Blue Economy

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POSITION PAPER:

SKILLING FOR
ENHANCED
BLUE ECONOMY
BLUE
ECONOMY
Index
Introduction
a. Introduction to Blue Economy 4

01. b. Global Response: Initiatives Driving the Blue Economy Worldwide 5


c. India’s Unique Maritime Position 5
d. India’s Vision for the Blue Economy 6

Exploring Employment Opportunities in the Blue Economy Sector 7


a. Identifying Gaps and Filling Them: Addressing the Challenges in the Blue
02. Economy 8
b. Skilling Gaps in Mega Projects initiated by the Indian Government 9

03. Blue Economy and Underwater Domain Awareness (UDA) 12

04. Requirement of UDA Framework for an Enhanced Blue Economy 13

05. MRC’s Proposal for Establishing a Sector Skill Council on Blue Economy 14

06. Moving Forward: Action Steps 15

Enclosures:
a. Enclosure 1: Underwater Domain Awareness (UDA) Framework 16
b. Enclosure 2: Key Stakeholders of the UDA Framework 17

07. c. Enclosure 3: MRC’s Contribution towards Digital Transformation 19


d. Enclosure 4: MRC's Milestones in UDA Journey 21
e. Enclosure 5: MRC’s Recent Trip to Malvan for Understanding the
Significance of Blue Economy 23

08. Authors 24

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1. Introduction to Blue Economy:
The term "Blue Economy" refers to a sustainable ocean economy achieved by balancing economic activities
with the health and resilience of ocean ecosystems. It involves responsible use of ocean resources and
innovations to generate inclusive economic and societal advantages while preserving natural ecosystems.

Globally, the Blue Economy was anticipated to


expand twice as fast as the rest of the world
economy, as projected by pre-pandemic OECD
estimates. Notably, the Blue Economy
encompasses various sectors such as coastal
manufacturing & services, maritime trade,
shipping, offshore and coastal energy, deep sea
minerals, aquaculture & fisheries, and marine-
related technologies.

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Global Response: Initiatives Driving the Blue Economy Worldwide:
Various national and global initiatives are being undertaken to control the Blue Economy. Countries like
Australia, Brazil, U.K., U.S., Russia and Norway have developed dedicated national ocean policies with
measurable outcomes and budgetary provisions. Countries like Canada and Australia have enacted
legislation and established hierarchal institutions at federal and state levels to ensure progress and monitoring
of Blue Economy targets.

Countries with Dedicated National Ocean Policies

India’s Unique Maritime Position:


India's extensive coastline of 7517 km spans nine coastal states and 1382 islands. The nation boasts 12 major
ports and over 180 non-major ports, handling around 1400 million tons of cargo annually. A striking 95% of
India's trade by volume relies on maritime transport. The Exclusive Economic Zone, spanning over two
million square kilometers, is abundant in living and non-living resources, including significant recoverable
resources of crude oil and natural gas. This marine wealth supports over 4 million fishermen and coastal
communities, intricately linking India's economic growth with its Blue Economy.

Recent sustainable development initiatives in the maritime domain have propelled India's maritime interests
and Blue Economy. Even amidst the post-COVID-19 global landscape, India is experiencing noteworthy
growth in the marine sector by efficiently and sustainably tapping ocean resources. India's objective remains
twofold: harness ocean resources effectively while fostering ocean-related capabilities, employment and value
addition. All this must be achieved in line with the UN Sustainable Development Goals and environmental
preservation.

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9 Coastal States
1,382 Islands
12 Major Ports
180 Non-major Ports

Image Source: https://www.mapsofindia.com

India’s Vision for the Blue Economy:

In 1981, India established the Department of Ocean Development, now the Ministry of Earth
Sciences (MoES).
Notable programs like the "Deep Ocean Mission," "Oceanography from Space," and “Launching of
the data buoys” have been launched along the Indian coastline.
These initiatives employ satellites to gather oceanographic data, including weather information, for
scientific analysis.
MoES has joined the United Nations' "Clean Seas Programme," aiming to reduce marine litter/plastic
and aligning with SDG-14.
MoES signed contracts with the International Seabed Authority (ISBA) for deep ocean exploration
of minerals like Ploymetallic Nodules and Hydrothermal Sulphide in the Indian Ocean.
India is developing a sustainable policy for both upstream and downstream activities to capitalize on
sector growth.
The Government of India's 2030 vision highlights the Blue Economy as one of the ten core
dimensions of growth, emphasizing policy integration for coastal community improvement and
development.
In his 74th Independence Day Speech, Prime Minister Narendra Modi stressed the importance of
harmonious relations in a neighbor, beyond just physical borders.
Experts propose the Seychelles-Singapore-Samoa (SSS) axis as a strategic Blue Economy policy
foundation.
A transparent policy framework is being formulated to elevate India's GDP through sustainable
economic growth in the Blue Economy, aligning with national security and international
commitments.

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2. Exploring Employment Opportunities in the Blue Economy Sector:

The Food and Agricultural Organization (FAO) data reveals that more than 60 million people globally
are employed in fishing and aquaculture, predominantly in developing countries of Asia and Africa.
The combined sectors of fishing, aquaculture, seaside and marine tourism provide employment for over
350 million individuals.
The European Union's 2020 report states that the Blue Economy, encompassing ocean-related economic
activities, employs over 4 million people directly within the EU and contributes 1.3% to the EU's GDP.
Worldwide, the Blue Economy sustains livelihoods for over 820 million individuals.
The blue growth strategy focuses on five key sectors within the Blue Economy: coastal tourism,
aquaculture, blue energy, blue biotechnology and seabed mining. These sectors exhibit significant
potential for job creation and innovation.
Coastal tourism stands out as the largest sector in terms of both employment and value added, although
it poses environmental and community challenges.

Employement for 60 million


people globally

350 Million Jobs in Fishing,


Aquaculture, Seaside and
Marine Tourism

Blue
Economy Employment to over 4 million
people in Europe & accounts
for 1.3 % of Europe’s GDP

Livelihood for over 820


million people globally.

Providing Jobs: Coastal Tourism,


Aquaculture, Blue Energy, Blue
Biotechnology & Seabed Mining

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Identifying Gaps and Filling Them: Addressing the Challenges in the Blue Economy:

Countries, including India, are facing challenges in aquaculture and blue biotechnology due to
administrative complexities, opaque licensing processes, difficulties in accessing space and water, and
meeting high-quality health and environmental standards.
The pursuit of blue growth necessitates a workforce of qualified professionals. However, sectors are
grappling with hiring issues due to the need for generational renewal in some areas (like fisheries) and the
emergence of highly innovative technologies, leading to a greater demand for specialized workers in fields
such as aquaculture, shipbuilding and marine biotechnology.
Despite the significant potential of Blue Economy job expansion for India and other countries, the threat
of climate change looms.
More frequent and severe storms causing coastal erosion have the potential to devastate fisheries, coastal
flora and tourist-frequented beaches. The warming and acidification of oceans also imperil species crucial
for sustenance and livelihoods in communities.

Aquaculture

MOST
Critical
Sectors

Blue
Biotechnology

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Skilling Gaps in Mega Projects Initiated by the Indian Government:

Within this section, we have outlined key initiatives launched by the Government of India under diverse
overarching schemes, alongside identifying skill gaps inherent to each project within the Blue Economy
sector.

Sagar-Mala Project:
Proficiencies encompass efficient port management and
operation, involving cargo handling, logistics coordination,
port security, vessel operations and maintenance.
Expertise in supply chain management, warehousing and
transportation strategies is vital.
Skillset demands encompass shipbuilding, repair, marine
engineering, maintenance of marine equipment and marine
fabrication.
Mastery in marine safety, executing search and rescue
operations, navigation competence, firefighting skills and
disaster management expertise are crucial.

Gati Shakti Initiative:


Navigational expertise and vessel operation proficiency are
indispensable for inland waterway navigation. This entails
familiarity with navigational charts, vessel handling and
maneuvering techniques tailored to waterway conditions.
Profound skills in vessel operations and maintenance are
paramount to ensuring the secure and efficient transportation
of cargo along waterways.
Effective management and upkeep of waterway infrastructure,
encompassing locks, dams, jetties and navigation channels
demand skills in infrastructure oversight, inspection, and
maintenance.
Proficiency in cargo handling, loading and unloading, strategic
stowage planning, along with aptitude in warehousing and
inventory management are essential to ensure seamless
operations and punctual delivery.

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Project Mausam:
Aptitude in historical research, archival study and precise
documentation methods.
Knowledge of preservation techniques, museum curation
practices, comprehension of heritage policies and adeptness in
community engagement, all contributing to the protection and
promotion of cultural heritage.
Proficiency in underwater archaeology, encompassing the skills
required for submerged archaeological exploration.
Mastery of GIS software and the ability to conduct spatial
analysis, enabling data visualization and the identification of
patterns and correlations.

National Offshore Sensor System:


Aptitude in Sensor Technology, involving the understanding
and operation of various sensing devices and instruments.
Proficiency in Data Analysis, encompassing the ability to
process and draw insights from complex data sets.
Expertise in Remote Sensing, utilizing technology to gather
information from a distance, often through satellite imagery or
other remote sensing platforms.
Competence in Communication and Networking, ensuring
seamless information exchange in marine environments.
Knowledge of Data Security and Cybersecurity practices,
crucial for safeguarding sensitive information in the digital
realm.
Proficiency in Marine Engineering and Installation, involving
the design, construction and installation of structures and
systems in marine environments.

National Command Control Communication and Intelligence Network:


In-depth Maritime Domain Knowledge, encompassing
comprehensive understanding of maritime operations,
regulations and protocols.
Proficiency in maritime communication protocols and
standards, including mastery of systems like Global Maritime
Distress and Safety System (GMDSS) and Automatic
Identification System (AIS).
Skills related to establishing and sustaining maritime domain
awareness, involving expertise in surveillance systems, tracking
technologies and real-time monitoring solutions.
Competence in vessel tracking systems, maritime traffic
management strategies and collision avoidance technologies,
10 essential for safe and efficient marine navigation.
National Automatic Identification System:
Proficiency in AIS system design, involving the capability to
develop and configure Automatic Identification System setups.
Expertise in analyzing and interpreting AIS data, enabling
meaningful insights and actionable conclusions.
Skills essential for the effective management and maintenance
of the AIS network, ensuring its continuous operation and
accuracy.
Proficiency in understanding and implementing regulations,
particularly those stipulated by the International Maritime
Organization (IMO), ensuring adherence to international
maritime standards and guidelines.

National Maritime Domain Awareness Project:

Proficiency in designing, executing and managing maritime


surveillance systems, involving the ability to create and oversee
advanced monitoring setups.
Expertise in maritime law enforcement, encompassing
comprehensive knowledge of maritime laws, regulations and
international conventions.
Skills related to interagency collaboration, coordination and
information sharing, crucial for fostering effective cooperation
and conducting successful joint operations between various
maritime entities.

Make in India:

Shipbuilding and Repair: Expertise in constructing and


restoring vessels, encompassing a wide range of shipbuilding
and repair techniques.
Naval Architecture: Proficiency in designing and engineering
maritime vessels, ensuring their functionality, safety, and
efficiency.
Maritime Safety and Quality Assurance: Skills relevant to
maintaining high safety standards and quality control
measures within the maritime domain.
Maritime Supply Chain Management: Competence in
managing the complex network of processes and resources
involved in the maritime supply chain, ensuring smooth
operations and efficient logistics.

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Digital India:

Proficiency in leveraging digital platforms and collaborative


tools, including project management software, communication
platforms and tools for seamless teamwork.
Skills in data analytics involving the ability to extract insights
and patterns from complex data sets to make informed
decisions.
Proficiency in cybersecurity, encompassing knowledge of
cybersecurity best practices, threat identification, incident
response strategies and secure coding techniques. These skills
are vital to safeguard digital infrastructure and systems.
Expertise in IoT (Internet of Things) and sensor technologies,
valuable for effectively integrating and leveraging digital
systems for enhanced functionality and data-driven insights.

3. Blue Economy and Underwater Domain Awareness (UDA):

Dr. (Cdr) Arnab Das, the Director and Founder of the Maritime Research Centre (MRC), presented five key
points derived from the concept of UDA during a workshop titled 'Blue Economy in the Bay of Bengal,'
hosted by The Bridge Tank in 2022. These five points are as follows:

Industrial Partnership User Guide: In India,


achieving the right ecosystem balance is a
challenge, often influenced by either excessive
politics or business influence.
Private Sector-Backed Blue Economy: The
public struggles to manage budgets, making
private sector involvement crucial for
advocating solutions. In order to improve
public sector coordination within the blue
economy sector, Dr. Das underlined the role
of private sector as a leader in partnership.
Embrace Diversity: The Bay of Bengal's uniqueness necessitates customized approaches. Foreign
technologies might not be suitable, highlighting the importance of inclusive partnerships. For instance,
foreign support should be managed by local organizations.
Address Financing Challenges: The consistent challenge of financing was a central theme, shared by Dr.
Das and fellow participants. MRC is exploring blue loans and acknowledges the need to raise funds
independently, without relying solely on government support.
Developing Sustainable Entrepreneurship: A pivotal focus for the blue economy sector should be creating
attractive and innovative pathways for sustainable entrepreneurship.

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4. Requirement of UDA Framework for an Enhanced Blue Economy:
Why is establishing a Sector Skill Council based on the Underwater Domain Awareness (UDA) Framework
essential for enhancing the Blue Economy?

With global attention shifting towards maritime domains and oceans for economic growth and climate
stability, the maritime commons are becoming the preferred trade routes, responsible for nearly 90% of
global trade. Efficient and sustainable transportation becomes a priority, while undersea resources present
significant economic and strategic prospects. These resources include both living and non-living elements,
bearing substantial economic and strategic importance. Addressing global challenges like food and energy
security can be accomplished by emphasizing ocean resources. Abundant rare earth elements lie beneath the
sea, carrying significant strategic potential. However, access and control over these resources often lead to
conflicts among global powers, necessitating increased maritime security. Nations are increasingly
maintaining naval presence in maritime commons, mirroring similar stakes in freshwater systems.

To institute effective governance, situational awareness is paramount. The Underwater Domain Awareness
(UDA) becomes a prerequisite for expanding understanding and application across various fields. UDA's
four key stakeholders are maritime security, the blue economy, environment and disaster management and
science and technology. Utilizing acoustic surveys via sonar becomes the primary method for generating
comprehensive UDA. However, the unique characteristics of tropical waters in the Indo-Pacific region pose
challenges, rendering conventional imported technology insignificant. Indigenous efforts are necessary to
bolster acoustic capacity in these waters. Furthermore, sharing underwater data should be done judiciously to
prevent unauthorized access.

Geopolitical dynamics have shifted towards the tropical littoral waters of the Indo-Pacific region. Off shore
powers maintain strategic presence by deploying military and research assets for UDA. The Indian Ocean
Region (IOR) is particularly vulnerable due to its socio-political and socio-economic landscape, including
security concerns like maritime terrorism and piracy. Regional maritime frameworks often lack coherence
with long-term national interests. The Government of India (GoI) has displayed a proactive stance towards
maritime opportunities, exemplified by the Security And Growth for All in the Region (SAGAR) vision of
the Indian Prime Minister in 2015. A number of megaprojects have been announced by the GoI to support
the SAGAR vision. It is important to note that these missions are independent efforts of the Indian
government. Sagarmala, Bharatmala, Gati Shakti, Jal Shakti Abhiyan, Start-up India, Skill India, Digital
India and many others are some of the initiatives which support the SAGAR vision. However, these
endeavors need skilled manpower on a larger scale.

Furthermore, a historic agreement was reached to protect the world's oceans, placing 30% of seas into
protected areas by 2030 under the UN's High Seas Treaty. In addition, deep sea mining, which is the practice
of obtaining minerals from the ocean floor, is one of the potential effects that the treaty seeks to guard
against. Environmental organizations are concerned about the potential consequences of mining, including
the disruption of sediments, noise pollution and the harm to spawning sites. After 38 hours of discussions, the
agreement was reached on March 4, 2023, in the evening, at UN headquarters in New York. Years of
negotiations have been stalled due to divergent views on funding and fishing rights. According to
environmental organizations, it will support sustainable development and help stop the loss of biodiversity.

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On February 11,2022, Prime Minister Narendra Modi pledged support for a binding international treaty
under the UN Convention on the Law of the Sea for the conservation of marine biological diversity beyond
national jurisdictions. At the One Ocean Summit, a coalition on BBNJ was formally created with the support
of world leaders such UK Prime Minister Boris Johnson, Canadian Prime Minister Justin Trudeau, and
Japanese Prime Minister Fumio Kishida, among others. PM Modi stressed New Delhi's commitment to
ending the use of single-use plastic during the international conference and invited France to start a global
initiative for the cause. In addition, PM Modi discussed India's dedication to protecting marine resources,
using the Indo-Pacific Oceans Initiative (IPOI) as an illustration.

It is worth noting that Government of India has set up a Steering Committee on Blue Economy under PM-
EAC and it has produced a national policy framework on Blue Economy, based on which the Ministry of
Earth Sciences is now preparing a formal policy on Blue Economy.

The Underwater Domain Awareness (UDA) Framework proposed by the Maritime Research Center (MRC)
complements the SAGAR vision, fostering collaboration and resource sharing among stakeholders. This
framework holds the potential to manage challenges and opportunities in tropical littoral waters amidst
current geopolitical realities. Enclosure-1 provides more details on the MRC's UDA framework proposal.

5. MRC's Proposal for Establishing a Sector Skill Council on UDA Framework to Enhance
the Blue Economy Sector:
The proposition entails the formation of a sector skill council based on the UDA framework, with a focus on
addressing the following concerns:

(a) Identification of Skilling Requirements: The council will determine the skilling necessities essential for
propelling the UDA framework, ensuring the realization of the SAGAR vision. Challenges and opportunities
essential to marine and freshwater systems require forward-looking skills, fortified by scientific
advancements. This comprehensive strategy will unify stakeholders. MRC identifies three pivotal domains:
Acoustic Survey, Artificial Intelligence (AI) & Robotics and Bio-technology & Bio-Sciences, collectively
catering to the UDA framework.

(b) Integration of Multidisciplinary Research: Effective skilling necessitates linking multi-disciplinary research
with traditional practices and local specificities. Establishing a Centre of Excellence (CoE) will tackle
emerging challenges and opportunities while maintaining deep-rooted connections to ground realities.

(c) Emphasis on Innovation: Vital to the broad-scale implementation of any concept is innovation.
Recognizing India's vastness and SAGAR's diversity, innovation becomes the primary driver. An incubation
center, bridging start-ups with new ideas, will catalyze growth. Encouraging entrepreneurship among the
youth is prioritized over job-seeking.

(d) Upgrading Academia: Aligning academic courses with evolving global dynamics and contemporary
knowledge and skills is paramount. Coordinating with universities to manage this transition is a role the
sector skill council will assume. The New Education Policy (NEP) provisions support this transition,
necessitating a well-structured approach.

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(e) Comprehensive Policy Bridging: Addressing policy gaps holistically requires a closed-loop mechanism that
incorporates stakeholders, policymakers and supporting entities like universities. The sector skill council
should unite industries, youth and the start-up ecosystem to bridge policy gaps, thereby reconciling skilling
deficiencies and disconnects in career opportunities.

(f) Optimized Training Centers: Streamlining and enhancing the quality of individual training centers
maintained by stakeholders and other entities are crucial. The sector skill council's role is to consolidate these
efforts, establishing regional centers tailored to stakeholders' specific needs while guiding future strategies.

Proposal by MRC to Enhance Blue Economy

Identification of Skilling
Requirements:

Integration of
Multidisciplinary Research

Emphasis on Innovation

Upgrading Academia

Comprehensive Policy
Bridging

Optimized Training
Centers

6. Moving Forward: Action Steps:

To fully realize the SAGAR vision, a substantial National Capacity & Capability Building initiative is
imperative. MRC has submitted a comprehensive report to NITI Aayog, which serves as the foundation for
formulating the national policy.

The proposed course of action for establishing the Sector Skill Council on the UDA framework not only
aims to address India's skilling needs but also serves as a diplomatic tool to engage neighboring countries in
the IOR and the broader Indo-Pacific region.

(a) Awareness Building: Primarily, sensitizing stakeholders and decision-makers across the spectrum about the
importance and potential of the sector skill council is crucial. This will involve conducting seminars,
workshops and round-table interactions. A structured plan for these engagements will be developed, with
MRC making detailed presentations to convey the initiative's significance. The Ministry of Skilling &
Entrepreneurship, in collaboration with NITI Aayog and relevant line ministries, will drive this proposal.
The awareness campaign will be initiated immediately.

(b) Involvement: Engagement must span various levels and entities. Initially, the Government might award
fellowships to students and young professionals to bolster the initiative's manpower for sustained growth.

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These fellows will be instrumental from the outset, facilitating accelerated expansion. Following initial
outreach, stakeholders and policymakers will be encouraged to sign MoUs with the core driving entity,
establishing the sector skill council. These MoUs will tailor to specific requirements and ensure the initiative's
longevity. They will enable structured interactions and resource allocation, fostering expertise. Engagement
will commence within six months of the awareness phase.

(c) Sustainability: The engagement phase's conclusion will witness the establishment of the Sector Skill
Council. This stage will formalize the foundational framework and craft a strategic vision document.
Approval of projects and action plans will ensure a steady influx of resources and manpower. The
sustainability phase will guarantee policy structuring, infrastructure development and consistent financial
and human resource inflows, thereby ensuring the initiative's enduring continuity. Policy adaptations and
seamless interplay among entities will manifest by the sustainability phase's conclusion.

7. Enclosure 1: Underwater Domain Awareness (UDA) Framework:


The Underwater Domain Awareness (UDA) Framework revolves around the notion of gaining insights into
the undersea environment within our maritime areas. From a security standpoint, this entails safeguarding
Sea Lines of Communication (SLOC), coastal waters, and diverse maritime assets against submarine
proliferation and mine capabilities designed to restrict sea and littoral access. However, the impetus for UDA
extends beyond military requirements. Understanding undersea geophysical activities bears relevance for
humanity's well-being, offering crucial clues to mitigate the impact of catastrophic natural disasters.
Commercial ventures in the undersea sphere demand precise information on resource availability for effective
and efficient exploration and exploitation, while regulators need data to manage sustainable plans. Given the
magnitude of both commercial and military activities, environmental repercussions are substantial.
Conservation initiatives necessitate accurate assessments of habitat degradation, species vulnerability, and
ecosystem status. Simultaneously, the scientific and research community must continuously engage to
enhance our understanding of the undersea realm. Figure 1 provides a comprehensive view of the UDA
concept. For all stakeholders, comprehending undersea developments, interpreting their significance, and
responding promptly is pivotal to preventing their transformation into events.

16 Comprehensive Perspective of Undersea Domain Awareness


The comprehensive perspective of UDA involves both horizontal and vertical dimensions. The horizontal
dimension encompasses technology, infrastructure, capacity and capability, tailored to stakeholder needs.
These stakeholders, illustrated by the four faces of the cube, possess distinct requirements while sharing the
core acoustic capacity and capability. Meanwhile, the vertical dimension signifies a hierarchical UDA
establishment. The foundational level involves sensing undersea threats, resources and activities. The
subsequent level interprets generated data to formulate security strategies, conservation plans and resource
utilization schemes. The subsequent level focuses on developing and overseeing regulatory frameworks at
local, national and global levels.

The above figure presents a comprehensive path for stakeholder engagement and interaction. Individual
cubes signify specific aspects warranting attention.

By configuring a User-Academia-Industry partnership that aligns with user needs, academic input and
industry involvement, a targeted and well-defined interactive framework emerges. This approach can
empower the UDA framework to tackle numerous contemporary national challenges. An essential element is
engaging Young India in Nation Building, offering a critical avenue for attention. Collaboration among
multi-disciplinary and multifunctional entities facilitates streamlined coordination towards overarching
objectives.

The UDA Framework, as jointly formulated by the Maritime Research Centre (MRC) and M/S NirDhwani
Technology Pvt Ltd (NDT), encompasses Policy, Technology & Innovation and Human Resource
Development. Further details are accessible on the MRC website at https://mrc.foundationforuda.in.

Enclosure 2: Key Stakeholders of the UDA Framework:


The UDA framework reaches out to a wide spectrum of Stakeholders across the marine and
freshwater systems.

(a) Sediment Classification


(i) Ensuring effective dredging for innumerable applications like maintaining navigable waterways,
water resource management in freshwater systems like lakes & reservoirs, and more
(ii) Study of siltation process for prevention
(iii) Disposal plan for the removed silt

(b) Port Management


(i) Security from underwater intrusion
(ii) Marine environmental monitoring
(iii) Ensuring navigational safety at all times
(iv) Marine eco-system monitoring for the formulation of the sustainable growth model

(c) Oil & Gas Industry


(i) Seismic survey
(ii) Security of offshore assets
(iii) Environmental impact assessment due to their activities
(iv) Aid to R&D
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(d) Inland Water Transport
(i) Navigational safety
(ii) Environmental impact assessment
(iii) Security
(iv) Surveys to optimally pack multiple activities

(e) Water Resource Management.


(i) Capacity building for storage dams
(ii) Ensuring the effectiveness of recharge systems
(iii) Effective de-siltation plan
(iv) Prevention of siltation

(f) Underwater Search and Recovery

(g) Shipping Industry has excessive use of acoustic surveys for almost every activity at sea.

(h) Undersea Mining has become very critical and acoustic survey is the first step.

(i) Hydrographic Surveys are critical for multiple applications in the maritime domain and the freshwater
systems.

(j) Acoustic Habitat Degradation could become the next big blue economic concern and needs effective
monitoring and mitigation.

The government today has announced multiple initiatives to support the SAGAR vision, including
Sagarmala, Bharatmala, Inland Water Transport, and more. These are all mega projects with massive fund
allocation. Adequately skilled human resources will be the key.

Role of Industry Connects:


Multiple industries will be relevant to take this domain forward. Technicians to data loggers, data analysts,
and research staff are multiple levels of opportunities that will be open to the participants. The following are
the clear job opportunities:

(a) Oil & Gas Industries and the supporting agencies will have a huge requirement for such trained people
(b) Undersea survey companies for mining and undersea mapping
(c) Governmental regulators in the maritime sector
(d) NGOs involved in marine environmental monitoring
(e) Consultants involved in Environmental Impact Assessment
(f) Irrigation departments across states and the supporting agencies
(g) Flood control department and supporting agencies
(h) Shipping industry and port authorities
(i) Scientific organizations and R&D groups
(j) Policymakers, think tanks, and more
(k) Maritime security agencies

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Job Description:

The domain is huge with substantial hierarchical opportunities. The entire program has been divided into five
levels:

(a) Technicians
(b) Deployment Crew
(c) Data Logger and Sample Handler
(d) Data Analyst and Sample Interpretation
(e) Research Staff and Policy Formulation

Enclosure 3: MRC’s Contribution Towards Digital Transformation for the Coastal


Communities and the Riverine Communities:

Key details on Khadakwasla Lake Experiment:

October 2017: Workshop on Modeling and Simulation (M&S) at Khadakwasla Lake for freshwater
management exercise.
Comprehensive approach showcasing policy, technical intervention and acoustic capacity development.
Participants: Ph.D. research scholars, postgraduates, undergraduates, and young professionals from
diverse stakeholders and research organizations.
Three-year study on Khadakwasla Lake involving underwater parameter mapping and model creation by
a Ph.D. scholar.
Field experiments validating work with four sonar types deployed (Side Scan Sonar, Single Beam Sonar,
Sub-Bottom Profiler and CTD Probe).
Opportunity for participants to deploy sonars, grasp operating mechanisms and perform data collection
and analysis.
Workshop funded by Bajaj Group's CSR activities, Maharashtra Government's research fund and
support from National Defence Academy and supplies and deployment of sonar almost free of cost by
The Unique Group.
All aspects of the workshop organised and carried out by MRC and NDT.
Attended by 25+ researchers from multiple academic and research institutes.
Part of field experimental validation for Ph.D. scholar's research and contributions from PG students and
interns at MRC over two years.
Data used by multiple scholars, students and interns for research purposes at MRC, setting a benchmark
in academic research.
Valuable insights from the experiment contributing to MRC's freshwater management research and
policy efforts.
Inputs serve to advance research for Digital Transformation and improved governance.

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UDA Summer School:
Annual UDA Summer School organized by MRC and NDT since 2017.
Six-week residential program focusing on building acoustic capacity and capability.
Diverse participants from various disciplines and backgrounds including college students, faculty, Ph.D.
aspirants, young professionals, stakeholders, policymakers, and defense professionals.
Individual projects assigned based on participants' discipline, location, and job role.
Event consists of two phases:
(i) First half in Mumbai or Pune with skill development and knowledge exchange in an academic setup
with industry experts.
(ii) Second half in Goa involving research institutes, industry members, and stakeholders like Navy or
Coast Guard.
UDA Summer School, spanning 2017 to 2019, trained 100+ participants from different stakeholders and
regions.
Over 30 resource persons from diverse fields and organizations shared expertise with participants.
Participants and resource persons act as brand ambassadors, spreading appreciation for the UDA
framework within their networks.

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Enclosure 4: MRC's Milestones in UDA Journey:

Policy Intervention:

Collaboration with the IMO: Presented innovative digital tool for monitoring underwater noise to IMO's
MEPC-76 in 2021. IMO designated India as IOR lead for underwater noise management, allocating $2
million.
Collaboration with UNESCO India: Proposed CoE for marine and freshwater biosphere reserve capacity
building, benefiting Africa and South Asia. Collaborated in events promoting UDA for sustainable
tropical water growth. The Ministry of Education & Skilling is processing the case and MRC has briefed
the UNESCO HQ in Paris and India’s permanent delegate for UNESCO in Paris on the same.
Collaboration with ISA: Partnered with ISA for global deep ocean mining capacity and capability
building. MRC/NDT has been recognized for promoting sustainable blue economy and digital
governance tools.
NITI Aayog Collaboration: Presented policy paper proposing nationwide acoustic capacity enhancement
to NITI Aayog. Tasked to provide roadmap and details, submitted report, now under circulation among
ministries.
Indian Navy Collaboration: Indian Navy discussed UDA framework in their Commander’s Conference.
Embarked on UDA implementation for strategic and tactical deployments.
The NSCS Collaboration: NSCS accepted policy paper on underwater security roadmap based on UDA
framework. MRC now recognized as domain expert and consulted on strategic security matters.
CBC Collaboration under PMO: Collaborating with Capacity Building Commission (CBC) under PMO
(Prime Minister’s Office) to design e-learning modules and outreach program for UDA framework
operationalization.
MEA Collaboration: MEA submitting proposal for UDA workshop in Indian Ocean Region (IOR).
UDA framework recognized as diplomatic tool for realizing SAGAR vision.
INCOIS Collaboration under MoES: Signed MoU with INCOIS, MoES, for progressing Digital Ocean
initiative. Recognizing data analytics abilities and supporting UNESCO Center of Excellence at INCOIS.
Sector Skill Council Proposal: Proposed sector skill council on underwater domain to enhance User-
Academia-Industry partnership, under deliberation at National Skill Development Council (NSDC).
MCCIA forwarded proposal, backed by FICCI.
Outreach to Key Stakeholders: Reached out to various stakeholders including state maritime boards,
Sagar Mala project stakeholders (Jawaharlal Nehru Port Authority, Cochin Port Authority, etc.),
Ministry of Water Resources, Indian Institute of Water Management, National Cyclone Risk
Management Board, etc. Building strong stakeholder community for underwater domain awareness
skilling.
Guidance from Union Ministry: Union Ministry of Ports, Shipping and Waterways (Sagarmala) reached
out to guide MRC on skilling center proposal for Underwater Studies, aligning with SAGAR vision.
Ministry directed MRC to contact Nodal Ministry on Sector Skill Council.

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At the Level of Technology Intervention:
Narwhal Challenge 2019: NDT won the Narwhal Challenge 2019 in France for their innovation in real-
time monitoring of underwater noise from shipping. Selected among four global teams.
Defence Technology Innovation Challenge 2021: NDT succeeded in the 2021 challenge, developing a
versatile digital technology tool for real-time submarine deployment in tropical waters, catering to
various platform requirements.
Spatiotemporal Noise Map: Collaborated with MoES for a research project to create a spatiotemporal
noise map, monitoring low-frequency underwater noise in IOR's tropical waters, aligning with India's
digital ocean initiative.
Startups and Educational Institutions: NDT generated 50 innovative ideas, nurtured by over 200 students
from IITs, BITS Pilani, etc., reaching proof-of-concept stage, ready to integrate into the startup
ecosystem.
Collaboration with BEL: Research partner with Bharat Electronics Ltd (BEL) for developing advanced
solutions in the defence sector, contributing to strategic security initiatives.
Indian Navy Collaboration: Evaluated and accepted three NDT projects for maritime surveillance, coastal
security and sub-surface target intelligence. Projects passed technical and operational assessments for
their innovative contributions.

Acoustic Capacity and Capability Building:


UDA Summer School: Since 2017, MRC/NDT's UDA Summer School offers a six-week project-based
internship. It's become a nationwide event with over 200 participants, including students, faculty, young
professionals and more. Participants engage in content-rich practical problem-solving. (Report: UDA
Summer School 2018)
Internship Programs: MRC/NDT also runs parallel Internship Programs for premier institute students
(IITs, BITS Pilani, etc.). Over 200 interns have participated, producing high-quality results. Ten have
transitioned to research fellows for extended periods.
AICTE Collaboration: Approached AICTE (All-India Council for Technical Education) for academic
recognition of capacity building efforts. In 2020, AICTE approved ten acoustic survey modules for
execution in affiliated institutions.
PMKVY Scheme Collaboration: Partnered with PMKVY (Pradhan Mantri Kaushal Vikas Yojna) for
recognition of skilling programs. Ten modules approved under PMKVY.
ISCE Collaboration: Collaborating with Indo-Swiss Center of Excellence (ISCE) for Skilling to roll out
underwater studies skilling programs. ISCE provides infrastructure and financial support.
Excel Industries Collaboration: Excel Industries Ltd supports the establishment of a Center of Excellence
on Blue Economy, backing UDA Research Fellows and sustainable blue economy field validation.
UDA Digest Platform: MRC/NDT established UDA Digest, a digital platform with 70+ articles to
sensitize a broader community to UDA's dimensions.
Research Repository: Over 100 research notes and reports contributed by interns and research scholars
cover various UDA aspects, representing policy, technology and interdisciplinary research.
Outreach Events: Conducted 100+ webinars, seminars, workshops, lecture series and interactions over
five years, sensitizing stakeholders, policymakers, students and researchers.
Regular Publications: Regularly publish on scientific and strategic platforms to raise UDA awareness.
Featured in Geopolitics Magazine, Sunday Guardian, National Dailies and local media outlets.

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Enclosure 5: MRC’s Recent Trip to Malvan for Understanding the Significance of Blue Economy:
As part of the four-workshop series which was organized by the Maritime Research Centre (MRC) in March
2023, a trip to Malvan in Maharashtra was planned to understand nuances of Underwater Domain
Awareness and its significance in enhancing the Blue Economy. Some of the images can be viewed as below.

23
AUTHORS

Nishtha Vishwakarma Dr. (Cdr) Arnab Das Ambassador Anup K Mudgal


Communications and Founder and Director of Former Indian High
Advocacy Lead, MRC MRC Commissioner to Mauritius, ;
Member of FICCI Task Force on
Blue Economy;
Member of Steering Committee on
Blue Economy under the PMEAC

Think
Blue
The Maritime Research Center (MRC) is a think tank dedicated to Underwater Domain Awareness* (UDA).

Focused on acoustic capacity and capability building for the tropical and littoral waters in the Indian Ocean
Region, MRC collaborates with stakeholders from Blue Economy, National Security, Marine Environment to
Science and Technology.

MRC’s Centers of Underwater Excellence molds tangible products, policies and human skills. Towards this,
MRC is guided by its holistic UDA framework which has been embraced by stakeholders nationally and
globally.

Join us to contribute in making our blue planet more safe, secure, sustainable and effectively explored.

Lets collaborate !!
Dr. (Cdr) Arnab Das
Founder and Director, MRC
+91-96650-33463
mrc.foundationforuda.in
24 director.mrc@foundationforuda.in

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