances.
larger DC motors are used in propulsion of electric vehicles, elevator and hoists .
D. Driver L 293
A motor driver is an electronic circuit often used to control motors in robots. Motor
driver is interface between Arduino and the motors. The most common used motor
driver IC’s are from the L293 series such as L293D, L293NE, etc. ICs was designed
to control 2 DC motors simultaneously. L293D consistof two H-bridge. H-bridge is
the simplest circuit for controlling a low current rated motor.

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 Design and Simulation of Metal Detection System HNSJ Volume 2. Issue 8

A voltage regulator is designed to automatically maintain a constant voltage level. A

voltage regulator may be a simple feed-forward design or may include negative
feedback. It may use an electromechanical mechanism, or electronic components.

Fig6 :UL L293 IC

E. US (ultrasonic sensor)
Ultrasonic sensors can detect movement of targets and measure the distance to them in
many automated factories and process plants. Sensors can have an on or off digital
output for detecting the movement of objects, or an analog output proportional to
distance. They can sense the edge of material as part of a web guiding
system.Ultrasonic sensors are widely used in cars as parking sensors to aid the driver
in reversing into parking spaces. They are being tested for anumber of other
automotive uses including ultrasonic people detection and assisting in autonomous
UAV navigation..[5]

Fig7:ultrasonic sensor
F. GPS
The global positioning system (GPS) is a satellite navigation system, its main function
is to provide accurate information about the geographical location of a particular
person, and there is no doubt that the system has contributed to the development of
many fields such as land trips, marine navigation and various military tasks, and the
system plays a distinguished role in the areas of surveying, for this The system is
considered one of the most widely used measurement tools by geodetic engineers due
to its accuracy and data validity.. The GPS is made up of three part: satellites orbiting
the earth; control and monitoring stations on earth; and the GPS receivers owned by
user. GPS satellites broadcast signals from space that are picked up and identified by
GPS receivers. Each GPS receiver then provides three -dimensional location (latitude,
longitude, and altitude) plus the time. [6]
G. RF
1. RF Transmitter STT-433MHz

Page | 163 Humanitarian and Natural Sciences Journal Yousif El Fatih. August, 2021 www.hnjournal.net
 Design and Simulation of Metal Detection System HNSJ Volume 2. Issue 8

The STT-433 is perfect for remote control applications where minimal effort and more
range is require , the transmitter works from a1.5-12V supply, making it perfect for
battery-controlled applications and transmitter utilizes a SAW-balanced out oscillator,
guaranteeing precise recurrence control for best range execution. the producing
inviting SIP style bundle and minimal effort make the STT-433 suitable for high
volume applications.
2. RF Receiver STR-433MHz
The information is gotten by the RF collector from the receiving wire pin and this
information is accessible on the information pins. Two Data pins are given in the
collector module. Therefore, this information can be utilized for further applications.
VI. Result
The result of proposed system included two sections the Simulation and design and
implementation of electronic circuit

A. Simulation of Metal Detection

USS1 USS2 LCD1
ULTRASONIC ULTRASONIC U3 LM016L
MODULO RX
SimPin blogembarcado.blogspot.com SimPin blogembarcado.blogspot.com
microcontrolandos

VDD
VSS

VEE

RW
Trigger

Trigger

OUT

ANT
GND

GND
GND

RS
VCC

VCC

D0
D1
D2
D3
D4
D5
D6
D7
E
Echo

Echo
Gnd

Gnd
+5V

+5V
0

1
2
3

Res 4
5
En 6

7
8
9
10
DAT4 11
DAT3 12
DAT2 13
DAT1 14
T16 E17 T28 E29
U2
T28 green MODULO TX
toNano

E29 red microcontrolandos

m1f
m2f
SIM1
E17

T16

m2f toRF toRF

m2b

www.TheEngineeringProjects.com
GPS
13
12

10
11

13 12 Res
9
8

7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0

DATA

D13 D12
GND

ANT
VCC

ARD1 11 En
REF D11
ARDUINO UNO A0 Arduino 10
PB4/MISO

~ PD3/INT1/OC2B
PB5/SCK

PD0/RXD
~ PB3/MOSI/OC2A
~ PB2/OC1B

PB0/ICP1/CLKO

PD7/AIN1
~ PD7/AIN1
~ PD5/T1/OC0B

PD1/TXD
AREF

PD4/T0/XCK

PD2/INT0
~ PB1/OC1A

A0 D10
A1 9
A1 Nano D9
A2 8
A2 D8
A3 7

Buz
A3 D7
A4 6
A4 D6

ATMEGA328P
www.TheEngineeringProjects.com
U1 A5 5 DAT4

ATMEL
16 8 A5 D5
A6 4 DAT3
A6 D4
ATMEGA328P-PU m1f 2 3
1121 IN1 VSS VS OUT1 A7 3 DAt2
7 6 A7 D3
IN2 OUT2
1 DAT1
ON
m1b EN1 2
5V D2
0
PC4/ADC4/SDA

RST RX / D0
PC5/ADC5/SCL

ANALOG IN
m2f 9 1 toNano
EN2
PC0/ADC0
PC1/ADC1

TX / D1
PC2/ADC2
PC3/ADC3

m2b 10 11 GND
IN3 OUT3
RESET

15 14
IN4 GND GND OUT4
Reset BTN
L293D
ARDUINO NANO
A0
A1
A2
A3
A4
A5

0
GPS1
green red
www.TheEngineeringProjects.com Q1
Buz BUZ1
25V NPN
R2 R1
100uF 10k 10k

GPS BUZZER
GPS

TXD D2 D1
Module RXD
LED-BIGY LED-BIRG

GPS MODULE

Fig 9 : Simulation of Metal Detection

B. Design and Implementation

Fig 10 :Design of proposed system

Page | 164 Humanitarian and Natural Sciences Journal Yousif El Fatih. August, 2021 www.hnjournal.net
 Design and Simulation of Metal Detection System HNSJ Volume 2. Issue 8

Above system was implemented to detect the metal types and send information through
RF antenna and controlled it using a microcontroller system called the Arduino
microcontroller and sensors were used to detect object in front of the vehicle if objects
were found the vehicle stopped for a while and then tried to move away from the body
and then proceed to search for minerals and these sensors are sensors send ultrasonic
waves to see if there is a body in front of the vehicle or not and there are sensors feel
the presence of metal or not and the cheapest use of these kinds of sensors to increase
the cost in these sensors and not available in some neighborhoods a device was used to
locate the vehicle and place the metal which sends a message through the antenna to a
screen to monitor the condition of the sensors and send a message in the presence of
an object in front of the vehicle and send a message coordinates location and place of
metal when the discovery of metal was used variable resistance to adjust the screen
contrast and the use of transistor to amplify the sound of the bell when the metal and
then send a voice signal the existence of the metal was moving the vehicle and
detection of the state of operation of the system and determine the number of steps of
the vehicle and walk to the front and rotation using motors but was used to protect the
microcontroller from damage and All of these devices are equipped with a metal
detection system as a controlled vehicle model and operates the vehicle with AC power
and feeding the Arduino microcontroller and motor vehicles using a battery source.
VII. Conclusion
The proposed system and the all components of the of the metal detection system
controlled with the Arduino microcontroller, the ultrasonic sensor for the metal
detector and the GPS module equipped with the prototype of the vehicle and the use of
a receiver and an RF transmitter to transmit and receive signals from the vehicle
system to the system operators Which can be a long distance from it and the GPS
module to send the car center to the operator when the system detects any metal signals
from the sensor equipped to the system and send information data to the users as well
as protect the person from the risks surrounding the search and The detection of the
metal using the robot in the form of a vehicle because human protection is the main
task in this project has been improved and development of this project using electronic
components cheap and available and easy to use and moved and booked a specific area
of the vehicle to detect the metal and the operation was successful and then access to
the model mission to the fullest .
References
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Page | 165 Humanitarian and Natural Sciences Journal Yousif El Fatih. August, 2021 www.hnjournal.net
 Design and Simulation of Metal Detection System HNSJ Volume 2. Issue 8

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