BONSAI

" One of the most

important tools of
Bonsai is Patience"
Subject -: NURSERY, GARDENING AND
LANDSCAPING

Group members-:
Priya
Anshita Sharma
Harshita
 History of Bonsai
The art of bonsai originated in China as "
Origin in China -: Pun- Sai" , around 700AD , the Chinese
experimented with growing miniature
trees in containers believing that smaller
objects could be more spiritually
powerful.

The Japanese adopted the art of Bonsai

Introduction to -:
during the kamakura period influenced by
japan when Buddhism the Japanese developed
their own style growing individual trees
instead of entire landscape.
Introduction
it is a Japanese art to develop a full form of plant in a small port or
container sometimes in combination with Rock of different form in
a miniature form .
purpose of bonsai tree are primarly contemplation for the viewer
and the pleasant exercise of effort and ingenuity for the grower.

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 Elements that make complete
bonsai.
Out of these 3 elements,the first two, namely
the pots or containers and soil/media,
There are three elements
represent the earth and the plants
which constitute a perfect
represents the tree, bushes and perennial
Bonsai, these are :
herbs that grow on the earth.

The pots or containers in

which bonsai are planted.

soil or bonsai
pot mixture
The plants which
are grown in the
containers
 Understanding
Bonsai
Development
Bonsai trees developed through a series of
setups that include:-

Step 1 -: Establishing Step 2 -: Growing a

a root system thick top

Step 3 -: Slip potting Step 4-:shaping branches

 Understanding
Bonsai
Development
Bonsai trees developed through a
series of setups that include:-
Essential factors for
Bonsai market growth

Natural characteristics of plant-: the plant

used as Bonsai in a container must have all
the natural characters of a living plant it
should be terminated in the top which
indicate the highest point of its growth the
plant selected must be of such species which
exhibit all the variations that accompany the
changes of the seasons
Variety and artistic
appearance of branches

The defoliation technique helps redirect the

energy of the plant into producing new
branches which improve the branching
pattern of a tree d-foliating also enables you
to control the shape and size of your Bonsai
by directing energy towards certain areas
instead of others and this can be especially
helpful when shaping young trees or
managing overgrown trees
Growth characteristics
of the stem/trunk

The stem /trunk near the root and the

main stem/trunk above the ground
should have all the characters of
natural growth in addition to the
appearance of age feature of large full
grown tree.
 TOOLS & EQUIPMENTS

SHARP SMALL PRUNING SOIL STRAINERS POTTING STICKS

SCISSOR
 TOOLS & EQUIPMENTS

COPPER WIRE SMALL WIRE CUTTER SMALL PIECES OF

PLASTIC MESH
 TOOLS & EQUIPMENTS

WATERING CAN PAIR OF PRUNING CLIP SMALL LEAF CUTTER

 TOOLS & EQUIPMENTS

SMALL SAW KNIFE

 TECHNIQUES FOR DEVELOPING BONSAI
CULTIVATION

The first step is to figure out which tree species suits your needs, climate,
and circumstance. Whether you prefer to keep your tree indoors, or
outdoors will have a big impact on your selection. Growing Bonsai
indoors limits your options to subtropical trees that can survive indoors.
Whereas growing your Bonsai outdoors gives you more options to
choose from. The Japanese term, "Misho," refers to the practice of
growing Bonsai from tree seeds. It can be a very rewarding process that
allows you to grow a plant as a Bonsai tree from the very beginning. It
takes a minimum of three years before seedlings mature enough to start
shaping, but it's advantageous, as you have full control over your
Bonsai tree from the beginning. Cultivating trees from cuttings, or
"Sashiki" in Japanese, is very popular among Bonsai growers because
it's an inexpensive way to propagate new trees. This method reduces
the time it takes to grow new trees from seeds by about a year and
provides some foresight into which characteristics the cuttings will have.
 TECHNIQUES FOR DEVELOPING BONSAI
STYLING

“Bonsai is not a race, nor is it a destination.

It is a never-ending journey.”

The styling of Bonsai trees includes basic methods like

regular pruning and wiring, but also more advanced
techniques including the creation of deadwood. We
apply these techniques to promote growth, manipulate
our trees into the shape we desire, and to achieve
natural and realistic results.
 TECHNIQUES FOR DEVELOPING BONSAI
PRUNING

Without a doubt, the most important way to style a

Bonsai is to prune it regularly. There are two different
techniques: maintenance-pruning, to maintain and
refine the existing shape of a Bonsai, and structural-
pruning, which involves more rigorous pruning to give a
tree its basic shape. Maintenance pruning is required to
maintain a trees' shape. To do so, simply prune branches
and shoots that have outgrown the intended canopy
shape using twig shears or normal cutters.
 TECHNIQUES FOR DEVELOPING BONSAI
WIRING

Wiring is a very important technique used to train and

style Bonsai trees. By wrapping wire around the
branches of a tree you can bend and reposition the
branches to your liking. It takes a few months before the
branches are set in their new position. Remove the wire
once the branches have set. Most tree species can be
wired at any time of the year. Deciduous trees however
are much easier to wire in late winter due to the absence
of leaves.
 TECHNIQUES FOR DEVELOPING BONSAI
GRAFTING

In Japanese: “Tsugiki” - By grafting you fuse a graft (a shoot,

branch or root) to a tree (also called the stump or rootstock). This
technique is often used to combine strengths of two different
plants together in one new plant. Grafting will only work when
the graft and tree belong to the same species. Pines and Junipers
are the exceptions, one often finds Rocky mountain junipers
grafted with itoigawa juniper foliage for example.
Three techniques are commonly used for Bonsai purposes; scion
grafting (inserting a separated graft into a trunk or branch),
approach grafting (fusing a branch (that is still attached to the
donor plant) to a tree, and thread grafting (drilling a hole in a
trunk or branch, and threading a branch of the tree through it).
SUITABLE PLANTS FOR Bonsai

JUNIPER

This bonsai's miniature aesthetic works well

with the small leaves, and secondly,
junipers are tough trees that can tolerate
severe trimming. Make sure to place them
in a bright, sunny spot in your house and
allow their soil to dry slightly before
watering.
SUITABLE PLANTS FOR Bonsai

PINE

Due to their hardiness and trainability, pine

trees are a preferred bonsai plant . In fact,
practically any known bonsai style may be
achieved using pine trees. The bark of pine
trees ages to become scaly or flaky, and
their needles appear in bundles of two to
five.
SUITABLE PLANTS FOR Bonsai

CEDAR

The rough, ragged bark of cedar trees has

made them a popular choice among bonsai
enthusiasts. Cedar trees are evergreen
conifers that grow short needle clusters
along their branches, providing an
opportunity for very dramatic bonsai
styles.
SUITABLE PLANTS FOR Bonsai

WEEPING FIG

The weeping fig is a well-liked option for bonsai

because of its lovely, umbrella-like canopy. Another
attractive aspect that works well for a bonsai style is
the tangled surface roots of the plant. icus Benjamina is
an attractive tree that is also tough and durable,
making it an ideal bonsai plant for your home. It thrives
inside and is frequently grown as a houseplant all year
round.
SUITABLE PLANTS FOR Bonsai

DWARF JADE

A softwood shrub that is semi-evergreen and makes a

great starting bonsai tree is the dwarf jade plant.
Dwarf jades resemble the more popular jade variety
(Crassula Ovata) in appearance, however, the dwarf
jade is better for bonsai growth due to its smaller
foliage. While they flourish well indoors, dwarf jade
bonsai trees require direct sunshine for the majority of
the day, so make sure you find a spot to make your
bonsai thrive with happiness.
SUITABLE PLANTS FOR Bonsai

CHINESE ELM

Chinese elms, often referred to as lacebark elms, are a

common choice for beginners to bonsai since they are
simple to cultivate both indoors and outdoors but
require extensive pruning. Its rounded shape and
unusual multicolored bark, which exfoliates for
aesthetic appeal, include colors of brown, gray, green,
and orange. A Chinese elm bonsai will maintain a
height of between 10 inches and 2 feet.
Potting Condition for
bonsai

For bonsai cultivation, select an unglazed or semi-hard baked

pot that is inexpensive and appropriately sized. The container's
shape and dimensions should harmonize with the bonsai plant,
creating a balanced aesthetic.
The Pot should have a hole at the bottom for good aeration
and water draining. The large holes are more better to
prevent root decay.
The newly purchased container must be cleaned and
washed properly after immersing in water and dried up
before planting a bonsai.
When you are using an old container, it should be used only
after thoroughly cleaning it, washing off, old soil, moss and
germs of diseases. Use this container only after water is
completely drained and dried.
 Types of POT
Bonsai containers are available in different shapes such as rectangular, square,
tall square, tall round, oval, octagonal, hexagonal etc. with varying depths and
size. Selection of a suitable container for ‘bonsai’ propagation is as important as
selecting and training of the bonsai tree itself. Choice of container is made
according to the tree shape and style of bonsai.

ROUND OR SQUARE RECTANGULAR OCTAGONAL

In round pot or square shaped In an oval or rectangular pot,

pot, position the plant in the place the plant at one-third of
centre. the container’s length from
any end
 SOIL COMPOSITION
One of the most widely debated subjects for most Bonsai
enthusiasts is soil composition. Good Bonsai is not merely
on the design, but a good Bonsai should portray a healthy
tree that grows in a small container and this strongly
depends on the soil used.The quality of the soil that is
used, directly affects the health and vigor of the tree.
There are a number of qualities that are required in a
good soil mix

Good water-retention Good drainage.

A particle-based, well-
Good aeration
structured inorganic soil
BONSAI CARE
TECHNIQUES

Bonsai is the Japanese art of growing beautiful trees in

miniature. Almost any kind of tree or plant can be a Bonsai, with
the right care and styling techniques. The important thing to
remember is that a Bonsai is a tree, and has a tree’s needs. Trees
respond to your care, and will thrive with your attention. Bonsai
care techniques include technique of
Watering of Bonsai
Fertilizers Application to bonsai
Pest and Disease of Bonsai
Location
Misting and Air
Watering of bonsai
Water is a very important source of life to plant and without which plant can
not sustain their life for a single day. The need of water is more in case of
bonsai which are planted in a smaller pots with a limited amount of soil and
which have no other source of water expect, rain, dew and watering. Bonsai
like to get a little dry in between waterings, but they must never be allowed
to become bone-dry. Check your Bonsai daily to see if it needs water by
pressing down firmly on the moss or soil at the base of the trunk. If it feels
moist or cool, or sort of soft and spongy, then it does not need water. When
the topsoil feels dry, set the whole pot in a basin of water, right up to the
base of the trunk, allowing water to saturate the soil. This will cause air
bubbles to rise up, and the bubbles are a good indicator of how dry your
tree is. The soil will be saturated very quickly; let extra water drain off.
Bonsai really don’t like to be wet all the time, nor to sit in water for long
periods, it is bad for their health. During the winter months, you may be
watering once a week, or even less; in the summer, it may every day or
every other day, depending on location and climate.
Fertilizers Application to
Bonsai
Fertilizer is not quite food for plants, it is more like vitamins and minerals.
As with vitamins, a small amount on a regular basis is the best plan.
Fertilizer is necessary for Bonsai, which are plants planted in small
containers, with little soil, minimum nutrient in the soil, and yet must
develop a thick trunk, branches, leaves, flowers and fruits. Without proper
fertilizer application, proper growth of bonsai can not be possible.
Excessive fertilizer application, invites undesirable effect on Bonsai and
causing roots injury.

The principal fertilizer for Bonsai which is in growing process, should be

given rapeseed cake, which contains three fertilizers- Nitrogen, Phosphate
and Potash in the ratio of 5:3:2. It is safest to apply in Bonsai and most
effective
PESTS AND DISEASES OF
BONSAI
Pests Control
Pests like aphids, caterpillar, and scales etc. are common and can be controlled
by spraying with mild pesticides, whenever necessary. For insect/pests, a light
insecticide such as Malathion, Rogour, Metasystox, and Nuvan will destroy
aphids and caterpillars and spraying leaves and branches with soap water will
remove scale insects.
Diseases and Control
Spray the bonsai with fungicides such as Bavistin, Captan etc. to control the
diseases. After pruning bud pinching spraying of bonsai with light solution of
fungicide is essential. After root pruning at the time of re-potting, treat the roots
with light solution of fungicide (1 g/lit. of water) to control root rot like diseases.
LOCATION , MISTING AND
AIR
Location:
Bonsai need direct sunlight, from which they make their food. A lack of direct sun
will damage them, causing weak foliage and other problems. They like to receive
5-6 hours of sunlight daily, whether inside or outside. All Bonsai love to be
outside in the warmer months (May-September), though there are many species
which can be kept indoors year-round. Remember that the more sunlight and
warmth your Bonsai receives, the more often it will need water
Misting and air:
Any time your tree is inside, the air is very dry, and the leaves want humidity to
keep them healthy and green. Mist as often as you like during the day. Definitely
avoid having your Bonsai near a vent or a draft, as this will dry out the foliage.
Using a pebble tray is a great way to increase local humidity. A pebble tray is a
shallow tray filled with small stones. Keep some water in the bottom of the tray,
making sure that the water does not reach the bottom of the Bonsai pot. As it
evaporates, it helps to create a more moist environment.
SOME OLDEST
BONSAI TREES IN
THE WORLD
FICUS BONSAI TREE AT CRESPI,
ITALY -
This Ficus Bonsai is reported to be over a thousand years old; the oldest
Bonsai tree in the world. It is the main tree on display at the Italian Bonsai
museum "Crespi".
OLD JUNIPER BONSAI TREE AT MANSEI-EN,
JAPAN
This Juniper is tested to be more than 1000 years old, collected in the
wild in Japan. It is still a rough material, as it is in training. It is at the
Mansei-en Bonsai nursery of the Kato family in Omiya, Japan.
800 YEAR OLD TREE, AT SHUNKA-EN,
BY KUNIO KOBAYASHI
A remarkable tree which is well known for its extremely high age; the tree is reported to be
over 800 years old, one of the most expensive Bonsai trees! Its owner, master Kobayashi, is
one of the most well known Bonsai artists in the world and has won the prestigious Prime
Minister award in Japan four times.
AN 800 YEAR-OLD BONSAI TREE ALSO
AT SHUNKAEN
A stunning tree displayed at Shunkaen. The tree is estimated to be
around 800 year old and is displayed in a beautiful tokonama.
THE JAPANESE WHITE PINE THAT
SURVIVED HIROSHIMA
This tree has been trained into a Bonsai for almost 400 years, the result of 6 generations of
hard work and patience by the Yamaki family. But what makes it really special is that it
was in Hiroshima when the atomic bomb fell in 1945; the tree survived and was later
donated to the National Bonsai & Penjing Museum in Washington.
Conclusion

Good Bonsai is not merely on the design, but a good Bonsai

should portray a healthy tree that grows in a small container
and this strongly depends on the soil used.
It is the fact that still many people have misperception that
Bonsai is being tortured to be small, and this is absolutely
wrong. Bonsai need extra loving cares and suppose to be
healthier than a tree living in the nature due to the limited
space it grows.