G3 Final Manuscript

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University of Perpetual Help System Laguna – JONELTA

Minante Uno, Cauayan City, Isabela
Basic Education Department
Senior High School
Beliefs of Parents Towards COVID 19 Vaccination Among Children
A Research
Presented to the
Faculty of Senior High School of the
University of Perpetual Help System Isabela Campus
In Partial Fulfillment
Of the Requirement for the Subject
Practical Research 1
By:
Birginias, John Raeben B.
Dela Peña, JV Stephen B.
Acupido, Princess Kyla B.
Eugenio, Kryztal Fate Joy S.
Tamayo, Alvienne A.
Totto, Arrheya Venish C.
March 2022
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RECOMMENDATION FOR ORAL EXAMINATION
This thesis entitled “Beliefs of Parents Toward COVID-19 Vaccination

Among Children” prepared and submitted by Arrheya Venish C. Totto, John Raeben B.
Birginias, JV Stephen B. Dela Pena, Kryztal Fate Joy S. Eugenio, Princess Kyla B. Acupido
in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the subject Practical Research 1 has been examined
and is recommended for Oral Examination.
_____________________________
Rhean Joy B. Acupido LPT., MaED
Adviser
APPROVAL BY THE PANEL OF EXAMINERS
Approved by the panel on Oral Examination with the grade of__________
(Meritissimus, Benemeritus, Meritus, Probatus)
Thesis Committee:
______________________________________________
Michelle B. Estillore, RN, LPT., MAN, MAEd.

Chairman
________________________________ _____________________________
Neriza P. Bustamante, LPT., MAEd. Jemer B. Andres LPT., MAEd.
Member Member
_____________________________ _____________________________
Rhean Joy B. Acupido, LPT., MAEd Arrah Lea P. Vidal, LPT.
Member Member
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FINAL APPROVAL
Accepted and approved in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the subject Practical
Research 1.
_____________________________________________
Michelle B. Estillore, RN, LPT., MAN., MAEd.

Principal, Basic Education Department
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
First and foremost, praises and thanks to the God, the Almighty, for His showers of
blessings throughout our research work to complete the research successfully.
We would like to express our deep and sincere gratitude to our research teachers, Ma’am
Arrah Lea P. Vidal, for giving us the opportunity to do research and providing invaluable
guidance throughout this research. Her dynamism, vision, sincerity and motivation have deeply
inspired us. She thought us the methodology to carry out the research and to present the research
works as clearly as possible. It was a great privilege and honor to work and study under her
guidance. We are extremely grateful what they have offered to us. We would also like to thank
her for her friendship, empathy, and great sense of humor.
We are extremely grateful to our parents for their love, prayers, caring and sacrifices for
educating and preparing us for our futures.
We would also like to say thanks to our research adviser, Ma'am Rhean Joy B. Acupido
for her guidance throughout this research. Her patience even on consultations on midnights and
also her motivations have deeply encouraged us.
We are also extending our thanks to our Research Editor, Sir Peejay O. Daranciang for his
support and kindness upon finalizing our research work by checking and editing the grammatical
errors and formats.
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DEDICATION
We are dedicating this research study to the people who have guide, supports, and
motivates us upon our stay to our school University of Perpetual Help System Laguna-Isabela
Campus Senior High School Level.
First and foremost, To God Almighty, our maker, our strong foundation, our source of
inspiration, wisdom, intelligence, and understanding, we dedicate this research. Throughout this
research, He has been our source of support, and we have only been able to fly on His wings.
Next, is to our Research Adviser and Editor, we will always appreciate all of the things
they have done for us, especially Sir Peejay O. Daranciang for helping us edit our research,
Ma’am Rhean Joy B. Acupido for hours of proofreading, and Ma’am Arrah Lea P. Vidal for
helping us to master the leader dots. Thank you for embedding in us a keen curiosity for
knowledge.
Lastly, we dedicate this study for our families and friends, as well. We owe a special debt
of gratitude to our devoted parents, whose words of support and insistence on perseverance still
echo in our ears. We sincerely extend our gratitude for supporting us throughout the process.
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THESIS ABSTRACT
Title: Beliefs of Parents Toward COVID-19 Vaccination Among

Children
Authors Arrheya Venish C. Totto, John Raeben B. Birginias, JV Stephen B.
Dela Pena, Kryztal Fate Joy S. Eugenio, Princess Kyla B. Acupido
Curriculum Senior High School
School University of Perpetual Help System - Laguna Isabela Campus
Academic Year 2020-2021
Adviser Rhean Joy B. Acupido
No. of Pages 121
This study aimed to determine the different beliefs of parents towards COVID-19
vaccination among children. This also aimed to determine an action plan based on the data that
were gathered. Results from this study can help inform future researchers about the actions
needed to advocate the importance of taking the covid-19 vaccine among children. The
researchers used qualitative case study in conducting this research.
The findings revealed that the beliefs of parents who are hesitant in vaccinating their child
are based on conspiracy theories, the vaccine's risk of death, beliefs they heard from other people
and their religion, the children's underdeveloped bodies, adverse effects of the vaccine, low trust
in vaccines, vaccine as disease trigger, vaccine doses, age impact, and the vaccine's effect to the
immune system. The researchers also made a mini infomercial based from the data gathered that
aims to advocate the importance of the vaccine. Keywords: Parents, Children, Beliefs, Vaccine,
COVID
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Title Page i
Recommendation for Oral Examination ii
Approval Sheet iii
Acknowledgement iv
Dedicaion v
Thesis Abstract vi
Tableof Contents vii
Chapter
1 THE PROBLEM AND ITS SETTING
Introduction………………………………………………………... 1
Theoretical/Conceptual Framework…………………………….…. 2
Operational Framework……………………………………………. 3
Statement of the Problem…………………………………………...5
Assumptions of the Study…………………………………………. 6
Scope and Delimitation……………………………………………..6
Significance of the Study…………………………………………... 7
Definition of Terms………………………………………………… 7
2 REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDY

State of the Art……………………………………………………... 10
Foreign Study……………………………………………….………10
Local Literature…………………………………………………… 13
Local Study………………………………………………………….14
Foreign Literature………………………………………………….. 15
Synthesis of the Study………………………………………………16
Gaps Bridged by the Present Study………………………………... 17
3 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
Research Design…………………………………………………….18
Sources of Data…………………………………………………….. 18
Participants of the Study…………………………………………… 18
Locale of the Study………………………………………………….19
Instrumentation and Validation……………………………………..19
Data Gathering Procedure…………………………………….. 20
Treatment and Analysis of Data…………………………………… 20
Ethical Considerations……………………………………………... 22
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4 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION………………………………………….. 23
5 SUMMARY OF FINDINGS, CONCLUSIONS, AND

RECOMMENDATIONS
Summary of Findings……………………………………………….61
Conclusions…………………………………………………………62
Recommendaions………………………………………………….. 63
References…………………………………………………………..64
Appendices
Appendix A: Letter to the Senior High School Coordinator and Authorities

Letter to the Participants
Appendix B: Interview Protocol
Appendix C: Verbatim Transcriptions and Coding
Appendix D: Curriculum Vita
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CHAPTER 1
THE PROBLEM AND ITS SETTING
Introduction
Vaccination is the most important factor to protect people from viral illnesses especially
this pandemic (Callender, 2016). With a lot of vaccine shots being given to the adults, children
are being left behind and are vulnerable against severe symptoms of covid-19. It also lowers the
success of achieving herd immunity (Walker, Owens, Head, & Zimet, 2021), Due to this, the
government is beginning to vaccinate children after successful Pfizer vaccination trials involving
children (Jenco, 2021). The vaccine is now being administered to children aged 5-12. What
concerns this is about the acceptance of the parents.
Parents are the ones responsible not only for their vaccination but also for their children's.
Parental hesitancy towards vaccination is in the top 10 global health threats that can have an
impact against covid vaccine uptake.(Walker, et al. 2021). A Department of Health memorandum
previously said the state can act as "parents patriae" or parent of the nation to give consent to a
child's inoculation even if a parent or guardian refuses. However, as per new DOH memo issued
on February 4, 2022, the provision has been "rescinded." Minors must have the consent of a
parent or guardian to be vaccinated against COVID-19, acting presidential spokesperson Cabinet
Secretary Karlo Nograles said on Tuesday, February 7, 2022. Children cannot decide for
themselves, even if they want to get vaccinated but their parents will not allow them to.
Campaigns involving vaccination for people below the age of 20 are progressing positively but
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for children aged 5-12, it is still "on-label" since physical immunity and strength for this age has
a big gap compared to the people with ages close to 20. (Pratico & Ruggieri, 2021).
Examples of the factors that promote parental hesitancy are the beliefs of parents towards
the vaccine, these things worry them about the safety of their children despite not confirming its
credibility. (Front. Public Health, 2021). But of course, no one can deny the harmful side-effects
of vaccines where most of the beliefs and rumors about the vaccine originated. Lives of their
children are also at stake which makes them hesitate toward the vaccination of their children
(Suran, 2021).
This study aimed to determine the different beliefs of parents towards covid vaccination
among children. This also aimed to determine an action plan based on the data tha t were
gathered. Results from this study can help inform future researchers about the actions needed to
advocate the importance of taking the covid-19 vaccine among children.
Theoretical Framework
The theory underpinning this study is the Health Belief Model (1950) developed by social
scientists at the U.S Public Health Service. This theory suggests that one's belief in a personal
threat of a disease or illness and one's belief in the efficiency of the recommended health
behavior or act will anticipate the probability that the person will adopt the behavior. This theory
is also used to promote positive factors for health and disease prevention programs. This is
composed of six constructs namely; perceived severity, perceived susceptibility, perceived
benefits, perceived barriers, cues to action, and self efficacy (LaMorte, 2019)
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The fourth construct; perceived barriers states that an individual's emotions or beliefs
become a hindrance in performing recommended health actions. This construct is connected to
the parents whose beliefs makes them hesitant to the acceptance of children's covid vaccination.
A cue to action is also important to trigger the health action which is children's vaccination.
(Ruggiero & Keidy, 2021)
An additional theory for this study is the Rational Choice Theory which states that people
assess the costs and benefits of options while making decisions. According to rational choice
theory, the perceived costs, risks, and benefits of certain acts can all be influenced by one's
personal preferences. These decisions might make no sense to other people but it does for the
ones making the decision (Nickerson, 2021).
Furthermore, the idea of this theory can be seen in the decisions of parents about their
children's vaccination due to their beliefs which might not make sense to others but it does for
them. Parents who also hesitates to vaccinate their child are weighing the risks of the vaccine's
side effects and the health of their children.
Operational Framework
The operational framework is anchored on the Health Belief Model (HBM) which states
that an individual’s beliefs about a certain health condition affects their behavior and decision-
making (Rural Health Information Hub, n.d.). This theory is made up of 6 constructs; perceived
severity, perceived susceptibility, perceived benefits, perceived barriers, cues to action, and self
efficacy.
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The construct; perceived barriers which cause individuals to avoid doing certain health
practices due to their beliefs or emotions. This describes the concept of vaccine hesitancy in
which vaccinating is a health practice and the reasons behind it are the barriers that prevent
parents from doing it which might be emotions, beliefs, historical reasons, or even rumors. The
concept of parental beliefs is also in line with the perceived barriers since it prevents parents to
vaccinate their child. The needed action in this pandemic is to vaccinate. A stimulus or an action
is needed to trigger the parent’s decision for vaccination which can be in the form of debunking
beliefs or giving the correct information. This concept is where the other construct of HBM
comes, which is the cues to action construct.
The “3 Cs” model, first proposed to the WHO EURO Vaccine Communications
Working Group in 2011, highlights three categories; complacency, convenience and confidence.
In the "3Cs" model, confidence means trust in the effectiveness and safety of the
vaccines; the system that provides them, the credibility and capability of health services and
health professionals and the motivation of policy makers who are in charge of the needed
vaccines are also included.
Vaccine complacency appears where risks of getting the diseases that the vaccine
prevents is low which causes vaccination to be deemed unnecessary. It is also influenced by a lot
of factors including health/life responsibilities which may be seen to be more important at a
certain time.
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Vaccination convenience is an important factor when physical and geographical
accessibility, understanding ability (language and health literacy) and appeal of immunization
affect uptake. The service quality which might be real or perceived and the degree to which
vaccination services are provided at a time and place and in a cultural context that is convenient
and comfortable could also affect the decision for vaccination which could lead to hesitancy
(McDonald & the SAGE WG on Vaccine Hesitancy, 2015).
The researchers primarily identified the participants’ underlying assumptions per schema
about the vaccine. Then, the researchers asked what are the participants’ beliefs about covid
vaccination among children. Finally, the researchers made a description and analysis of the
findings or interpretations shaped by their in-depth observations and interviews with the
participants.
Statement of the Problem
This qualitative study aimed to determine the beliefs of parents towards COVID 19
vaccination among children. Specifically, this research sought to find answers to the following
questions:
1. What are the beliefs of parents about covid-19 vaccinations among children?
2. What are the parents’ beliefs that cause their hesitancy in involving their children in the
vaccination program?
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3.Based on the results, what action plan can be made to advocate the importance of taking the
vaccine?
Assumptions of the Study
The researches based this study on the following assumptions:
1. Parents face hesitation upon allowing their child to be vaccinated because of the case of
Dengvaxia in the Philippines and their own personal beliefs about the vaccine.
2. The decision of the parent may have an impact on the child's safety.
3. The researchers will come up with a feasible action plan such as a mini-infomercial to
advocate the vaccination program.
4. The interviewees are truthful in their responses to the questions.
Scope and Delimitation
The study covered the beliefs of parents towards COVID 19 vaccination among children.
Participants were chosen on purpose based on the number of children they have. The primary
focus of this study was on parents with 2 unvaccinated children under the ages 5-12 years old.
Participants are the parents who are hesitant to let their children get vaccinated. Also, this study is
limited to five (5) parents who are living in the province of Isabela specifically Cauayan City,
municipality of Cabatuan, San Mateo and San Guillermo. The participants were chosen
regardless of their vaccination status.
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Significance of the study
The following group of people are the ones that this research will benefit:
This study will benefit the children the most due to the fact that their future safety and
protection from the covid-19 pandemic depends on the parental acceptance of their vaccination.
This study will also help the parents who are having a hard time deciding whether to let
their children have the vaccine. This will also give them a signal to reconsider their decisions
regarding their children's vaccination.
This study may guide the Department of Health about other strategies they can use to
spread the accurate information regarding vaccines to lessen false rumors or beliefs about the
covid-19 vaccine.
The front liners will also benefit from this study since it increases the chance of
vaccination and more vaccinated people means higher protection from the covid-19 and closer to
the achievement of herd immunity and eradication of the virus.
The findings of this research may also help the future researchers as it may provide
them a foundation and may also encourage them to conduct a similar study in the future.
Definition of terms
The following terms are further defined either operationally or conceptually:
Advocate. to express one's support for a plan of action or a concept.

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Beliefs. Something that is based on tradition, experiences, scientific research or a combination of
these in line with the COVID 19 vaccination. It also includes the health beliefs of the
participants.
Children. From birth to adulthood, boys or girls, or a son or daughter of any age. In this study
children means a child aged 5-12 years old.
Constructs. to construct something or bring together several elements to make a complete.
COVID 19 Vaccination. Taking the vaccine against COVID 19. In this study, this is where the
hesitancy of the parents is directed.
Cues to Action. This is the stimulant that starts a person's decision-making process to engage in
a recommended health action which can be internal (body pains) or external (advice, articles,
newspapers).
Herd Immunity. It happens when a large number of people(the herd) becomes immune to a
disease. (Mayo Clinic., 2021)
Hesitant. not doing something immediately due to various reasons. Operationally this is one of
the criterions in selecting the participants.
Perceived Barriers. A certain barrier prevents a person from engaging in a recommended health
action which leads to a risk or benefit situation. The person weighs the efficiency of an action, it
might be harmful, time wasting, or inconvenient.
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Participants. A person who answers questions for information. Operationally, these are the
parents(either mother or father) with 2 unvaccinated children below 13 years old.
Vaccine hesitancy. Refers to delay in acceptance or refusal of vaccination despite availability of
vaccination services (MacDonald 2015, Sage working Group). In this study Vaccine hesitancy
refers to delay in acceptance or refusal of the parents towards the COVID 19 vaccination despite
the availability of vaccination services.
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CHAPTER 2
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
State of the Art
This is chapter reviews the related literature and studies which supports and give
credibility to the study presented by the researchers. The researchers listed 4 related topics around
the research problem and decided what topics will be referenced to a local study, local literature,
foreign study, and foreign literature. In the latter part, these literature and studies were
synthesized to further strengthen the research. A research gap that is bridged by the study will be
the closing part of this chapter
Foreign Study
Parenting
The foundation of personality starts at a young age which is mostly influenced by parents.
One of the influences is parental decision wherein parents decide whether to accept or reject
factors that will affect their child since children are too young to make complex decisions. The
response of parents whether it is a reject or accept will always have an impact on their child's
emotional and mental growth since it talks about what the child should experience which can be
either a positive or negative growth (Calderon, 2018). An example is when a doctor asks for
parental consent about their child's medical operation (Diekma, 2018).

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Parenting is a thing that has a lot of responsibilities. You are obligated to focus on your
child's well-being from the moment the child is born until your death. It isn't easy as you have to
balance your mind and emotions. It also gets harder when they turn into a teenager where a lot of
changes happen physically, emotionally, and mentally and sometimes you agree or disagree with
each other's choice leading to a fight, with that it is safe to believe that the best form of parenting
style is democratic where you come to an understanding with your child with them still having to
follow the basic rules you set (Hendricks, 2017)
Parenting might be hard but it has a lot of benefits if done right. Rather than punishing the
child for bad behavior, you focus on developing it positively. This method has the advantage of
allowing you to focus on desired behaviors at any time, not only when the child misbehaves.
Furthermore, positive parenting causes the child to have a high self-esteem, better
communication abilities, better decision-making, and a great bond with parents. Studies also
show that positive parenting can prevent childhood depression and mental health issues at
adulthood which can be passed on to their children (Royal St. George's College n.d.)
Vaccine Hesitancy
People's willingness to accept vaccination is an outcome of a complex decision making
process that may be affected in various ways. Vaccination is accepted by the vast majority of the
world's population, but some people refuse some vaccines while accepting others, while others
delay vaccination or accept vaccination but are unsure about doing so. As a result, vaccine
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hesitancy is defined as a continuum between those who accept all vaccines with no reservations
and those who refuse to vaccinate at all (McDonald 2015, Sage work group).
'Vaccine hesitancy' was already a growing problem prior to the COVID-19 pandemic,
which was a major public health issue (McDonald 2015). According to WHO EURO Working
Group on Vaccine Communication (2011) there's "3 Cs" model of hesitancy which are
confidence, complacency, and convenience.
As part of the "3 Cs" model, confidence is defined as trust in vaccine efficacy and safety;
the reliability and competence of health care providers; and the motivations of policymakers who
choose vaccines that are necessary.
Complacency in vaccination occurs when the risk of vaccine-preventable diseases is low
and vaccination is not considered a necessary preventative action. As a result of a variety of
factors, including the importance of other life and health concerns at the time, people can become
complacent about a particular vaccine or vaccinations in general. In the event that an
immunization program is successful, it may lead to complacency and, ultimately, hesitancy, as
people weigh the risks of vaccination against the risks of contracting the disease that the vaccine
is designed to prevent.
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Vaccination convenience Is a significant factor in determining uptake when it comes to
physical accessibility, affordability and willingness to pay, geographical accessibility, ability to
understand (language and health literacy), and appeal of immunization services.
For vaccine uptake (especially against COVID-19) to succeed, we must know whether
people are willing to be vaccinated, the reasons why they're willing or unwilling, and the
information they rely on most. This research was carried out by Solis Arce et al. (2021) between
June 2020 and January 2021 across 15 studies in Africa, South Asia, Latin America, Russia, and
the United States using the same set of survey items.
Local Literature
Covid Vaccination
"Every person deserves the right to choose which brand of vaccine he or she will get for
protection." As Cordero (2021) stated. Human freedom should not be infringed upon by
government officials implementing the COVID-19 vaccination program, as the author correctly
points out. Governments must play a key role in procuring and distributing the COVID-19
vaccines in order to build public trust and achieve herd immunity.
A recent bill in the Philippines, known as the "Mandatory COVID-19 Immunization Act
of 2021," alarmed the public because it mandated that all Filipinos receive the vaccine for free at
any government hospital or health center, except for those who were deemed unfit due to medical
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reasons. This bill is too early to pass because of the uncertainties and vulnerabilities of the
Philippines' COVID-19 vaccination program (Cardenas, 2021).
Even prior to COVID-19, vaccine confidence and uptake was already declining in many
parts of the world—including the Philippines. Various factors could be influencing this trend,
such as anti-vaccine campaigns based on disproved studies linking vaccines to autism spectrum
disorder, or on suspicions over corrupt schemes of pharmaceutical companies. In the Philippines,
the controversy surrounding Dengvaxia, Sanofi's dengue vaccine, that flared-up in 2017 has
certainly impacted the population's trust in vaccines, and is likely to affect the country's COVID-
19 vaccination prospects (Mendoza, Dayrit, Alfonso and Ong 2021).
Local Study
Vaccine Hesitancy in the Philippines
Historically, the Philippines was one of the countries with generally high vaccine
confidence rates. (Larson, Hartigan-Go, de Figueiredo) However, since the dengue vaccine
controversy in 2017, confidence levels have gone down, affecting subsequent vaccination efforts
such as the COVID-19 vaccination campaign. In the Philippines, it has been suggested that recent
events surrounding the dengue vaccine Dengvaxia® have contributed to a decrease in vaccine
confidence. (Montemayor & Department of Health, 2019).
Beginning in late 2017, the Dengvaxia® issue was widely publicized in all forms of
media in the Philippines, and three-quarters of study participants who reported hearing negative
information about vaccines also reported hearing negative information about Dengvaxia®. The
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majority of the media information was reported on Internet news sites, newspapers, and social
media, and included reports of adverse events occurring during or after the vaccination campaign,
including official statements on fatalities and growing distrust of the vaccine. (Tomacruz,
Punzalan, Geronimo, and Aurelio, 2019)
Vaccine hesitancy endangers both individuals and public health. Individual, interpersonal,
and/or structural barriers to COVID-19 vaccination may all interact to influence decisions.
Individual perceptions play a significant role in the decision to vaccinate, and these perceptions
are shaped by exposure to (mis)information amplified by the media, community, and health
system. Vaccine brand hesitancy and misinformation are common in the Philippines, owing to
their rapid spread via social media and sensationalism in traditional media(Amit, Pepito,
Tanchanco, & Dayrit, 2021).
Foreign Literature
Parental Beliefs
Beliefs are what people tend to believe is true with a conviction. Even in the scenario that
their beliefs are debunked, they still maintain their beliefs due to the fact there are still logical or
attractive explanations supporting it. Learning how beliefs form and how they underpin frequent
attitudes and behaviors is necessary due to the fact that it can help people understand social
phenomena such as prejudice, inequality, violent behaviors, formation of impressions, obedience
to authority, and group decision making, in other words, beliefs are the most fundamental form of
social knowledge in general (Anonymous, 2016).
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Parental beliefs are the sources of influence in a child's development, parents themselves,
and their relationships. Psychological studies have concluded that parental beliefs are the things
that guide parents in their decisions towards their children, that beliefs control parents' actions not
just with their children but also in the community. This also implies that the world is organized
by beliefs and it helps individuals to cope with it. Beliefs provide a mechanism for developing
behaviors that may later alter a child's social and cognitive development in response to parental
demands for information and decision-making. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all
rights reserved) Lisi, M. D., Ann, V., & Sigel, I. E. (1995). Parental beliefs.
A concrete example of parental beliefs are the toxic beliefs within a family. These beliefs
are planted within a child's mind then later on grow and pass it to the next generation. Beliefs like
"Children should respect their parents no matter what", "There are only two ways to do things –
my way and the wrong way", and "Children should be seen but not heard. It's wrong for children
to be mad at their parents". Children blindly follow these beliefs since they don't want to be a
traitor to their own family due to disobedience (Kos, 2017).
Synthesis of Reviewed Related Literature and Study
In accordance with the foreign study, parents are responsible for their child's well-being
from their birth till the parent's death which puts on heavy responsibilities on the parent's side
that they must fulfill throughout their life. The local literature says that the credibility of covid
vaccines in the Philippines aren't increasing due to the anti vaccine campaigns, corruptions
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caused by vaccines and the history of Dengvaxia. These factors are making the parents hesitant to
vaccinate their children since their well-being is at stake.
The local study states that misinformation is common in the Philippines and it spreads fast
in social media. Fatalities of vaccines are also found in social media like Dengvaxia. It also states
that the Philippines was one of the countries with high vaccine confidence but it decreased due to
Dengvaxia. In the foreign literature, beliefs are what people believe to be true. It is formed due to
an experience of people and the mass beliefs which affect decision making of parents. Even if
beliefs are debunked, people still believe in it due to a logical or attractive reason behind it.
Putting things together, misinformation that is common in the Philippines and the fatalities of
Dengvaxia greatly affects the beliefs formed in the covid-19 vaccine.
Gaps Bridged by the Present Study
Although numerous studies are about adults' belief and hesitancy towards covid vaccines,
this study is focused specifically in the part of children whose parents have beliefs which causes
their hesitancy toward their child's vaccination. Covid vaccination for children aged 5-12 years
old was also approved by the government recently and this study is one of the first ones to be
conducted after the legalization. Therefore this study attempted to address this gap by focusing
on the parent's beliefs of vaccination towards their children not towards themselves.
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CHAPTER 3
RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODOLOGY
Research Design
The researchers applied the qualitative case study to understand the beliefs and attitudes
of parents toward children's vaccination. In accordance with the report of Cherry (2021) a case
study is a detailed investigation of a single person, organization, or an event. A case study
examines practically every aspect of a person's life and background in order to seek patterns and
cause of behavior. The majority of qualitative methods are employed in case study research, but
quantitative approaches are occasionally used as well. Case studies can be used to describe,
compare, evaluate, and comprehend various elements of a study subject (McCombes 2019). The
researchers used this type of research because they want to understand the beliefs of parents
towards covid vaccination among children.
Sources of Data
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Data are information or facts used to decide or solve the research problems (University of
Leeds, 2022). The sources of data in this research are primary and secondary data. The
primary data are the participant’s answers who are the parents. The secondary data are related
literature and studies like literature and studies published online like articles, past research, and
journals. These data were taken in order to understand and answer the problems of the research.
Participants of the Study
The participants were selected using criterion sampling. Criterion sampling involves
selecting cases that meets the criterion that a study needs. In criterion research, the researcher
first determines which criteria are crucial to the study. The researcher seeks out those who have
that information and investigates the situations that satisfy the requirements. Participants are
chosen based on their expertise with the topic of interest, and hence their ability to offer
information (Patton, 2001, p.238 cited by Crabtree, 2006).
The participants consisted of 5 parents in Isabela who have two(2) unvaccinated children
ages 5-12 years old. The participants are the parents who are hesitant in involving their children
in the vaccination program. The participants were chosen regardless of their vaccination status.
Locale of the Study
This study will be conducted in:
Cauayan City, Isabela

San Mateo, Isabela
San Guillermo, Isabela
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Instrumentation and Validation
This study was done through semi-structured interviews towards the participants via
online platforms. The researchers used unstructured questionnaires to obtain detailed beliefs of
parents who are hesitant to have their children vaccinated. The questionnaire was validated by the
experts (2 experts from the field of the study, 1 expert in research, 1 in language). The data
gathered helped the researchers to investigate and clarify the facts and myths in order to broaden
their understanding of the question that the researchers will generate.
Data Gathering Procedure
The interviews that were used in this study are the primary method of data collection. The
researchers in this study explored the parents' beliefs about COVID vaccinations for their
children. In order to gather information, the researchers requested permission to conduct the
study to the authorities, to the Principal of Basic Education and to the target participants. Then,
the researchers conducted online conferencing with parents who have two (2) unvaccinated
children under thirteen years old and asked them questions regarding their beliefs on the COVID
19 Vaccination. In preparation for polling participants, the unstructured questions that were used
by the researchers were developed and validated by research experts. Follow-up questions were
necessary to gain more data.
Treatment and Analysis of Data
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The researchers used thematic coding. Braun and Clarke (2006) define the phases of
theme analysis, which allow for a systematic manner of perceiving as well as the processing of
qualitative data through "coding." The following are the phases of the theme analysis that were
used in the current study (Braun & Clarke, 2006):
1. Data familiarization: this step involves transcribing the data, reading and re-reading the data,
and noting down the initial ideas. Major ideas were highlighted and written down for each
transcript.
2. Generating initial code: “Coding interesting features of the data in a systematic fashion
across the entire data set, collecting data relevant to each code” (Braun & Clarke, 2006, p. 87).
While translating and transcribing, features were coded as a small phrase or keyword
representing a specific idea. Memos were written down to keep track of the condensed
information.
3. Searching for themes across the data: “Collating codes into potential themes, gathering all
data relevant to each potential theme” (Braun & Clarke, 2006, p. 87). The data were read and re-
read, and the cycle was repeated several times to narrow down the number of codes and
categorize them into identifiable themes. The codes were then analyzed and grouped into four
central themes as stated in the next section.
4. Reviewing themes: “Checking if the themes work in relation to the coded extracts at the first
level and then the entire data set at the second level, generating a thematic map of the analysis”
(Braun & Clarke, 2006, p. 87). The complete interview data was read again to validate the codes.
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5. Producing the report: “The final analysis; selection of vivid, compelling extract examples,
the final analysis of selected extracts, relating to the analysis to their search question and
literature, producing a scholarly report of the analysis” (Braun & Clarke, 2006, p. 87). Several
vital statements/features representing the data were extracted to showcase the resulting outcomes
both as statements in the form of ideas and feelings, and visual representations were drawn using
interconnections between codes.
Ethical Considerations
It is important to consider ethical issues when drawing conclusions from the study,
particularly the need to notify and obtain permission from school administrators and participants.
As a safeguard for the participants' privacy, the participants asked them to sign a consent form
before recording the interview. In addition, the written consent stated that he or she has the option
to withdraw from the study at any time. The data was treated also with utmost confidentiality.
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CHAPTER 4
PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA
This chapter presents the analyzed and interpreted data gathered by the researchers. The
data were analyzed with respect to the thematic analysis by Braun and Clarke.
First, the responses of the participants were translated into English then labeled with
codes that presented specific ideas, then themes were created out of the related codes. Then
themes were presented in a table with its supporting codes. Finally, themes were discussed with
the actual responses as a support and a literature review at the last part of each theme discussion.
Table 1
Beliefs of parents towards COVID-19 vaccination among children.
Theme 1: Vaccine as a Human Population Control
-Biological Weapon
-Decrease Human Population
-Micro Chips
-Causes Infertility
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-Shortens Lifespan
Theme 2: Vaccine as Government’s Medium of Manipulation
-Intentionally Made
-Cover Up Crime
-Made-up
-Business
-Vaccine is Also a Virus
-Profit
Theme 3: Vaccine's Issues
-Ineffective
-Rushed
-Rushed Development
-Doubt
-Questionable
-Not Immune
-Not Needed
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Theme 4: Risk of Death and Triggering Dormant Diseases
-Adverse Effects
-Side Effects
-Deadly
-Disease Trigger
-Existing Health Conditions
-Death
-Weaker Body
-New Diseases
-Allergies
-Future Effects
-Unknown Side Effects
Theme 5: Beliefs from External Sources
-Religion
-News Proofs
-Witnessed
-Proof from Others
Theme 6: The Participant’s Experiences
-Experiences
-Experienced
-None
Theme 7: Proof of Beliefs
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-Makes Sense
-Studied
-Observed
Table 2
Beliefs that make parents hesitate to vaccinate their children.
Theme 8: Not Physically Ready
-Not Ready
-Underdeveloped Body
-Weak Immune System
-Underdeveloped Immune System
-Immune System
-Not Physically Ready
Theme 9: Vaccine's Effect to Physical Health
-Existing Health Conditions
-Pneumonia
-Disease Trigger
-Weaker
-Weakened
-Body Pain
Theme 10: Low trust in COVID-19 Vaccines
-Not guaranteed
-High Doubt
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-Not Safe
-Risky
Theme 11: The Vaccine Weakens the Immune System
-Disease Trigger
-Prone
-Lowers Immune System
Theme 12: Vaccine Dose vs Body Strength
-Vaccine Strength
-Body Strength
-Dosage to age
Theme 13: Adverse Effects of the Vaccine
-Lowers Lifespan
-Death
-Side effects
-Severe Side Effects
-Multiple Side Effects
-Brain Damage
Theme 14: Beliefs Heard or Observed from External Factors
-Heard
-People’s Stories
-Observation
-Internet Influence
Theme 15: Permanent and Future Vaccine Effects

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-Unpredictable Effects
-Unexpected Effects
-Future Effects
-Third Dose
-Irreversible
Theme 16: Age Impact
-Age
-Aging
-Age Dependent
Theme 17: Things that Will Persuade the Parents
-Studies
-Safe
-Vaccination Campaign
-Facts
-Comparisons
Theme 18: Not Ready for Vaccination
-None Yet
-Waiting
-Still observing
1.Beliefs of Parents Toward COVID-19 Vaccination Among Children
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Theme 1: Vaccine as a Human Population Control. The participants say that the COVID-19
vaccine is a biological weapon used to control the number of human populations by shortening
their lifespans, making one person infertile, and implanting microchips in the human body.
Participant 1: Yun lang, parang biological weapon na ituturok sayo
( It’s like a biological weapon that will be injected to you)
Parang ang one point na bagsakan niya, ti decrease population sa mundo.
( It will make your immune system weak which falls into one purpose; to lessen the
world's population.)
Kung di man totally agad agad mamatay kung malakas yung immune system ng tao
parang ishshorten niya yung life mo.
(If not instant death due to your high immune system, then it will just shorten your
lifespan)
Participant 2: May mga nilalagay na microchip para malaman nila, parang namomonitor
nila kung nasaan ka ganon
(There are microchips placed which monitors your location)
Participant 3: And then nakakabaog daw ang bakuna
(They say it makes you infertile)
According to the World Population Data Sheet, the global population is expected to reach
9.9 billion people by 2050, an increase from its current level of 7.3 billion (2020). As of today,
this level represents an increase of more than 25% over the value predicted for the year 2020. A
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great deal of incorrect information has been disseminated about the two most widely used
COVID-19 vaccines. It is one of these that has been the subject of speculation for quite some
time: vaccination as a method of population control.
One of these came from Brigadier-General Mohammdreza Naghdi who quoted on the
Iranian Students News Agency that the world's population must be reduced by 20%, according to
those who own coronavirus vaccine companies. Increasing deaths is the only way to reduce.
Vaccine manipulation and contamination have been proven (Maryam Sinaiee, 2021).
Rumors abound regarding the vaccine being introduced in Africa; some claim it is being
used to reduce the population. Nevertheless, the vaccine is not being introduced in Africa for the
purpose of population control according to Dr. Josh Lesko, lead policy analyst at Brief19 (Amber
Strong, 2020). Many medical professionals and academics spoke out in defense of the practice.
Theme 2: Vaccine as Government’s Medium of Manipulation. According to the participants,
the government is the one behind everything that is happening in this pandemic by using it as a
way to gain money and lessen the population.
Participant 1: . Parang sinadya siyang gawin para ma shorten yung tao sa mundo, ganon
( The vaccine was just made to shorten the world’s population)
Yun kasing disease, hindi siya mapapatunayan as crime, kasi nga sakit siya,
parang ganon
(Death from a disease won’t be considered as a crime because it’s a disease)
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Tapos bigla silang mag crcreate ng parang pang market na din ng mga vaccine.
Parang counterpart na din ng pagkamatay nung mga tao. Parang proof ng government na
“ay tutulong kami” pero sa totoo lang sila yung gumawa ng virus tas sila din gagawa nung
vaccine.
(Then they wil create a market for the vaccine. It’s like a counterpart of the death of the
people. It’s like the government is saying they’ll help as a proof but the truth is they’re the
one who made the virus as well as the vaccine.)
Participant 5: Kasla ar aramid lang sa mut ti tao dijayun, nu maminsan mamati ka nu
maminsan kasla haan ka mut mamatin
(It’s like it was just made up by people, sometimes you believe it, sometimes you don’t)
Ay pagperperaan dan kin pagkukwaan dajay population
( They make money and things out of it)
Yung sinasabi nila na yung COVID-19 vaccination ay virus din daw yun na isasaksak sa
atin.
(They say that the COVID-19 vaccination is also a virus that will be injected to you)
Politicians' words aren't always taken seriously by many of us. We have a sneaking
suspicion that they keep the bad news under wraps while exaggerating the good. It's possible to
argue that we want them to lie, in order to portray our future in a more positive light than it
actually is. "We Want Promises," read a sign in Paris in May 1968. Someone in politics might
say that things will get worse and that there isn't much that can be done to prevent them. He or
she would have a hard time getting elected. This is what is known as an equilibrium in game
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theory: As long as we want politicians to lie, they'll do just that. On the other hand, politicians
may misinform us not because they want to manipulate us, but because they themselves have
delusional beliefs.
There are so many things that the government uses to manipulate its people. One of these
is the 'No Vaccine, No Entry' policy at some establishments especially in Tacloban Samar and the
'No Vaccine, No Ride' policy of the LGU. Private companies and establishments have
complained that they need proof of COVID-19 vaccination before allowing employees to enter
their facilities. The Department of Labor and Employment (DOLE) issued Labor Advisory No. 3,
Series of 2021, or guidelines on the administration of COVID 19 Vaccines in the workplace. The
Advisory states that covered establishments and employers must adopt and implement
appropriate vaccination policies in accordance with existing laws, rules, and regulations. They
may also obtain COVID 19 vaccines, supplies, and other services from appropriate government
agencies, and may store, transport, and administer COVID 19 vaccines. Workplace vaccination is
free.
Theme 3: Vaccine's Issues. The vaccine is questionable,because it was developed quickly and
the participants are doubting its effectiveness and safety.
Participant 3: Ahh kasi hindi sya ligtas, hindi kailangan yung bakuna hindi
effective,ummm mas malala yong side effects pag nabakunahan na ng COVID-19
vaccine
(The vaccine isn’t safe, you don’t need it and it’s not effective. The side effects will be
worse after getting vaccinated)

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Na,hindi na kailangan magpavaccine hindi na natin kailangan mag COVID-19 vaccine.
(The vaccine isn’t safe, you don’t need it and it’s not effective. )
Participant 4: Oh diba kasi crineate lang nila yung vaccine in just a short period of time
so ibig sabihin yung mga ibang possibilities na pwedeng maging side effect ng vaccine
( It was just made in a short period of time which means it has a possibility of side
effects)
Participant 5: nu maminsan mamati ka nu maminsan kasla haan ka mut mamatin
(Sometimes you believe it, sometimes you don’t.)
Participant 4: Ikaw ba naman gagawa ka ng vaccine na ano pang apurahan eh kung
tutuusin yung mga ganyang bagay kailangang pinag aaralanyan nang matagal.
oh saan lang sila na ano ng example sa mga animals yata…sa mouse ba yon? Oh hindi
naman yun mismong taong ano, iba pa rin naman yung katawan ng tao sa katawan ng
hayop.
(Imagine making a rushed vaccine. Those things should be studied for a long time.
Imagine using a mouse to test it, that's not a human's body.)
Participant 2: so don ako hindi naniwala na sabi nila na nakapag nagpavaccine ka na
hindi ka na matatamaan
( That’s where I don’t believe in, that you will be fully immune once you get vaccinated)
COVID-19 vaccines that are effective and safe have been developed at an unprecedented
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rate to control the virus's spread and prevent hospitalizations and deaths. However, vaccine
hesitancy and anti-vaccination sentiments, a global shortage of vaccine supply, and inequitable
vaccine distribution, particularly among low- and middle-income countries such as the
Philippines, all pose challenges to COVID-19 vaccine uptake. Concerns about the novelty, safety,
and potential side effects of the COVID-19 vaccine were among the reasons for people's
reluctance to receive it when it became available. Negative attitudes toward vaccines, as well as
uncertainty or refusal to receive vaccinations, are significant barriers to long-term COVID-19
pandemic management.
In the Philippines, vaccine confidence plummeted after the Dengue vaccine controversy.
This negative consequences are exacerbated by the highly politicized Dengvaxia controversy, in
which individuals, particularly parents of school-age children, believed that health institutions
and governments were conducting experiments on them (Dayrit et al., 2020). Vaccine brand
hesitancy is unique to the Philippine context, particularly with regard to Chinese-manufactured
vaccines and mRNA vaccines. This is due, in part, to a lack of transparency and scientific
information, which has spread through networks and the media. . Adding to the problem is how
some people attempt to correct misconceptions in a way that alienates people rather than
addressing misinformation. People involved in vaccine promotion activities, particularly primary
care providers, may require training in how to engage with vocal vaccine deniers and promote
vaccination (World Health Organization, 2017).
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Theme 4: Risk of Death and Triggering Dormant Diseases. The vaccine’s reaction to the
human body might trigger dormant diseases or result in an adverse effect.
Participant 2: the adverse effects of the vaccine
Participant 3: uhmm mas malala yong side effects pag nabakunahan na ng COVID-19
vaccine
(The side effects are worse after taking the vaccine.)
ang pinaka worst nakakamamatay lang yung ivavaccine
(and the worst, it is deadly)
Participant 4: Dahil daw sa vaccine parang nagigising yung... kum baga yung mga taong
may sakit na pero parang hindi nila masyadong nararamdaman, parang nagiging mas
active na yong sakit nila dahil daw sa vaccine.
(The vaccine causes the dormant diseases in a person to become active)
May mga may mga halos diba lagi noon nong kasagsagan ng covid tapos kasagsagan din
ng vaccine maraming namamatay.
(There were a lot of deaths during the surge of COVID-19 infection and vaccination.)
Parang mapanganib sya dun sa mga taong may mga sakit na,
( It’s dangerous to those people with existing health conditions.)
Oo, parang naniniwala ako sa mga ganon kasi nga yung nakikitamo naman, meron yung
diba nga meron yung napaka healthy nya ano lang yung sakit nya tapos nung ng vaccine
siya bigla siyang grumabe
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(I believe in those because I’ve seen it. Imagine a kid with a disease which isn’t so serious
but became severe after vaccination.)
Oh diba kasi crineate lang nila yung vaccine in just a short period of time so ibig sabihin
yung mga ibang possibilities na pwedeng maging side effect ng vaccine.
(The vaccine was just made in a short period of time which means it has a possibility of
side effects,)
Kasi mayron at mayrong side effect yon hindi man ngayon maybe after 2 years or what
(it will always have side effects, maybe not now but 2 years in the future.)
Participant 1: Ano, sabi nila e parang madali na sila mapagod, madaling magkasakit,
ganon ba. Parang biglaan sila nagkaroon ng sakit nagkaroon na lang bigla na wala naman
dati, katulad ng allergies na wala naman dati.
(They say they get easily tired, easily get sick, then they have sudden illnesses that they
haven’t had in the past like allergies.)
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has affected millions of people worldwide since
the World Health Organization declared it a global emergency in March 2019. Its clinical
spectrum ranges from asymptomatic disease to infection of the lower respiratory tract and an
uncontrolled inflammatory response, culminating in severe respiratory distress syndrome. As a
result, recent reports of effective and safe vaccines (Polack et al., 2020) were met with great
enthusiasm, followed by FDA and EMA emergency approvals. Nonetheless, COVID-19 vaccines
have raised a number of concerns about their reactogenicity, while much of the field remains
unexplored, particularly among patients with autoimmune diseases. The link between immune
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hyperactivity and excessive cytokine release, which leads to multiorgan failure and death in
COVID-19 patients, is well established. (Rodrigues & Brodin 2022) .
In accordance with recent restrictions, contraindications to COVID-19 vaccines includes:
people who have received vaccines and present with severe allergic reactions or people who have
had known allergy to any component of the vaccine, patients who have acute conditions which
are severe or uncontrollable, patients who have preexisting conditions, e.g. heart disease and
neurological disease which are aggravating or uncontrollable, people aged lower than 18,
pregnant women and Immunocompromised patients or HIV patients. Nevertheless, due to
vaccine limitations, not all vaccines are applicable to everyone. In addition, vaccines also pose a
wide variety of adverse reactions, ranging from mild to serious. Thus, special consideration and
recommendation made by expert specialists are required before being vaccinated.
Theme 5: Beliefs from External Sources. Beliefs are influenced by the religion, people around
the participants and the information they get from the internet.
Participant 2: Yong sinasabi kasi ni maam Yolly non na sa religion nila sinasabing may
microchip daw ang vaccine
(Just like what my co-teacher said, that their religion says vaccines has microchips.)
Participant 3: Uhmm,madami na kasing nababalita na namatay mula nong nabakuhan sila
(There’s a lot of news that people are dying after taking the vaccine.)
Participant 1: Parang ako hindi naman nangyari sakin kaya di ako maniniwala pero may
mga proof naman na nangyari sa ibang tao kaya maniniwala ka na ganon.
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(.It's like it didn't happen to me but there are proofs that it happened to others which
makes me believe it.)
Participant 5: Nagadu mut iti kwa imbes agita makit kita kasjay nagad addu ti anya nagan
agituyun, agijay biktima.
( There are a lot of victims)
The process through which people change their minds, modify their views, or change
their conduct as a result of social interactions with others is known as social influence. Many
self-organized phenomena, such as herding in cultural marketplaces, the transmission of ideas
and innovations, and the amplification of anxieties during epidemics, are influenced by social
impact in our highly interconnected world. The mechanisms of opinion creation, on the other
hand, are poorly known, and existing physics-based theories lack comprehensive empirical
validation (Moussaïd, Kammer, Analytis, & Neth, 2013).
Our opinions and attitudes are shaped by our experiences, environment, and even
heredity. These beliefs, in turn, shape our behavior and dictate what we do. Widely held beliefs
form part of our culture and, in many ways, shape the society in which we live.
Religion is most likely the oldest and most powerful belief system that has existed for
thousands of years. It is, in many ways, a code of conduct, a set of rules that permits believers to
live in a non-primitive or cultured manner. Religion was created in the beginning to help people
form social bonds. Religious rituals are also seen to be adaptive, having evolved to maintain
survival and reproductive advantages through gene selection or gene-culture coevolution
dynamics (Vajpayee, 2016).
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Theme 6: The Participant’s Experiences. What the participants experienced in their
vaccination and things regarding the vaccine and pandemic influences their beliefs.
Participant 2: Noong first dose ko hindi naman natamaan noon pero may nagpositive kasi
dito sa school namin, naramdaman ko pa rin yung symptoms.
(after my first dose, someone in our school got the virus and I still felt the symptoms but
only mild ones.)
Participant 4: Sa ngayon wala pang vaccine dose ko na wala akong side effect na
narmadaman
(For now there’s no vaccine dose of me where I didn’t feel any side effects.)
Participant 5: Kasla ajay kuma kinni tatay kasi agsaksakit nga nabayag
(Just like tatay when he is sick)
Researchers found that people's past experiences has an impact on our thinking patterns
which affects on how people decide when faced with a complex information. The brain must
evaluate and assign meaning to intrinsically ambiguous sensory input in order to choose a
successful course of action; this ability is critical for human survival! This capacity is especially
important when responding and acting in response to visual cues that are quite similar. This is
what happens when you're trying to identify pals in a crowd or distinguish a tumor from healthy
tissue on a medical scan (Spiegel T., 2017).
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The goal of the decision-making study is to gain a better understanding of how humans
process various options and choose a course of action. The perception of the problem and/or the
assignment of responsibility by the resolution to the decision-maker. The decision-maker is the
person or group in charge of dealing with the situation at hand, and as a result, some fundamental
variables associated with them influence how the choice is made. The solution of the decision-
making process is determined by the number of decision-makers, as well as the quality and
personal preferences (Spiegel, 2011).
Theme 7: Proof of Beliefs. The participants have reasons and things that make sense involving
their beliefs which makes them believe in it like their observations, common sense, and the things
they watch.
Participant 1: Sabi nga nila, “kung walang sunog walang usok”. Parang wala naman kasi
yung mga pinanonood may mga proof naman.
( Just like what they say, if there's no fire then there's no smoke. It is because those things
I've watched have proof.)
Participant 2: Hindi ko narinig pero naobserve ko lang, Yung bata Dito sa kapitbahay
parang kabilis niya hingalin pag naglalaro, di tulad non mga ilang takbo pa bago
hingalin.
(just observed it, the child in our neighborhood, he quickly gets tired not like before
where he gets to run a lot of time before he starts catching his breath.)
Participant 4: may mga pag aaral din talaga na sinasabing di dapat same ang doses ng
mga bata sa adults when it comes to medicines.
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(There are studies that backs up the fact that children shouldn’t get the same medicine
doses as adults when it comes to medicines.)
Even though most individuals are unable to conduct tests to verify the truth for themselves,
scientific knowledge has become a significant source of universal, driving conviction for people.
Many scientific ideas, such as that the earth is a sphere, have become universally accepted as a
result of the advancement of scientific knowledge in the modern world. Science has practically
supplanted religion as the preeminent source of truth authority, resulting in a fierce battle for
control of that authority. Nonetheless, such authority coexists with other sources of authority,
such as national and international religious, civic, scientific, and organizational institutions (the
UN, the Government, the International Maritime Organization, the Pope, the US President). The
ideological conflicts.
Those that hold similar views will learn to believe in similar acts that are in their best
interests. They will become socially linked as a result of their common views and actions. This is
what gives humans their collective mentality, whether it's familial, racial, cultural, religious, or
interest group mentality. It manifests itself in a variety of group identities: some profound, such
as adherents of great faiths, subjects of states, and employees of companies; others, such as
scientists or actors, are based on a commonality of philosophy and practice. When those ideas
clash, when groups are geographically close together, or when group memberships overlap, the
stage is set for conflict. We are tied to individuals who share our interests, just as we are to those
who share our fears. Just as we are attached to individuals who share our values, while those who
disagree with us isolate us and make us feel threatened (Harding, 2017).
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2.Beliefs that make parents hesitate to vaccinate their children.
Theme 8: Not Physically Ready. A child’s body cannot handle the vaccine because it is still
under development and there are those children who have an existing health conditions that
lowers their immune system.
Participant 1: Kasi, ang mga bata kasi kaya nga sila sinabing under age kasi under palang
sila ng parents ang connect niya hindi pa sila physically, emotionally ready.
(Children are called underage because they aren't physically and emotionally ready yet.)
Ang mga bata kasi nag dedevelop palang ang immune system nila until 12 years old.
(The immune system of children isn’t fully developed until the age of 12.)
Hindi naman ibig sabihin sinabi ko na malakas ay mahina na yung mga under aged kaya
lang yung immune system pa kasi ng mga bata hindi pa siya fully developed.
(I didn’t mean that children are weak, its just that their immune system is
underdeveloped.)
Para bang nilalabanan niya yung immune system ko
( Its like my immune system is fighting the vaccine.)
Ang cause daw sabi naman ng DOH yung bata daw hindi ready nung na vaccinan. Its
either puyat o hindi kumain.
(According to the DOH, the child wasn’t ready when vaccinated. It’s either caused by
lack of sleep or lack of meal.)
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Participant 2: Una yung sa pangalawang anak ko kasi kahina immune system niya kase
nga weak lungs siya.
(First, my second child has a weak immune system because he has weak lungs.)
COVID-19 vaccines have been eagerly awaited by many parents, hoping that the
injections would help their children feel safe and secure as they returned to their normal routines.
There have been those who are more skeptical, fearful that the vaccine's risks, such as
myocarditis, will outweigh its benefits, given that children are less likely than adults to suffer
life-threatening outcomes from disease (Emma Yasinski, 2022).
Many aspects of a child's immune system differ greatly from an adult's, and these
differences become more apparent as a child ages. As a result, studies on the COVID-19 vaccine
in older individuals must be repeated in younger individuals. Particularly for children who are the
last to be tested, this procedure can take a long time (Juan C. Salazar, 2021).
To be approved for use in children, any drug or vaccine must undergo child-specific
clinical trials, which usually take place after a drug has been proven safe for adults. Adjusting
dosages based on a child's size is not sufficient to ensure safety and efficacy. Mobeen Rashore, an
infectious disease pediatrician at the University of Florida, explains that "children's immune
systems are still developing, so sometimes children will respond slowly or not at all to vaccines."
A sufficient response from their immune systems can be elicited only after additional doses have
been administered.
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Theme 9: Vaccine Affects Physical Health Status. The vaccine triggers diseases and weakens
the body, it also affects existing health conditions.
Participant 1: Yung isa, yung isa kong anak may G6 PD kasi siya. Ang G6PD sakit siya
na pag na trigger mag bburst yung red blood cell niya na pwedeng mag cause ng
leukemia.
(My other child has a G6PD which is a disease that makes red blood cells burst once it is
triggered which can cause leukemia.)
Karamihan don sa mga batang naospital nung ano nung nag vaccinate sila, pneumonia.
(the common things that those hospitalized children who were vaccinated have is
pneumonia.)
Yon parang humina sila. Humina ba parang ganon, yung madali mag ka sakit. Madali
silang magkasakit, kng dati e may ano dito sa kapitbahay, dati nag papaulan, ok lang.
Ngayon magpaulan na lang ganyan nagkakasakit na, nagkaka sipon na, mag kakaubo na,
magkakalagnat na parang ganun.
( They became somewhat weak, easy to catch diseases. There's someone here in our
neighborhood who was always playing in the rain and it's just okay. But now after playing
in the rain the child gets sick, colds, and coughs.)
Participant 3: Parang after ng vaccination nila parang mas humina yong immune system
nila mas prone sila sa sakit ubo,sipon
(It’s like their immune system became weaker after taking the vaccine, they’re more
prone to fever, cough, and colds.)
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Participant 2: Ang naexperience ko nung nagpavaccine ako is yun nga masakit ang
katawan
(My experience is that after getting vaccinated, my body was in pain.)
Once you receive your first corona virus vaccination, your body begins producing
antibodies to the virus. When exposed to the virus, these antibodies aid your body's ability to
fight it off, lowering your risk of developing the illness. A vaccine does not guarantee immunity
from infection; however, as vaccination rates rise, so does the likelihood of contracting a disease
due to an outbreak due to herd immunity. Thus, vaccinations help prevent the spread of disease
by reducing the risk of infection for those who receive them as well as those around them (MU
Health Care, ND).
There are also some effects that might occur after taking the vaccine. Some of these are
common side effects that only last for a few days or weeks. This includes pain at the injection
site, fever, fatigue, headache, muscle pain, chills and diarrhoea (WHO, 2021). Aside from this,
the World Health Organization confirmed that Vaccines against COVID-19 have no long-term
effects. In clinical trials, these vaccines have been shown to be completely safe for human
consumption. Due to its role in protecting us from the virus, its effects are more favorable than
detrimental.
Theme 10: Low Trust in COVID-19 Vaccines. The participants don’t trust ang guarantee the
effectiveness and safety of the vaccine.
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Participant 1: Pag hindi kinaya ng katawan ng bata, medyo may side effect kasi yon.
Hindi siya 100% guaranteed na pwede yung ganon, yon.
( If a child's body can't take it, then it will have side effects and it isn't 100% guaranteed.)
Bigyan lang nila ko ng assurance na it is 100% safe, ok na siguro. Or baliktarin natin ang
sitwasyon, sila ang pagawan mo ng waver. Sila ang papirmahin mo ng waiver na 100%
safe yung bata pag vinaccinan na nila sa school.
( I want them to give me an assurance that it is 100% safe. Or let's reverse the situation,
let them make a waiver and let them sign the waiver which says the child will be 100%
safe )
Hindi 100% na sure.
(Not 100% sure.)
Participant 2: Kasi ako, ayaw ko, sabi naman nung father nila ipavaccine mo nalang pero
natatakot ako sa mga bata
( I don't want to do it and I'm scared for them but their father said I should.)
On a personal level, one aspect of trust that may be shared by COVID-19 and other vaccines
is a general aversion to immunizations due to concerns about major side effects. Anti Vaccine
attitudes and negative views of any vaccine, for example, have been well-studied individuals and
social groups (Dubé et al., 2015; Larson et al., 2014). These people have reservations about the
service. considering vaccine components purity and probable negative effects (Smith, 2017).
According to a 2015 U.S. report on vaccine confidence, According to the National Vaccine
Advisory Committee, up to 85% of physicians have encountered guardians who plan to refuse
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one or more recommended vaccines for their children, claiming concerns about side effects and
misconceptions about vaccine safety (National Vaccine Advisory Committee Report, 2015).
The social acceptance of a potential COVID-19 vaccination among peers and social
community members is another level of trust in a COVID-19 vaccine. Individuals' attitudes and
behaviors are influenced by the people in their social networks, yet most vaccine hesitation and
trust research focuses on individual-level studies. There is, however, some evidence on the
influence of social norms in vaccine uptake, with multiple studies on social norms and HPV
vaccines (Quinn et al., 2017; de Visser et al., 2011; Stout et al., 2020; de Bruine de Bruin et al.,
2019)
About the government's ability to appropriately oversee and regulate the COVID-19 vaccine
development and testing process are anticipated to grow as public trust in the government
declines. It's worth noting that, on both an individual and administrative level, faith in the
government varies depending on political party. Conservatives in the United States have
historically had a higher level of suspicion in government; nevertheless, a Republican
administration may boost conservatives' trust in government (Morisi et al., 2019).
Theme 11: The Vaccine Weakens the Immune System. The vaccine degrades the immune
system, making the body vulnerable to diseases like colds, allergies and fever
Participant 1: Tapos yung mga batang dati walang allergies, nag ka allergies.
(Other children got allergies which didn't have a record in the past.)
Partucupant 2: Kaya baka mas bumaba immune system niya pag pinavaccine ko
(Vaccinating my child might lower his immunity system more.)
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Participant 3: Mas humina yong immune system nila mas prone sila sa sakit, ubo, at
sipon.
(Their immune system became weaker and they became prone to colds and coughs.)
The human immune system is composed of several components that work together to fight
disease and to provide protection at multiple levels by performing a variety of activities in
invasion by germs, bacteria, and viruses. These natural components work in tandem with vaccine
antibodies to combat disease. However, the immune system also generates memory cells that
learn and adapt to new infections (such as a new strain of Covid-19) in order to respond more
quickly and efficiently the next time. While vaccines temporarily increase the body's immunity to
Covid-19, the immune system stops learning from cell memory and instead relies on what the
vaccine taught it about the infection to survive.
Vaccines give the immune system the instructions it needs to recognize and mobilize lines of
defense against disease-causing microorganisms like bacteria or viruses. However, administering
COVID-19 booster shots too frequently may weaken immune response. European regulators are
concerned about a strategy that involves repeated vaccination in the short term (Cavaleri, 2022).
It is critical to allow the immune system time to process what it receives in the initial vaccination
series. It's simply well established that the immune system requires some time to process the
information it receives, whether it's from a vaccine or a natural infection. Then, if you want to
boost it, you have to give it some time to 'digest' that information so that it can respond optimally
(Schaffner , 2022).
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Theme 12: Vaccine Dose vs Body Strength. The dose of the vaccine depends on the
body’s strength, the doses should also be different in adults and children.
Participant 2: Baka hindi niya kayanin yung vaccine, siguro ang reason nun is yung
health, yung immune system ng bata.
(He might not be able to handle the vaccine, I think the reason is because of the health
and the immune system of the child.)
Participant 4: Yung dose nakadepende dapat sa age ng tao kasi hindi pareparehas ang
lakas nila.
(The vaccine dose should depend on the person’s age since not all people have the same
level of strength.)
Participant 5: Kasla win sa e, Kasi diba ata ngay it itud da ngay kut di da pay kaya jay
agas ngay.
( I think yes, because what if those who receive the vaccine can't handle it?)
There is a lot of evidence that Covid-19 vaccines help boost the body's ability to fight
coronavirus. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention in the United States,
those who did not receive a vaccine shot were 13 times more likely to be hospitalized if infected
with Covid-19. A third booster dose of an mRNA vaccine, according to research, can improve
protection against Omicron. The vaccines produce antibodies that aid the body's defense against
Covid-19. However, these antibodies begin to wane and must be replenished on a regular basis in
the form of booster doses to remain effective.
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Vaccines increase immunity to the virus, but they can also increase inflammation in the body.
This can manifest as either pain or inflammation at the injection site, or as general symptoms
such as fever or fatigue (symptoms similar to COVID-19 disease). Most vaccines cause mild
reactions that affect only a small percentage of subjects. Age is an important factor, and some
influenza studies have found that aging of the immune system reduces the effectiveness of
vaccination significantly (Lord, 2013). As a result, for any future anti-SARS-COV-2 vaccine, all
of these factors should be considered, and primary immunization failures should be reduced by
adjusting the doses or number of administrations.
Theme 13: Adverse Effects of the Vaccine. The vaccine has harmful side effects like short
lifespan and body aches that put lives at risk. These cannot be reversed once it has happened.
Participant 3: Kapag daw nagpavaccine ka may tanning na yong buhay mo after ng
vaccination.
(Once you take the vaccine, your days are already in count.)
Personally nong nag vaccinate ako nong nagvaccine ako a nag chill ako nagkaroon ako
ng fever tapos ahh headache medyo nagtagal sya mga two days na hindi ako bumangon
kasi masamang masama yong pakiramdam ko
(Personally, when I got my vaccine, I had a chill then a fever and headache that lasted for
two days. I was bedridden during those times since my body is in a bad shape.)
Participant 4: Yung isang bata dito daw na may down syndrome, nagvaccine sya tapos
hindi na daw sya nagising parang tumigil daw yung tibok ng puso nya.
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( After the child took the vaccine he didn't wake up anymore, it's like his heartbeat
stopped.)
Eh kasla ngay parang nangalay lang yung kamay ko yung parang ang bigat bigat lang
yung braso ko, tapos parang yung masama ang pakiramdam ko
(It’s like my arms and hands feel heavy and I don’t feel good.)
Participant 5: Nge baka ngay nu adda side effect na kanyada diba? Dim mut may
ana, ,madim mut maisublin in case nga adda nangyare kanyada, isu nga agdu dwa nak
paylang.
( It might have side effects on them isn't it? You can't change it back in case something
bad happened to them, that's why I'm still hesitating.)
Participant 1: Tapos yon, mahirap malay mo mag ka severe na lagnat.
( Then it's also hard because what if you get a severe sickness.)
Adverse events are distinguished from adverse effects in that an event is something that
occurs but may not be causally associated, whereas an adverse effect implies causation. All
adverse effects are adverse events, but not all adverse events are adverse effects
When high population coverage is achieved with an efficacious vaccine, the occurrence of cases
of the disease that the vaccine prevents may be rare. In these circumstances, morbidity associated
with the vaccine itself or presumed to be associated with vaccination may cause more public
concern than the prevented disease.
Adverse effects which are relatively common vaccine, or earlier. However, such effects may
be missed, for any of several reasons. For example, Phase III studies may not have been
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conducted (e.g., if the change to a different vaccine formulation was based on serologic studies
only). The incidence of the adverse effect may be too low to be detected with reasonable
reliability in Phase III studies, and the effects may only become apparent when the vaccine is
introduced into general use. In addition, the adverse effect may occur after longer periods post
vaccination than were studied in Phase in trials. Finally, in general use, vaccines may be
administered to a population which is less homogenous than that vaccinated in a Phase III trial,
and there may be subgroups at higher risk of an adverse effect.and which appear shortly after
vaccination should.
Theme 14: Beliefs Heard or Observed from External Factors. There are beliefs heard from
other people and observed from those children who are vaccinated.
Participant 3: Uhmm,kasi meron akong narinig na kapag daw nagpavaccine ka may
tanning na yong buhay mo after ng vaccination.
( I heard people say that once you take the vaccine, your days are already counting.)
Kasi sa mga naririnig ko sa internet hindi na parang nawalan na ako ng tiwala na
ipavaccine sila.
(Because I saw some things in the internet that made me lose trust in the vaccine.)
Participant 4: Kasi may mga naririnig din ako dito, dito ah ewan ko lang kung totoo pero
may nagsabi sa akin.
( I heard something here, I don't know if it's true but someone told me.)
Sa ngayon naman parang wala naman parang okay lang naman yung mga bata pero nag
oobserve pa rin ako syempre.
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( For now I think it's still okay but I'm still observing)
Participant 1: May ano dito sa kapitbahay, dati nag papaulan, ok lang. Ngayon mag
paulan nalang ganyan nag kakasakit na, magkakasipon na, mag kakaubo na,
magkakalagnat na parang ganon.
(They became somewhat weak, easy to catch diseases. There's someone here in our
neighborhood who was always playing in the rain and it's just okay. But now after playing
in the rain the child gets sick, colds, and coughs.)
“Vaccines are a medical marvel. They are credited with saving more lives than any other
human innovation after clean water.” (Cendrowic, 2021). There is a concern among some that
having a vaccine does not mean it will be used. (e.g., Detoc et al., 2020). Despite this, widespread
vaccination is necessary to combat the coronavirus and bring it under control. Due to the
significant health and economic implications of the COVID-19 vaccination program's success,
it's critical to figure out what influences people's views on the vaccine. Reduced adherence to
health-protective behaviors like frequent hand washing and social isolation are two of these
factors that conspiracy theories are linked to (e.g., Allington et al., 2020; Bierwiaczonek et al.,
2020; Imhoff & Lamberty, 2020; Swami & Barron, 2020) and to COVID-19 vaccination
hesitancy. Contrary to this, empirical evidence on the antecedents and consequences of
conspiracy beliefs can be found scattered throughout the literature on the subject.
Some of this heard beliefs is that the COVID-19 vaccine can affect women’s fertility. But well
in fact the COVID-19 vaccine will not have any adverse effects on reproductive health or ability
to reproduce. According to the truth, the COVID-19 vaccine stimulates the body to produce
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copies of the spike protein found on the surface of the coronavirus. Essentially, this "trains" the
body's immune system to recognize and fight viruses that contain the specific spike protein that
has been introduced (Jhon Hopkins Medicine, 2021).
Another one is that the researchers rushed the development of the COVID-19 vaccine, so its
effectiveness and safety cannot be trusted. But well in fact. Studies have discovered that the two
initial vaccines are both approximately 95 percent effective — and that there are no serious or
life-threatening side effects associated with either. There are numerous reasons why the COVID-
19 vaccines were able to be developed in such a short amount of time. There are many more
beliefs about the COVID-19 vaccine. Some of these are spreading rumors, that's why we need to
do our research before believing so.
Theme 15: Permanent and Future Effects. There is a possibility of having side effects in the
future, it might also have a permanent effect to ones’ health.
Participant 1: Malay mo mag ka severe na lagnat. Yun yung nakakatakot kasi may side
effect siya e. Karamihan kasi may side effect, kaya yon.
(What if you get a severe sickness. That's the scary part because commonly, it has side
effects.)
Participant 4: Pero syempre hindi naman lahat yun makikita ng pedia isu kasla ngay kahit
papaano agal-alanganin nak ta paylang malay ko ta ana tu ti side effect na ngay idjay
anak ko.
(But of course not everything can be seen by a pediatrician that's why I'm still hesitating
because I don't know what will be its side.)

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Participant 5: Madim mut maisublin in case nga adda nangyare kanyada
( You can't change it back in case something bad happened to them.)
Ajay kwa idi nagpa booster jk û6nak, kasi kasla ngay kuma kumapsot ajay bagik ngamin
idi aginggana idi nagpa booster nak, pero jay first kin second dose mayat mut ngum idi
nagpa boosterakun medyo madi kasla ngay kumapsut talaga jay bagik.
( When I got my booster shot, I felt my body become weak, I didn't feel it during my first
and second dose, only when I got the booster.)
Many people have inquired about the side effects of the COVID-19 vaccine because it is a
new product. Clinical trial reports and personal experiences have made it clear that short-term
side effects (i.e., those that occur within a few days of receiving a vaccine) are common, but
people are also concerned about long-term consequences of these vaccinations. When attempting
to answer this question, scientists examine the available evidence. While the rules of science do
not permit scientists to state categorically that long-term effects are impossible, the evidence
suggests that these vaccines will not cause long-term harm (Children's Hospital of Philadelphia,
2021).
But when a booster vaccine was administered, the most common side effect was a local
reaction (such as redness or swelling at the injection site), which was followed by fatigue and
muscle or joint pain. Only a small percentage of people had to see a doctor because of side
effects. Booster vaccine side effects were reported to be less bothersome than those from the
second dose, suggesting that they were tolerable (Christopher Blyth, 2022).
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Theme 16: Age Impact. Age matters when it comes to vaccination, especially children.
Participant 1: Sa totoo lang oo, para sakin a. Kasi ang preferably na age para sakin ng
pag papavaccine is 19 to 59.
(Truthfully speaking, yes for me and my age of preference is 19-59 years old,)
Participant 2: Kasi ang pagkakaalam ko diyan. is depende, oo depende sa taon ng isang
tao
( From what I know it depends, yes it depends on the age of a person.)
Participant 4: Kasi diba kung tignan mo sa mga adult mga adult diba depende naman
yun diba yung mga matatanda yung mga senior citizen yung mga matatanda na may mga
sakit na may comorbidities compared sa adults.
( Look at the adults, it depends, doesn't it? the senior citizens have more comorbidity
compared to those adults.)
With the snowballing effect of human population, life expectancy is shortened as well due
to the folds that the people are consuming. With, aging comes continuous drop of ones' immune
system which will be eventually vulnerable to diseases, bacterias, and viral infections. This
concept is also true when it comes to vaccination since ones' immune system depends on the
reaction of the vaccine. This caused the decline to vaccine trust and longevity when it comes to
older adults (Lord, 2013).
Vaccination in younger people has been a debated topic due to their underdeveloped
immune system which needed consent.Previous research revealed that some knowledge gaps
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would need to be filled in order to enroll youngsters in clinical trials. Vaccines in various groups
of youngsters required a convincing reason. Clinical trials for children should be carefully studied
because even if the COVID-19 is has mild symptoms there are still real differences between a
child and an adult's immune system which might affect the effectiveness of the vaccine (Rudan,
Adoye, Katikireddi, Murray, Simpson, Shah, Robertson, & Sheikh, 2021).
Theme 17: Things that will Persuade the Parents.. There are things that will make the
participants reconsider their decisions to vaccinate their child.
Participant 4: Ini insist naman ng DOH na yung mga vaccine ng mga bata eh safe naman
sa kanila parang ganon, na parang may kahit papaano may study naman na safe naman na
ma vaccine’an yung mga five years old ba yon mga five years old pataas.
(It is especially on the news where DOH insists that vaccination for children with ages 5
and up is safe and somehow it has a study backing it up.)
Participant 3: Meron,meron akong napanuod na video yong Covid -19 vaccine memes ng
GMA news meron kasi don yong comparison ng totoo tungkol sa covid 19 at tyaka hindi
totoo tungkol sa covid 19 so nabigyan nmn nila ng linaw yong mga fake news na
lumalabas sa internet.
(I watched a video in GMA about vaccine memes where they compared the facts vs fake
info about the vaccine. They made clarifications regarding the fake news found in the
internet.)
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Participant 2: Yun ang isa mga kwan siguro, content nun, kasi nga sa mga pinapanood ng
DOH, lalo na sa resbakuna ganon, sa amin sa DepEd, talagang ang pinapakita don is yung
positive side ng vaccine.
( The other contents are the ones I watch from DOH, especially the Resbakuna, and to us,
in the DepEd, it shows the positive side of the vaccine.)
Vaccine apprehension is "a very, complex convoluted problem," according to Kathleen
Mazor, EdD, associate director of the Meyers Primary Care Institute and professor of medicine.
"However, some people can be persuaded and coerced to get vaccinated."
Early in the pandemic, Dr. Mazor and his colleague Kimberly Fisher, MD, associate
professor of medicine, began conducting national surveys to better understand the prevalent
reasons people will or will not obtain a COVID vaccination.
"The most prevalent concern individuals have is that it won't be safe," Dr. Fisher
explained. People want to look to a reliable source for information and vaccination
administration, according to Fisher and Mazor.
"Those who have been hesitant to get vaccinated are more likely to wish to get
immunized." (Sarah Willey & Bryan Goodchild UMass Chan Medical School Communications,
2021).
Theme 18: Not Ready for Vaccination. The parents aren’t yet ready to vaccinate their children.
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Participant 5: Kasla awan sa mut, kammu lang madik pay unay nga nai kwa.
(None for now.)
Adda mut siguro nu, ajay Makita nga addun tun iti nagpa vaccinen kasjay, gamin tatta
kut man manu da paylang mut.
( I think yes, since there will be more vaccinated people in the future.)
Participant 4: ngayon naman parang wala naman parang okay lang naman yung mga bata
pero nag oobserve pa rin ako syempre.
( For now I think it's still okay but I'm still observing)
Understanding why people are unwilling to receive a COVID-19 vaccination is critical,
since it can help health officials increase vaccine acceptability and so restrict the disease's spread.
Vaccine adoption is a complex decision-making process influenced by a variety of circumstances,
according to research. What determines the acceptance of people towards the vaccine is the risks
associated with the disease that the vaccine is against (Karlsson et al., 2021).
When asked to define what worries them about getting vaccinated in their own words, the
public's top fear about getting vaccinated is side effects, particularly allergic reactions and long-
term implications, according to the latest findings from the KFF COVID-19 Vaccine Monitor.
The public's comments show that knowing more about the COVID-19 vaccines' safety and the
fact that they have no, few, or minor adverse effects will encourage more individuals to get
vaccinated (Anonymous, 2021).

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3. Action plan made to advocate the importance of the vaccine.
Based from the results of the 2 research questions, the researchers made a mini infomercial to
advocate the importance of the vaccine, it's contents included the following:
● How the pandemic affects our daily lives.
● Effects of information on the importance of the vaccine.
● Problems our family encounters during the pandemic.
● How the vaccine solves and lessen the problems we encounter during the pandemic.
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CHAPTER 5
SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS, AND RECOMMENDATIONS
This chapter presents the summary and recommendations of the study to further enhance the
concepts and facts discussed in the preceding chapters as provided by the analysis of data.
Summary
The study focused on the beliefs of parents toward COVID-19 vaccination among children
with case study approach as the research design employed:
The significant findings of the study are as follows:
1. The beliefs of parents toward COVID-19 vaccination among children.
The participants stated their beliefs about the use of vaccines as government's medium for
manipulation and profit, the risks or side effects when taking the vaccine, and the external factors
affecting their beliefs.
2. The beliefs of parents that make them hesitate to vaccinate their children.
The participants had a variety of beliefs that made them hesitate to vaccinate their children.
These are the vaccine's reaction to physical health of the children whose immune systems are
underdeveloped, having low trust in vaccines, the adverse effects of the vaccine and it's
possibility of having an effect in the future. Beliefs that they heard from other people and how
they are going to be persuaded into vaccinating their child which is in a form of vaccine
campaign like Resbakuna program.
3. Action plan made to advocate the importance of the vaccine.

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The researchers made a mini infomercial containing the details of the pandemic and how it
affects our lives then connected the details about the vaccine and how it will solve or lessen the
problems encountered amid pandemic.
Conclusions
After analyzing the themes from each research questions, the following conclusions have been
drawn:
1. The beliefs of parents toward COVID-19 vaccination among children.
The beliefs of the parents are mostly focused on the harmful side effects of the vaccine to the
human body. Next common thing that their beliefs have in common are conspiracy theories.
External influences also support their beliefs and they have reasons to believe them.
2. The beliefs that make the parents hesitant in vaccinating their children.
The responses of the participants towards this kind of beliefs are mostly the things or beliefs
involving the characteristics of a child below 13 years old (e.g age, body), these characteristics
compared to the strength and effects of the vaccine along with the parent's observations to other
vaccinated children and experiences after getting vaccinated. The next common things are the
adverse effects of the vaccine and its effects on the body permanently or temporarily. They also
elaborated the things that will make them vaccinate their children.
3. Action Plan made to advocate the importance of the vaccine.
The following link will direct the readers to the infomercial made by the researchers
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https://drive.google.com/file/d/1peg6Tg7dA8AriFt_XOrmlqzVYItRO-5J/view?
fbclid=IwAR1o_TuLwRHyMAT393QVErGAuy6dBMZO_Vrij_-Y-
FFiJTjOYIYNevLuk1I
Recommendations
The following were offered as recommendations for possible future actions:
1. The researchers suggest that future vaccine-information materials to contain examples of
beliefs along with it's critical analysis.
2. The researchers encourage the World Health Organization or Department of Health to address
their responses to specific beliefs, not beliefs in general.
3. The researchers suggest that vaccine campaigns should widen their scope to reach people who
lacks information about the vaccine.
4. The researchers encourage health experts to start discussing specific beliefs or conspiracy
theories involving the vaccine to the public and use languages that will help them understand the
discussion easier.
5. For future researchers, the researchers suggest to raise the number of participants and research
questions to extract more data from the participants and further understand their beliefs.
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APPENDECIDES
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Appendix: Letter to the Senior High School Coordinator
April 7, 2022
MICHELLE B. ESTILLORE, LPT, MAN, MAED

Principal
Dear Madam:
Perpetualite greetings!
We, Senior High School students of University of Perpetual Help System Laguna – Isabela
Campus, are currently conducting a research work entitled “Beliefs of Parents Towards COVID
19 Vaccination Among Children”. Parents' beliefs about vaccinations and why they are reluctant
to allow their children to be vaccinated are the primary goals of this study.
In light of this, we are requesting permission to your good office to allow us interview five (5)
parents specifically from San Mateo, Cabatuan, San Guillermo, Naguillian, and Cauayan Isabela
who will be participants in the aforementioned research project. The method will be via online
and the platform will be the participants’ choice. We would like to assure you that the identities
of the participants, as well as the information they will provide, will be kept strictly confidential.
You can be confident that the study will have no negative consequences or risks for the
participants. If you would like to receive a copy of the executive summary or an electronic copy
(e.g., PDF) of the entire research, this can be arranged.
We eagerly await your affirmative response. Thank you very much, and may our Lord continue
to bless you.
Sincerely yours,
JV STEPHEN B. DELA PEÑA
Researcher/Group Leader
Noted by: Recommending approval:
ARRAH LEAH P. VIDAL, LPT RHEAN JOY B. ACUPIDO, LPT, MAED

Research Teacher Research Adviser
Letter to the Participant
Date: April 22, 2022

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Name of Participant:
Address:
Dear Madam/Sir:
Greetings!
This communication is an invitation for you as you may desire to participate in our case study
research work entitled “Beliefs of Parents Towards Covid 19 Vaccination Among Children” as a
partial fulfillment of our requirements for the subject Practical Research 1. The main purpose of
this research work is to gather informations, beliefs and perceptions of parents towards Covid 19
Vaccinations and why are they hesitant to get their children vaccinated.
If you agree to participate, please accomplish the consent form attached to this letter. Please also
be informed that in case you decide to get involved in our study, we will have a one-on-one
interview with you via an online platform containing central and follow-up questions. The
interview may last about an hour and would be arranged at a time convenient to your availability.
To ensure the accuracy of your responses, we would also ask for your permission to audio-record
our conversation.
Participation in this undertaking is voluntary and there are no known or anticipated risks related
to it. You may decline answering any questions that you do not wish to answer considering your
preferences. Finally, we would like to assure you that your identity as well as the pieces of
information you will provide will be treated with strictest confidentiality. If you would be
interested to receive a copy of the executive summary or the electronic copy (e.g. PDF) of the
entire dissertation, this can be made available to you.
If you have further questions regarding this invitation, please contact us at 09068822496
Thank you in advance and we are looking forward to your positive response.
Respectfully yours,
JV STEPHEN B. DELA PEÑA

Researcher/Group Leader
Noted by:
ARRAH LEA VIDAL

Research Teacher
RHEAN JOY ACUPIDO

Research Adviser
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MICHELLE B. ESTILLORE
School Principal
CONSENT FORM
I have read and understood the information presented in the invitation letter of JV
STEPHEN B. DELA PEÑA
I am aware that it is within my discretion that the interview will be audio-recorded to
ensure the accuracy of my responses which may be included, in part or in whole, in the thesis
manuscript without my name being specified for confidentiality reasons.
I am also aware that there are no known risks related to the study and that I may
voluntarily withdraw from the study at any time I wish to decline by advising the researcher.
With full knowledge of the foregoing, I agree, with my own free will and by signing my
name, to participate in this study.
_________ __________
Signature Over Printed Name
____________ _____________
Date
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Appendix B: Interview Protocol
1. What are the beliefs of parents about covid-19 vaccinations among children?
1. What are your beliefs about the COVID-19 vaccine?
2. Which of these beliefs do you think is the most alarming?
3. Why do you believe in these beliefs?
4. What are the beliefs about the COVID vaccine that you've heard from the people around you?
5. Are there any beliefs you've seen and thought it is just a false one? What are those beliefs?
2. What are the parents' beliefs that cause their hesitancy in involving their children in the
vaccination program?
1. What are your reasons why you're hesitant to vaccinate your child?
2. What are your observations to those children who were vaccinated?
3. Do you think age matters when taking the vaccine? Why?
4. Are there any possibilities wherein you might change your decision? What would be the reason
for that?
5. Are there any articles or videos that you've read on social media that made you think twice in
your decision? What are the contents of that article?
6. Do you have any experiences which caused you to hesitate in vaccinating your child? What are
those experiences?
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Appendix C: Verbatim Transcription and Coding
Transcribed
Participant 1
Researcher: Naka record na?
Researcher: Oo
Researcher: Sige mama irugi kon.
Researcher: Anya ajay paniniwalam sa vaccine?
Participant 1: COVID vacccine, yung vaccine e paraang ginawa lang kasi siya. Saakin a, sa
mundo kasi natin ngayon parang andami ng population. Parang sinadya siyang gawin para ma
shorten yung tao sa mundo, ganon. Parang yung covid vaccine pag iniinject siya parang yung
paniniwala ko parang ishshorten yung lifespan ng tao. Kaya parang pahihinain din yung immune
system mo, ganon. Parang ang one point na bagsakan niya, ti decrease population sa mundo. Yun
lang, parang biological weapon na ituturok sayo para naman hindi siya mag mukhang crime sa
mata ng mga tao, parang pa sikreto lang siya na ginawa siyang virus. Para hindi yung totally na
binaril ka mamatay ka na nung time na yon. Yun kasing disease, hindi siya mapapatunayan as
crime, kasi nga sakit siya, parang ganon.
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Researcher: Yung mga nabanggit mong paniniwala ma, alin idjay iti pinaka delikado sa tingin
mo? Jay most alarming nga kunada.
Participant 1: Yung ano, yun nga parang ginawa siyang biological weapon meaning. Parang nag
create sila ng virus para pumatay ng tao or kung di man totally agad agad mamatay kung malakas
yung immune system ng tao parang ishshorten niya yung life mo. Kung halimbawa di ka na
vaccinan mga estimate na mabubuhay ka 70 o 40 magiging 60 or 70. Yun lang, yun lang yung
parang alarming napaniniwala ko na kwan. Yung kung anong cause kung bakit nila crineate yung
virus na yan. Crineate talaga nila yan.
Researcher: Bakit ka naniniwala dito, mama?
Participant 1: Kasi may mga ano na, may mga proofs na. Mga andaming namatay, biglaan.
Parang yung sa ano bang tawag don, yung black—? Yung parang ganon din noon pero malaria
lang, malaria sya noon nung mga unang panahon. Yun parang sa black death. Noon kasi yung
black death kasi noon, parang hindi pa masyadong advance yung technology kaya di siya nag
spread at di siya halos nalaman ng mga tao. Ngayon kasi siyampre, sa internet na isang click mo
lang makikita mo na. Kung titignan mo don sa cases sa ibang bansa parang may mga percentage
na sa part ng continent na to isang percent yung nawala sa population parang ganon e maniniwala
ka talaga, kasi may mga namatay, may mga nagkasakit. Tapos bigla silang mag crcreate ng
parang pang market na din ng mga vaccine. Parang counter part na din ng pagkamatay nung mga
tao. Parang proof ng government na “ay tutulong kami” pero sa totoo lang sila yung gumawa ng
virus tas sila din gagawa nung vaccine. Same effect din don sa vaccine na tuturukan ka. Kung
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mahina immune system mo, siya lang din, ganon lang din. Pag kaya mo tas nakayanan mo, ganon
lang din, shoshorten lang yung lifespan mo or mas hihina yung immune system mo.
Researcher: Anya ajay panniwalam iti vaccine nga nangig mo ngay idjay karrubam kasjay?
Participant 1: Ano, sabi nila e parang madali na sila mapagod, madaling mag kasakit, ganon ba.
Parang biglaan sila nagkaroon ng sakit nagkaroon nalang bigla na wala naman dati, katulad ng
allergies na wala naman dati. Yung halimabawa yung mga dito yung mga kasama na farming.
Nasa farming kahit mag hapon silang nag fafarm, di sila napapagod. Ngayon, parang half day
nalang madali na silang mapagod, so ibig sabihin parang humina yung imune system nila nung
navaccinan sila, parang ganon. Yun lang yung mga naririnig ko naman.
Researcher: Adda ajay paniniwala mama nga nanggig mo jay internet pero kwan satingin mo
kwan lang siya, di totoo?
Participant 1: Ay hindi totoo parang mga ganon? Parang wala, kasi hindi naman siya kasi di
naman siya lalabas na ganon kung hindi siya totoo. Sabi nga nila, “kung walang sunog walang
usok”. Parang wala naman kasi yung mga pinanonood may mga proof naman, yung sa mga
internet. Parang lahat e at some point, parang ako hindi naman nangyari sakin kaya di ako
maniniwala pero may mga proof naman na nangyari sa ibang tao kaya maniniwala ka na ganon.
Yung mga lumalabas na balita na hindi totoo, parang wala naman.
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Researcher: Ano yung mga rason mo kung bakit nag hehesitate kang ivaccinate yung children?
Participant 1: Kasi, ang mga bata kasi kaya nga sila sinabing under age kasi under palang sila ng
parents ang connect niya hindi pa sila physically, emotionally ready. Parang nag dedevelop
palang. Ang mga bata kasi nag dedevelop palang ang immune system nila until 12 years old.
Tapos 13 years old to 18, don palang sila nag papalakas sa developed na immune system nila. As
for research yon ng mga doctor. Kaya lang e, yon kaya nag aalangan akong mag pa vaccine yung
mga under age na anak ko kasi nga hindi pa sila fully developed, parang kasi tuturukan sila ng
virus. Totoo na parang good virus yon pero virus padin siya. Pag hindi kinaya ng katawan ng
bata, medyo may side effect kasi yon. Hindi siya 100% guranteed na pwede yung ganon, yon.
Researcher: Adda ba ti existing health condition na ajay children yu nu apay kwa, kasla ngay
additional nga reason nu apay ag heshestitate ka?
Participant 1: Yung isa, yung isa kong anak may G6 PD kasi siya. Ang G6 PD sakit siya na pag
na trigger mag bburst yung red blood cell niya na pwedeng mag cause ng leukemia. Pero nag pa
advise ako sa pediatrcian ok naman kaya lang there’s still doubt about the vaccine, hindi kasi
100% na assured na perfect pa yung vaccine doon sa bata, parang ganon.
Researcher: Yung mga navaccinan na bata mama, ano yung nga na observe mo sakanila?
Participant 1: Yon arang humina sila. Humina ba parang ganon, yung madali mag ka sakit.
Madali silang magkasakit, kng dati e may ano dito sa kapitbahay, dati nag papaulan, ok lang.
à
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Senior High School
Ngayon mag paulan nalang ganyan nag kakasakit na, magkakasipon na, mag kakaubo na,
magkakalagnat na parang ganon. Tapos yung mga batang dati walang allergies, nag ka allergies.
Tapos weak lungs, pneumonia. Karamihan don sa mga batang naospital nung ano nung nag
vaccinate sila, pneumonia. Diba yung kwan ng vaccine natin sa lungs din yon. Imbes na wala
silang sakit, na trigger.
Researcher: Do you think age matters kung ittake yung vaccine?
Participant 1: Sa totoo lang oo, para sakin a. Kasi ang preferably na age para sakin ng pag
papavaccine is 19 to 59. Kasi yun yung period na malakas ang tao. Hindi naman ibig sabihin
sinabi ko na malakas ay mahina na yung mga under aged kaya lang yung immune system pa kasi
ng mga bata hindi pa siya fully developed. Parang yung sinabi ko kanina, kaya nga sila under
aged or under the care of parents kasi kailangan pa nila na what I mean maasikaso o ma guide sa
mga tamang pagkain, to be healthy. Sa mga tamang pag iisip, to be emotionally ready sila. Para
pag datng nila sa tamang edad, yon kasi mga bata mahihina pa immune system nila. And then
don sa mga upper naman hannggang 59 sabi ko lang kasi yung mga matatanda kasi arang
bumabalk sila sa agiging mahina. Kasi yung span na good sila na ubos na kaya humina na sila.
Ang gusto ko lang sana ang preferably age na ma vaccinan age 19-59. Kasi yung mga matatanda
na mahihina na mga yan, and yung mga bata mahihina pa siila, yon.
Researcher: May possiblidad mama na mag change decision ka na ipa vaccine yung mga anak
mo?
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Participant 1: Yes, pag ano na siguro mga aged 19 na siguro mga ganon. Pero pag sasabihin nila
na hindi ka pwedeng pumasok sa face to face class kasi hindi ka vaccinated e bigyan lang nila ko
ng assurance na it is 100% safe, ok na siguro. Or baliktarin natin ang sitwasyon, sila ang pagawan
mo ng waver. Sila ang papirmahin mo ng waver na 100% safe yung bata pag vinaccinan na nila
sa school, kasi sa school naman sila pag face to face na. Parang baliktarin mo tignan mo mag
ddoubt yang mga yan. Parang waver of assurance na 100% safe yung vaccine, tignan mo mag
ddoubt mga yan. Yon pag mga 18 or above papa vaccine ko.
Researcher: Meron bang mga article or videos na nabasa or napanood mo na nag think twice ka
sa decision mo?
Participant 1: Oo
Researcher: Ana ajay content na mama?
Participant 1: May napanood kasi ako na ay ano ng pangalan non. Yung about sa naturukan na
bata na mga around 17 years old siya tas naging ano siya na arang nasiraan na ng ulo. Actually,
ready ako na ipavaccine ko sana. E may nag send sakin sa facebook at napanood ko sa social
media anong pangalan non, Joy ata. Tas nung na vaccinan yung bata parang nag ano yung utak
niya tapos e nasiraan siya ng ulo. Tapos yon nung pina CT scan siya kasla limteg kano jay utak
na kaya ganon siya. Ang cause daw sabi naman ng DOH yung bata daw hindi ready nung na
vaccinan. Its either puyat o hindi kumain. So ibig sabihin kung hindi ka kumain at hindi ka
nakatulog ng gabing yoon, siyempre mag iisip ka ay mag papa vaccine ako ganon. So may
possibility na ganon. Hindi 100% na sure.

à
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Senior High School
Researcher: Follow up question, ana ajay videos ken article nga nag pakita kanyam iti positive
side ti vaccine nga kasla nag think twice ka, mama?
Participant 1: Nag think twice na?
Researcher: Nga kasla naisip mo nga kailangan ag pa vaccine ta nakitam ajay nga positive side
mama.
Participant 1: Ah yung diba sa news, may ratings ratings sila na bumaba tumaas yung cases ng
vaccine. Nung nagkaroon naman ng vaccine bumaba naman yung aactive casses ng COVID, kaya
yon. Yun din yung isang ano na kailangan ko ipa vaccine yung bata. Kasi nung nag vaccine
naman na sila bumaba na.
Researcher: last question,may experience ka ba nung nag pa vaccine ka na dahil don nag hesitate
ka na ipa vaccine yung children mo?
Participant 1: Oo, nung nag a vaccine kasi ako nung nag ka COVID ako talagang eager na ko
mag pa vaccine. Kasi nga yon nga na expirience ko na mag ka covid talaga, di ka maka hinga yon
nga. Kaya after ko ma recover, nakahingi ako ng certificate, nag pa vaccine ako. Kaya lang ang
problema nung nag vaccine ako, nag lagnat din ako ganon. Para bang nilalabanan niya yung
immune system ko, kaya kailngan malakas talaga immune system mo bago ka mag pa vaccine,
ganon. Tapos yon, mahirap malay mo mag ka severe na lagnat. Yun yung nakakatakot kasi may
side effect siya e. Karamihan kasi may side effect, kaya yon.
à
82 – JONELTA
Senior High School
Transcribed
Participant 2
Researcher: Maam i ask ko pay lang ti permission mo nga kwa maam irecord mi atoy meeting
maam okay lang kinyam?
Participant 2: A sige basta pang kwan lang a, anong tawag don. For the sake of your research
lang a ano?
Researcher: Wen maam confidential maam madi mi iruruwar
Participant 2: ok
Researcher: Maam agdamag nakon a
Participant 2: mm mm
Researcher: Ma'am ano yung mga paniniwala mo sa covid vaccine?
Participant 2: the adverse effects of the vaccine tapos Yung mga sinasabi nilang may mga macro
chips silang nilalagay ganon?
Researcher: Wen maam kasla kasjay
Participant 2: Oo ganon, parang ganon nga, pero wala naman atang mga scientific bases about
dun, pero sa mga religion sinasabi nila na may mga nilalagay na microchip para malaman nila,
parang namomonitor nila kung nasaan ka ganon
à
83 – JONELTA
Senior High School
Researcher: ah sige maam, maam next question garuden?
Participant 2: Sige sige
Researcher: Maam sa mga vaccine beliefs mo maam, Ma'am sino sa tingin mo ang pinaka
delikado?
Pariticpant 2: Kung totoo man yung maglalagay ng microchip ganon
Researcher: Ma'am okay ajayen? or adda pay idagdag mo ma'am?
Participant 2: dun siguro, dun sa adverse effects nung vaccine, don mas malakas ang paniniwala
ko
Researcher: Ma'am apay mamatmati ka ittoy nga beliefs?
Participant 2: Yong sinasabi kasi ni maam *** non na sa religion nila sinasabing may microchip
daw ang vaccine
Researcher: Ah sige maam, next question nen maam?
Participant 2: mm
Researcher: Anya agijay kwa maam, paniniwala mo sa vaccine na narinig mo lang sa kapitbahay
mo ganon maam or workmate ganon?
Participant 2: Paniniwala, yung sinasabi nila na yung COVID-19 vaccination ay virus din daw
yun na isasaksak sa atin, yun ang paniniwala nila yun ang sinasabi nila. Yun nga virus din daw
para maging ano, anong tawag doon, para maimmune daw katawan natin. Meron pa, hindi ko
à
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Senior High School
narinig pero naobserve ko lang, Yung bata Dito sa kapitbahay parang kabilis niya hingalin pag
naglalaro, di tulad non mga ilang takbo pa bago hingalin.
Researcher: Maam atoy met ney next, Ma'am adda agijay beliefs nga nanggeg mo ma'am nga
kwa paniniwala na para sayo hindi siya totoo?
Participant 2: oo, marami akong naririnig, pero sa ngayon e hindi parin malinaw sa isipan ko
about sa vaccination, pero dahil sa, sa akin nga, mandatory sa aming mga teaching personel na
magpavaccine sabi nila noon, pero naniniwala ako na pag nagpavaccine ka daw, hindi ka na
matatamaan ng virus, ay naalala ko lang, noong first dose ko hindi naman natamaan noon pero
may nagpositive kasi dito sa school namin, naramdaman ko padin yung symptoms, so don ako
hindi naniwala na sabi nila na nakapag nagpavaccine ka na hindi ka na matatamaan diba? e
natamaan pa rin naman ako sa mga kwan ibang symptoms, hindi nga lang malala parang mild
symptoms lang
Researcher: Sige po maam, next question maam
Anya agijay rason mo maam ta apay nag hesitate ka nga ivaccinate agijay children mo maam?
Participant 2: Una yung sa pangalawang anak ko kasi kahina immune system niya kase nga weak
lungs siya, baka hindi niya kayanin yung vaccine, siguro ang reason nun is yung health, yung
immune system ng bata. Kaya baka mas bumaba immune system niya pag pinavaccine ko
Researcher: Existing health conditions kasjay maam?
Participant 2: Oo ayun nga ,kasi kung mahina yung bata, mahina yung immune system ng bata
maaaring hindi niya kayanin yung magiging effects ng vaccination, so health pa rin, existing
à
85 – JONELTA
Senior High School
health condition
Researcher: Sige maam, next question nen maam?
Participant 2: yes
Researcher: Maam do you think age matters kapag tinetake yung vaccine?
Participant 2: Kasi ang pagkakaalam ko diyan. is depende, oo depende sa taon ng isang tao kung
ilang dosage ang ibibigay nila sayo ganon, sa mga bata iba yung dosage nila sa mga bata iba din
sa matatanda, kaya depende din sa age ng isang bata o isang tao
Researcher: Sige maam, atoy ney maam adda ti possibility nga paniwalaam jay vaccine? jay
agchange decision ka kasjay?
Participant: Kasi ako, ayaw ko, sabi naman nung father nila ipavaccine mo nalang pero natatakot
ako sa mga bata
Researcher: Ma'am adda agijay videos or articles ijjay social media nga idi nakitam ket kasla dim
kayat paniwalaan jay negative beliefs mon?
Participant 2: Ay oo naman syempre, yun nga ,yung mas lalakas ang immune system mo sa
paglaban sa virus, yun ang isa mga kwan siguro, content nun, kasi nga sa mga pinapanood ng
DOH, lalo na sa resbakuna ganon, sa amin sa DepEd, talagang ang pinapakita don is yung
positive side ng vaccine
Researcher: Ah, atoy ney maam last question, nung nagpavaccine ka maam, maam may mga
naexperience ka na kwan, na dahil dun e nag alangan kang ipavaccinate ang children mo
à
86 – JONELTA
Senior High School
Participant 2: Ang naexperience ko nung nagpavaccine ako is yun nga masakit ang katawan
parang di kayanin ng mga bata, siguro lang yung sakit ng katawan ang naramdaman ko na baka
hindi kaya ng mga bata
Transcribed
Participant 3
Researcher-Naka record na
Researcher-First question, Ano ang mga paniniwala mo sa vaccine ?
Participant 3-Uhmm,yong paniniwala ko tungkol sa vaccine kasi diba ngayon 61% ang mga
Pilipino ang hindi pa nababakunahan ,so ang mga ang reason ko yong mga paniniwala ko kung
bakit,ahh kasi hindi sya ligtas, hindi kailangan yung bakuna hindi effective,uhmm mas malala
yong side effects pag nabakunahan na ng Covid-19 vaccine.And then nakakabaog daw ang
bakuna ang pinaka worst nakakamamatay lang yung ivavaccine, yung ivavaccinate nila kapag
nagpavaccine sila
Researcher-Okay
Researcher-Sa mga nabanggit mong paniniwala,Alin don ang mga pinakadilikado ?
Participant 3- Syempre yong baka mamatay ka
à
87 – JONELTA
Senior High School
Researcher-So bakit ka naniniwala doon?
Participant 3-Uhmm,madami na kasing nababalita na namatay mula nong nabakuhan sila ,so
syempre worried ako kasi baka mangyari rin saakin yon or mangyari din sa mga bata
Researcher-May mga paniniwala kabang narinig mo sa internet sa tingin hindi totoo?
Participant 3-Na,hindi na kailangan magpavaccine hindi na natin kailangan mag Covid-19
vaccine
Researcher-Ano yong mga rason mo kung bakit naghehesitate kang ipavaccinate ang mga anak
mo ?
Participant 3 -Uhmm,kasi meron akong narinig na kapag daw nagpavaccine ka may tanning na
yong buhay mo after ng vaccination
Researcher-Yong mga navaccine na bata ano ang na observe mo sa kanila ?
Participant 3-Parang after ng vaccination nila parang mas humina yong immune system nila mas
prone sila sa sakit ubo,sipon parang kunteng hibot nagkakaroon sila ng ubo at tyaka sipon
Researcher-Do you think age matters kung itatake nila ang vaccine ?
à
88 – JONELTA
Senior High School
Participant 3- Yes!
Researcher -May possibility bang mag change ang desisyon mo na ipavaccine mo ang mga anak
mo ?
Participant 3-Uhmm as of the moment ,siguro mga ahh 40% yong desisyong ko na ano
magpavaccine sila kasi sa mga naririnig ko sa internet hindi na parang nawalan na ako ng tiwala
na ipavaccine sila
Researcher -Meron bang article o videos na nabasa mo o napanuod mo na nagthink twice ka sa
desisyon mo na parang nag dalawang isip ka?
Participant 3- Meron,meron akong napanuod na video yong Covid -19 vaccine memes ng GMA
news meron kasi don yong comparison ng totoo tungkol sa covid 19 at tyaka hindi totoo
tungkol sa covid 19 so nabigyan nmn nila ng linaw yong mga fake news na lumalabas sa internet
Researcher-Last question,follow up question lang po
Researcher -May experience kaba na nong nagpavaccine ka na dahil don naghesitate ka parin
ipavaccinate yong mga anak mo ?
Participant 3-Yes meron, a personally nong nag vaccinate ako nong nagvaccine ako a nag chill
ako nagkaroon ako ng fever tapos ahh headache medyo nagtagal sya mga two days na hindi ako
à
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Senior High School
bumangon kasi masamang masama yong pakiramdam ko
Reasearcher -Yon lang ma thank you
Participant 3-Okay po thank you
Transcribed
Participant 4
Resarcher: Irugik ajay recordin?
Participant 4: Wen sige sige
Resarcher: Anya agijay paniniwalam idjay covid 19 vaccine?
Participant 4: Covid 19 vaccine? Oh diba sabi nila na yung covid, yung vaccine na ‘yon magiging
proteksyon natin sa covid, hindi naman 100 percent sya na dahil naka vaccine ka na di ka na
mahahawa ng covid, pero atleast kung naka vaccine ka kase…. mag kaka covid ka man pero mild
lang hindi ka mapupunta sa severe diba oh tapos, kaso may mga ibang beliefs naman lalo na nung
una diba may mga naririnig rinig ka kung ano yung mga side effect nya. Oh diba kasi crineate
lang nila yung vaccine in just a short period of time so ibig sabihin yung mga ibang possibilities
na pwedeng maging side effect ng vaccine hindi nila masyadong napag aralan. May iba na
nagsasabi na it shorten the life span of human being daw yung vaccine pero syempre hindi naman
natin sure yon, pero ang pinaka sure dun talaga na yung vaccine kasi mayron at mayrong side
à
90 – JONELTA
Senior High School
effect yon hindi man ngayon maybe after 2 years or what syempre walang makakalaam kung ano
yung side effect nya. Tignan mo nalang diba yung mga vaccine ni ading moL*** pag mag
vavaccine si ading mong *** may side effect yun sakanya so ibig sabihin na yung vaccine natin
ngayon ng covid mayron talagang side effect yon. Tapos yung mga iba siguro kanonood na nila
ng Korean, sasabihin nila na after a years daw magiging zombie na daw tayo kase nga daw sa
vaccine may mga ganon o may mga iba naman na din na nagsasabi na dahil daw sa vaccine
parang nagigising yung... kum baga yung mga taong may sakit na pero parang hindi nila
masyadong nararamdaman, parang nagiging mas active na yong sakit nila dahil daw sa vaccine
ganon, lalo na yung mga may comorbidities or lalo na yung mga ano, mga taong may mga
kapansanan yung mga may down syndrome yung mga ganon.
Resarcher: Mamatmati ka mit idjay aya tita uray bassit lang kasjay?
Participant 4: Meron, meron parin syempre hindi mo matatanggal sa isip mo na pwedeng totoo
pwedeng hindi, kasi diba nga yun nga tignan mo minadali nila yung vaccine hindi naman
masyadong napag aralan yon e, kaya in the future hindi lang natin hindi natin alam na ano yung
may side effect sya pero hindi natin alam kung ano yon.
Resarcher: Next question na tita?
Participant 4: O sige sige
Researcher: Agijay nabanggit mo nga beliefs tita ayan na ti sa tingin mo nga pinaka delikado ?
à
91 – JONELTA
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Participant 4: Yung sa may ano, parang naniniwala ako dun sa may mga sakit diba syempre yung
katawan yung may mga sakit syempre yung mga katawan nila hindi na siya normal, hindi na sila
ganon ka healthy so yung mga organs nila parang may something may mga deperensya na, so
hindi natin sure na pwede talaga na yung vaccine na yon may side effect sa kanila pwede yung
may mga sinasabi sila diba na nag vaccine lang sya pero namatay sya parang ganon pwedeng
totoo yon pwedeng dahil dun siguro sa vaccine yun. Kasi nga kasi nga diba hindi naman natin
hindi naman hindi naman nila hindi naman sure kasi kung ano talaga ang side effects, may side
effect yung sa kanila, ang pinaka mahirap lang talaga yan yung mga comorbidities na yung may
mga sakit na talaga dati pa na nag vaccine.
Resarcher: Apay ta mamatmati ka idjay nga beliefs tita ?
Participant 4: Kasi parang ano naman din naman sya, tawag dito may mga may mga halos diba
lagi noon nong kasagsagan ng covid tapos kasagsagan din ng vaccine maraming namamatay.
Maraming napapabalita na si na yung ganito namatay kasi nagpa vaccine lang sya namatay sya
ganon nagpa vaccine lang sya ganito na iba na yung iba na yung ano ng katawan niya yung mga
ganon… na something na pwedeng totoo kasi may sakit na dati yung tao eh, so parang yung
vaccine sakanya syempre iba iba ang hormones ng tao iba yung effect nya sa katawan ng bawat
isa… kaya parang ano parang tawag dito parang ano talaga sya parang mapanganib sya dun sa
mga taong may mga sakit na, lalo na yung mga malala na ganon, yung mga nag me maintenance
mga ganon. Syempre hindi lang sila sure kung ano yung ipekto ng vaccine sakanila pero syempre
wala naman silang choice kailangan nilag magpa vaccine.
à
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Senior High School
Resarcher: Ti kayat mo ibaga tita nga mamatmati ka ta adda ti mabalbalita da nga unknown ti
sakit na?
Participant 4: Oo, parang naniniwala ako sa mga ganon kasi nga yu nga nakikitamo naman,
meron yung diba nga meron yung napaka healthy nya ano lang yung sakit nya tapos nung ng
vaccine sya bigla syang grumabe parang ganon, pwede pwede kasi syempre…
Resarcher: Kasla tita kayat ibaga dajay anya ti panagaramid da jay vaccine?
Participant 4: Oo, oo naman oo kasi ikaw ba naman gagawa ka ng vaccine na ano pang apurahan
eh kung tutuusin yung mga ganyang bagay kailangang pinag aaralanyan nang matagal, oh saan
lang sila na ano ng example sa mga animals yata…sa mouse ba yon? Oh hindi naman yun
mismong taong ano, iba pa rin naman yung katawan ng tao sa katawan ng hayop.
Resarcher: Anya agijay kwa tita agijay paniniwala ti tungkol idjay covid vaccine nga nangngig
mo ngay jay kwa jay lawlaw mo agijay kabbalay mo agijay kadkadwam kasjay?
Participant 4: Yun yun yun diba yun nga yung mga sabi nga nila basta yun no.1 so-shorten daw
nya yung life span ng tao, no. 2 yung mga agijay kunada nga dagijay matmaturog nga sakit mo
mariing gapu dayta nga vaccine mga ganon.
Resarcher: Next question?
Participant 4: Oo next question na
Resarcher: Anya agijay kwa tita agijay beliefs nga nakitam nga para kanyam kit madi paypayso
ajay?
à
93 – JONELTA
Senior High School
Participant 4: Yung hindi totoo, yung ano saglit lang…...yung mga hindi totoo na ano
Resarcher: Adda ba nu awan?
Participant 4: Kasi parang ngayon wala ka pa namang ma po-prove na ano eh…. na pwedeng ano
yon mabalin mit nga ano ba yon dun sa mga bata may nagsasabi na parang hindi daw sana sya
okay sa mga bata at may mga pag aaral din talaga na sinasabing di dapat same ang doses ng mga
bata sa adults when it comes to medicines.
Resarcher: Di kwa tita awan ti kwa kanyam jay beliefs nga false?
Participant 4: Beliefs nga false sa ngayon wala pa, wala ka pa namang nakikitang ano, sa ngayon
wala pa.
Resarcher: Ana agijay kwa tita ajay rason mo pay nga agal-alangan ka nga ipa vaccinate ajay
children?
Participant 4: Yung mga bata kasi ano sya parang….kasi may mga naririnig din ako dito, dito ah
ewan ko lang kung totoo pero nasabi yun sa akin yung isa sa mga klasmeyt ng anak ko na yung
isang baby daw dito na isang bata dito daw na may down syndrome, nagvaccine sya tapos hindi
na daw sya nagising parang tumigil daw yung tibok ng puso nya, ajay ubing saka kwan parang
nag aalangan agal-alangan nak latta ah ta ayun nga madim ammo ti side effect na tsaka uray
ibagam nga pwede yun na bago mo i-pa vaccine yung jay baby’m jay anak mo mabalin mo nga
pwede mo nga syang na ipa check up muna sa pedia parang ganon, pero syempre hindi naman
lahat yun makikita ng pedia isu kasla ngay kahit papaano agal-alanganin nak ta paylang malay
ko ta ana tu ti side effect na ngay idjay anak ko.
à
94 – JONELTA
Senior High School
Resarcher: Anya agijay observation mo idjay kwa tita agiay ubbing nga na vaccine’an?
Participant 4: Sa ngayon parang ano naman kitdi sakanila parang mga normal na vaccine lang
parang ganon, kasi yung iba agijay dadduma meron yung nilagnat meron yung iba wala siguro
depende yun sa immune system ng bata. Sa ngayon naman parang wala naman parang okay lang
naman yung mga bata pero nag oobserve pa rin ako syempre.
Resarcher: Do you think age matters nu al-alain da ajay vaccine, do you think age matters when
taking the vaccine?
Participant 4: Pwede pwede yun pwede, kasi diba kung tignan mo sa mga adult mga adult diba
depende naman yun diba yung mga matatanda yung mga senior citizen yung mga matatanda na
may mga sakit na may comorbidities din kumpara dun sa mga bata pa na parang paranag ako
parang kayo, tapos yung mga maliliit talagang ano kailangan yung talagang kailangan dapat pag-
aralan na kung ano talaga yung mga dosage ng vaccine parang sa mga para sa may edad parang
ganon. Syempre talagang need naman yon need nalang I-ano iconsider yung mga edad yung
bawat isa na magpapa vaccine.
Resarcher: Di para garud kanyayo tita ki kwa, adda kinalaman na dapat ajay panag papa vaccine?
Participant 4: Oo wen ah haan mit mabalin nga basta nga kunware kanyak inturok da kanyak
mabalin nga ivaccine da mkit kanyam syempre madi, syempre yung age mo hindi naman parehas
yung katawan natin parang ganon kaya dapat yung dose nakadepende sa age ng tao kasi hindi
pareparehas ang lakas nila.
à
95 – JONELTA
Senior High School
Resarcher: Adda mit ti possibility nga ag change decision ka nga ipa vaccine mo mit ajay
children mo?
Participant 4: Meron, meron pa rin I’m looking forward yung may possibilities pa rin na mag
change yung mind ko lalo na dayta face to face oh diba what if I required nila yon yung face to
face yung bata hindi pwedeng walang vaccine syempre no choice pero if ever nag anon
mangyayari talagang ipapriority muna na ipacheck up sila sa pedia bago ko sila mapapa
vaccine’an.
Resarcher: Adda pay tita ti mabalin nga rason apay ag change decision mo or awanen?
Participant 4: Na may chance? May chance meron
Resarcher: Adda pay ti reason tita?
Participant 4: Yun din kunware ayan na naman baka mamaya eh bigla nalang lumobo yung ano
diba, may ibang variant na naman baka bigla na namang lumobo yung yung mga may covid cases
so parang so parang proteksyon na rin nila at least kahit papaano mas panatag kaming parents na
pag naka vaccine naman sya, mahahawa man siya at least mild lang hindi sya yung magiging
severe, para sa proteksiyon na rin nila lalo na sa amin na si dade namin laging lumalabas araw
araw, oh nag wowork sya sa bangko iba ibang tao yung nakaka salamuha niya at least man di mo
masasabi na baka hindi siya mahawa kasi nga iba iba yung taong nakaka salamuha niya at least
kaming-mag iina may proteksyon naman kami kahit papaano
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Resarcher: Adda mit ti articles or videos nga nabasam ti social media nga kwa, kasla gapu idjay
ki kasla mitlang idjay previous question kasla pinanunot mo nga mabalin ka agchange decisions?
Participant 4: Meron din basta sa balita ata yun yung ano diba ini insist naman ng DOH na yung
mga vaccine ng mga bata eh safe naman sa kanila parang ganon, na parang may kahit papaano
may study naman na safe naman na ma vaccine’an yung mga five years old ba yon mga five
years old pataas.
Resarcher: Adda pay tita nu ajayin?
Participant 4: Wala na
Resarcher: Idi nagpa vaccine ka tita add ti experience mo nga idi na experience mo ajay ki kwa,
nag hesitate ka nga ipa vaccine jay children mo?
Participant 4: Sa akin kasi ang effect lang naman nong vaccine sakin ano lang sya eh kasla ngay
parang nangalay lang yung kamay ko yung parang ang bigat bigat lang yung braso ko, tapos
parang yung masama ang pakiramdam ko pero the whole night lang yun after kinaumagahan
wala na
Transcribed
Participant 5
Researcher: Nakarecord na
Researcher: Anya dijay paniniwalam aboutl ti covid-19 vaccine ate Kasla kuma ajay paniniwala
nga inaramid da lang ajay vaccine ate tapnu pabassiten iti population ti tao kasla kasjay ate?
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Participant 5 : Kasla ar aramid lang sa mut ti tao dijayun, nu maminsan mamati ka nu maminsan
kasla haan ka mut mamatin ta ajay ngay ar aramidin da lang nga paraan ajayun
Researcher: Tatnu mapa, bassit iti population ate?
Participant 5: Kasla pagkwar kwartaan dan sa payun e
Researcher: Anya pay ate iti paniniwalam about kasjay?
Participant 5: Jay pagperperaan dan kin pagkukwaan dajay population nga
Reseacher: Tapus apay man maniwala ka iajy ate? Agijay in bagam?
Participant 5: Kasi nagadu mut iti kwa imbes agita makit kita kasjay nagad addu ti anya nagan
agituyun, agijay biktima.
Researcher 5: Agijay nabanggit mu nga paniniwala ate anya kadagijay iti delikado? Ajay
inbagam tattay nga paniniwalam about covid-19 ate.
Participant 5: Ajay kas kuma nu ajay nabiktima ka kuma kasjay ajay example kasla ajay kuma
kinni tatay kasi agsaksakit nga nabayag
Researcher: Wen ate
Participant 5: Tapus idi natay ngay kut ibagada mut nga covid’n kasjay hmm
Researcher 5: Adda ba iti nangnangeg mon ate nga sab sabali nga tao about covid-19 vaccine,
ajay vaccine
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Participant 5: nga
Researcher: Nang nangngig mo nga paniniwala da ate iti sabali nga tao about ajay covid-19
vaccine
Participant 5: Ahh, agijay dadduma mayat mut, agijay dadduma kasla madi kasjay jay bagi da
kasjay.
Reseacher: Add ba agijay paniniwala ate’n nga nakitam internet or napanood mo? Jay facebook
kasjay nabuybuyam nga video about covid-19 vaccine?
Participant 5: Awan pay a itta lang balita, kasi man manu ak mut ag an ano
Researcher: Ana mut dagijay rason mo ate apay nga ag hes hesitant ka nga ipa vaccine agijay
annak mo?
Participant 5: Nge baka ngay nu adda side effect na kanyada diba? Dim mut may ana, ,madim
mut maisublin in case nga adda nangyare kanyada, isu nga agdu dwa nak paylang.
Researcher: Add aba ti existing health condition da ate, adda iti sakit da kasjay? Agijay annak
mo?
Participant 5: Jay kwa laeng nuka ag no nosebleed da latta kasjay big bigla, Ajay lang mut kidti.
Researcher: Agijay na vac vaccinan nga ubingin ate, adda ba iti na ob observe mut kanyada ate?
Adda iti nagbago ba kanyada agiay na vaccinan nga ubbing kasjay ate?
Participant 5: Kasla awan sa mut, kammu lang madik pay unay nga nai kwa, kasi manun sa
paylang na vaccinan ittuy.

à
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Researcher: Sa tingin mo ate kut kwa, mahalaga ba ajay edad nu agpa vaccine ka?
Participant 5: Kasla win sa e, Kasi diba ata ngay it itud da ngay kut di da pay kaya jay agas ngay
Researcher: Adda ba iti possibility ate nga agbago iti desisyon mo nga payagam suda nga agpa
vaccine?
Participant 5: Adda mut siguro nu, ajay Makita nga addu iti agpa vaccinen kasjay, gamin tatta kut
man manu da paylang mut ta kwa.
Researcher: Pati nu ipa kwa da jay school’n ate ipa mandatory dan?
Participant 5: Mabalin mut latta siguro.
Researcher: Adda ba ti mabuy buyam ijay facebook’n ate nga nagpabago iti desisyon mo or balita
lang kasjay?
Participant 5: Balita paylang mut.
Researcher: Anya mut iti ibag baga dadjay ate nga balita?
Participant 5: Ajay nu, kailangan kanu nu ag face to face dagita ubbing kasjay
Researcher: Agpa vaccine dapat?
Participant 5: Jay vaccine kinu man nu kailangan talagan edi kailangan agpa vaccine, nu ngay
dida pastriken diba.
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Researcher: Wen ate, adda ba iti nabuy buyamun ate nga jay balita nga nagpakita ti magandang
idududlot na jay vaccine?
Participant 5: Kasla, Kasla awan sa pay
Researcher: Adda ba experience mo ate nga, nga dahil ijay ngay kut madim kayat isudan nga ipa
vaccine or ag hes hesitate ka paylang?
Participant 5: hmmm, ajay kwa idi nagpa booster nak, kasi kasla ngay kuma kumapsot ajay bagik
ngamin idi aginggana idi nagpa booster nak, pero jay first kin second dose mayat mut ngum idi
nagpa boosterakun medyo madi kasla ngay kumapsut talaga jay bagik
Researcher: Ay isu ag hes hesitate ka mut lang ate
Participant 5: Wun, isu nga kasla medyo nga
Researcher: Baka madi da nga kayanen
Participant 5: Wen baka di da nga kaya ngay
Researcher: Ajay lang a
Thematic Coding (Braun and Clarke)
Table 1 Beliefs of Parents Towards COVID-19 Vaccination Among Children
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TEXTS (Responses) CODES
P1:The vaccine was just made to lessen the world's population. When (1)Biological
injected, it shortens the lifespan of a human being. It will make your Weapon
immune system weak which falls into one purpose; to lessen the world's Intentionally
population. (1)It's like a biological weapon that will be injected to you but Made
it won't be a crime to the eyes of the people,(2) it's like a secretly made (2)Decrease
virus. Death from a disease won't be considered a crime Human
Population
Cover Up
Crime
P2: The adverse effects of the vaccine and the ones where they say it has Adverse
macro chips effects
Micro Chips
P3: My beliefs about the vaccine is it isn't effective since 61% of the Ineffective
population in the Philippines are not yet vaccinated. The vaccine isn't also Side-effects
safe, it has worse side effects and they say it makes you infertile (2)and Causes
the worst one; it is deadly. infertility
(2)Deadly
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P4: It was just made in a short period of time (3)which means it has a Rushed
possibility of side effects since it hasn't been studied efficiently. They also Shortens
say it shortens the life span of a human being but we aren't sure about that Life Span
but the one thing which is sure is that (1) will always have side effects (1)Future
maybe not now but 2 years in the future , of course no one knows it's side Effects
effects. Other Korean watchers also say it might turn you into a zombie. (2)Disease
There is also a saying which is (2) awakens dormant diseases in our Trigger
bodies. (3)Unknown
Side Effects
P5: (1)It looks like it was just made-up by people and (2)for them to make Doubt
profit. Sometimes you believe it sometimes you don’t. (1)Made-up
(2)Profit
P1: A lot of proofs said that a lot of people died just like the incident of Shorten
the black death but before, technologies weren't so advanced wherein you Lifespan
won't know an info about the disease unlike now, one click can get you the Business
information you want. If you will look at the cases in other countries there
is the information where a part of a continent labels the areas with cases
and deaths. That will make you believe that there are deaths and that the
disease exists. Then the government will make a vaccine market and say
that they will help but in reality, they are the one who made the virus and
the vaccine. If your body can take it then it will just shorten your lifespan
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P2: Just like what my co-teacher said, that their religion says vaccines has Religion
microchips
P3: Because there is a lot on news saying that people died after they took News Proofs
the vaccine which worries me because it might happen to me or my
children.
P4: (1)There were a lot of deaths during the surge of COVID-19 infection (1)Existing
and vaccination. A lot of news says that this or that person died and Health
his/her body became weird just by taking the vaccine which might be true Conditions
because the person has an existing health condition. Every people has (2)Death
different hormones which means the reaction of the vaccine differs (3)Disease
depending on the hormones of ones body. (1)It's like its dangerous to Trigger
those people with existing health conditions.
Yes, (3)I believe in those because I’ve seen it. Imagine a kid with a
disease which isn’t so serious became severe after vaccination?
P4: (1)Imagine making a rushed vaccine. Those things should be studied (1)Rushed
for a long time,(2) imagine using a mouse to test it, that's not a human's Developmen
body. t
(2)Questiona
ble
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P1: They said they get tired easily, get sick easily, sudden sickness. (1)Weaker
(2)They got diseases they've never had before like allergies.(1) Example is Body
the ones involved in farming, they get tired quicker than usual, usually (2)New
they can go on full day scale but now just half day which means their body Diseases
just got weaker, that's what I hear. (3)Allergies
P2: (1)The vaccine is also a virus that will be injected so that we'll become (1)Vaccine
immune to COVID, that's what they said. I didn’t hear this other one but, is also a
(2) just observed it, the child in our neighborhood, he quickly gets tired Virus
not like before where he gets to run a lot of time before he starts catching (2)Observed
his breath.
P2: Yes I hear a lot, but for me, the concept of the vaccination still isn't Not Immune
clear but because we teaching personnel are obliged to take it, I once Experiences
believed the belief that taking the vaccine will make you immune to the
virus but after my first dose, someone in our school got the virus and I still
felt the symptoms but mild only. So that's where I don't believe in, that
taking the vaccine will make you fully immune to the virus.
P1:Those false beliefs? I don't think there is because it won't come out Proof from
unless it's true. Just like what they say if there's no fire then there's no Others
smoke. It is because those things I've watched has proofs and those things Makes Sense
in the internet.It's like it didn't happen to me but there are proofs that it
happened to others which makes me believe it. Those news that came out
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that is fake? I think there’s none.
P3:That we don’t need to vaccinate, the vaccine isn’t needed. Not Needed
P4: Because you cannot prove it. Like the vaccine not being compatible to Studied
the children. There are studies that backs up the fact that children
shouldn’t get the same medicine doses as adults when it comes to
medicines.
P4: For now I still have no false beliefs None
P5: I see a lot of victims Witnessed
P5: When you became a victim, for example just like death of my father. Experienced
Table 1.1 Themes
CODES THEME
Biological Weapon Vaccine as Human Population Control
Decrease Human Population
Micro Chips
Causes Infertility
Shortens Lifespan
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Intentionally Made Vaccine as Government’s Medium of Manipulation
Cover Up Crime
Made-up
Business
Vaccine is Also a Virus
Profit
Ineffective Vaccine's Issues
Rushed
Rushed Development
Doubt
Questionable
Not Immune
Not Needed
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Adverse Effects Risk of Death and Triggering Dormant Diseases
Side Effects
Deadly
Disease Trigger
Existing Health Conditions
Death
Weaker Body
New Diseases
Allergies
Future Effects
Unknown Side Effects
Religion Beliefs from External Sources
News Proofs
Witnessed
Proof From Others
Experiences The Participant’s Experiences
Experienced
None
Makes Sense Things that Prove Beliefs
Studied
Observations
Table 2 Beliefs that makes parents hesitate to vaccinate their children.

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TEXT (Responses) CODES
P1:(1)Children are called underage because they aren't physically and (1)Not ready
emotionally ready yet. They're still developing especially their immune (2)Underdevel
system until the age of twelve. Then those 13 to 18 years old has oped Body
developed immune systems which strengthens them based on the (1)Not
researches of doctors. That's why I am hesitating to vaccinate my Guaranteed
children (2)because they aren't fully developed yet, it's like injecting Existing
them with a virus. Yes it's true that the vaccine is a good virus but it is Health
still a virus. If a child's body can't take it, then it will have side effects Condition
and it isn't 100% guaranteed. (2)High Doubt
Disease
My other child has a G6 PD which is a disease that makes red blood
Trigger
cells burst once it is triggered which can cause leukemia. I already
asked a pediatrician for an advise and the pedia said it's okay but there's
still doubt about the vaccine, it isn't a hundred percent perfect for
children
P2:First is because my second child has weak immune system because Weak Immune
that child has weak lungs, he might not be able to handle the vaccine System
and the reason is I think the health, the immune system of the child. Yes Vaccine
because if the child is weak then so is the immune system, that's why he Strength
might not be able to take the vaccine. That’s why his immune system Lowers
immune
might become lower when he will take the vaccine. system
P3: I heard people say that once you take the vaccine, your days are Lower
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already in count. Lifespan
Heard
P4: I heard something here, I don't know if it's true but someone told me People’s
that one of my son's classmate, the one who has a down syndrome. Stories
After the child took the vaccine he didn't wake up anymore, it's like his Death
heartbeat stopped and it made me hesitate because you don't know the Unpredictable
side-effects of the vaccine. Even if you let a pediatrician check him/her Effects
up. But of course not everything can be seen by a pediatrician that's
why I'm still hesitating because I don't know what will be its side effects
to my children.
P5: It might have side effects on them isn't it? You can't change it back Side effects
in case something bad happened to them, that's why I'm still hesitating. Irreversible
Existing
Yes but only nosebleeding.
Health
Conditions
P1: They became somewhat weak, easy to catch diseases there's Observation
someone here in our neighbor who was always playing in the rain and Weakened
it's just okay. But now after playing in the rain the child gets sick, colds, Pneumonia
and coughs. Then other children got allergies which didn't have a record Disease
in the past. Then weak lungs, pneumonia, the the common things that Trigger
those hospitalized children who were vaccinated have is pneumonia
since the vaccine relates to the lungs. In short it triggers diseases.
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P3: It's like after vaccination, their immune system became weaker, Weaker
they became prone to colds and coughs. Prone
P4: For now, I think it's still like just normal vaccine, there are those Still
who gets sick, there are those who do not, I think it depends on the Observing
Child's immune system. For now I think it's still okay but I'm still
observing
P1: Truthfully speaking, yes for me and my age of preference is 19-59 Age
years old, because that’s the period where a person is strong but it Underdevelop
doesn't mean that underage are weak but their immune system isn't fully ed Immune
developed. Then the thing I said which is up to 59 years old, it means System
that those who are getting older are also going back to becoming weak
because their strength is drained during their prime, and I just want that
the preferable age for vaccination is 19-59 since old people are weak
and young people are still weak.
P2: From what I know is it depends, yes it depends to an age of a person Age
on how much dosage you should take. The children should have Dependent
different dosage than the older people. That's why it depends to the age
of a person.
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P4: Look at the adults, it depends isn't it? the senior citizens has Aging
comorbidity compared to those adults. That's why the dosage that Dosage and
age
should be given per age should be studied and considered.
P5: I think yes, because what if those who receive the vaccine can't Body Strength
handle it?
P1: Yes, if they reach the age of 19, but if they say it will be mandatory Need
for the face to face classes I want them to give me an assurance that it is Assurance
100% safe. Or let's switch it, let them make a waver and let them sign
the waver which says the child will be 100% safe when vaccinated, I'm
sure they will have their doubts.
P2: For me, I don't want to do it and I'm scared for them but their father Risky
said I should.
P3: As of the moment I'm 40% sure that my decision to vaccinate them Internet
because I saw some things in the internet that made me lose trust in the Influence
vaccine.
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P1: Yes, when I got the virus, I really wanted to get the vaccine since Severe Side
the experience of having the vaccine like difficulty in breathing. So Effects
after I recovered, I got my certificate for vaccination. But the problem is Immune
I got sick after getting vaccinated, it's like my immune system is System
fighting the vaccine that's why you need a strong immune system before Unexpected
you take the vaccine. Then it's also hard because what if you get a Effects
severe sickness. That's the scary part because commonly, it has side
effects.
P2: The experience I had is body pain which might endanger the Body Pain
children. I think that's my only experience that my children can't handle.
P3:Personally, when I got my vaccine, I had a chill then a fever and Multiple Side
headache that lasted for two days, I was bedridden during those times Effects
since my body is in a bad shape.
P4: When I got vaccinated, I felt like my arm is heavy and I don't feel Side Effects
good the whole night, but after that I was fine.
P5:(2) When I got my booster shot, I felt my body became weak, (1)I (1)Future
didn't feel it during my first and second dose, only when I got the Effects
booster. (2)Third Dose
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P1: I watched a video about a child around 17 years old. I was ready to Brain Damage
vaccinate them before but someone sent me that, her brain got damaged Not 100%
after getting vaccinated. The findings of the CT scan concluded that it Sure
was because the child’s body wasn't ready for the vaccine which is Not Physically
either caused by staying late at night or skipping meals. Of course if you Ready
haven't ate the night before getting the vaccine, you'll get anxiety. That's
why the vaccine isn't 100% sure
P2: Of course, when your immune system is stronger than the virus, the Vaccination
other contents are the ones I watch from DOH especially the Campaign
Resbakuna, and to us, in the DepEd, it shows the positive side of the
vaccine.
P3: I watched a video of in GMA about vaccine memes where they Comparison
compared the facts vs fake info about the vaccine. They made Facts
clarifications regarding the fake news found in the internet.
P4: There is especially on the news where DOH insists that vaccination Studies
for children with ages 5 and up is safe with a study backing it up. Safe
P5: I think none for now since there are still few here who are None yet
vaccinated
P5: I think yes, since there will be more vaccinated people in the future Waiting
and when face to face classes starts.
Table 2.1 Themes
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CODES THEMES
Not Ready Not Physically Ready
Underdeveloped Body
Weak Immune System
Underdeveloped
Immune System
Not Physically Ready
Existing Health Conditions Vaccine Affects Physical Health Status
Pneumonia
Disease Trigger
Weaker
Weakened
Body Pain
Not guaranteed Low trust in COVID-19 Vaccines
High Doubt
Need Assurance
Risky
Not 100% Sure
Disease Trigger The Vaccine Weakens the Immune System
Prone
Lowers Immune System
à
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Vaccine Strength Vaccine Dose vs Body Strength
Body Strength
Dosage to Age
Lowers Lifespan Adverse Effects of the Vaccine
Death
Side effects
Severe Side Effects
Multiple Side Effects
Brain Damage
Heard Beliefs Heard or Observed from External Factors
People’s Stories
Observation
Internet Influence
Unpredictable Effects Permanent and Future Effects
Unexpected Effects
Future Effects
Third Dose
Irreversible
Age Age Impact
Aging
Age Dependent
à
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Studies Things that will Persuade the Parents
Safe
Vaccination Campaign
Facts
Comparisons
None Yet Not Ready for Vaccination
Waiting
Still observing
à
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Appendix D: Curriculum Vitae

CURRICULUM VITAE
Name : Princess Kyla B. Acupido
Address : Purok02,District 04,San Manuel, Isabela
Contact Number : 09363998273
E-mail Address :[email protected]
Educational Attainment:
Grade School:
● San Manuel Central School 2016-2017

Junior High School:
● Callang National High School 2020-2021

Senior High School:`
● University of Perpetual Help System Laguna 2022-Present

(Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics)
Personal Data:
Height : 5’5
Weight : 52kg
Birthdate : May, 11, 2005
Age : 17
Birthplace : San Manuel, Isabela
Citizenship : Filipino
Religion : Methodist
Father’s Name : Romeo M. Acupido
Mother’s Name : Rhoda B. Acupido
CURRICULUM VITAE
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Name : John Raeben Birginias
Address : Minallo, Naguilian, Isabela
E-mail Address : [email protected]
Grade School:
● Minallo Elementary School 2010-2017

Junior High School:
● Reina Mercedes Vocational and Industrial School. 2017-2021


Personal Data:
Height :. : 5’6”
Weight : 66 kg
Birthdate : November 23, 2004
Age : 17
Birthplace :, Isabela
Religion : Roman Catholic
Father’s Name : Benny B. Birginias
Mother’s Name : Arabella Z. Buenaventura
CURRICULUM VITAE
Name : JV Stephen B. Dela Peña

à
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Address : Salinungan East, San Mateo, Isabela
Grade School:
● Salinungan East Elementary School 2010-2017

Junior High School:
● La Salette of San Mateo Inc. 2017-2021


Personal Data:
Height :. : 5’7”
Weight : 80 kg
Birthdate : November 17, 2004
Age : 17
Birthplace : San Mateo, Isabela
Father’s Name : Jojo B. Dela Peña
Mother’s Name : Vienna Lou P. Blas
CURRICULUM VITAE
Name : Kryztal Fate Joy S. Eugenio
Address : Dipacamo, San Guillermo, Isabela

à
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Grade School:
● Dipacamo Elementary School 2010-2017

Junior High School:
● San Guillermo Vocational and Industrial High School 2017-2021


Personal Data:
Height : 5’4”
Weight : 54kg
Birthdate : February 24, 2005
Age : 17
Birthplace : San Guillermo, Isabela
Religion : Born Again-Christian
Father’s Name : Joey T. Eugenio
Mother’s Name : Zeny C. Sanchez
CURRICULUM VITAE
Name : Arrheya Venish C. Totto 1.7x 1.7 picture

Chest Level
Address :Villarta Street, District 1, Cauayan City,
Corridor
Isabela Background
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Grade School:
• Children Of Lourdes Academy Cauayan Incorporated 2011-2017
Junior High School:
• Children of Lourdes Academy Cauayan Incorporated 2017-2021
• University of Perpetual Help System Laguna 2021-2022
Present
Awards and Achievements: Grade 1:

• With honors
• Student of the month for the month of September
Grade 2:
• Student of the month for the month of January
Grade 3:
• Student of the month for the month of December
Grade 4:
• Student of the month for the month of February and October
• CCPRISAA Representative (Table Tennis)
• DSPC Representative (Photo Journalism)
• Nutrition Month Zumba Competition Champion
Grade 5:
• With Honors
• Student of the month for 8 months of the school year
• Festival Dance Champion

•
Grade 6:
• With Honors
• Student of the month for the month of September and January
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• Quiz Bee Champion
• Leadership Training Camp Representative at Baguio
• DSPC Representative (Sports Writing)

Grade 7:
• With Honors
• Student of the month for the month of October and January
• CCPRISAA Representative (Arnis)
• Quiz Bee Champion

Grade 8:
• With Honors
• CCPRISAA Representative (Volleyball)
• Festival Dance 2nd Runner Up

Grade 9:
• With Honors

Grade 10:
• With honors
Personal Data:
Height : 5’8
Weight : 49kg
à
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Birthdate : December 26, 2004
Age : 17
Birthplace : Cauayan City, Isabela
Father’s Name : Marvin A Totto
Mother’s Name : Karen Irish C. Totto

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University of Perpetual Help System Laguna – JONELTA

Beliefs of Parents Towards COVID 19 Vaccination Among Children

Faculty of Senior High School of the

University of Perpetual Help System Isabela Campus

Minante Uno, Cauayan City, Isabela

Of the Requirement for the Subject

Birginias, John Raeben B.

Dela Peña, JV Stephen B.

Acupido, Princess Kyla B.

Eugenio, Kryztal Fate Joy S.

Totto, Arrheya Venish C.

RECOMMENDATION FOR ORAL EXAMINATION

This thesis entitled “Beliefs of Parents Toward COVID-19 Vaccination

and is recommended for Oral Examination.

Rhean Joy B. Acupido LPT., MaED

APPROVAL BY THE PANEL OF EXAMINERS

Approved by the panel on Oral Examination with the grade of__________

(Meritissimus, Benemeritus, Meritus, Probatus)

Michelle B. Estillore, RN, LPT., MAN, MAEd.

Neriza P. Bustamante, LPT., MAEd. Jemer B. Andres LPT., MAEd.

Rhean Joy B. Acupido, LPT., MAEd Arrah Lea P. Vidal, LPT.

Michelle B. Estillore, RN, LPT., MAN., MAEd.

blessings throughout our research work to complete the research successfully.

her for her friendship, empathy, and great sense of humor.

educating and preparing us for our futures.

also her motivations have deeply encouraged us.

errors and formats.

Campus Senior High School Level.

Title: Beliefs of Parents Toward COVID-19 Vaccination Among

Academic Year 2020-2021

Adviser Rhean Joy B. Acupido

No. of Pages 121

researchers used qualitative case study in conducting this research.

2 REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDY

4 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION………………………………………….. 23

5 SUMMARY OF FINDINGS, CONCLUSIONS, AND

Appendix A: Letter to the Senior High School Coordinator and Authorities

Appendix B: Interview Protocol

Appendix C: Verbatim Transcriptions and Coding

Appendix D: Curriculum Vita

THE PROBLEM AND ITS SETTING

concerns this is about the acceptance of the parents.

parent or guardian to be vaccinated against COVID-19, acting presidential spokesperson Cabinet

advocate the importance of taking the covid-19 vaccine among children.

composed of six constructs namely; perceived severity, perceived susceptibility, perceived

become a hindrance in performing recommended health actions. This construct is connected to

(Ruggiero & Keidy, 2021)

ones making the decision (Nickerson, 2021).

side effects and the health of their children.

comes, which is the cues to action construct.

vaccines are also included.

of factors including health/life responsibilities which may be seen to be more important at a

Vaccination convenience is an important factor when physical and geographical

(McDonald & the SAGE WG on Vaccine Hesitancy, 2015).

Statement of the Problem

Assumptions of the Study

The researches based this study on the following assumptions:

advocate the vaccination program.